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Erythroxylum niquelandense M.J. Silva & Loiola, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2). Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, Reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área Capão do Bandeira, cerca de 800 metros do seu início a direita da estrada em direção ao Mirante, aproximadamente 200 metros para dentro, 14º36’47”S, 48º29”15 W, 652 m, 29 June 2019 (fl, fr), M. J. Silva & A. A. Alonso 9645 (holotype UFG!; isotypes: F!, NY! UB!). Diagnosis:—Subshrub or shrub to 1.8 m tall; leaves large, elliptic or oblong-elliptic with 12–16 secondary per side; stipules chartaceous, 3-setulose with 9 or 10 lateral nerves per side, setae 1.7–2.6 mm long, margin irregularly denticulate and apex obtuse; cataphylls different from the stipules in size with spinules 2–2.1 mm; fascicles with 10-15 flowers, buds obovoid, and bracteoles oval, scarious with margin slightly erose. This species is similar to E. citrifolium and E daphnites, but differs mainly by characters related to the habit, height, stipules, bracteoles, leaves, numbers of flowers per fascicle, and fruits. Description:—Subshrubs or shrubs 0.75–1.8 m tall. Branchlets 3–5 mm diam., cinereous and slightly fissured longitudinally at maturity, greenish, reddish or brownish when young, lenticels elongated, discrete, cream colored; internodes 1.6–2.5 cm long. Cataphylls 7–7.3 × 4.5–4.6 mm, tardily caducous, laxly distributed along old branches, glabrous, brownish, paleaceous, spinules 2–2.1 mm long, brownish. Foliar stipules 7–8.6 × 4.9–5 mm, triangular, tardily caducous, appressed to branches, apex obtuse, striated with 9 or 10 nerves per side, conspicuously 3-setulose, the 2 lateral setae ca. 2.6 mm long, the medial setae ca. 1.7 mm long, keels conspicuously subulate, margin sparsely and irregularly denticulate. Leaves persistent or tardily caducous, alternate distichous; petiole 5.2–6 mm long, cylindrical, slightly canaliculate adaxially and transversely striated, glabrous; leaf blades 14–23.5 × 4.5–6 cm, chartaceous, concolorous, glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate; venation camptodromous-brochidodromous, midrib canaliculate adaxially, conspicuously prominent abaxially; secondary veins 12–16 per side, curved, impressed adaxially, discreetly prominent abaxially, tertiary veins reticulate, inconspicuous. Fascicles with 10–15 flowers, in axils of leaves or cataphylls; bracteoles 2, 0.6–0.9 mm long, 1-setulose, keel slightly subulate, scarious, cymbiform, oval, margin slightly erose, glabrous; flower buds 4.9–5 × 1.9–2 mm long, obovoid, glabrous; flowers 5–5.8 mm long, pedicel 2.9–3 mm, glabrous, 5-angled; calyx 1.1–1.2 × 1.3–1.4 mm, greenish, lobes 0.9–1 × 0.6–0.7 mm, triangular or oval-triangular, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous on both surfaces; petals 2.9–3 × 1.1–1.2 mm, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, slightly concave, apex obtuse, margin entire, white spotted greenish in the central portion; appendages ligulate, 0.9–1 mm long, 4-lobed, anterior auricles 2, 0.35–0.4 mm long, posterior auricles 2, 0.5–0.6 mm long, margin entire, discreetly undulate, central appendage developed, thickened; staminal cup 0.9–1× 1.1–1.2 mm, smaller than calyx and ovary, the margin 10-denticulate. Brevistylous flowers: stamens 2.4–2.5 mm long, cream-yellowish, anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, oblong, light yellowish; styles 1.3–1.4 mm long, free, stigmas 0.1–0.2 mm long, depressed-capitate. Longistylous flowers: antesepalous stamens 1.9–2 mm, antepetalous stamens 2.4–2.5 mm, anthers 0.5–0.6 mm long, oblong; styles 1.4–1.5 mm, free, stigmas 0.1–0.2 mm long, depressed-capitate; ovary 1.1–1.2 mm, ellipsoid. Drupe 5–8 × 5–5.1 mm, globose, ovoid or oblong, smooth, orange or scarlet red when mature. Additional specimens examined (paratypes) :— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, Reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área Capão do Bandeira, cerca de 800 metros do seu início do a direita da estrada em direção ao Mirante, aproximadamente 200 metros para dentro, 14º36’47”S, 48º29”15 W, 652 m, 29 June 2019 (fl), M. J. Silva & A. A. Alonso 9646 (UFG), 9647 (UFG), 9648 (UFG), 9649 (UFG); ib., 14º37’30.8”S, 48º29” 42.12W, 647 m, 20 February 2020 (fl, fr), M . J. Silva, BR. Pereira & I. S. Santos 10824 (UFG), 10825 (UFG); ib., 4º37’30.7”S, 48º29’42.1”W, 646 m, 20 February 2020 (fl), M . J. Silva, BR. Pereira & I. S. Santos 10826 (UFG); Área do Córrego da Sociedade, ca. de 10 metros a partir do Córrego, 14º38’34”S, 48º28’41”W, 634 m, 28 October 2020 (fr), M . J. Silva, A. A. Alonso & F. D. Santos 11113 (UFG); ib., ca. 40 metros antes de chegar ao Córrego Sociedade, sentido Mirante, lado esquerdo da estrada, borda da vegetação, 14º38’34”S, 48º28’40”W, 654 m, 28 October 2020 (fr), M . J. Silva, A. A. Alonso & F. D. Santos 11118 (UFG); ib., ca. 5 metros antes de chegar ao Córrego Sociedade, sentido Mirante, lado esquerdo da estrada, borda da vegetação, 14º38’34”S, 48º28’4”W, 654 m, 28 October 2020 (fr), M . J. Silva, A. A. Alonso & F. D. Santos 11121 (UFG); ib., ca. 60 metros a partir do Córrego Sociedade, sentido Mirante, lado esquerdo da estrada, borda da vegetação, 14º36’31”S, 48º28’43”W, 623 m, 28 October 2020 (fr), M . J. Silva, A. A. Alonso & F. D. Santos 11129 (UFG), 11130 (UFG). Distribution, habitat and phenology:—This species is currently known from the seasonal forests in municipality of Niquelândia, in the northern portion of the state of Goiás (Fig. 3). It grows near streams on clayey soils rich in litter, between altitudes of 634 and 654 m. Etymology:—Specific epithet refers to the municipality of Niquelândia, located in the northern portion of the state of Goiás, where the species was first collected. Preliminary Conservation Status:—The species extent of occurrence was calculated as 0.701 km 2, which lead us to classify it, according to the IUCN criteria, as Critically Endangered (CR). However, this species grows in a common type of vegetation in the state of Goiás. With additional exploration and systematic collections in this area, its distribution may expand, so we chose to consider its conservation status as Data Deficient (DD). It should also be noted that the species was collected in a permanent unit for the protection of biodiversity forming populations with about 30 individuals. Morphological relationships and systematic position:— Erythoxylum niquelandense is assigned to Erythroxylum sect. Rhabdophyllum O. E. Schulz (1907: 29) based on evidently striated stipules and cataphylls with generally non-fimbriated margins, calyx with valvate aestivation and triangular to oval lobes, and concave petals with four appendages (Plowman 1983, Loiola & Sales 2008). It is morphologically similar to E. citrifolium A. Saint-Hilaire (1829: 94) and E. daphnites Martius (1840: 363) by chartaceous or membranous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic leaf blades, stipules 3-setulose, glabrous and larger than the petioles, flowers with pedicels longer than 2.5 mm long, and styles of longistylous flowers free. However, it differs from E. citrifolium by the combination of triangular stipules 7–8.6 mm long with apex obtuse, margin irregularly denticulate, and 9 or 10 striated per side (vs. narrowly triangular 4–6(9) mm long, apex rounded, margin entire, 9–12 striated per side in E. citrifolium), setae of stipules 1.7–2.6 mm long (vs. 0.5–1 mm long), spinules of the cataphylls brownish, 2–2.1 mm long (vs. darkish, 2–8 mm long), flower bud obovoid (vs. capitate or clavate), fascicles with 10–15 (vs. 1–9) flowers, two ovate bracteoles 0.6–0.9 mm long per flower (vs. two or three triangular bracteoles 2‒3 mm long), bracteoles margin erose (vs. entire), flowers 5–5.8 mm long (vs. 4.5–8 mm long), calyx 1.1–1.2 mm long (vs. 1.5–1.7 mm long), pedicels 2.9–3 mm long (vs. 2.8–5.5 mm long), petals 2.9–3 mm long, oblong-elliptic or elliptic (vs. 3–3.6 mm long, oblong-ovate), antepetalous and antesepalous stamens 2.4–2.5 mm and 1.9–2 mm long, respectively (vs. 1.2–1.8 mm long and 0.8–1.2 mm long). In addition to these characters, E. niquelandense are subshrubs or shrubs 0.75–1.8 m tall, with leaf blades 14–23.5 cm long, apex acuminate and 12–16 secondary veins per side, cataphylls measuring 7–7.3 mm long, different from the stipules in size, and fruits globose, ovoid or oblong, while E. citrifolium is commonly a tree 10(–15) m tall or sometimes a shrub 1–4 m tall, with leaf blades 7.1–15(20) cm long, apex acuminate and 11–14 secondary veins per side, cataphylls 4–6(9) mm long, similar to the stipules in size, and fruits always oblong. When compared to E. daphnites the characters listed in table 1 are useful to differentiate the two species. Finally, according to the literature cited in the introduction to this article and supported by Loiola (2001), the shape and length of the stipules, petals, fruits, as well as the length of the stamens, setae of stipules and spinules of the cataphylls are informative for species discrimination in the genus., Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da & Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra, 2021, A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythoxylaceae) from the seasonal dry forests of the state of Goiás, Brazil, pp. 269-276 in Phytotaxa 480 (3) on pages 270-274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5417280, {"references":["Plowman, T. (1983) New species of Erythroxylum from Brazil and Venezuela. Botanical Museum Leaflets 29: 273 - 290","Loiola, M. I. B. & Sales, M. F. (2008) Two new species of Erythroxylum sect. Rhabdophyllum (Erythroxylaceae) from north-eastern Brazil. Kew Bulletin 63: 655 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 008 - 9077 - z","Saint-Hilaire, A. F. C. P. (1829) Erythroxylaceae. In: Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis II. pp. 66 - 72.","Martius, K. F. P. (1840) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattung Erythroxylum 3 (2): 280 - 410.","Loiola, M. I. B. (2001) Revisao taxonomica de Erythroxylum P. Browne sect. Rhabdophyllum O. E. Schulz (Erythroxylaceae Kunth). Tese de"]}

Silva, Marcos José Da, Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra (2021): A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythoxylaceae) from the seasonal dry forests of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Phytotaxa 480 (3): 269-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.3.6

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta o estudo florístico das Erythroxylaceae que ocorrem nas formações de canga da Serra dos Carajás, no estado do Pará, Brasil. A família é representada na área de estudo por nove espécies de Erythroxylum: Erythroxylum carajasense, E. citrifolium, E. leptoneurum, E. macrophyllum, E. mucronatum, E. nelson-rosae, E. rufum, E. squamatum e E. subracemosum. Erythroxyum carajasense e E. nelson-rosae, ambas endêmicas das formações ferruginosas da Serra dos Carajás, são avaliadas como Em Perigo (EN) de acordo com os critérios da União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza (IUCN). São apresentadas descrições morfológicas, comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e habitats preferenciais, bem como ilustrações dos principais caracteres para identificação das espécies. Adicionalmente, E. ligustrinum var. carajasense Plowman foi elavada ao nível de espécie. Abstract This work presents a floristic survey of Erythroxylaceae from the canga vegetation of Serra dos Carajás in the state of Pará, Brazil. Within the study area, the family is represented by nine species of Erythroxylum: Erythroxylum carajasense, E. citrifolium, E. leptoneurum, E. macrophyllum, E. mucronatum, E. nelson-rosae, E. rufum, E. squamatum and E. subracemosum. Erythroxylum carajasense and E. nelson-rosae, both endemic to the ferruginous formations of the Serra dos Carajás, are here evaluated as Endangered (EN) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Morphological descriptions, comments on geographic distribution and preferred habitat are provided, as well as illustrations of the main features for species identification. Additionally, E. ligustrinum var. carajasense Plowman was raised to the specific rank.

Erythroxylum angelicae Loiola, sp. nov. (Fig. 1A���G) A new species characterized by persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3��� setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Type:��� BRAZIL. Cear��: Novo Oriente, Baixa Fria, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 760 m, 8 November 1990, (fl), F. S . Ara��jo 209 (holotype EAC 19335 A, isotypes EAC 19335 B, RB). Shrubs. Branches ascending, relatively short and straight, 1���2.5 mm diam., grayish to dark brown (when young), longitudinally finely striate, without distinct lenticels. Short shoots absent. Cataphylls alternate or congested along the shoots (in number of 5-7, the inferior shorter than superior), persistent, long-triangular, 2��� 6 mm long, non-striated, palleaceous. Foliar stipules persistent, narrowly triangular, 1.7���4 mm long, rounded apex, non-striated, membranaceous, 3���setulose, keels sub-alate, margin entire; setae deciduous, 1���1.5 mm long,presenting colleters. Leaves persistent, short-petiolate; petioles subterete, 1���1.5 mm long, narrowly canaliculate adaxially; leaf blades ovate, 2.3���5.2 �� 0.9���2.1 cm, acuminate to acute at apex, acute at base, margin entire, membranaceous, discolorous, adaxially dark green, abaxially pale green; the midrib impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, 8���10 secondary nerves on each side, the veinlets reticulate, conspicuous on both surfaces. Buds rounded, 2���2.2 �� 1.7���2 mm. Pedicels inconspicuous, less than 1 mm long. Flowers 1���3 per node, in axils of leaves or cataphylls, 2���2.5 mm long. Bracteoles 1, ca. 1 mm long, 1���setulose, keel subalate, non-striated, triangular, concave, margin entire. Calyx divided half its length, with triangular lobes, 1��� 1.2 �� 0.6���0.8 mm, longer than the staminal cup. Petals oblong, 1.8���2 �� 0.7���0.8 mm, concave, rounded at apex, bilobate. Staminal cup 0.5���0.7 mm long, the margin 10-denticulate. Brachystylous flowers not seen. Dolichostylous flowers: antesepalous filaments 0.5���0.6 mm long, antepetalous filaments 0.8���1 mm long, anthers oblong, ca. 0.5 �� 0.5 mm; ovary obovoid to oblong, 0.8���1 �� 0.7���0.8 mm, styles free, 1���1.4 mm long, stigmas depressed-capitate. Drupe not seen. Etymology:��� Erythroxylum angelicae honours Professor Maria Ang��lica Figueiredo (1939-2012) of the Federal University of Cear��, Brazil, for her valuable studies of the flora and phytogeography of Cear��. Additional specimen examined (paratype):��� BRAZIL. Cear��, Novo Oriente, Estrondo, Planalto da Ibiapaba, 8 November 1990 (fl), F . S. Ara��jo 208 (EAC). Distribution:��� This species has so far been observed only on the Ibiapaba plateau, in the municipality of Novo Oriente (approx. 5�� 32' 04" S, 40�� 46' 26" W), Cear�� state, northeastern Brazil. It deserves mentioning that field trips were conducted in this area some time ago (ca. 3 years ago), but the species was not found. Recently, there were no field trips in that area and, therefore, few samples of this species were analyzed. Habitat and ecology:��� Grows in ���Carrasco��� vegetation type, at 760 m elevation. According to Ara��jo et al. (1999), the ���Carrasco��� is a dense, shruby and deciduous type of vegetation, covering quartz-sandy soils, between altitudes of 700 and 900 m, on the Ibiapaba and Araripe plateaus, in the Brazilian semiarid domain. The two collections, both with flowers, were gathered in November. The characteristics of fruits (drupes) are unknown. Conservation status:��� Considering that only two samples collected in the area during the study of the ���Carrasco��� vegetation (Ara��jo et al. 1999) and few individuals of Erythroxylum angelicae have been observed at the site, this species was considered rare. However, based on IUCN (2001) criteria, the conservation status of this species is Data Deficient (DD). Discussion:��� In a preliminary list of Erythroxylum species form Cear�� state, I identified both specimens of this new species as Erythroxylum laetevierens O.E. Schulz (1907: 42) of section Rhabdophyllum, due to the general aspect of the branches, leaf morphology, and geographical distribution (both species are sympatric). However, closed observations of this collections show that Erythroxylum angelicae belongs to section Archerythroxylum, based on its non-striate stipules and triangular calyx lobes. Erythroxylum angelicae superficially resembles several other species encountered in northeastern Brazil, such as Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Martius (1840: 387), also of sect. Archerythroxylum; differing by the length of setae (1-1.5 mm long in E. angelicae vs. 0.6-0.8 mm in E. vaccinifolium), length of pedicels (inconspicuous, less 1 mm long vs. 2-5mm) and shape of calyx lobes (triangular vs. lanceolate). The new species is also similar, in general branching appearance and leaf morphology, to E. tenue Plowman (1987: 35) of sect. Rhabdophhylum; however, this last species have striated stipules. Other characters that distinguish E. angelicae from these morphologically related species are presented in Table 1. Erytroxylum angelicae and the similar species discussed here are not found in sympatry. E. vacciniifolium is reported from savanna formations (cerrado) and savanna-steppe vegetation (caatinga) in the west-portion of Brazil (Loiola 2013) and E. tenue is recorded from the coastal forest in southern Bahia (Plowman 1987)., Published as part of Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra, 2013, A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region, pp. 61-64 in Phytotaxa 150 (1) on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5100532, {"references":["Araujo, F. S., Martins, F. R & Shepherd, G. J. (1999) Variacoes estruturais e floristicas do carrasco no Planalto da Ibiapaba, Estado do Ceara. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59: 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0034 - 71081999000400015","IUCN (2001) The IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U. K. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-andcriteria / 2001 - categories-criteria (accessed 15 August 2013).","Schulz, O. E. (1907) Erythroxylaceae. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich: regui vegetabilis conspectus. Verlag von H. R. Engelmann, Weinheim, pp. 1 - 176.","Martius, K. F. P. (1840) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Planzengattung Erythroxylon. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch- Physikalischen Classe der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3 (2): 283 - 410.","Plowman, T. C. (1987) Ten new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Fieldiana, Botany 19: 1 - 41.","Loiola, M. I. B. (2013) Erythroxylaceae. In: Forzza, R. C., Stehmann, J. R. & Nadruz, M. (coords.) Lista de especies da flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / 2012 / FB 000111 (accessed 12 Mayo 2013)."]}