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Real estate management is a complex process that consists of making or indicating decisions of both a tactical and strategic character. To ensure the realization of the tasks, real property owners need to adjust their services to respond to technological pressure, a dynamically changing market, and the demands of the customer, thus resulting in various innovations introduced by the owners in the process of the public housing management. A review of the subject literature was the source of the theoretical motivation to conduct the empirical research on the innovations implemented by property owners. The main objective of said research was to ascertain which innovations have been implemented by the entities that were owners of public property in the Częstochowa City Commune and how were they evaluated by the residents. A questionnaire survey was used to verify the hypotheses. Statistical analyses were also carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package, which was used to analyze basic descriptive statistics, including the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Student's t-test for independent samples, Spearman's rho correlation analysis, Pearson's r correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. The research presented in this paper was conducted in the Q3 and Q4 of 2020 among the residents of the public housing in Częstochowa, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. The measurement tool used was a survey form. The survey itself was submitted by 444 respondents (n = 444). The results of the research made it possible to determine which innovations were implemented by the municipality in question and to what extent they were important or for the residents. The main finding of the survey is that residents of the municipal housing stock consider the innovations implemented by the municipality to be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of the article is to identify activities of the municipality in the field of cooperation with the environment to develop appropriate pro-social activities in the management of municipal resources on the example of the Municipality of the City of Częstochowa. Design/methodology/approach: The research tool was a structured survey questionnaire prepared by the authors of the article. The survey was conducted in June 2022 among residents of municipal resources in the city of Częstochowa, the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. Findings: The research indicated that housing resource management processes should assume cooperation with the economic and scientific environment and the implementation of scientific research results in shaping models for municipal housing resource management to meet social needs, strengthen social ties and create new models in the field of municipal resource management. Research limitations/implications: In addition to scientific values, the study also has a practical aspect that can be used by municipalities and managers of municipal housing resources as support in conscious and effective planning and implementation of pro-social activities in resource management to improve the living conditions of residents. Practical implications: In the future it is reasonable to conduct further research on pro-social activities in municipalities. Specific examples of pro-social activities in municipal resources of various municipalities should be indicated and their perception by residents should be analyzed. Social implications: Due to the changes taking place in the resource, the development of techniques and information technologies, as well as in connection with demographic changes, growing expectations, needs and requirements of residents, it seems important to systematically carry out analyzes in this regard as well as to assess the impact of implemented solutions on the living conditions of the residents of the resource. Originality/value: The conducted research included in the article potentially extends the literature on the subject, presenting pro-social activities in municipal resources on a specific example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate responsibility is an effective management strategy which, through conducting social dialogue at the local level, contributes to increasing the competitiveness of enterprises at a global level and simultaneously shaping favourable conditions for social and economic development. A review of the literature on the subject provided the theoretical motivation to undertake an emirical study of the implemented social innovations by the property manager and their reception by resource residents. The main aim of this study was to diagnose the attitudes of residents towards the implementation of social innovations by the municipal property manager. The research presented in the above article has been conducted in the first and second quarter of 2021 among residents of the Department of Housing "TBS" (ZGM TBS) in Częstochowa, Silesian voivoideship, Poland. The research was conducted using the survey method. The measurement instrument was a prepared questionnaire. The survey was completed by 362 respondents (n = 362). To confirm the hypotheses, an analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Anov Kruskal–Wallis test were performed. In order to demonstrate the statistical significance of the assumptions made, the conducted tests were also supported by the p-value test. The research results undertaken made it possible to identify social innovations implemented by the municipal manager, both those which are expected by residents and those which tenants consider superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary economic entities function in various types of cooperation systems, which are primarily aimed at creating a competitive advantage and strengthening themselves in order to meet the requirements of competitors. One solution that can make a significant difference to one's market advantage is outsourcing. It is a response of enterprises to the constantly changing conditions of functioning in a turbulent environment and the emerging new directions and concepts in management. It should be stressed that the choice of outsourcing as a strategy means not only to outsource selected work to external entities, but first of all to retain those competencies of the company that cannot be replaced by anyone. This means that a company must retain a certain sphere of the so-called key areas of activity, which in a positive way distinguish it from the competition and allow it to build an effective market advantage. The main objective of the article is to identify the areas of operation that are the most common subject of outsourcing and the determinants that affect the choice of an outsourcing operator in manufacturing companies in Poland. The variety of aspects of the research subject matter, oscillating around the main objective, has made it necessary to formulate the following research hypotheses: Research Hypothesis H1—The basic criteria determining the selection of an outsourcing operator are: price, quality of services provided and reputation; Research Hypothesis H2—The most common subject of outsourcing is finance and security. The survey was conducted in 2020, in the pre-pandemic period, on a sample of N = 120, including owners/managers of manufacturing enterprises. A non-random sample selection was used. The questionnaires were sent to 200 companies, however, only 126 were completed, of which 6 were not completed in full and were therefore rejected. The verification of the hypothesis was carried out using the chi-square test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of succession has been more and more frequent in investigations concerning the future of agricultural farms in Poland. The reducing number of inhabitants, ageing society and a declining number of new births are only some of the factors which highlight this problem. The focus of the study was on the agricultural farms in the case of accidental events such as death or serious illness that makes it impossible for the owner to make representations and sign on behalf of the business solely. These problems are critical from the standpoint of ensuring the continuous operation of the farm. The study was carried out with using a questionnaire and analysis of the independence of the Chi-square test (χ2). Most of the farmers studied think about what would happen in the case of their permanent loss of ability to manage the farm, and especially in the case of their sudden death. The opportunities for presence of other negative events such as serious illnesses seem to be neglected by those who manage agricultural farms. This is likely to be due to the psychological reluctance to think and prepare for such difficult scenarios. The study also demonstrated the lack of correlation between the size of agricultural farm and securing farmers against the accidental events. A moderate relationship was observed only at the level of general planning of the future of the agricultural farm. One of the popular forms among the owners of agricultural farms was establishment of a kind of mortis causa plenipotentiary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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