Search

To examine the effects of different PM2.5 concentration ranges on daily all-cause mortality, 8768 all-cause deaths were recorded in the database of the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Data of air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) concentration were provided by the Jinan Environment Monitoring Center. The relative risk of all-cause mortality was assessed using a quasi-Poisson regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. The concentrations of PM2.5 were divided into four ranges 0–35 μg/m3; 35–75 μg/m3; 75–115 μg/m3; 115–150 μg/m3. There was no significant relationship between PM2.5 exposure and all-cause deaths in individuals aged 3, 35–75 μg/m3, and 115–150 μg/m3 with a mortality increase of 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), 1.03 (1.00, 1.05), and 1.05 (1.01, 1.08), respectively. When the population aged ≥ 60 years was stratified into gender groups, exposure to PM2.5 in the range 0–35 μg/m3 increased the mortality risk in men but not women. All-cause mortality in women, but not men, increased significantly with exposure to PM2.5 in the ranges of 35–75, 75–115, and 115–150 μg/m3.

The incidence of multiple lung cancer has been steadily increasing worldwide. Although cases of patients with lung cancers in the right upper and lower lobe have also become more frequently reported in clinical work, simultaneous right upper and lower lobectomy reports with the middle lobe preservation are still quite rare. A total of three patients with lung cancers in the right upper and lower lobe were included in the study. The patients underwent simultaneous right upper and lower lobectomy, whereas the remaining middle lobe was sutured and fixed to the intercostal muscle of the incision to prevent postoperative lobe torsion. There was no procedure to reduce residual space，such as phrenic nerve crush or thoracoplasty. All patients were discharged from the hospital 7 days after the operation. The chest tube was removed 5 days after the operation in two patients. One patient was discharged with the tube because of slight pulmonary leakage, and the tube was removed 2 weeks after the operation. Six months after the operation, the chest computer tomography showed that the middle lobe expanded well and no obvious cavity or pleural effusion was found. The suture of the remaining middle lobe and intercostal muscle of the incision is a simple and effective method that can be used to successfully avoid middle lobe torsion. This strategy is safe and can be used as the first choice for eligible patients., The patients with lung cancers in right upper and lower lobe have been found in clinical work. Right pneumonectomy has a higher risk of mortality than lobectomy. We found a new simple and effective method to fix the middle lobe after right upper and lower bilobectomy, and the method can be preferred as the first choice of surgical procedure for eligible patients in clinical work.