12,570 results on '"Pituitary neoplasms"'
Search Results
2. Association between birth characteristics and incidence of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma: a registry-based study in California, 2001-2015.
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Cote, David, Wang, Rong, Morimoto, Libby, Metayer, Catherine, Zada, Gabriel, Ma, Xiaomei, and Wiemels, Joseph
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Birth characteristics ,Birth order ,Birthweight ,Craniopharyngioma ,Epidemiology ,Pituitary adenoma ,Male ,Child ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Preschool ,Incidence ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Risk Factors ,Craniopharyngioma ,Registries ,California - Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between birth characteristics, including parental sociodemographic characteristics, and early-onset pituitary adenoma (PA) and craniopharyngioma. METHODS: Leveraging the population-based California Linkage Study of Early-onset Cancers, we identified the birth characteristics of incident cases with PA (n = 1,749) or craniopharyngioma (n = 227) who were born from 1978 to 2015 and diagnosed 1988-2015, as well as controls in a 50:1 ratio matched on birth year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were computed using unconditional multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Males had a lower risk of PA than females (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.34-0.41), and Black (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.30-1.84) or Hispanic (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.34-1.74) individuals had a higher risk compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Older maternal age was positively associated with PA (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15 per 5 years, p
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- 2023
3. Diffuse Basisphenoid Enhancement: Possible Differentiating Feature for Granulomatous Hypophysitis.
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Mark, I and Glastonbury, Christine
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Humans ,Female ,Male ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Diagnosis ,Differential ,Hypophysitis ,Pituitary Gland ,Autoimmune Hypophysitis ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland with an imaging appearance that can overlap with that of pituitary adenoma. Differentiating the two before surgical resection can have important treatment implications. The purpose of our study was to determine whether it was possible to differentiate between granulomatous hypophysitis and pituitary adenoma on the basis of diffuse enhancing infrasellar basisphenoid bone marrow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 3 cases, initially thought to be pituitary adenomas, that were pathology-proved granulomatous hypophysitis. The preoperative MR images were reviewed for diffuse, enhancing infrasellar basisphenoid bone marrow. For comparison, we reviewed 100 cases of pathology-proved pituitary adenoma for the same finding. Additionally, imaging findings including the sphenoid sinus pneumatization pattern, clinical history, laboratory values, and pathology results were reviewed. RESULTS: All 3 cases of granulomatous hypophysitis had diffuse enhancing infrasellar basisphenoid bone marrow. Conversely, this was not seen in any of the 100 pituitary adenomas. The patients with granulomatous hypophysitis were all women. Two patients had idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis, and 1 had secondary granulomatous hypophysitis with sarcoidosis. Of the 100 patients with pituitary adenomas, 67 were women. The basisphenoid pneumatization patterns was as follows: 15 (type 2), 40 (type 3), and 45 (type 4). CONCLUSIONS: We present 3 cases of granulomatous hypophysitis with diffuse enhancement of the infrasellar basisphenoid bone marrow that was not seen in our 100 cases of pituitary adenomas. This imaging feature may be valuable for suggesting a diagnosis of granulomatous hypophysitis and avoiding surgical resection of what might otherwise be misdiagnosed as a pituitary adenoma.
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- 2022
4. Plurihormonal PIT-1-Positive Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Single-Center Series.
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Andrews, John, Joshi, Rushikesh, Pereira, Matheus, Oh, Taemin, Haddad, Alexander, Pereira, Kaitlyn, Osorio, Robert, Donohue, Kevin, Peeran, Zain, Sudhir, Sweta, Jain, Saket, Beniwal, Angad, Chopra, Ashley, Sandhu, Narpal, Tihan, Tarik, Blevins, Lewis, and Aghi, Manish
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Atypical pituitary adenoma ,PIT-1 ,Pituitary adenoma ,Plurihormonal ,Silent subtype 3 adenoma ,Adenoma ,Adult ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Pituitary Neoplasms - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The 2017 World Health Organization classification of pituitary adenomas identified the plurihormonal PIT-1-positive (PP1) adenoma as a distinct subtype. The reported data suggest that PP1 adenomas encompass the former class of silent subtype 3 (SS3) adenomas and might have an aggressive phenotype. In the present study, we summarized the current clinical data on PP1 and SS3 adenomas and compared the reported data with the data from a single institutional cohort. METHODS: Medline and Google Scholar were searched from 1990 to 2020 for clinical series of PP1 and SS3 adenomas in accordance with the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines. Studies were included if they had reported pituitary pathology as PP1 or SS3 adenomas and had reported the clinical outcomes after surgical intervention. To better define the PP1 phenotype compared with non-PP1 adenomas, we also reviewed the adenomas treated surgically at our institution from 2012 to 2019. RESULTS: Of all the tumors reported in the studies as PP1 or SS3, 99% were macroadenomas and 18% were giant adenomas (>4 cm). Of the reported patients, 31.8% had received radiotherapy, and 22.9% had undergone multiple surgeries for their pituitary tumor. In our single-center experience, 20 patients had an adenoma that met the criteria for a PP1 adenoma. Compared with the 1146 non-PP1 tumors, the PP1 tumors did not show statistically significant differences in the extent of resection, size, number of previous surgeries, future reoperations, rate of radiotherapy, p53 staining, or MIB-1 labeling index. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the present large, single-center study comparing PP1 and non-PP1 adenomas do not suggest that PP1 tumors are more aggressive. Further work is warranted to identify the pathologic subtypes of pituitary adenomas that are consistently more clinically aggressive.
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- 2021
5. Stalking the Diagnosis
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Minter, Daniel J, Richie, Megan, Kumthekar, Priya, and Hollander, Harry
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Eye ,Brain ,Central Nervous System Neoplasms ,Diabetes Insipidus ,Diagnosis ,Differential ,Germinoma ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Pituitary Gland ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Published
- 2021
6. Endoscopic versus nonendoscopic surgery for resection of pituitary adenomas: a national database study.
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Goshtasbi, Khodayar, Lehrich, Brandon M, Abouzari, Mehdi, Abiri, Arash, Birkenbeuel, Jack, Lan, Ming-Ying, Wang, Wei-Hsin, Cadena, Gilbert, Hsu, Frank PK, and Kuan, Edward C
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Brain Disorders ,Health Disparities ,Patient Safety ,Cancer ,Academic Medical Centers ,Adenoma ,Adult ,Black or African American ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Comorbidity ,Databases ,Factual ,Endoscopy ,Female ,Humans ,Length of Stay ,Male ,Microsurgery ,Middle Aged ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Operative Time ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Propensity Score ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,pituitary adenoma ,endoscopy ,microscopic surgery ,transsphenoidal ,NCDB ,National Cancer Database ,surgical outcome ,pituitary surgery ,surgical technique ,Neurosciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveFor symptomatic nonsecreting pituitary adenomas (PAs), resection remains a critical option for treatment. In this study, the authors used a large-population national database to compare endoscopic surgery (ES) to nonendoscopic surgery (NES) for the surgical management of PA.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for all patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed PA who underwent resection between 2010 and 2016 in which the surgical approach was specified. Due to database limitations, microsurgery and craniotomy were both categorized as NES.ResultsOf 30,488 identified patients, 16,373 (53.7%) underwent ES and 14,115 (46.3%) underwent NES. There was a significant increase in the use of ES over time (OR 1.16, p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant temporal increase in ES approach for tumors ≥ 2 cm (OR 1.17, p < 0.01). Compared to NES, patients who underwent ES were younger (p = 0.01), were treated at academic centers (p < 0.01), lived a greater distance from their treatment site (p < 0.01), had smaller tumors (p < 0.01), had greater medical comorbidity burden (p = 0.04), had private insurance (p < 0.01), and had a higher household income (p < 0.01). After propensity score matching to control for age, tumor size, Charlson/Deyo score, and type of treatment center, patients who underwent ES had a shorter length of hospital stay (LOS) (3.9 ± 4.9 days vs 4.3 ± 5.4 days, p < 0.01), although rates of gross-total resection (GTR; p = 0.34), adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.41), and 90-day mortality (p = 0.45) were similar. On multivariate logistic regression, African American race (OR 0.85, p < 0.01) and tumor size ≥ 2 cm (OR 0.89, p = 0.01) were negative predictors of receiving ES, whereas diagnosis in more recent years (OR 1.16, p < 0.01), greater Charlson/Deyo score (OR 1.10, p = 0.01), receiving treatment at an academic institution (OR 1.67, p < 0.01) or at a treatment site ≥ 20 miles away (OR 1.17, p < 0.01), having private insurance (OR 1.09, p = 0.01), and having a higher household income (OR 1.11, p = 0.01) were predictive of receiving ES. Compared to the ES cohort, patients who started with ES and converted to NES (n = 293) had a higher ratio of nonwhite race (p < 0.01), uninsured insurance status (p < 0.01), longer LOS (p < 0.01), and higher rates of GTR (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThere is an increasing trend toward ES for PA resection including its use for larger tumors. Although ES may result in shorter LOS compared to NES, rates of GTR, need for adjuvant therapy, and short-term mortality may be similar. Factors such as tumor size, insurance status, facility type, income, race, and existing comorbidities may predict receiving ES.
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- 2021
7. RB depletion is required for the continuous growth of tumors initiated by loss of RB
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Doan, Alex, Arand, Julia, Gong, Diana, Drainas, Alexandros P, Shue, Yan Ting, Lee, Myung Chang, Zhang, Shuyuan, Walter, David M, Chaikovsky, Andrea C, Feldser, David M, Vogel, Hannes, Dow, Lukas E, Skotheim, Jan M, and Sage, Julien
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Genetics ,Biotechnology ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Brain Disorders ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Animals ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,Disease Models ,Animal ,E2F Transcription Factors ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neoplastic ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Humans ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Transgenic ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,RNA ,Small Interfering ,Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is functionally inactivated in a wide range of human tumors where this inactivation promotes tumorigenesis in part by allowing uncontrolled proliferation. RB has been extensively studied, but its mechanisms of action in normal and cancer cells remain only partly understood. Here, we describe a new mouse model to investigate the consequences of RB depletion and its re-activation in vivo. In these mice, induction of shRNA molecules targeting RB for knock-down results in the development of phenotypes similar to Rb knock-out mice, including the development of pituitary and thyroid tumors. Re-expression of RB leads to cell cycle arrest in cancer cells and repression of transcriptional programs driven by E2F activity. Thus, continuous RB loss is required for the maintenance of tumor phenotypes initiated by loss of RB, and this new mouse model will provide a new platform to investigate RB function in vivo.
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- 2021
8. Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Patients With Smell Dysfunction Following Endoscopic Sellar and Parasellar Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
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Yan, Carol H, Rathor, Aakanksha, Krook, Kaelyn, Ma, Yifei, Rotella, Melissa R, Dodd, Robert L, Hwang, Peter H, Nayak, Jayakar V, Oyesiku, Nelson M, DelGaudio, John M, Levy, Joshua M, Wise, Justin, Wise, Sarah K, and Patel, Zara M
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Nutrition ,Neurosciences ,Rare Diseases ,Adult ,Dietary Supplements ,Fatty Acids ,Omega-3 ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Neuroendoscopy ,Olfaction Disorders ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Postoperative Cognitive Complications ,Prospective Studies ,Skull Base Neoplasms ,Treatment Outcome ,Olfactory loss ,Skull base ,Pituitary ,Endoscopic ,Smell ,Therapeutics ,Sella ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
BackgroundEndoscopic endonasal approaches pose the potential risk of olfactory loss. Loss of olfaction and potentially taste can be permanent and greatly affect patients' quality of life. Treatments for olfactory loss have had limited success. Omega-3 supplementation may be a therapeutic option with its effect on wound healing and nerve regeneration.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact on olfaction in patients treated with omega-3 supplementation following endoscopic skull base tumor resection.MethodsIn this multi-institutional, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 110 patients with sellar or parasellar tumors undergoing endoscopic resection were randomized to nasal saline irrigations or nasal saline irrigations plus omega-3 supplementation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and at 6 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postoperatively.ResultsEighty-seven patients completed all 6 mo of follow-up (41 control arm, 46 omega-3 arm). At 6 wk postoperatively, 25% of patients in both groups experienced a clinically significant loss in olfaction. At 3 and 6 mo, patients receiving omega-3 demonstrated significantly less persistent olfactory loss compared to patients without supplementation (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). After controlling for multiple confounding variables, omega-3 supplementation was found to be protective against olfactory loss (odds ratio [OR] 0.05, 95% CI 0.003-0.81, P = .03). Tumor functionality was a significant independent predictor for olfactory loss (OR 32.7, 95% CI 1.15-929.5, P = .04).ConclusionOmega-3 supplementation appears to be protective for the olfactory system during the healing period in patients who undergo endoscopic resection of sellar and parasellar masses.
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- 2020
9. Long-term survival with stereotactic radiotherapy for imaging-diagnosed pituitary tumors in dogs.
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Hansen, Katherine S, Zwingenberger, Allison L, Théon, Alain P, and Kent, Michael S
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Animals ,Dogs ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Adrenocortical Hyperfunction ,Dog Diseases ,Radiosurgery ,Survival Analysis ,Retrospective Studies ,Radiation Dosage ,Female ,Male ,Cushing's disease ,SRS ,hyperadrenocorticism ,photon therapy ,stereotaxis ,Brain Disorders ,Cancer ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies ,Veterinary Sciences - Abstract
Published studies on the use of stereotactic radiotherapy for dogs with pituitary tumors are limited. This retrospective observational study describes results of stereotactic radiotherapy for 45 dogs with imaging-diagnosed pituitary tumors. All dogs were treated at a single hospital during the period of December 2009-2015. The stereotactic radiotherapy was delivered in one 15 Gray (Gy) fraction or in three 8 Gy fractions. At the time of analysis, 41 dogs were deceased. Four were alive and censored from all survival analyses; one dog received 8 Gy every other day and was removed from protocol analyses. The median overall survival from first treatment was 311 days (95% confidence interval 226-410 days [range 1-2134 days]). Thirty-two dogs received 15 Gy (median overall survival 311 days; 95% confidence interval [range 221-427 days]), and 12 received 24 Gy on three consecutive days (median overall survival 245 days, 95% confidence interval [range 2-626 days]). Twenty-nine dogs had hyperadrenocorticism (median overall survival 245 days), while 16 had nonfunctional masses (median overall survival 626 days). Clinical improvement was reported in 37/45 cases. Presumptive signs of acute adverse effects within 4 months of stereotactic radiotherapy were noted in 10/45, and most had improvement spontaneously or with steroids. Late effects versus tumor progression were not discernable, but posttreatment blindness (2), hypernatremia (2), and progressive neurological signs (31) were reported. There was no statistical difference in median overall survival for different protocols. Patients with nonfunctional masses had longer median overall survival than those with hyperadrenocorticism (P = 0.0003). Survival outcomes with stereotactic radiotherapy were shorter than those previously reported with definitive radiation, especially for dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.
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- 2019
10. Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushings disease.
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Chatain, Grégoire, Patronas, Nicholas, Smirniotopoulos, James, Piazza, Martin, Benzo, Sarah, Ray-Chaudhury, Abhik, Sharma, Susmeeta, Lodish, Maya, Nieman, Lynnette, Stratakis, Constantine, and Chittiboina, Prashant
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3D-GRE ,3D-GRE = volumetric gradient recalled echo ,ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone ,CD = Cushing’s disease ,CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Cushing’s disease ,FLAIR ,HDDST = high-dose dexamethasone suppression test ,IPSS = inferior petrosal sinus sampling ,MRI ,NIH = National Institutes of Health ,NINDS = National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ,PPV = positive predictive value ,TSS = transsphenoidal surgery ,UFC = urinary free cortisol ,contrast ,fluid attenuated inversion recovery ,hypercortisolism ,pituitary adenoma ,pituitary surgery ,transsphenoidal surgery ,volumetric gradient recalled echo ,washout ,Adenoma ,Adult ,Diagnosis ,Differential ,Female ,Humans ,Image Enhancement ,Imaging ,Three-Dimensional ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prospective Studies ,Retrospective Studies ,Sensitivity and Specificity - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate presurgical localization of microadenomas in Cushings disease (CD) leads to improved remission rates and decreased adverse events. Volumetric gradient recalled echo (3D-GRE) MRI detects pituitary microadenomas in CD in up to 50%-80% cases as a focus of hypointensity due to delayed contrast wash-in. The authors have previously reported that postcontrast FLAIR imaging may be useful in detecting otherwise MRI-negative pituitary microadenomas as foci of hyperintensity. This reflects theoretically complementary imaging of microadenomas due to delayed contrast washout. The authors report on the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of FLAIR imaging in the detection of microadenomas in patients with CD. METHODS The authors prospectively analyzed imaging findings in 23 patients (24 tumors) with biochemically proven CD who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for CD. Preoperatively, the patients underwent pituitary MRI with postcontrast FLAIR and postcontrast 3D-GRE sequences. RESULTS Postcontrast FLAIR hyperintensity was detected in macroadenomas, and in 3D-GRE-positive or -negative microadenomas. Overall, 3D-GRE was superior in detecting surgically and histopathologically confirmed, location-concordant microadenomas. Of 24 pituitary adenomas, 18 (75%; sensitivity 82%, positive predictive value 95%) were found on 3D-GRE, and 13 (50% [1 was false positive]; sensitivity 55%, positive predictive value 92%) were correctly identified on FLAIR. The stand-alone specificity of 3D-GRE and FLAIR was similar (50%). These results confirm the superiority of 3D-GRE as a stand-alone imaging modality. The authors then tested the utility of FLAIR as a complementary tool to 3D-GRE imaging. All 5 patients with negative 3D-GRE MRI displayed a distinct focus of FLAIR enhancement. Four of those 5 cases (80%) had location-concordant positive histopathological results and achieved postsurgical biochemical remission. The remaining patient was not cured, because resection did not include the region of FLAIR hyperintensity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that delayed microadenoma contrast washout may be detected as FLAIR hyperintensity in otherwise MRI-negative CD cases. The authors propose adding postcontrast FLAIR sequences to complement 3D-GRE for surgical planning in patients with CD. Clinical trial registration no.: NIH protocol 03-N-0164, NCT00060541 (clinicaltrials.gov).
- Published
- 2018
11. Perioperative lumbar drain utilization in transsphenoidal pituitary resection.
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Alharbi, Shatha, Harsh, Griffith, and Ajlan, Abdulrazag
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Lumbosacral Region ,Sphenoid Bone ,Humans ,Adenoma ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Headache ,Postoperative Complications ,Drainage ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Adult ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ,Brain Disorders ,Patient Safety ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.4 Surgery ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate lumbar drain (LD) efficacy in transnasal resection of pituitary macroadenomas in preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, technique safety, and effect on length of hospital stay.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective data review of pituitary tumor patients in our institution who underwent surgery between December 2006 and January 2013. All patients were operated on for complete surgical resection of pituitary macroadenoma tumors. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 received a preoperative drain, while LD was not preoperatively inserted in group 2. In cases of tumors with suprasellar extension with anticipation of high-flow leak, LD was inserted after the patient was intubated and in a lateral position. Lumbar drain was used for 48 hours, and the drain was removed if no leak was observed postoperatively. In documented postoperative CSF leak patients with no preoperative drain, the leak was treated by LD trial prior to surgical reconstruction. Cases in which leak occurred 6 months postoperatively were excluded.ResultsOur study population consisted of 186 patients, 99 women (53%) and 87 men (47%), with a mean age of 50.3+/-16.1 years. Complications occurred in 7 patients (13.7%) in group 1 versus 21 (15.5%) in group 2 (p=0.72). Postoperative CSF leak was observed in 1 patient (1.9%) in group 1 and 7 (5%) in group 2 (Fisher exact test=0.3). Length of hospital stay was a mean of 4.7+/-1.9 days in group 1 and a mean of 2.7+/-2.4 days in group 2 (p
- Published
- 2018
12. Loss-of-function mutations in the CABLES1 gene are a novel cause of Cushing’s disease
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Hernández-Ramírez, Laura C, Gam, Ryhem, Valdés, Nuria, Lodish, Maya B, Pankratz, Nathan, Balsalobre, Aurelio, Gauthier, Yves, Faucz, Fabio R, Trivellin, Giampaolo, Chittiboina, Prashant, Lane, John, Kay, Denise M, Dimopoulos, Aggeliki, Gaillard, Stephan, Neou, Mario, Bertherat, Jérôme, Assié, Guillaume, Villa, Chiara, Mills, James L, Drouin, Jacques, and Stratakis, Constantine A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Genetics ,Pediatric ,Cancer ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Adenoma ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Animals ,Carrier Proteins ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,Child ,Cyclins ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Mice ,Mutation ,Phosphoproteins ,Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Cushing's disease ,corticotropinoma ,whole-exome sequencing ,germline mutation ,Cushing’s disease ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Clinical sciences ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
The CABLES1 cell cycle regulator participates in the adrenal-pituitary negative feedback, and its expression is reduced in corticotropinomas, pituitary tumors with a largely unexplained genetic basis. We investigated the presence of CABLES1 mutations/copy number variations (CNVs) and their associated clinical, histopathological and molecular features in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). Samples from 146 pediatric (118 germline DNA only/28 germline and tumor DNA) and 35 adult (tumor DNA) CD patients were screened for CABLES1 mutations. CNVs were assessed in 116 pediatric CD patients (87 germline DNA only/29 germline and tumor DNA). Four potentially pathogenic missense variants in CABLES1 were identified, two in young adults (c.532G > A, p.E178K and c.718C > T, p.L240F) and two in children (c.935G > A, p.G312D and c.1388A > G, and p.D463G) with CD; no CNVs were found. The four variants affected residues within or close to the predicted cyclin-dependent kinase-3 (CDK3)-binding region of the CABLES1 protein and impaired its ability to block cell growth in a mouse corticotropinoma cell line (AtT20/D16v-F2). The four patients had macroadenomas. We provide evidence for a role of CABLES1 as a novel pituitary tumor-predisposing gene. Its function might link two of the main molecular mechanisms altered in corticotropinomas: the cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin group of cell cycle regulators and the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of CABLES1 mutations among patients with other types of pituitary adenomas and to elucidate the pituitary-specific functions of this gene.
- Published
- 2017
13. Apparent diffusion coefficient and pituitary macroadenomas: pre-operative assessment of tumor atypia.
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Tamrazi, Benita, Pekmezci, Melike, Aboian, Mariam, Tihan, Tarik, and Glastonbury, Christine M
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Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Linear Models ,Retrospective Studies ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Diffusion weighted imaging ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Pituitary adenoma ,Proliferation index ,Clinical Research ,Biomedical Imaging ,Cancer ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
Rationale and objectivesPituitary macroadenomas are predominantly benign intracranial neoplasms that can be locally aggressive with invasion of adjacent structures. Biomarkers of aggressive behavior have been identified in the pathology literature, including the proliferative marker MIB-1. In the radiology literature, diffusion weighted imaging and low ADC values provide similar markers of aggressive behavior in brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between ADC and MIB-1 in pituitary macroadenomas.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of diffusion imaging and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary macroadenomas was performed. The ADC ratio and specimen Ki-67 (MIB-1) indices were measured. Linear regression analysis of normalized ADC values and MIB-1 indices was used to compare these parameters.ResultsThere were 17 patients with available ADC maps and MIB-1 indices. Local invasion was confirmed by imaging and intraoperative visualization in 11 patients. The mean ADC ratio for the invasive group was 0.68, with a mean MIB-1 index of 2.21 %. In the noninvasive group, the mean ADC ratio was 1.05, with a mean MIB-1 index of 0.9 %. Linear regression analysis of normalized ADC values versus MIB-1 demonstrates a negative correlation, with a linear slope significantly different from zero (p = 0.003, correlation coefficient of 0.77, and r squared = 0.59).ConclusionWe determine a strong correlation of low ADC values and MIB-1, demonstrating the potential of diffusion imaging as a possible biomarker for atypical, proliferative adenomas, which may ultimately affect the surgical approach and postoperative management.
- Published
- 2017
14. Description of the prevalence, histologic characteristics, concomitant abnormalities, and outcomes of mammary gland tumors in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus): 100 cases (1990-2015).
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Vergneau-Grosset, Claire, Keel, M Kevin, Goldsmith, Dayna, Kass, Philip H, Paul-Murphy, Joanne, and Hawkins, Michelle G
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Cancer ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adenoma ,Animals ,Carcinoma ,Female ,Fibroadenoma ,Male ,Mammary Neoplasms ,Animal ,Pets ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Rats ,Retrospective Studies ,Rodent Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,Veterinary Sciences - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, histologic characteristics, concomitant abnormalities, and outcomes for various types of mammary gland tumors in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 100 client-owned rats. PROCEDURES Medical records of companion rats that had an SC mass and were examined at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed. Information regarding the signalment, age at mass detection, reproductive sterilization status, histologic diagnosis of the SC mass, location of the initial and all subsequent SC masses, treatments administered, and clinical outcomes was extracted from each record and summarized. RESULTS 105 SC masses were initially detected in 100 rats. The most prevalent SC mass identified was mammary gland fibroadenoma (56/105 [53%]), followed by mammary gland carcinoma (13/105 [12%]). Overall, 26 of 105 (25%) masses were malignant. Sexually intact males were more likely to have nonmammary SC tumors than sexually intact females. In rats receiving no adjunctive treatment after excision of a mammary gland fibroadenoma (n = 16), a second fibroadenoma was detected 1 to 8 months after initial excision, at a median of 4.5 months after surgery. A concomitant pituitary gland tumor was identified in most rats with mammary gland fibroadenoma (21/28 [75%]) and other types of mammary gland tumors (10/17 [59%]). Fourteen of 35 (40%) rats with mammary gland fibroadenoma had concomitant reproductive tract abnormalities. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that, like other species, companion rats with SC masses should undergo a thorough diagnostic workup that includes histologic examination of the excised mass.
- Published
- 2016
15. Late onset of pituitary apoplexy following gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for prostate cancer treatment
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Ghada Elshimy, Rishi Raj, Aasems Jacob, and Ricardo Correa
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Male ,Humans ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,Leuprolide ,Pituitary Apoplexy ,Aged - Abstract
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical condition characterised by a sudden increase in pituitary gland volume secondary to ischaemia and/or necrosis. Most cases occur in non-functioning pituitary adenoma but can also occur in functioning adenoma. Certain predisposing factors can result in PA and the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists for prostate cancer (PCa) is one such condition. Once diagnosed, both surgical and conservative management has been used for the treatment of PA. We present a case of a man in his late 50s who developed PA following treatment of PCa with leuprolide. His symptoms developed insidiously and he presented 6 months after symptom onset. Anterior pituitary hormone workup along with pituitary MRI confirmed the diagnosis of PA and patient was subsequently treated with adequate replacement of pituitary hormone with significant improvement in his symptoms. It is very important to keep a high index of suspicion for PA, especially among elderly patients receiving GnRH agonist treatment for PCa.
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- 2024
16. X-linked acrogigantism syndrome: clinical profile and therapeutic responses
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Beckers, Albert, Lodish, Maya Beth, Trivellin, Giampaolo, Rostomyan, Liliya, Lee, Misu, Faucz, Fabio R, Yuan, Bo, Choong, Catherine S, Caberg, Jean-Hubert, Verrua, Elisa, Naves, Luciana Ansaneli, Cheetham, Tim D, Young, Jacques, Lysy, Philippe A, Petrossians, Patrick, Cotterill, Andrew, Shah, Nalini Samir, Metzger, Daniel, Castermans, Emilie, Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria, Villa, Chiara, Strebkova, Natalia, Mazerkina, Nadia, Gaillard, Stéphan, Barra, Gustavo Barcelos, Casulari, Luis Augusto, Neggers, Sebastian J, Salvatori, Roberto, Jaffrain-Rea, Marie-Lise, Zacharin, Margaret, Santamaria, Beatriz Lecumberri, Zacharieva, Sabina, Lim, Ee Mun, Mantovani, Giovanna, Zatelli, Maria Chaira, Collins, Michael T, Bonneville, Jean-François, Quezado, Martha, Chittiboina, Prashant, Oldfield, Edward H, Bours, Vincent, Liu, Pengfei, W de Herder, Wouter, Pellegata, Natalia, Lupski, James R, Daly, Adrian F, and Stratakis, Constantine A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Brain Disorders ,Rare Diseases ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Acromegaly ,Adenoma ,Adolescent ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Chromosomes ,Human ,X ,Female ,Gigantism ,Humans ,Infant ,Male ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Young Adult ,gigantism ,X chromosome ,pituitary adenoma ,pediatric ,X-LAG syndrome ,GPR101 ,FIPA ,duplication ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Clinical sciences ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG) is a new syndrome of pituitary gigantism, caused by microduplications on chromosome Xq26.3, encompassing the gene GPR101, which is highly upregulated in pituitary tumors. We conducted this study to explore the clinical, radiological, and hormonal phenotype and responses to therapy in patients with X-LAG syndrome. The study included 18 patients (13 sporadic) with X-LAG and microduplication of chromosome Xq26.3. All sporadic cases had unique duplications and the inheritance pattern in two families was dominant, with all Xq26.3 duplication carriers being affected. Patients began to grow rapidly as early as 2-3 months of age (median 12 months). At diagnosis (median delay 27 months), patients had a median height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) of >+3.9 SDS. Apart from the increased overall body size, the children had acromegalic symptoms including acral enlargement and facial coarsening. More than a third of cases had increased appetite. Patients had marked hypersecretion of GH/IGF1 and usually prolactin, due to a pituitary macroadenoma or hyperplasia. Primary neurosurgical control was achieved with extensive anterior pituitary resection, but postoperative hypopituitarism was frequent. Control with somatostatin analogs was not readily achieved despite moderate to high levels of expression of somatostatin receptor subtype-2 in tumor tissue. Postoperative use of adjuvant pegvisomant resulted in control of IGF1 in all five cases where it was employed. X-LAG is a new infant-onset gigantism syndrome that has a severe clinical phenotype leading to challenging disease management.
- Published
- 2015
17. Is IGSF1 involved in human pituitary tumor formation?
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Faucz, Fabio, Horvath, Anelia, Azevedo, Monalisa, Levy, Isaac, Bak, Beata, Wang, Ying, Xekouki, Paraskevi, Szarek, Eva, Gourgari, Evgenia, Manning, Allison, de Alexandre, Rodrigo, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Trivellin, Giampaolo, Lodish, Maya, Hofman, Paul, Anderson, Yvonne, Holdaway, Ian, Oldfield, Edward, Chittiboina, Prashant, Nesterova, Maria, Biermasz, Nienke, Wit, Jan, Bernard, Daniel, and Stratakis, Constantine
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IGSF1 ,acromegaly ,gigantism ,growth hormone ,overgrowth ,pituitary tumor ,Acromegaly ,Animals ,Case-Control Studies ,Cell Line ,Female ,Germ-Line Mutation ,Gigantism ,HEK293 Cells ,Human Growth Hormone ,Humans ,Immunoglobulins ,Male ,Membrane Proteins ,Models ,Molecular ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Rats ,Transfection - Abstract
IGSF1 is a membrane glycoprotein highly expressed in the anterior pituitary. Pathogenic mutations in the IGSF1 gene (on Xq26.2) are associated with X-linked central hypothyroidism and testicular enlargement in males. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that IGSF1 is involved in the development of pituitary tumors, especially those that produce growth hormone (GH). IGSF1 was sequenced in 21 patients with gigantism or acromegaly and 92 healthy individuals. Expression studies with a candidate pathogenic IGSF1 variant were carried out in transfected cells and immunohistochemistry for IGSF1 was performed in the sections of GH-producing adenomas, familial somatomammotroph hyperplasia, and in normal pituitary. We identified the sequence variant p.N604T, which in silico analysis suggested could affect IGSF1 function, in two male patients and one female with somatomammotroph hyperplasia from the same family. Of 60 female controls, two carried the same variant and seven were heterozygous for other variants. Immunohistochemistry showed increased IGSF1 staining in the GH-producing tumor from the patient with the IGSF1 p.N604T variant compared with a GH-producing adenoma from a patient negative for any IGSF1 variants and with normal control pituitary tissue. The IGSF1 gene appears polymorphic in the general population. A potentially pathogenic variant identified in the germline of three patients with gigantism from the same family (segregating with the disease) was also detected in two healthy female controls. Variations in IGSF1 expression in pituitary tissue in patients with or without IGSF1 germline mutations point to the need for further studies of IGSF1 action in pituitary adenoma formation.
- Published
- 2015
18. Craniopharyngeal Canal and Its Spectrum of Pathology
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Abele, TA, Salzman, KL, Harnsberger, HR, and Glastonbury, CM
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Cancer ,Biomedical Imaging ,Rare Diseases ,Prevention ,Adenoma ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Craniopharyngioma ,Encephalocele ,Female ,Glioma ,Humans ,Hypopituitarism ,Infant ,Infant ,Newborn ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Retrospective Studies ,Sella Turcica ,Sphenoid Bone ,Teratoma ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,Young Adult ,Neurosciences ,Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ,Clinical sciences ,Physical chemistry - Abstract
Background and purposeThe craniopharyngeal canal is a rare, well-corticated defect through the midline of the sphenoid bone from the sellar floor to the anterosuperior nasopharyngeal roof. We reviewed a series of craniopharyngeal canals to determine a system of classification that might better our understanding of this entity, highlight the range of associated pathologic conditions, and optimize patient treatment.Materials and methodsAvailable MR imaging, CT, and clinical data (from 1989-2013) of 29 patients (10 female, 15 male, 4 unknown; median age, 4 years; age range, 1 day-65 years) with craniopharyngeal canals were retrospectively examined. Qualitative assessment included orthotopic or ectopic adenohypophysis and the presence of a tumor and/or cephalocele. The midpoint anteroposterior diameter was measured. Clinical and imaging data were evaluated for pituitary dysfunction and accompanying anomalies.ResultsCraniopharyngeal canals were qualitatively separated into 3 types: incidental canals (type 1); canals with ectopic adenohypophysis (type 2); and canals containing cephaloceles (type 3A), tumors (type 3B), or both (type 3C), including pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, dermoid, teratoma, and glioma. Quantitative evaluation showed a significant difference (P < .0001) in the anteroposterior diameters of type 1 canals (median, 0.8; range, 0.7-1.1 mm), type 2 canals (median, 3.9, range, 3.5-4.4 mm), and type 3 canals (median, 9.0; range, 5.9-31.0 mm) imparting small, medium, and large descriptors. Canals with cephaloceles all contained an ectopic adenohypophysis. The craniopharyngeal canals were associated with pituitary dysfunction (6/29) and congenital anomalies (8/29).ConclusionsAccurate diagnosis and classification of craniopharyngeal canals are valuable to characterize lesions requiring surgery, identify patients with potential pituitary dysfunction, and avoid iatrogenic hypopituitarism or CSF leak during surgical resection of nasopharyngeal masses.
- Published
- 2014
19. A systematic review of the results of surgery and radiotherapy on tumor control for pediatric craniopharyngioma
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Clark, Aaron J, Cage, Tene A, Aranda, Derick, Parsa, Andrew T, Sun, Peter P, Auguste, Kurtis I, and Gupta, Nalin
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Cancer ,Adolescent ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Craniopharyngioma ,Female ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant ,Newborn ,Male ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Radiotherapy ,Adjuvant ,Retrospective Studies ,Treatment Outcome ,Surgery ,Extent of resection ,Tumor control ,Radiotherapy ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Clinical sciences ,Neurosciences - Abstract
ObjectiveCraniopharyngiomas are rare tumors with bimodal incidence in the pediatric and adult age groups. Treatment strategies range from aggressive resection to planned limited resection combined with adjuvant therapies. Currently there is no consensus for standard of care for pediatric craniopharyngioma.Materials and methodsWe performed a systematic review of the published literature on pediatric craniopharyngioma. Patients were grouped based on extent of resection into gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and biopsy procedures. These groups were compared with respect to tumor control. Chi square was used to compare rates of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier was used to generate progression-free survival (PFS) estimates. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate risk of progression. Each extent of resection group was also subdivided based on adjuvant therapy and compared.ResultsA total of 109 studies described extent of resection resulting in a cohort of 531 patients. Recurrence data were available for 377 patients. There was no difference in 1- or 5-year PFS between the groups who underwent GTR and STR combined with radiation (XRT; log-rank; p = 0.76; 1-year PFS 89 vs 84%; 5-year PFS 77 vs 73%, respectively). One-year PFS was 84% for STR+XRT compared to 76% for STR alone while 5-year PFS was 73% for STR+XRT compared to 43% for STR alone (log-rank; p = 0.003).ConclusionAlthough there are limitations of a systematic review of retrospective data, our results suggest that STR+XRT of pediatric craniopharyngioma is associated with similar rates of tumor control as GTR.
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- 2013
20. The metabolic role of prolactin: systematic review, meta-analysis and preclinical considerations
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Giovanni Corona, Giulia Rastrelli, Paolo Comeglio, Federica Guaraldi, Diego Mazzatenta, Alessandra Sforza, Linda Vignozzi, and Mario Maggi
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Male ,Hyperprolactinemia ,Pregnancy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Humans ,Female ,Prolactinoma ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prolactin - Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia has been proven to induce hypogonadism and metabolic derangements in both genders, while the consequences of prolactin (PRL) deficiency have been poorly investigated.To systematically review and analyze data from clinical studies focusing on the metabolic consequences of abnormally high prolactin levels (HPRL) and low prolactin levels (LPRL). In addition, data from preclinical studies about underlying pathophysiological mechanisms were summarized and discussed.PRL contributes to providing the correct amount of energy to support the mother and the fetus/offspring during pregnancy and lactation, but it also has a homeostatic role. Pathological PRL elevation beyond these physiological conditions, but also its reduction, impairs metabolism and body composition in both genders, increasing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. Hence, hypoprolactinemia should be avoided as much as possible during treatment with dopamine agonists for prolactinomas. Patients with hypoprolactinemia, because of endogenous or iatrogenic conditions, deserve, as those with hyperprolactinemia, careful metabolic assessment.
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- 2022
21. Endocrinologic, neurologic, and visual morbidity after treatment for craniopharyngioma
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Sughrue, Michael E, Yang, Isaac, Kane, Ari J, Fang, Shanna, Clark, Aaron J, Aranda, Derrick, Barani, Igor J, and Parsa, Andrew T
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Craniopharyngioma ,Endocrine System Diseases ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant ,Newborn ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Morbidity ,Neoplasm Recurrence ,Local ,Nervous System Diseases ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Radiosurgery ,Retrospective Studies ,Survival Rate ,Treatment Outcome ,Vision Disorders ,Young Adult ,Surgery ,Radiotherapy ,Neurosciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas are locally aggressive tumors which typically are focused in the sellar and suprasellar region near a number of critical neural and vascular structures mediating endocrinologic, behavioral, and visual functions. The present study aims to summarize and compare the published literature regarding morbidity resulting from treatment of craniopharyngioma. We performed a comprehensive search of the published English language literature to identify studies publishing outcome data of patients undergoing surgery for craniopharyngioma. Comparisons of the rates of endocrine, vascular, neurological, and visual complications were performed using Pearson's chi-squared test, and covariates of interest were fitted into a multivariate logistic regression model. In our data set, 540 patients underwent surgical resection of their tumor. 138 patients received biopsy alone followed by some form of radiotherapy. Mean overall follow-up for all patients in these studies was 54 ± 1.8 months. The overall rate of new endocrinopathy for all patients undergoing surgical resection of their mass was 37% (95% CI = 33-41). Patients receiving GTR had over 2.5 times the rate of developing at least one endocrinopathy compared to patients receiving STR alone or STR + XRT (52 vs. 19 vs. 20%, χ(2) P < 0.00001). On multivariate analysis, GTR conferred a significant increase in the risk of endocrinopathy compared to STR + XRT (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.05-5.81, P < 0.00001), after controlling for study size and the presence of significant hypothalamic involvement. There was a statistical trend towards worse visual outcomes in patients receiving XRT after STR compared to GTR or STR alone (GTR = 3.5% vs. STR 2.1% vs. STR + XRT 6.4%, P = 0.11). Given the difficulty in obtaining class 1 data regarding the treatment of this tumor, this study can serve as an estimate of expected outcomes for these patients, and guide decision making until these data are available.
- Published
- 2011
22. Long term outcome following repeat transsphenoidal surgery for recurrent endocrine-inactive pituitary adenomas.
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Chang, Edward F, Sughrue, Michael E, Zada, Gabriel, Wilson, Charles B, Blevins, Lewis S, and Kunwar, Sandeep
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Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Neoplasm Recurrence ,Local ,Treatment Outcome ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adenomas ,Recurrent ,Outcome ,Transsphenoidal ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
It is widely accepted that the standard first-line treatment for most endocrine inactive pituitary macroadenomas (EIA) is surgery, usually via a transsphenoidal approach. What is less clear is what approach to take when these tumors recur, especially when this recurrence involves areas which are difficult to surgically remove tumor from, such as the suprasellar region or cavernous sinuses. We present long term follow-up for a series of 81 patients who underwent repeat surgery for recurrent non-secreting pituitary adenomas. We analyzed data collected from all adult patients undergoing their second microsurgical transsphenoidal resection of a histologically proven endocrine-inactive pituitary adenoma at the University of California at San Francisco between January 1970 and March 2001. Data for these patients were collected by review of medical records, mail, and/or telephone interviews. Visual function, anterior pituitary function, and tumor control rates were analyzed for the series. Records were available for a total of 81 recurrent EIA patients. The median time between their initial and repeat operations was 4.1 years. The mean tumor size was 2.2 +/- 0.2 cm. A total of 35/81 patients had greater than 5 years of follow-up. A total of 24/81 patients had greater than 10 years of follow-up. Over one half of these patients presented with visual disturbance, and we found that 39% of these patients experienced improved vision with a second surgery. More importantly, no one with normal vision suffered any appreciable decline in vision. Approximately, 35% of patients with pre-operative anterior pituitary dysfunction recovered function after surgery in our series; and no patient's function worsened. A total of 4/52 (8%) patients with greater than 2 years of post-op follow-up experienced a clinically meaningful tumor recurrence requiring additional treatment. Our data suggest that when performed by experienced transsphenoidal surgeons, durable tumor control can be obtained in these frequently locally aggressive tumors with acceptable rates of post-operative morbidity.
- Published
- 2010
23. Epigenomic and somatic mutations of pituitary tumors with clinical and pathological correlations in 111 patients
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Federica Guaraldi, Luca Morandi, Matteo Zoli, Diego Mazzatenta, Alberto Righi, Stefania Evangelisti, Francesca Ambrosi, Caterina Tonon, Caterina Giannini, Ricardo V. Lloyd, Sofia Asioli, Guaraldi, Federica, Morandi, Luca, Zoli, Matteo, Mazzatenta, Diego, Righi, Alberto, Evangelisti, Stefania, Ambrosi, Francesca, Tonon, Caterina, Giannini, Caterina, Lloyd, Ricardo V, and Asioli, Sofia
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Male ,Epigenomics ,recurrence ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,pituitary neuroendocrine tumour ,Neuroendocrine Tumors ,MicroRNAs ,Endocrinology ,Mutation ,methylation profile ,Humans ,adenoma ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,RNA, Long Noncoding ,somatic mutation ,prognosi ,Transcription Factors ,Molecular Chaperones - Abstract
Objective To profile clinically non-aggressive and aggressive pituitary adenomas (PAs)/pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) and pituitary carcinomas for somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations of genes involved in cell proliferation/differentiation, microRNAs (miRNA)/long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)-post-transcriptional regulators and therapy targets. Design Retrospective observational study. Patients and Measurements A total of 64 non-aggressive and 41 aggressive PAs/PitNETs and 6 pituitary carcinomas treated by endoscopic surgery with >= 1-year follow-up were included. Somatic mutations of 17 genes and DNA methylation of 22 genes were assessed. Ten normal pituitaries were used as control. Results We found at least one mutation in 17 tumours, including 6/64 non-aggressive, 10/41 aggressive PAs/PitNETs, and 1/6 pituitary carcinoma. AIP (N = 6) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by NOTCH (4), and TP53 (3). Hypermethylation of PARP15, LINC00599, ZAP70 was more common in aggressive than non-aggressive PAs/PITNETs (p < .05). Lower levels of methylation of AIP, GNAS and PDCD1 were detected in aggressive PAs/PITNETs than non-aggressive ones (p < .05). For X-linked genes, males presented higher level of methylation of FLNA, UXT and MAGE family (MAGEA11, MAGEA1, MAGEC2) genes in aggressive vs. non-aggressive PAs/PITNETs (p < .05). In pituitary carcinomas, methylation of autosomal genes PARP15, LINC00599, MIR193 and ZAP70 was higher than in PAs/PITNETs, while X-linked genes methylation level was lower. Conclusions Somatic mutations and methylation levels of genes involved in cell proliferation/differentiation, miRNA/LncRNA-post-transcriptional regulators and targets of antineoplastic therapies are different in non-aggressive and in aggressive PAs/PitNETs. Methylation profile also varies according to gender. Combined genetic-epigenetic analysis, in association with clinico-radiological-pathological data, may be of help in predicting PA/PitNET behaviour.
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- 2022
24. Epidemiological and clinical profiles of Saudi patients with hyperprolactinemia in a single tertiary care center
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Moeber Mahzari, Khalid Saad Alhamlan, Nawaf Abdulaziz Alhussaini, Turki Abdullah Alkathiri, Abdulmohsen Nasser Al Khatir, Abdulaziz Mohammed Alqahtani, and Emad Fayez Masuadi
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Adult ,Male ,Cabergoline ,Saudi Arabia ,General Medicine ,Prolactin ,Hyperprolactinemia ,Tertiary Care Centers ,Young Adult ,Erectile Dysfunction ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolactin is a hormone of the pituitary gland whose main function is the production of milk. Hyperprolactinemia is defined as an increase in prolactin levels above 25 μg/L in women and 20 μg/L in men. Causes of hyperprolactinemia include pituitary tumors, especially prolactinomas. Hyperprolactinemia can manifest clinically with a variety of symptoms, including galactorrhea and menstrual irregularities in women and erectile dysfunction in men. There are limited data on the epidemiology of hyperprolactinemia in the Middle East region. OBJECTIVES: Description of the epidemiology and clinical features of hyperprolactinemia in a cohort from Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Medical record review SETTING: Tertiary medical center in Riyadh PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included adult patients with hyperprolactinemia in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. The patients were treated in endocrinology clinics from 2015 to 2019. Patients of both sexes older than 14 years were enrolled in the study. Patients with insufficient follow-up were excluded. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, symptoms, prolactin level, cause of high prolactin level, and treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The frequency of different etiologies and symptoms in patients with hyperprolactinemia. SAMPLE SIZE: 295 patients RESULTS: The majority of patients with hyperprolactinemia were female 256 (86.8%). Hyperprolactinemia was diagnosed more frequently in patients in the age groups 21–30 years (42.6%) and 31–40 years (24.1%). The majority of the study population was obese or overweight: 136 (46.3%) and 74 (25.2%), respectively. Most of the cases were symptomatic (192, 65.1%). In women, the most common symptom was oligomenorrhea (35%). In men, infertility and erectile dysfunction were the most common clinical symptoms (50% and 44.7%, respectively). Idiopathic causes were the most common etiology (108, 36.6%), followed by pituitary adenomas (81, 27.5%). The majority of patients were treated (184,62.4%), with cabergoline being the most commonly used medication (173, 94.0%). CONCLUSION: The demographic and clinical presentations and causes of hyperprolactinemia in male and female Saudi patients were similar to that in studies in other populations. LIMITATIONS: Single-center retrospective chart review study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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- 2022
25. Pituitary apoplexy in the aftermath of a SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series from Amiens University Hospital
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Joe Balmain, Meshal Jarebi, Abdallah Al-Salameh, Patrick Toussaint, Marine Timmerman, Louis Chenin, Jean-Marc Constans, and Rachel Desailloud
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Adult ,Male ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Hypopituitarism ,Hospitals, University ,Endocrinology ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Pandemics ,Pituitary Apoplexy ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Objective Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of pituitary apoplexy (PA) following a SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in several countries. Here, we describe a case series of PA occurring in the aftermath of a SARS-CoV-2 infection to alert physicians about possible neuro-endocrinological damage caused by the virus that can lead to visual sequelae and hypopituitarism. Design and methods We retrospectively identified all the adult patients treated at Amiens University Hospital between March 2020 and May 2021 for PA confirmed by cerebral imaging and following an RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Eight cases (six women, two men) occurred between March 2020 and May 2021 and were reviewed in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.5 ± 9.8 years. Only one patient had a ‘known’ non-functional pituitary macroadenoma. The most common symptom of PA was a sudden headache. Brain imaging was typical in all cases. Only two patients required decompression surgery, whereas the others were managed conservatively. The clinical outcome was favorable for all patients but without recovery of their pituitary deficiencies. There was no diabetes insipidus. Conclusion This case series, the largest in the literature, reinforces the strength, consistency, and coherence of the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and PA. Our study provides support for the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 may be a new precipitating factor for PA. It is essential that practitioners be alerted about possible pituitary disease due to the virus so that such patients are recognized and appropriately managed, hence improving their prognosis.
- Published
- 2022
26. Cardiac myxoma presenting with multisystem involvement
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Ghofran A, Ageely, Salhah S, Alsulami, Ahad A, Alkenani, and Ebtihal Ems, Albeshri
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Heart Neoplasms ,Male ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,Carney Complex ,Myxoma ,Pituitary Apoplexy ,Aged - Abstract
A cardiac myxoma is a rare tumor that could be incidental or present with common symptoms due to embolization. A minority of cases are attributed to carney complex, a rare inherited disease. A 73-year-old Asian male presented with acute left-side weakness, slurred speech, gait imbalance, and subacute constitutional symptoms. Left atrial myxoma was discovered by computed tomography and confirmed by echocardiography. Brain imaging revealed pituitary macroadenoma with subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrages. The hormonal profile confirmed pituitary apoplexy, for which hormone replacement was initiated. Workup also revealed multiple endocrine tumors and excluded infection and malignancy. Myxoma resection could not be carried out, due to the patient's rapid clinical deterioration and death.Furthermore, the presence of cardiac myxoma, non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas, and pituitary apoplexy is extremely rare and rarely documented in the literature. Therefore, we emphasize clinical awareness of rare conditions with atypical presentations to improve outcomes.
- Published
- 2022
27. Incidence and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Benign Pituitary Tumors Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database
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Xiaohong, Guo, Yi, Wu, and Junkang, Fang
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Adenoma ,Male ,Incidence ,Soft Tissue Neoplasms ,Prognosis ,Skull Base Neoplasms ,Craniopharyngioma ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Retrospective Studies ,SEER Program - Abstract
To study the incidence and prognostic factors of patients with benign pituitary tumors based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with benign pituitary tumors reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2016, who presented completed demographic and clinical data, were included in our study. The age-adjusted incidence rate was calculated and stratified by year at diagnosis, age, gender, and the pathological type of benign pituitary tumor. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regressions to determine the factors associated with overall survival.A total of 29,967 patients were included in the study, of whom 26,691 (89.07%) survived and 3276 (10.93%) died. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased from 3.15 per 100,000 person-years in 2004 to 4.66 per 100,000 person-years in 2011 (annual percent change = 5.51, P0.001), and the subsequent growth trend from 2011 to 2016 was not statistically significant (annual percent change = 0.26, P = 0.711). Most patients were female, aged 60-79 years, and pituitary adenomas accounted for the main proportion of the incidence of benign pituitary tumors. Surgery was associated with the overall survival on the multivariable Cox regression model (hazard ratio = 0.677, 95% confidential interval: 0.629-0.727) and Kaplan-Meier curves, especially in pituitary adenoma. Radiation was not associated with the overall survival of benign pituitary tumor.The overall incidence of benign pituitary tumors was low but showed an increasing trend. Surgery may be beneficial to the prognosis. It should be noted that benign pituitary tumors may not require excessive treatment, such as radiation.
- Published
- 2022
28. Predicting hypogonadotropic hypogonadism persistence in male macroprolactinoma
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Yaron Rudman, Hadar Duskin-Bitan, Hiba Masri-Iraqi, Amit Akirov, and Ilan Shimon
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Male ,Adult ,Cabergoline ,Hypogonadism ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Middle Aged ,Hypopituitarism ,Prolactin ,Endocrinology ,Humans ,Prolactinoma ,Testosterone ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Purpose:To study the baseline characteristics predicting hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) persistence in men with macroprolactinoma that achieved prolactin normalization.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Male patients diagnosed with macroprolactinoma and HH that received cabergoline treatment with subsequent prolactin normalization were included: men that achieved eugonadism, and men that remained hypogonadal. Patient’s demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters, sellar imaging and visual fields tests were obtained. Univariate and multivariate models were used to identify predictors of HH persistence.Results:Fifty-eight male patients (age, 49.2±12.6 years) with a median baseline prolactin of 1154 ng/mL (IQR, 478-2763 ng/mL) and adenoma (maximal) diameter of 25.9±14.8 mm were followed for a median of 5.6 years (IQR, 3.0-10.7). Twelve men (21%) suffered from HH persistence at the end of follow-up and 46 men achieved eugonadism. Forty-two out of 46 men (91%) accomplished eugonadism within the first year following prolactin normalization.In a multivariate logistic regression model, hypopituitarism (OR=10.1; 95% CI 1.10 – 101.94), visual field defect (OR=9.9; 95% CI 1.07 – 92.33), and low baseline testosterone levels (OR=0.5; 95% CI 0.29 – 0.93) were independent predictors of HH persistence.Conclusion:In our cohort of men with macroprolactinoma that reached prolactin normalization with cabergoline treatment, 21% had HH persistence. Pituitary hormone deficiency, visual field defects, and low baseline testosterone levels were independently associated with HH persistence. 91% of men achieved eugonadism within the first year following prolactin normalization. These findings may support informed clinical decision-making regarding the initiation of testosterone replacement in men with macroprolactinomas.
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- 2022
29. Craniopharyngiomas Invading the Ventricular System: A Systematic Review
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PAOLO PALMISCIANO, KURTIS YOUNG, MAYA OGASAWARA, OMID YOUSEFI, CHRISTIAN OGASAWARA, GIANLUCA FERINI, OTHMAN BIN-ALAMER, MAYUR SHARMA, GIUSEPPE E. UMANA, KENNY YU, AARON A. COHEN-GADOL, TAREK Y. EL AHMADIEH, and ALI S. HAIDER
- Subjects
Male ,Craniopharyngioma ,Cancer Research ,Treatment Outcome ,Oncology ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,Hypopituitarism ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas involving the ventricular system are rare but pose significant surgical challenges. We systematically reviewed the literature on craniopharyngiomas invading the ventricles (CP-V).PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched to include studies reporting clinical data of patients with CP-Vs. Clinico-radiological features, management, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.We included 73 studies encompassing 407 patients. Patients were mostly male (61.5%), presenting with headache (57.9%) and/or endocrine disorders (52.1%). CP-Vs mostly involved the third ventricle (96.3%), followed by the lateral ventricles (2.9%), and the fourth ventricle (1%). Tumors had cystic components in 59% of cases and were mostly adamantinomatous (70.8%). Open resection was performed in 232 cases (57%), mostly with trans-lamina terminalis (36.6%) and trans-callosal (31.9%) approaches. Endoscopic resection was performed in 169 cases (41.5%), mostly with trans-sphenoidal (74.6%) and transventricular (24.9%) approaches. Gross-total tumor resection was obtained in most cases (62.9%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered in 22.8% cases. A total of 178 patients experienced persistent complications, mostly including diabetes insipidus (47.1%) and panhypopituitarism (12.7%), not significantly different after open versus endoscopic resection (p=0.117). Symptom improvement was obtained in 88% of cases. CP-Vs recurrences were reported in 94 patients (23.1%), with median progression-free survival of 13.5 months (range=0.5-252.0 months). Fifty-nine patients died (14.5%), with median overall survival of 32.0 months (range=0.5-252.0 months), significantly longer after endoscopic resection than open resection (p=0.019).CP-Vs are uncommon and challenging entities. Surgical resection is feasible, but patient-tailored selection of open/endoscopic approaches is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes and minimize complication risks.
- Published
- 2022
30. Multiple tumorous lesions of the pituitary gland
- Author
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Markus Glatzel, Wolfgang Saeger, Jannik von Schöning, Ulrich J. Knappe, Dieter K. Lüdecke, Michael Buchfelder, Rof Buslei, Jörg Flitsch, Rundolph Fahlbusch, Jochen Herms, Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, and Markus Bergmann
- Subjects
Male ,Adenoma ,Inflammation ,Pituitary gland ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cysts ,business.industry ,Pituitary Diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ,Neuroendocrine Tumors ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pituitary Gland ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
Purpose/Objective Multiple tumorous lesions in one pituitary gland are rare and mostly described in case reports. Their incidences and combinations are defined in larger collectives. Therefore, we analyzed our large collection for double tumors and combinations of tumors, cysts, and inflammation. Methods The German Registry of Pituitary Tumors, including cases from 1990 to 2018, served as the database. Our collection comprises a total of 16,283 cases up until the end of 2018. Of these cases, 12,673 originated from surgical and 3,610 from autopsy material. All specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and PAS. Monoclonal (prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH, and α subunit) or polyclonal (GH and ACTH) antibodies were used to detect pituitary hormones in the lesions. Since 2017, antibodies against the transcription factors Pit-1, T-Pit, and SF-1 have been used in difficult cases. The criteria of the 2017 WHO classification have been basic principles for classification since 2018 (Osamura et al. 2017). For differentiation of other sellar tumors, such as meningiomas, chordomas, or metastases, the use of additional antibodies was necessary. For these cases, it was possible to use a broad antibody spectrum. Autopsy pituitaries were generally studied by H&E and PAS sections. If any lesions were demonstrated in these specimens, additional immunostaining was performed. Results Multiple tumorous lesions with more than one pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) respectively adenoma make up 1.4% (232 cases) in our collection. Within the selected cases, synchronous multiple pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) account for 17.3%, PANCH cases (pituitary adenoma with neuronal choristoma) for 14.7%, PitNETs and posterior lobe tumors for 2.2%, PitNETs and metastases for 5.2%, PitNETs and mesenchymal tumors for 2.6%, PitNETs and cysts for 52.2%, and PitNETs and primary inflammation for 6.0%. The mean patient age was 53.8 years, with a standard deviation of 18.5 years. A total of 55.3% of the patients were female and 44.7% were male. From 1990 to 2018, there was a continuous increase in the number of multiple tumorous lesions. Conclusion From our studies, we conclude that considering possible tumorous double lesions during surgeries and in preoperative X-ray analyses is recommended.
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- 2022
31. Pituitary apoplexy and associated cranial nerve palsies secondary to bleeding caused by immune thrombocytopaenia in a patient with known pituitary macroadenoma
- Author
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Sam Myers, Christopher Ambrose, Sruthi Sarma, and Ritwick Banerjee
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary disorder ,Optic chiasm ,Context (language use) ,Hemorrhage ,Case Report ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Hydrocortisone ,Geriatrics ,Aged, 80 and over ,Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ,business.industry ,Pituitary apoplexy ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Thrombocytopenia ,Surgery ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Platelet transfusion ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neurosurgery ,business ,Pituitary Apoplexy ,medicine.drug - Abstract
An 84-year-old man presented with a frontal headache and easy bruising. He had a background history of a pituitary macroadenoma, diagnosed incidentally a year earlier. Investigations showed haemorrhage into the pituitary macroadenoma leading to a diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy in the context of low platelet count secondary to immune thrombocytopaenia. He was treated with intravenous hydrocortisone, platelet transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose steroid. Neurosurgical intervention was not indicated initially. Five days into his admission, he developed bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. MRI confirmed further haemorrhage associated with compression of the optic chiasm. He was transferred to a tertiary neurosurgical centre where he underwent urgent surgical decompression. To date, there has been minor improvement in his neurological symptoms. Management of this patient required considerable multidisciplinary teamwork between the clinics of endocrinology, haematology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology and geriatrics.
- Published
- 2023
32. Paraneoplastic cast nephropathy associated with malignant prolactinoma: A case report and literature review
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Maha, Mohamed, Alison, Brown, Katrina, Wood, and Edwin, Wong
- Subjects
Male ,Nephrology ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prolactinoma ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prolactin - Abstract
Malignant prolactinomas are very rare and are diagnosed when a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma has metastasized. We report on a 54-year-old man with a history of macroprolactinoma transforming into a pituitary carcinoma secreting both prolactin and growth hormone with metastases to the stomach, bone, lungs, retroperitoneum, and kidney. Reviewing the literature, this case is the first reporting of a pituitary carcinoma with biopsy-proven paraneoplastic cast nephropathy. Symptoms and renal function improved following a course of palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. After 2 years, his disease progressed requiring further palliative treatment that was complicated by severe chest sepsis. He was not fit for further chemotherapy, receiving symptomatic relief in a hospice, and died soon after. The case highlights the importance of considering a patient's past medical history in the context of persistent unexplained renal impairment and systemic metastases when unexplained systemic symptoms and multi-organ involvement is present. The importance of renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis and before using potentially nephrotoxic chemotherapy is also highlighted. Renal diagnosis helped inform the decision to give chemotherapy, with the importance of this evidenced by an improvement in renal function following chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2022
33. Resistant prolactinomas: a case series of 26 patients
- Author
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Tamar Eshkoli, Merav Fraenkel, Dana Zaid, Dayana Cohen, Uri Yoel, Gloria Tsvetov, Alexander Gorshtein, Adi Goldbart, Yona Greenman, and Ilan Shimon
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Cabergoline ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Middle Aged ,Prolactin ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology ,Dopamine Agonists ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prolactinoma ,Ergolines ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors are the most common functional pituitary adenomas. They usually respond to dopamine agonist (DA) treatment, with PRL normalization and adenoma shrinkage. Our aim was to characterize patients with prolactinoma resistant to DA treatment.This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with DA-resistant prolactinomas between 1993-2017 in three medical centers. Resistance was defined as PRL levels above three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) despite a weekly dose of ≥2 mg cabergoline (CAB). Clinical and biochemical information, and response to treatment, were retrieved from medical records.Twenty-six patients were identified; 20 males. Of 25 macroadenomas, three were giant tumors (40 mm) and 15 (57.7%) were invasive. The mean age at diagnosis was 31.8 ± 14.9 years (range: 13-62). The median maximal CAB dose was 3.5 mg/week (IQR, 2.5-5). Half the patients received only CAB in escalating doses, nine received CAB and underwent transsphenoidal surgery, and four underwent surgery and radiotherapy in addition to CAB treatment. PRL levels at baseline between patients treated only with CAB and those operated were (91.6 [51.1-296.7] vs. 73.1 [22.6-170.9] XULN p = 0.355), and under maximal CAB dose PRL levels between patients treated only with CAB and those operated were similar (5.77 [1.27-11.27] vs 5.27 (2.9-26) XULN p = 0.317). At the last visit patients who received combined therapy achieved lower PRL levels than those treated with DA only (5.22 [1.7-21.6] vs 1.1 [0.44-3.99] XULN p = 0.017) PRL normalization was attained in seven patients and levels below 3 × ULN in fourteen patients; the overall response was 56%.Resistant prolactinomas usually require a multi-modal treatment strategy. We were able to control 14/25 (56%) of resistant tumors.
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- 2022
34. A comparison of macular ganglion cell and retinal nerve fibre layer optical coherence tomographic parameters as predictors of visual outcomes of surgery for pituitary tumours
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Joos Meyer, Ibrahima Diouf, James King, Kate Drummond, Stan Stylli, Andrew Kaye, Tomas Kalincik, Helen Danesh-Meyer, and R. C. Andrew Symons
- Subjects
Male ,Retinal Ganglion Cells ,Nerve Fibers ,Endocrinology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Middle Aged ,Tomography, Optical Coherence - Abstract
The prognostic value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macular ganglion cell layer (mGGL) versus peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layers (pRNFL) following chiasmal decompression is unclear. This study is the largest comparison of the two parameters to date and aims to clarify how their performance as covariates compare in predictive models of long-term visual outcomes following pituitary or parasellar tumour surgical resection.This was a prospective, two-year, longitudinal cohort study in a single centre tertiary hospital setting. Participants with MRI evidence of pituitary or parasellar tumour compression of the optic chiasm who underwent surgical decompression, were enrolled. Associations between pre-operative OCT parameters and long-term visual outcomes were assessed using multivariable generalised linear mixed models and an age matched normative database.Final analysis included 216 eyes of 108 participants with a mean age (standard deviation) of 51.6 (17.04) years, of whom 58 (49%) were female. The superior inner mGCL was the best predictor of long-term visual field recovery, with an area under the curve of 0.90, a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 86%, and negative predictive value of 83%.mGCL performed better in predicting long-term visual field recovery post-pituitary or parasellar surgical resection. The superior inner mGCL was the best specific measure which may provide clinical utility in pre-operative counselling. In this study we clarify previously variable comparisons of mGCL and pRNFL parameters in post-operative predictive modelling.
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- 2022
35. Dopamine agonist for the rapid improvement of visual field defects in giant and macro-prolactinomas
- Author
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H, Hacisahinogullari, S, Canturk, S, Dogansen, and S, Yarman
- Subjects
Male ,Ophthalmology ,Cabergoline ,Dopamine Agonists ,Vision Disorders ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prolactinoma ,Visual Fields ,Bromocriptine ,Prolactin ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
To evaluate effect of first-line dopamine agonist (DA) therapy as an alternative to surgery for visual field defect (VFD) recovery in giant and macro-prolactinoma.In this retrospective study, 125 patients with giant and macro-prolactinoma, except those with a history of previous surgery or radiotherapy, were evaluated. Those who underwent visual field examinations using the Humphrey Visual Field analyser upon initial assessment and after treatment were included for analysis. Twelve patients with VFD were included. The effects of DA therapy on both VFD and tumor size were evaluated within the first three months.There were twelve patients analysed: three females and nine males, five giant and seven macroprolactinomas; eight patients received cabergoline (CAB) and four patients received bromocriptine (BRC). The mean adenoma diameter was 35±13mm (range 15-60), and the mean PRL level was 3,523ng/dL (range 312-11,703). Eight patients (67%) complained of blurred vision, while four patients (33%) reported no visual symptoms. After a median duration of three weeks, the VFD completely resolved in ten patients (83%) but only partially improved in two (17%). The mean initial doses of CAB and BRC that provided VFD improvement were 0.5±0.2mg/week and 6.3±1.4mg/day, respectively. After a mean duration of 2.2±0.9months, the mean decrease in adenoma size was 43.6±24.5% (range 10-95%).The use of DA as a first-line treatment for at least one month before deciding on surgery is recommended in giant and macro-prolactinomas with VFD. Surgery should be considered only in cases with DA resistance or persistent visual impairment despite medical therapy.
- Published
- 2022
36. Ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma masquerading as metastatic head and neck cancer
- Author
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Jian Li Tan, Alvin Yong Quan Soon, Bundele Manish, and Augustine Yui Ler Chai
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sphenoid Sinus ,Case Report ,Salivary duct carcinoma ,Metastatic carcinoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clivus ,Pituitary adenoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Sinus (anatomy) ,Aged ,Fluorodeoxyglucose ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Chordoma ,Radiology ,business ,Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A 68-year-old Chinese man was found to have a lobular mass in the sphenoid sinus which extended to the clivus and the roof of the nasopharynx on a staging MRI scan performed for his high-grade parotid salivary duct carcinoma. Further positron emission tomography scan showed that this lesion was fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid. This proved to be a diagnostic dilemma. The patient underwent a total parotidectomy, left selective neck dissection and a transphenoidal biopsy of his nasal lesion. Final histology revealed that this lesion was a synchronous ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma (ESSPA). Initial differential diagnoses that were considered included a chordoma, metastatic carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, an important differential with a neoplastic appearance and a tendency for positive FDG uptake is an ESSPA. It requires dedicated immunohistochemical staining to diagnose, and its mainstay of treatment is surgical excision.
- Published
- 2023
37. Demographic and socioeconomic disparities of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas in the United States
- Author
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Arash Ghaffari – Rafi, Rana Mehdizadeh, Shadeh Ghaffari-Rafi, Jose Antonio Castillo, Freddie Yamel Rodriguez-Beato, and Jose Leon-Rojas
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Carcinoma ,General Medicine ,United States ,Social Class ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Aged - Abstract
Growth of some pituitary tumors is driven by hormones which vary in concentration along the lines of patient socioeconomic status. Thus, pituitary tumors may exhibit disparities in incidence upon stratification by socioeconomic variables. Exploring for these disparities could provide direction in tumor etiology elucidation and identification of healthcare inequalities.To investigate pituitary adenoma and carcinoma incidence (per 100,000) with respect to sex, age, income, residence, and race/ethnicity, we searched the largest American administrative dataset (1997-2016), the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), which surveys 20% of United States (US) discharges.Annual national incidence was 2.80 for adenomas and 0.046 for carcinomas. For adenomas, males had an incidence of 2.63, similar (p = 0.17) to females at 2.78; likewise, for carcinomas, males had a statistically equivalent (p = 0.24) incidence at 0.051 to females at 0.041. Amongst age groups, for adenomas incidence progressively rose, peaking 65-84 years old (6.12), before declining. For adenomas and carcinomas respectively, patients with low income had an incidence of 2.66 and 0.044, similar (p = 0.11; p = 0.72) to the 3.01 and 0.041 of middle/high income patients. Incidence was greatest for adenomas amongst urban centers (3.47), followed by rural (3.16) and suburban (3.01) communities. Examining race/ethnicity (p = 0.0000016), for adenomas, incidences amongst Blacks, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Whites were as follows, respectively: 3.64, 2.57, 2.54, 2.44. Annually, incidence for adenomas was increasing (τ = 0.63, p = 0.00021), but decreasing (τ = -0.60, p = 0.00085) for carcinomas. Specifically, for carcinomas incidence was only decreasing for females and the middle/high income.In the US, time-enduring healthcare disparities were identified for pituitary adenomas and carcinomas, against the background of sociodemographic strata. For carcinomas, annual incidence was declining only for middle/high income patients and females, which supporting prior investigations that low income patients and males are experiencing barriers to definitive treatment for pituitary adenomas. Incidence was also found to be greatest Blacks and urban residents.
- Published
- 2022
38. Pituitary Macroadenoma: Fooling the Ophthalmologist before Giving Him the Role of the Whistle-Blower
- Author
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Lara, Tran, Ioannis, Papasavvas, and Carl P, Herbort
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Male ,Ophthalmology ,Delayed Diagnosis ,Ophthalmologists ,Humans ,Visual Field Tests ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms - Abstract
To describe cases diagnosed with pituitary macroadenoma during the follow-up of their primary ocular pathologies.Charts of patients followed in the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care for diverse pathologies and who had subsequently developed a pituitary macroadenoma were retrieved. The primary pathologies were noted. The delay of the diagnosis after sufficiently compatible perimetric signs became available was calculated and the evolution after the neurosurgical intervention was reported.In total, from 2003 to 2020, 16/14 966 (0.1%) pituitary macroadenoma patients were recorded. In 10 patients, the disease was noted in their history. In 6 patients (2 females, 4 males; 0.04%), macroadenoma occurred during the follow-up for their primary ocular pathologies. Mean age at first presentation was 65.16 ± 8.52 years. Primary pathologies included amblyopia (1), glaucoma (2), cataract (4), and uveitis (2). Mean duration of symptoms was 18.17 ± 13.11 months. Mean delay from first suspicious visual field signs to diagnosis was 125 ± 207.93 days. All patients underwent one surgical treatment with or without radiotherapy except one where a second intervention was required. All patients have seen their visual field improve after surgical intervention. Mean preoperative Mean defect (MD) was 13.43 ± 8.68 dB OD and 13.4 ± 5.07 dB OS. Mean postoperative MD was 8.2 ± 10.27 dB OD and 5.42 ± 4.12 dB OS.Pituitary macroadenomas are prone to be missed or diagnosed with delay when ophthalmic patients are already followed for another pathology that prevents the clinician from diligently evoking the diagnosis. Despite profound visual field loss, visual recovery was almost complete in 4/6 patients, indicating that even diagnostic delay did not preclude recovery in our series.Beschreibung von Fällen mit Hypophysen-Makroadenom während des Follow-ups ihrer primären okulären Pathologien diagnostiziert.Im „Centre for Ophthalmic Specialised Care“ (COS) wurden Patientenakten analysiert von Fällen, die für verschiedene Pathologien verfolgt wurden und die sekundär zu ihrer Basispathologie ein Makroadenom der Hypophyse entwickelten. Die primären Pathologien wurden festgestellt. Die Verzögerung der Diagnose nach Vorliegen hinreichend kompatibler perimetrischer Zeichen wurde berechnet und die Entwicklung nach dem neurochirurgischen Eingriff berichtet.Insgesamt wurden von 2003 bis 2020 16/14 966 (0,1%) Hypophysen-Makroadenom-Patienten registriert. Bei 10 Patienten wurde die Krankheit in ihrer Anamnese festgestellt. Bei 6 Patienten (2 Frauen, 4 Männer; 0,04%) traten Makroadenome während der Nachbeobachtung für ihre primären Augenpathologien auf. Das mittlere Alter bei der ersten Präsentation betrug 65,16 ± 8,52 Jahre. Zu den primären Pathologien gehörten Amblyopie (1) Glaukom (2) Katarakt (4) und Uveitis (2). Die mittlere Dauer der Symptome betrug 18,17 ± 13,11 Monate. Die mittlere Verzögerung vom ersten verdächtigen Gesichtsfeld bis zur Diagnose betrug 125 ± 207,93 Tage. Alle Patienten wurden einer einzigen chirurgischen Behandlung mit oder ohne Strahlentherapie unterzogen, mit Ausnahme einer 2. Behandlung bei einem Patienten. Alle Patienten haben gesehen, wie sich ihr Gesichtsfeld nach dem chirurgischen Eingriff verbesserte. Der mittlere präoperative Mean Defect (MD) betrug 13,43 ± 8,68 dB OD und 13,4 ± 5,07 dB OS. Der mittlere postoperative MD betrug 8,2 ± 10,27 dB OD und 5,42 ± 4,12 dB OS.Hypophysen-Makroadenome neigen dazu, verpasst oder mit Verzögerung diagnostiziert zu werden, wenn Augenpatienten bereits für eine andere Pathologie behandelt und nachbeobachtet werden. Trotz tiefgreifender Gesichtsfeldausfälle erholte sich das Sehvermögen bei 4/6 Patienten fast vollständig, was darauf hindeutet, dass selbst eine verzögerte Diagnose in unserer Serie eine Erholung nicht ausschloss.
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- 2022
39. Epidemiology of Male Hypogonadism
- Author
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Thirumalai, Arthi and Anawalt, Bradley D.
- Subjects
Male ,Endocrinology ,Hypogonadism ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Testosterone ,Article - Abstract
The epidemiology of male hypogonadism has been understudied. Of the known causes of endogenous androgen deficiency, only Klinefelter syndrome is common with a likely population prevalence of > 5:10,000 men (possibly as high as 10–25:10,000). Mild traumatic injury might also be a common cause of androgen deficiency (prevalence 5–10:10,000 men), but large, long-term studies must be completed to confirm this prevalence estimation that might be too high. The classic causes of male androgen deficiency—hyperprolactinemia, pituitary macroadenoma, endogenous Cushing syndrome and iron overload syndrome are rare (prevalence < 10,000 men). Of the iatrogenic causes of male androgen deficiency, androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, radiation and chemotherapy for testicular cancer, lymphoma and leukemia, and radiation therapy for primary brain tumors and head and neck cancers are common (prevalence > 5:10,000 men).
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- 2022
40. Optimal testosterone level to improve symptoms of hypogonadism without causing dopa-testotoxicosis in male macroprolactinoma
- Author
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Ozge Telci Caklili, Ayse Merve Ok, Zulal Istemihan, Ozlem Selcukbiricik, and Sema Yarman
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Hypogonadism ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Treatment Outcome ,Endocrinology ,Dopamine Agonists ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prolactinoma ,Testosterone ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Male prolactinoma treatment by dopamine agonists (DA) restores sexual function. However, excessive DA dose can lead to impulse control disorder.The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the level of testosterone that eliminates symptoms and provides fertility in male macroprolactinoma, without causing these adverse effects.Twenty-seven male patients with macroprolactinoma were included. There were 16 macro (≥1-2.8cm), 7 large macro (≥2.9-3.9cm) and 4 giant (≥4cm) adenomas. Prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) levels were evaluated. A timeline was created to analyze improvement in symptoms of hypogonadism and infertility. Testosterone levels were compared with age-matched controls.Mean PRL, basal tumor diameter and shrinkage were 2846±3415ng/mL, 27.2±10.2mm and 63.4%, respectively. Basal T levels were 1.6±1.0ng/mL for patients and 4.4±1.5ng/mL for controls (P0.001). Mean T level in the asymptomatic period was significantly lower than in controls (3.2±0.4ng/mL vs. 4.4±1.5ng/mL, respectively; P=0.002), while mean PRL was 27.2ng/mL. Fertility was achieved in 6 of the patients seeking fertility, and there was no difference in T level between these patients and controls (3.7±0.8ng/mL and 4.4±1.5ng/mL, respectively; P=0.14); when fertility was achieved, mean PRL was 26.9±23ng/mL.Patients should be carefully questioned regarding complaints at each consultation, and DA dose should not be increased unnecessarily, to avoid possible serious adverse effects.
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- 2022
41. Surgical complications of endoscopic approach to skull base: analysis of 584 consecutive patients
- Author
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Mohammad Taghvaei, Sara Fallah, Shokufeh Sadaghiani, Seyed Mousa Sadrhosseini, Azin Tabari, Mohammadreza Fathi, and Mehdi Zeinalizadeh
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Skull Base ,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ,Endoscopy ,General Medicine ,Skull Base Neoplasms ,Postoperative Complications ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Endoscopic techniques have been widely applied for challenging cranial base surgeries in recent years. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of using the endoscopic endo-nasal route for various skull base pathologies in terms of postoperative complications.A total of 584 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery were studied. Peri- and post-operative complications and risk factors affecting the occurrence of these complications were evaluated.648 endoscopic skull base surgical procedures were performed on 584 patients (47.8% females and 52.2% males) with the mean age of 41.2 years. Pituitary adenoma (69.3%) was the most common pathology. Post-operative mortality was 2.0%. The rates of post-operative permanent neurological deficit (one case of 6th nerve injury, two 12th nerve injuries and one hemiparesis) and visual deterioration were 0.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Ten patients (1.7%) were complicated with meningitis and it was the cause of death in 3. Systemic complications not directly attributable to skull base surgical access occurred in 2% (11 patients) with 5 mortalities. The rate of intra-operative vascular injury was 1% and among them one patient died due to PCA injury. The most common post-operative complications were diabetes insipidus (12.5%), anterior pituitary dysfunction (10.6%) and CSF leak (3.6%), respectively. In general, reoperation, malignant lesions, and level IV of surgical complexity were associated with a higher incidence of complications.Endoscopic endo-nasal approach can be a safe and less-morbid first-line treatment of patients with various skull base lesions.
- Published
- 2022
42. Alcohol intake and risk of pituitary adenoma
- Author
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Cote, David J., Smith, Timothy R., Kaiser, Ursula B., Laws, Edward R., and Stampfer, Meir J.
- Subjects
Male ,Cancer Research ,Alcohol Drinking ,Oncology ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Prospective Studies ,Article ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association between alcohol intake and incidence of pituitary adenoma has not been reported previously. We examined this association in three large, prospective cohort studies. METHODS: Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), we computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pituitary adenoma by levels of alcohol intake using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: We identified 292 incident cases of pituitary adenoma (225 among women, 67 among men) among 235,973 participants with 6,548,732 person-years of follow up. Compared with intake of ≤0.5 grams/day, cumulative average alcohol intake in all categories was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma (MVHR=0.60, 95%CI:0.43-0.83 for 0.5-≤2 g/d, MVHR=0.57, 95%CI:0.41-0.79 for >2.0-≤8.0, MVHR=0.70, 95%CI:0.47-1.04 for >8.0-≤15.0, and MVHR=0.51, 95%CI:0.32-0.83 for >15.0 g/d). Significant inverse findings were present in women and were similar but non-significant in men. For specific alcoholic beverages, inverse associations were statistically significant for total wine (MVHR=0.58, 95%CI:0.43-0.79 comparing 0.5-≤2 to ≤0.5 g/d), red wine (MVHR=0.65, 95%CI:0.46-0.92 comparing 0.5-≤2 to ≤0.5 g/d), and white wine (MVHR=0.72, 95%CI:0.53-0.97 comparing 0.5-≤2 to ≤0.5 g/d). Results were consistent using baseline intake, recent intake, and with an 8 year lag. CONCLUSION: In three prospective cohorts, compared to almost no consumption, alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma. Sensitivity analyses suggest that these results are unlikely to be the result of reverse causation or diagnostic bias.
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- 2022
43. Usefulness of Intraoperative Computed Tomography on Extent of Resection of Large and Giant Pituitary Adenomas. Experience from a Developing Country
- Author
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Syed Shahzad Hussain, Usman Ahmad Kamboh, Naveed Ashraf, Mohammad Ashraf, Muhammad Asif Raza, Naseer Ul Haq, Kashif Ali Sultan, and Nabeel Choudhary
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,Computed tomography ,Extent of resection ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Monitoring, Intraoperative ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,In patient ,Developing Countries ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Margins of Excision ,Endoscopy ,Subtotal Resection ,Perioperative ,Middle Aged ,Gross Total Resection ,Treatment Outcome ,Cavernous sinus ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma ,Nasal Cavity ,medicine.symptom ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Background and Objective The literature on the use of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) is sparse. We provide our experience of the usefulness of iCT in extent of resection in large and giant pituitary adenomas. Methods A retrospective review was performed of cases using the endonasal endoscopic technique in which iCT was used. Demographic factors, number of scans, and impact on the extent of resection are reported, with visual acuity and field changes. Tumors were graded according to the Hardy classification. Patients with cavernous sinus invasion were excluded. Results All patients received a perioperative computed tomography scan with our iCT scanner. Thirty patients are reported, including 14 large and 16 giant pituitary adenomas, including 14 nonfunctional and 16 growth hormone–secreting tumors. The overall gross total resection (GTR), near-total resection, and subtotal resection rates were 83.3%, 16.7%, and 3.3%, respectively. iCT scanning detected residual in 13 of 30 patients, including 4 with 14 large (29%) and 9 with 16 (56.3%) giant adenomas promoting further surgery. iCT use improved GTR from 43.8% to 81.3% in giant adenomas and from 71% to 86% in large adenomas. Of the 13 patients in whom iCT detected residual disease, none required >2 iCT scans. No intraoperative complications were observed. Conclusions iCT can improve extent of resection in large and giant pituitary adenomas and facilitate maximum safe resection such as GTR or near-total resection in patients where such should be attempted. iCT use may reduce iatrogenic complications and has select financial benefits in our patients' socioeconomic demographics. However, further prospective controlled studies are required to affirm our conclusions.
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- 2022
44. An aggressive lactotroph pituitary tumor in a young male
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Roelandt-Schumann, Friederike E, Vergeer, Rob A, Korsten-Meijer, Astrid G W, Kramer, Miranda C A, Westerlaan, Henriëtte E, Pott, Jan W R, Nuver, Janine, van den Berg, Gerrit, den Dunnen, Wilfred F A, and Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR)
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Adult ,Male ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Cabergoline ,Lactotrophs ,General Medicine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Prolactin ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Neurology ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Neurology (clinical) ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - Abstract
This case report concerns a 31-year-old male with an aggressive pituitary tumor who presented initially with bitemporal hemianopsia and slightly elevated prolactin. On magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, there was a sellar mass with parasellar invasion to the lateral aspects of the internal carotid arteries, compressing the optic chiasm. On histopathological analysis, the diagnosis was made of a densely granulated lactotroph pituitary tumor with a Ki67 proliferation rate of 15%, a mitotic count of 6/10 high-power fields, and p53 positivity. Based on these features, the tumor was classified as a grade 2b tumor according to the Trouillas classification, and a more aggressive behavior of the tumor could be expected. In order to anticipate a future need for alternative drug treatments, the following analyses were undertaken: MGMT methylation (present) as well as the expression of estrogen receptor (negative), programmed-death ligand 1 (60 - 70% positive tumor cells), vascular endothelial growth factor-A and somatostatin receptor 2 (both positive). There was regrowth of residual tumor tissue, and the treatment consisted thus far of repeat surgery, cabergoline, pasireotide, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy with temozolomide could not yet be initiated due to a concurrent infertility treatment. This case is unique because the tumor displays atypical characteristics, both in terms of morphology and behavior. It also illustrates how pathologists can play an important role in determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and possibilities for targeted therapy.
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- 2022
45. High Prevalence of Early Endocrine Disorders After Childhood Brain Tumors in a Large Cohort
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Laura Gabriela González Briceño, Dulanjalee Kariyawasam, Dinane Samara-Boustani, Elisa Giani, Jacques Beltrand, Stéphanie Bolle, Brice Fresneau, Stéphanie Puget, Christian Sainte-Rose, Claire Alapetite, Graziella Pinto, Marie-Liesse Piketty, Séverine Brabant, Samuel Abbou, Isabelle Aerts, Kevin Beccaria, Marie Bourgeois, Thomas Roujeau, Thomas Blauwblomme, Federico Di Rocco, Caroline Thalassinos, Christian Pauwels, Charlotte Rigaud, Syril James, Kanetee Busiah, Albane Simon, Franck Bourdeaut, Lauriane Lemelle, Léa Guerrini-Rousseau, Daniel Orbach, Philippe Touraine, François Doz, Christelle Dufour, Jacques Grill, and Michel Polak
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Adult ,Male ,Brain Neoplasms ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Endocrine System Diseases ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Cerebellar Neoplasms ,Child ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Context Endocrine complications are common in pediatric brain tumor patients. Objective We aimed to describe the endocrine follow-up of patients with primary brain tumors. Methods This is a noninterventional observational study based on data collection from medical records of 221 patients followed at a Pediatric Endocrinology Department. Results Median age at diagnosis was 6.7 years (range, 0-15.9), median follow-up 6.7 years (0.3-26.6), 48.9% female. Main tumor types were medulloblastoma (37.6%), craniopharyngioma (29.0%), and glioma (20.4%). By anatomic location, 48% were suprasellar (SS) and 52% non-suprasellar (NSS). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) prevalence was similar in both groups (SS: 83.0%, NSS: 76.5%; P = 0.338), appearing at median 1.8 years (−0.8 to 12.4) after diagnosis; postradiotherapy GHD appeared median 1.6 years after radiotherapy (0.2-10.7). Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in SS (76.4%), than NSS (33.9%) (P < 0.001), as well as ACTH deficiency (SS: 69.8%, NSS: 6.1%; P < 0.001). Early puberty was similar in SS (16%) and NSS (12.2%). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was predominant in SS (63.1%) vs NSS (1.3%), P < 0.001, and postchemotherapy gonadal toxicity in NSS (29.6%) vs SS (2.8%), P < 0.001. Adult height was lower for NSS compared to target height (−1.0 SD, P < 0.0001) and to SS patients (P < 0.0001). Thyroid nodules were found in 13/45 patients (28.8%), including 4 cancers (4.8-11.5 years after radiotherapy). Last follow-up visit BMI was higher in both groups (P = 0.0001), and obesity incidence was higher for SS (46.2%) than NSS (17.4%). Conclusion We found a high incidence of early-onset endocrine disorders. An endocrine consultation and nutritional evaluation should be mandatory for all patients with a brain tumor, especially when the tumor is suprasellar or after hypothalamus/pituitary irradiation.
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- 2021
46. Health‐related quality of life, obesity, fragmented sleep, fatigue, and psychosocial problems among youth with craniopharyngioma
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Valerie McLaughlin Crabtree, Kristoffer S. Berlin, Kimberly L. Klages, Jessica L Cook, Merrill S. Wise, Thomas E. Merchant, Heather M. Conklin, and Belinda N. Mandrell
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Excessive daytime sleepiness ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ,Craniopharyngioma ,Quality of life ,Weight loss ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Obesity ,Child ,Fatigue ,business.industry ,Actigraphy ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Oncology ,Child, Preschool ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Hypothalamic Neoplasms ,medicine.symptom ,Sleep ,business ,Body mass index ,Psychosocial - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth with craniopharyngioma experience weight gain, fragmented sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), fatigue, and psychosocial problems that negatively impact their overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Greater hypothalamic tumor involvement (HI) may be associated with higher rates or severity of these impairments; however, the direct and indirect impact of HI on the physical and psychosocial consequences associated with pediatric craniopharyngioma remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to examine relations between HI, body mass index (BMI), fragmented sleep, EDS, fatigue, psychosocial problems, and HRQoL among youth with craniopharyngioma. METHODS Eighty-four youth with craniopharyngioma (Mage = 10.27 ± 4.3 years, 53.6% female, 64.3% White) were assessed with actigraphy, nocturnal polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency tests prior to proton therapy, when indicated. Caregivers completed measures of fatigue, psychosocial functioning, and HRQoL. RESULTS Hypothalamic tumor involvement was associated with greater BMI (Est. = 2.97, p = 0.003) and daytime sleepiness (Est. = 2.53, p = 0.01). Greater fatigue predicted more psychosocial problems (Est. = 0.29, p
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- 2021
47. Evaluation of the Gross Total Resection Rate of Suprasellar Pituitary Macroadenomas with and without the Removal of the Tuberculum Sellae Bone
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Huang Rui, Shigang Lv, Chen Peng, Haitao Luo, Juexian Xiao, Xingen Zhu, Yan Zhang, and Zujue Cheng
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Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Transsphenoidal approach ,Postoperative Complications ,Pituitary adenoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Sella Turcica ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Margins of Excision ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Gross Total Resection ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diabetes insipidus ,Tuberculum sellae ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Nasal Cavity ,business ,Diabetes Insipidus - Abstract
Objective Improving the gross total resection (GTR) rate of suprasellar pituitary macroadenomas (SPMAs) using the pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) has been a long-standing focus of neurosurgeons. This study was aimed at evaluating the influences of the removal of the tuberculum sellae bone (TSB) without opening the dura of the tuberculum sellae on the GTR rate of SPMAs via the EETA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical reports of patients with SPMAs who underwent EETA between February 2015 and November 2020. Data on clinical manifestations, endocrinologic types, imaging features (Hardy classification, morphology, and texture), clinical outcomes, and TSB removal status were collected. All patients were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. Results Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in our study. The GTR rates of the TSB removal group (45/78, 57.7%) and nonremoval group (33/78, 42.3%) were 80.0% (36/45) and 57.6% (19/33), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis found that the removal of TSB, rounded morphology, and low Hardy classification were correlated with higher GTR rates. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that even after adjusting for tumor types and imaging features, the removal of TSB had an independent effect on the GTR rate (odds ratio, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–31.6; P = 0.005). The incidence rates of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and diabetes insipidus were not significantly different between the TSB removal group and TSB nonremoval group. Conclusions TSB removal using EETA without opening the tuberculum sellae dura improves the GTR rate of SPMAs without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications.
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- 2021
48. Spontaneous remission of Cushing's disease: A systematic review
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Alina Maria Herdean, Carmen Emanuela Georgescu, Ioana Ilie, and Andrei Ioan Herdean
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Remission, Spontaneous ,Spontaneous remission ,Adenocarcinoma ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ,Aged ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Adrenalectomy ,General Medicine ,Cushing's disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pituitary Gland ,Female ,business ,Pituitary Apoplexy - Abstract
Resume La remission spontanee de la maladie de Cushing est un evenement extremement rare. Nous decrivons un cas representatif et proposons une revue systematique des cas precedemment rapportes dans la litterature. Presentation de cas : une femme de 51 ans diagnostiquee avec la maladie de Cushing a subi un traitement unique avec de la metyrapone pendant neuf mois. Deux mois apres l’arret du traitement, elle a ete admise pour une insuffisance renale aigue. Apres encore quatre mois, en juin 2020, il n’y avait aucun signe d’hypercortisolisme, que ce soit cliniquement ou biochimiquement, ou d’hypocortisolisme, chez notre patient. Un an plus tard, elle est toujours en remission. Cas rapportes dans la litterature : sur 23 patients (dont notre cas), 87 % etaient des femmes avec un âge median de 32 ans. Parmi ceux qui avaient des tumeurs radiologiquement visibles, 10 patients avaient des microadenomes (44 %), tandis que 7 patients avaient des macroadenomes (30 %). Le delai moyen entre le diagnostic et la remission spontanee etait de 5 mois, plus court dans les macroadenomes (1 mois) que dans les microadenomes (13,5 mois). Avant la remission spontanee, les traitements etaient : l’absence de traitement (65 %), les inhibiteurs steroidiens (22 %), la surrenalectomie bilaterale et l’autotransplantation surrenale (5 %), la surrenalectomie bilaterale partielle (4 %), la chirurgie hypophysaire incomplete (4 %). L’apoplexie tumorale hypophysaire etait l’evenement incrimine le plus frequent (91 %), documente radiologiquement chez 43 % des patients. La periode moyenne de remission au cours du suivi etait de 28 mois, les remissions allant de 6 a 130 mois. Une recidive de la maladie de Cushing est survenue chez 39 % (n = 9) des patients. Bien que plusieurs mecanismes responsables de ce phenomene aient ete proposes, l’apoplexie tumorale hypophysaire cliniquement manifeste ou infra-clinique, cette derniere se presentant parfois de maniere atypique, semble etre l’evenement incrimine le plus frequent. Les medecins doivent en etre conscients, et un suivi regulier est obligatoire en raison de son imprevisibilite.
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- 2021
49. Predicting Subtype of Growth Hormone Pituitary Adenoma based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics
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Li-Jun Heng, Wen Wang, Yu-Chuan Hu, Chen-Xi Liu, Sheng-Zhong Wang, Cui Guangbin, Yu Han, Yu-Hui Ma, Lin-Feng Yan, and Ying Yu
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Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,growth hormone pituitary adenoma ,Neuroimaging: Brain ,Growth hormone ,Pituitary adenoma ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Retrospective Studies ,pathological subtype ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Middle Aged ,logistic regression model ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Growth Hormone ,Pituitary Gland ,Multivariate Analysis ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Female ,business - Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text., Purpose This study aimed to investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics in differentiating the subtypes of growth hormone pituitary adenomas. Materials and Methods The clinical and MR imaging data of 70 patients with growth hormone pituitary adenoma confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The tumors were divided into dense granular (DG; 36 cases) and sparse granular subtypes (SG; 34 cases). The tumors' MR features were analyzed, including the mean and maximum diameters, T2 signal intensity, T2 relative signal intensity (rSI), homogeneity, enhancement degree, and invasiveness (Knosp grade). Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze MR characteristics between the 2 groups. The independent predictors and predictive probabilities of tumor subtypes were obtained via a logistic regression model, and the efficacy was compared by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The mean and maximum diameters of growth hormone adenoma in DG and SG were 1.77 versus 2.45 and 1.95 versus 3.00 cm (median, P < 0.05), respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in T2 signal intensity and rSI (P values were 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Most DG adenomas (86.1%) appeared as hypointense on T2 images, and 38.2% of SG adenomas were hyperintense. There was no significant difference in tumor homogeneity (P = 0.622). A significant difference was found in the Knosp grade between the 2 subtypes (P = 0.004). In addition, the enhancement degree of SG adenomas was significantly higher than that of DG adenomas (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high T2 rSI value and marked contrast enhancement were independent predictors of the 2 subtypes, and the odds ratios were 4.811 and 4.649, respectively. The multivariate logistic model obtained relatively high predicting efficacy, and the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.765, 0.882, and 0.500, respectively. Conclusions There are significant differences in tumor size, T2 signal intensity, T2 rSI, enhancement degree, and invasiveness between DG and SG adenomas. The logistic model based on the marked contrast enhancement and high T2 rSI value has an important value in predicting the subtype of growth hormone adenoma.
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- 2021
50. Resolution of pituitary microadenoma after coronavirus disease 2019: a case report
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Mohammed Alsabri, Ann Mary Hanna, Matthew Brett, and Salah Raishan
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Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary neoplasm ,Lesion ,Surgical oncology ,Case report ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Pituitary microadenoma ,Past medical history ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Pituitary tumors ,COVID-19 ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Spontaneous resolution ,Medicine ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background This report describes the case of a patient whose pituitary microadenoma resolved after he contracted coronavirus disease 2019. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases of pituitary tumor resolution due to viral illness. We present this case to further investigate the relationship between inflammatory response and tumor remission. Case presentation A 32-year-old man in Yemen presented to the hospital with fever, low blood oxygen saturation, and shortness of breath. The patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Past medical history included pituitary microadenoma that was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging and secondary adrenal insufficiency, which was treated with steroids. Due to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019, he was treated with steroids and supportive care. Three months after his initial presentation to the hospital, brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed and compared with past scans. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes in the microadenoma, including the disappearance of the hypointense lesion and hyperintense enhancement observed on the previous scan. Conclusions Pituitary adenomas rarely undergo spontaneous resolution. Therefore, we hypothesized that tumor resolution was secondary to an immune response to coronavirus disease 2019.
- Published
- 2021
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