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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the clear aligners with the traditional fixed appliances in the treatment of premolars extraction complex cases using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS)., Material and Methods: A single-centre, 2-parallel groups RCT with two arms. Forty severe crowding patients (14 males, 26 females; mean age: 21.40±2.42) who required four first premolars extraction were included and randomly allocated into two treatment groups: clear aligners therapy group (CAT), and fixed appliances therapy group (FAT). Cases complexities were measured on pre-treatment records using the Discrepancy index (DI). Post-treatment records were evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Two sample t-tests and Fisher's Exact tests were used to test for significant differences between the two groups. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.006 using Bonferroni's correction., Results: For the DI, the mean scores were 32.25 (± 4.33) in the CAT group and 33 (± 7.92) in the FAT group. In the CAT group, the total OGS score ranged between 6-33 points with an average of 17.50(± 7.41), whereas the total score in the FAT group went between 4-30 points with an average of 12.89 (± 6.31) with no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.05). When comparison of the successful cases between the two groups was made, 11 cases received passing scores, and 9 cases received failing scores in the CAT group. Whereas in the FAT group, 17 cases received passing scores, and 3 received a failing score. No statistically significant differences were found in the passing rates between of the CAT and FAT groups (P = 0.421)., Conclusions: According to the ABO-OGS total scores, there was no significant difference between the clear aligners and fixed appliances in the treatment of class I severe crowding cases with first premolars extraction in young adults. There were no differences between the two techniques in the OGS components scores except for the occlusal contacts, which were significantly better with the fixed appliances. When comparing the number of successful and failed cases between the two groups, no significant differences were noted, with the fixed appliances having a 30% higher success rate than the clear aligners, which must be considered clinically when choosing between these two techniques in the complex orthodontic cases treatment., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of orthodontic treatment, apart from esthetic and functional corrections, is uniform force distribution. Hence Occlusal analysis using a T scan gives scope for a precisely targeted treatment plan. The T-scan evaluation of occlusal force, time, and location of contacts from initial occlusal contact to maximum intercuspation enables the orthodontist to sequentially balance the occlusal forces on the right and left sides through specific treatment plan options., Objective: The current study aimed to determine the force distribution in the different individuals by using a T-Scan as well as the net discrepancies of forces generated at a maximum intercuspation position in the first molar region between the left and right sides of the mouth., Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study that was carried out in Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences clinics and Ajman University clinics from January 2020 to September 2022 by using the convenience sampling technique. The T-scan III Novus was employed in this investigation to record multi-bite scans for several patients. T-scan was utilised to examine various malocclusions., Results: The present study consisted of 158 participants. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between the three types of malocclusions (I, II, and III) on the right molar side (B-16 and B-46) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the overall discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the three types of malocclusion classifications (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between B-26 and B-36 (p > 0.05). Post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between malocclusion classes I and III on the right molar, with a mean difference of 4.11190 (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in B-46 between Malocclusion Classes I and II, 4.01806 (p < 0.05). Additionally, post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference between malocclusion classes I and III, with a mean difference of -4.79841 (p < 0.05) on the right molar., Conclusion: The T-Scan is a useful tool for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be helpful during treatment planning and follow-up, especially for orthognathic surgery patients. A T-scan could be used in orthodontic therapy in a simple and efficient way. Also, it turned out to be a useful tool for diagnosing problems and gave us new information about how therapies work. In this study, T-Scan showed that it can measure occlusal forces in timing in an objective, accurate, and repeated manner. The current study found that T-Scan was better able to report the difference in the percentage of force on the right molar side than on the left side., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Fixed orthodontic treatment has been compromised at many levels during the pandemic period, as clinics underwent a prolonged lockdown and patients could not be treated regularly. With the end of the pandemic nowhere in sight, may be it is time to put newer tools, such as clear aligner therapy, for better use. Fixed orthodontic appliances by nature are not always self-limiting, which, if left unmonitored over a long period may cause undesirable side effects, pain, and discomfort. The undesired tooth movements that may occur with arch wire-guided mechanics in addition to problems with cut wires or removed brackets may be minimized with the use of aligners. While the benefits of using aligners are for all to see, they do require extensive planning and careful evaluation of the progress. This article reviews the advantages of using aligners during the pandemic period and how it can be beneficial in helping orthodontists resume their practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Anand Marya et al.)

Objective: This study was performed to determine the maximum voluntary molar bite force (MVMBF) in relation to age, sex, lip competency, midline shifting, dental and skeletal malocclusion, overjet, overbite, and crowding., Methods: One hundred Saudi patients with orthodontic malocclusion aged 14 to 25 years (51 male and 49 female patients) were investigated in this cross-sectional study. The baseline MVMBF on the right and left side was evaluated in all patients before commencing any orthodontic treatment. The MVMBF was registered with a portable occlusal force gauge in the first molar region during maximal clenching., Results: The MVMBF significantly varied with respect to all nine confounding variables. The MVMBF significantly increased with an age of >18 years, male sex, right-side lip competency, no midline shift, dental and skeletal Class I malocclusion, normal overjet, normal overbite, and mild crowding., Conclusion: All nine variables examined in the present study significantly influenced the MVMBF.

Objective: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR., Design: Retrospective study., Setting: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia., Subjects: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty., Main Outcome Measures: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR., Results: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was -8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR., Conclusion: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.

Background: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among adolescents using the dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN)., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 (mean age 16.25 ± 1.09) adolescents randomly selected from the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The northern border region is sub-divided into three governorates: Ar'ar (186), Rafha (142) and Turayf (172). The data were recorded in questionnaires to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and estimate of DHC of the IOTN index., Results: The most common malocclusions in order of prevalence were Angle's Class I (52.8%), Angle's Class II (31.8%), Angle's Class III (15.4%), crowding (47.2%), excessive overjet (> 2 mm) (22.2%), reduced overjet (< 1 mm) (11.4%), excessive overbite (> 2 mm) (23.4%), reduced overbite (< 1 mm) (12.2%), anterior crossbite (4.8%), posterior crossbite (9.4%) and open bite (4.6%). The most common facial profiles determined in the sagittal plane, were the straight facial profile (49.2%), convex (42.6%) and concave (8.2%). The prevalence of Grade 1 and 2 DHC was 49.4%, Grade 3 was 29.6%, Grade 4 and 5 was 21%. The grades of DHC of IOTN index were as follows: 48.73% of males and 50.22% of females showed grades 1 and 2. Grade 3 was observed in 30.32% of males and 28.69% of females. Grades 4 and 5 were recorded in 20.93% of males and 21.07% of females., Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among the north border region of KSA is comparable with that of other regional studies.

Objective: To determine and compare the cephalometric values among Pakistani males and females using commonly used sagittal skeletal measurements (ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta-angle) and newly developed cephalometric analyses (Yen-angle and W-angle)., Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study., Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontic Department of Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan, from August to October 2013., Methodology: Atotal of 209 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontic patients were selected from departmental records, comprised of 92 males and 117 females. Radiographs were traced for measurements of ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta-angle, W-angle and Yen-angle. Patients were categorized into skeletal classes I, II, and III on the basis of performed measurements, incisor classification, and profile recorded from their records. Descriptive analysis was used to obtain median interquartile range in both the genders and Mann-Whitney U-test was used to observe gender dimorphism., Results: Skeletal class II was the most prevalent type of malocclusion. There were no difference in the obtained measurements between males and females except the Wits appraisal and Beta-angle in class II patients, which showed significant difference in values (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Pakistani population has no significant different difference in the craniofacial morphology of males and females, with the exception of Wits-appraisal and Beta-angle in class II cases.

Background: The appropriate alignment of the lower teeth is indicated by the Curve of Spee (COS), which can be observed in the sagittal profile view of human skulls. Graf Von Spee made the initial observation on this occlusal curvature. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated studies that looked at how COS affected masticatory activities. Methods: The databases PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched. A total of 12 documents were ultimately picked because they met the necessary inclusion and exclusion requirements. The data was then loaded into the RevMan 5 programme for meta-analysis after being chosen for information on the sample size, variables analyzed, and various aspects of the research. Results: The Curve of Spee was found to have a noticeable impact on both the masticatory efficiency as well as dentofacial alignment in the 12 studies that we selected for the review and meta-analysis. In addition, other occlusal curvatures such as the Curve of Monson and the Curve of Wilson were found to be of vital importance on a similar level to the COS. The meta-analysis further revealed that seven of the included clinical trials had mentioned the noticeable impact on masticatory efficiency. Conclusions: This study focused on the significance of the COS on force distribution in the oral cavity as well as the necessity of COS corrections after receiving full orthodontic care. Following orthodontic treatment, the COS, along with other occlusal curves such as the Curve of Wilson and the Curve of Monson, is essential in removing strains from the condyle, as well as the maxilla and mandible, which enhances masticatory effectiveness and lessens the overall strain on a patient's oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, wide arrays of fixed functional appliances are available for the correction of Class II malocclusion. The orthodontist must choose from these appliances depending on the mechanics, efficiency, and cost of the appliance. Fixed functional appliances may reduce the individual visits and hence the cost as compared to the removable appliances. Additionally, it may save the clinician's chair time. This report discussed the in-house laboratory fabrication and clinical procedure of customized fixed functional appliances by utilizing the readily available dental materials in the orthodontic clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The collum angle (CA) is an extremely significant for patients who are undergoing orthodontic, dental implant restoration, prosthodontic and periodontic treatments. Aim and Objectives: To determine and compare the mean CA for maxillary central incisor in different types of malocclusion utilizing 3D Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images. The additional objectives were to determine and compare the mean CA for maxillary central incisor based upon the demographic characteristics among Saudi, Jordan and Egypt subpopulation and to test for significant differences in the CA of maxillary central incisor with different molar malocclusions. Methodology: A total of 400 CBCT images were included from the radiology archive at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University (Sakaka, Saudi Arabia). The CBCT images were divided into four groups based upon molar classifications. The selected records were used for the measurement of CA of maxillary central incisor using the measurement tool built into 3D:OnDemand software. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test and ANOVA to examine the differences between gender and races. Results: The mean CA for Class II div 2 exhibited significantly higher crown-root variation as compared other groups (p < 0.0001). Males sample showed greater value of CA for each group as compared to the females and this difference was statistically significant for all the groups other than for Class I (p < 0.05). The post hoc pairwise comparisons between the races showed statistically insignificant findings (p > 0.05). Significant difference was found on pairwise comparisons among different malocclusion groups other than for group Class I/Class II div 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The CA of Class II div 2 group was the greatest as compared to other malocclusion groups. Males sample showed greater value of CA for each group as compared to the females and this difference was statistically significant for all the groups other than for Class I. Statistically insignificant difference was noted for the mean CA among different races whereas significant difference was found on pairwise comparisons among different malocclusion groups other than for group Class I/Class II div 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) aimed to compare the treatment effects of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic camouflage treatment in adult subjects with Class III malocclusion (C-III-M). Two independent reviewers conducted the literature search comprehensively from 1990 to 8 November 2021. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases were included for literature search. Moreover, a manual search of references from relevant studies was performed. Based on the literature search, a total of six articles were selected for SR and three articles fulfilled the criteria of a MA. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to evaluate and compare the treatment effects of orthodontic camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery in adult C-III-M patients. Test for overall effect from the studies was used to estimate the treatment effect of C-III-M. However, Significant heterogeneity and publication bias was apparent among the selected studies. More research on the treatment effects of orthodontic camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery in C-III-M is necessary to conclude possible interactions with better specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A unique clinical challenge presents when dealing with a compromised first permanent molars with bilateral posterior crossbite, severe crowding and impacted maxillary canines with skeletal class II base malocclusion patient. Case presentation: 14-year-old female patient had dental Class II skeletally, complicated with increase overjet, badly destructed permanent mandibular 1st molars constricted maxillary arch. Extraction of 1st molarsfollowed by expansion have been planned to relieve crowding. Extraction of 1st molars in this time (furcation of 3rd molars start to develop) help in replacement by 2nd molars. In the progression of treatment, Conclusion: A well-balanced and esthetic occlusion by edge wise orthodontic treatment has been archived in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine mean intercanine arch width & mean intermolar arch width in Angle's class I, Class II division I, Class II Division 2 and Class III malocclusion patients. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 104 Nepali adult patients were used for this study. Maxillary and mandibular intercanine arch width and intermolar arch width were measured with digital caliper. Descriptive statistics was used to measure mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and ranges of maxillary and mandibular intercanine and intermolar arch width. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean intercanine arch width in mandible in class I was 26.72 ± 1.57 mm, Class II division I 26.91 ± 2.77 mm, class II division 2 27.39 ± 2.07 mm and class III 28.31 ± 1.65 mm while mean intercanine arch width in maxilla in class I was 35.11 ± 1.51 mm, Class II division I 32.86 ± 3.29 mm, class II division 2 34.33 ± 2.66 mm and class III 34.73 ± 2.32 mm. Mean intermolar arch width in mandible in class I was 51.3 ± 2.83 mm, Class II division I 50.23 ± 1.80 mm, class II division 2 50.33 ± 4.01 mm and class III 53.94 ± 3.95 mm while mean intermolar arch width in maxilla in class I was 53.52 ± 2.97 mm, Class II division I 50.87 ± 2.21 mm, class II division 2 52.07 ± 3.67 mm and class III 55.20 ± 3.50 mm. Conclusion: Class II division I malocclusion showed narrow maxillary arch width while Class III malocclusion showed wider mandibular arch width. Males showed wider intercanine and intermolar arch width in all the Angle's Classes of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around half of all malocclusions that need orthodontic treatment are Class II in nature. Patients with Class II malocclusion primarily seek treatment for aesthetic improvement. Most of the skeletal Class II malocclusions are because of mandibular deficiency, and can be best treated during the growing phase of development by removable functional appliances. The objective of this review is to evaluate and compare skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of various removable functional appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Manual and electronic databases were searched, and out of 5,711 articles, 221 abstracts were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 19 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria was then retrieved and analyzed. A significant increase in mandibular length and dentoalveolar effects with an increase in vertical dimension in a short time was observed with Twin-Block appliance treatment, followed by Bionator appliance treatment. The long-term stability of results achieved with Twin-Block appliance treatment is still questionable. In addition, Frankel appliance treatment effects are more skeletal in nature, with better control in the vertical dimension. However, it takes a more extended treatment duration to produce similar effects. Based on available evidence, we are convinced that removable functional appliances are valuable tools for correction of the Class II malocclusion at a growing age with a horizontal growth pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient is a 14 years old Chinese boy presented with skeletal Class II with incompetent lips, severe dental Class II malocclusion and severe crowding complicated with both sides mesio-angular impacted of mandibular 2nd molars. Treatment Plan: Growth modification using functional appliance for skeletal Class II correction with maxillary arch expansion and correction of mandibular plane angle by intrusion of maxillary molars. Extraction of lower 1st premolars and 2nd molars on both sides was carried out in conjunction with fixed orthodontic alignment and to facilitate of spontaneous eruption of lower third molar. Midline correction was followed by space closure and finishing and detailing. Results: Alignment of upper arch in the regained space with maxillary expansion without any extraction was done. Anterior maxillary dentitions were retracted using Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices (TSADs). In lower arch 1st molars were mesially protracted by using class II elastics. 3rd molars spontaneously erupted in the extraction space of 2nd molar. Midline corrected with good facial profile and competent lips. Conclusions: Timely execution of expert treatment plan can bring cost effective and time saving results with minimum loss. By proper counseling, patient compliance and confidence can be boosted which could have a positive effect on the treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients presenting with BIMC are relatively rare and the aim of the Orthodontist is to create a dentition that is functionally and aesthetically acceptable. The BIMC may result in altered facial appearance with malocclusion and psychological distress in some individuals. Case presentation: The present case report describes a 17-year-old female patient with nonsyndromic, BIMC. Clinical and CBCT examinations revealed BIMC. Following open surgical exposure treatment planning, the patient was treated with orthodontic fixed mechanotherapy to correct BIMC and other problems. Slow force mechanics with passive self-ligating MBT 0.022 orthodontic braces were used. Results: Open surgical exposure and active orthodontic treatment was completed in 18 months. The management of BIMC requires multidisciplinary approach to achieve better aesthetics and improved occlusal function. Conclusion: A combined Open Surgical Exposure-Orthodontic Traction-Orthodontic treatment would help achieve desired aesthetics and functioning occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in school going children in Sakaka region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed that included school children of 9 to 11 years, enrolled in primary schools in Sakaka. Children with craniofacial anomalies (clefts and syndromes) and those who underwent or had a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and orthodontic examination chart. Results: This study revealed that 46% of the examined children had normal occlusion. Deleterious oral habits which are deemed to be the greatest culprits in the causation of occlusal discrepancies were found to be prevalent in 79.2% of the children evaluated in the study. The highest prevalence was seen for thumb sucking, which was common in more than 70% of the subjects and the lowest prevalence was for nail biting which was common in only 9% of the subjects. The habit of mouth breathing was seen among 21% of study population. The various orthodontic variables that were evaluated in this study included maxillary and mandibular crowding and spacing, midline shift, openbite and crossbite. Conclusion: The variables that were most strongly associated with the presence of oral habit were malocclusion and mandibular spacing although the number of subjects with oral habits displayed more occurrence of all the variables that were under consideration. Midline shift and maxillary and mandibular crowding, illustrated in this study were higher compared to those obtained from other developing countries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era, the demand for orthodontic treatment is ever rising. Orthodontic treatment duration can range from a year to a few years. Our aim is to assess the available techniques of categorising treatment effectiveness in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to study their effect on improvement of treatment outcomes. The electronic databases including Medline- PUBMED, Science Direct, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched from 1987 to 2013, and 40 311 relevant articles were found. Of these, we identified 22 articles including original articles as well as literature reviews. The different parameters and indices that are applied to speed-up orthodontic treatment outcomes in patients with CLP were identified as the GOSLON Yardstick, 5-year-old index, EUROCRAN index, Huddart Bodenham system, modified Huddart Bodenham system, GOAL Yardstick and, Bauru-Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Yardstick. This overview can create better awareness regarding the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the different indices. It can enable better assessment and provide the impetus needed for a sustained upgrade in the standards of care for CLP in daily orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the presence and/or agenesis of third molar (M3) tooth germs in orthodontics patients in Malaysian Malay and Chinese population and evaluate the relationship between presence and/or agenesis of M3 with different skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. Pretreatment records of 300 orthodontic patients (140 males and 160 females, 219 Malaysian Malay and 81 Chinese, average age was 16.27±4.59) were used. Third-molar agenesis was calculated with respect to race, genders, number of missing teeth, jaws, skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. The Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA was performed to determine potential differences. Associations between various factors and M3 presence/agenesis groups were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The percentages of subjects with 1 or more M3 agenesis were 30%, 33% and 31% in the Malaysian Malay, Chinese and total population, respectively. Overall prevalence of M3 agenesis in male and female was equal (P>0.05). The frequency of the agenesis of M3s is greater in maxilla as well in the right side (P>0.05). The prevalence of M3 agenesis in those with a Class III and Class II malocclusion was relatively higher in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population respectively. Using stepwise regression analyses, significant associations were found between Mx (P<0.05) and ANB (P<0.05) and M3 agenesis. This multivariate analysis suggested that Mx and ANB were significantly correlated with the M3 presence/agenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Numerous indices have been proposed to help the clinician decide how much maxillary expansion will be required to alleviate crowding. The aim of this study is to test the fallibility of Pont's index in a Bangladeshi population, by assessing the applicability of this index in a Bangladeshi population and to compare the results with inter gender, inter normal occlusion, class I malocclusion, class II and class III malocclusion. Materials and methods: Dental casts of 220 Bangladeshi individuals, comprising 95 males and 125 females (age range, 18–24 years, mean age=20). The records belonged to 100 subjects with normal occlusion. Sixty subject with class I malocclusion, including those who showed crowding more than 5mm and 30 subjects each with class II and class III malocclusion. Arch widths were compared between the measured and the predicted values derived from Pont's formula. Comparative statistics were applied. Results: No significant differences were detected between inter gender and inter normal occlusion and malocclusions. The average predicted inter-premolar width (39.18±2.13mm) and inter-molar widths (48.97±2.65mm) were higher than the actual measured means. The premolar index (85.82) and molar index (66.93) of the Bangladeshi were higher than the original Pont's indices. Conclusion: Significant correlations were noted for inter-premolar and inter-molar width. The findings suggest that Pont's index potentially overestimate the arch expansion required to alleviate crowding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study aimed to measure and compare tooth size ratios in a Bangladeshi population across the following groups: those with normal occlusion, crowding or spacing; those with normal, increased or decreased overjet; those with normal, increased or decreased overbite; those with or without dental mid-line discrepancy; and those with or without lip competence. It also presents a graphical overview of the anterior and overall ratios from the study and using available global data. Materials and methods. This study was performed on dental casts of 260 Bangladeshi individuals, comprising 114 males and 146 females (age range, 18-24 years, mean age = 20). The Bolton anterior ratio and overall ratio were determined for the following groups: those with normal occlusion, crowding or spacing; those with normal, increased or decreased overjet; those with normal, increased or decreased overbite; those with or without dental mid-line discrepancy; and those with or without lip competence. Results. There were statistically significant differences in the anterior tooth size ratios between those with or without dental mid-line discrepancy, with a mean value of 78.83% and 80.05%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were also found in overall tooth size ratios between those with normal, increased or decreased overjet and also between those with normal, increased or decreased overbite. Graphical presentations of anterior and overall ratios from the present study and using global data showed variations between populations. Conclusion. In the Bangladeshi population, increased tooth size ratios in subjects with dental mid-line discrepancy (anterior ratio) and also in those with decreased overjet or decreased overbite (overall ratio) may be predictors of tooth size discrepancies. The graphical overview also suggests that different international ethnic groups display unique Bolton ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which focuses on the assessment of dental, skeletal and dental to skeletal measurements of Ricketts analysis (RA) in adult male population of Saudi Arabia. It highlights the use of posterior anterior (PA) cephalogram in different linear and angular variables. An overview on the materials and methods, results and discussion of the study, is also mentioned.

Background: Oral habit is a part of normal development of children but if this habit persists longer it may lead to development of malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recent advancement on habit breaking appliances and apply the knowledge in advancement of dentistry. Materials and Methods: After a systemic search on the electronic databases, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were selected and evaluated. Result: All the selected studies are co incised with their outcome measures. Conclusion: The update of recent works on habit breaking appliance will not only benefit the orthodontics but also other branches of dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ratio between 2nd and 4th digit length is termed as hormonal fingerprint and is used as an indirect marker in many medical diseases.Dental studies pertaining to the importance of hormonal fingerprint on oral health are very sparse. Aim and objectives: To study the correlation of dental caries and malocclusion with hormonal fingerprints. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children of age group 7-15 years and both genders were randomly selected and included in the present study. The hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) wasdone by measuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of digital vernier caliper. Caries assessment wascarried out using standard mouth mirrors and Community Periodontal Index probes. WHO assessment form (1997) was followed for assessment of dentition status and treatment need.Occlusal characteristics evaluated were molar relation, anterior and posterior crossbite, open bite, deep bite and lower anterior crowding. The subjects were divided into high 2D:4D, equal 2D:4D digit ratio and low 2D:4D. All the measurements were done by two investigators. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA test. Results: Out of 100 children, 34% were males and 66% were females. Most of the participants were 7-8 years old (12 males and 15 females). Majority of the participants (87% for the right hand and 80% for left hand) had low 2D:4D ratio, only 6% for right and 11% for the left hand had high 2D:4D ratio and the remaining had equal 2D:4D ratio. Statistically insignificantcorrelation between 2D:4D ratio and deft/DMFT score and occlusal status of an individualwere found. Conclusion:The insignificant results of 2D:4D ratio with all the parameters assessed validates that hormonal fingerprints could not be employed as an early predictor of caries and malocclusion in an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]