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The managing of Hope Family Program or Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is the supervisor of the business unit in the form of electronic warung gotong royong (e-Warong) which is a social assistance program to synergies between PKH and the Joint Venture Group or Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). PKH of Bantur’s subdistrict experienced several problems related to financial management for their business activities, especially their inventory recording and they were not aware to promote through marketplaces. Therefore by the program of community service the University of Merdeka Malang, PKH Bantur’s subdistrict was expected to be able to gain an understanding of inventory recording and marketing to solve their problems by using google forms, google spreadsheet, and Shopee. There are three methods for these activities: lectures, practices, and discussions. These activities are divided into two sessions. The first session was introducing the importance of financial management, inventory management, and the use of google form and google spreadsheet. The second session explained digital marketing and the use of Shopee. The participants looked enthusiastic during the event. Through these activities, participants can understand the importance of managing inventory, the benefits of google form and google spreadsheets to control their inventory, also they can use Shopee as marketing media to gain more income.

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this case are product innovation, the importance of consumer insights and data in marketing and the role of consumer insights in brand revival. Case overview/synopsis This case study is a fascinating look into how the shift from music compact disc (CDs) to streaming has completely changed consumer behavior. This change in attitude led many music labels down one of two paths as follows: shutting down the business or embracing new business models. The case study aims to bring out essential learning from a company, Saregama, that was on the verge of shutting down because of the losses incurred with the shift in consumer behavior from buying music CDs to streaming music for free on every smart device. This shift led most record companies to become shuttered. However, not all were as fortunate as Saregama, who threaded its way toward profitability. This case analyzes how Saregama turned from a loss-making business unit into a profit center by launching a breakthrough product backed by innovative thinking and strong consumer research. The researcher opted for secondary research based on reports from Deloitte and McKinsey & Company and other credible sources to understand the music streaming market in India. The study also includes excerpts from the interview of Vikram Mehra (MD of Saregama India Ltd.) to various media houses and customer reviews on e-commerce sites. Complexity academic level The case is relevant for learners studying for an undergraduate or graduate program and for discussions for modules such as marketing management and international marketing with a focus on product development and strategy. Applicability the case will provide the following exposure to the learners: the difference between corporate and marketing objectives; Using frameworks such as valuable, rare, inimitable, and organization and SAP-LAP to understand the rationale behind strategic decisions; An understanding of the importance of listening to consumers; Using the right marketing elements such as segmentation, targeting and positioning and marketing mix for a competitive marketing strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 8 Marketing.

The shoe laundry business is one type of MSMEs in the fashion sector which is included in the creative service industry. The demand for the shoe laundry business is increasing, especially for students, workers as well as busy housewives. Shoe laundry services are an alternative to save time and energy. To be able to maintain existence in achieving the goals of a business unit, a development strategy needs to be done. This study aims to identify internal and external factors, analyze the factors that influence the Step'nShu laundry development strategy and determine the formulation of a development strategy. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling method. The number of respondents was 5 respondents who are owners, employees, fashion experts. The research was conducted using the key success factor analysis tool, IFE, EFE to analyze internal and external factors of the Step'nShu Laundry Shoes, IE matrix to see where Step'nShu's position, SWOT to map alternative strategies and QSPM to formulate strategic priorities. Based on the research results, The strategy formulation results from the SWOT analysis resulted in eight alternative strategies, namely utilizing social media and education about shoe laundry, clarifying the positioning of the Step'nShu Laundry Shoes, more active and consistent promotion, better employee recruitment, studying competition with similar services, holding events regarding socialization of shoe hygiene, using the latest shoe washing technology tools and planning to open new branches. The QSPM analysis produces the main priority strategy, namely promotions that are carried out more actively and consistently. Keywords: development strategy, EFE, IFE, SWOT, QSPM.

PurposeThis study aims to offer and validate an integrated marketing capability-product innovations framework. Particularly, it aims to examine the role of adaptive marketing capability in enabling market ambidexterity and incremental as well as radical product innovation. Also it intends to investigate the moderating role of transformational leadership between adaptive marketing capability and market ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachManufacturing firms in Pakistan, an emerging economy, are taken as the context for this study. A designed survey questionnaire is used for data collection. Partial least square technique is employed to empirically validate and test the hypothesized model with a sample of 192 manufacturing firms. Particularly, the two-stage approach in SmartPLS is used to validate measurement models, and structural equation modeling technique is used to test the proposed hypothesis.FindingsThe findings not only confirm that adaptive marketing capability is instrumental to both incremental and radical product innovations but also reveal that adaptive marketing capability serves an important antecedent to market ambidexterity shedding new lights on its mediating role in the relationship of adaptive marketing capability with incremental and radical product innovations. Moreover, the results find that the effectiveness of adaptive marketing capability to support market ambidexterity may involve a possible trade-off between exploitation and exploration when the leaders exhibit a low or high level of transformational leadership behavior.Originality/valueThis study contributes to outside-in strategic perspective and contextual ambidexterity literature by revealing the role of adaptive marketing capability as an important enabler of market ambidexterity which, in turn, allows the firm to simultaneously introduce incremental and radical product innovations. In this way, this study advances the current understanding of the antecedents and consequences of contextual ambidexterity. Also, this study provides insight into the types of capabilities needed for the firm's contextual and employees' behavioral adaptation to simultaneously manage exploitation and exploration within the same business unit which was lacking in the previous literature. Further, this study also offers a novel understanding of the conditional role of transformational leadership between adaptive marketing capability and market ambidexterity.

Objective: This study aims to analyze customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products and their effect on customer satisfaction at Kimia Farma Pharmacy, Bekasi Business Unit. Methods: This research uses a quantitative study approach with a descriptive design. Samples or respondents totaled 312 people. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and agency documents. Results: The results showed that the respondents' knowledge, attitudes and actions in self-medicated service products had quite good results. Respondents who have knowledge of self-medicated service products are 54.225%, 67% of respondents have good attitudes and 61% of actions. The results of data analysis show that the influence of customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products on customer satisfaction is 0.410 or the power of influence is 41.0%, the rest is influenced by other factors. While the influence of customer behavior on the decision to buy self-medicated service products is 0.347 or 34.7%, the rest is influenced by other factors. Conclusion: Customer satisfaction is quite high which illustrates that Kimia Farma Pharmacy Bekasi Business Unit has tried to fulfill customer desires by providing adequate service.

The assisting Village development program is an activity carried out by the Andalas University Community Service Organization to Help Nagari improve the community economy in nagari Sungai Kamuyang, Luak District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. It was implemented to help the Sungai Kamuyang village solve problems that hinder Nagari development. The problem faced by Nagari Sungai Kamuyang is that the utilization of natural and other resources is not optimal so that the poverty rate in this village is still quite high. Meanwhile, BUMNag which has been operating since 2017 have not been able to contribute to the original income of the village and foster economic activities for poverty alleviation. The general objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of BUMNag Sungai Kamuyang in developing its business to support the achievement of an independent Nagari, while the specific objective will be to map out the overall management problems of BUMNag Sungai Kamuyang, identify potential and strategic business units that can be implemented, compile business plans. to these potential and strategic business units and conduct business training and mentoring (training and mentoring) for the Sungai Kamuyang BUMNag Management Team in order to strengthen their capacity as a professional business entity. The solution offered is to carry out activities to increase the capacity of BUMNag businesses so that BUMNag become village business entities that are able to contribute to the village government.

Purpose This paper aims to present a new framework that describes the relationship among market entry order and timing, the advantages accruing to first-movers and late-movers, entry timing premium (ETP), marketing strategy and enduring market performance of the firms. The framework, empirically tested using data from 241 business executives, expands extant research into new territory beyond first- and late-mover advantages in an attempt to reconcile a few streams of research in the area and provides an entry related, strategic assessment tool (ETP) for the managers. Contribution to marketing strategy theory and managerial implications are also presented. Design/methodology/approach Participants included informants in a firm’s strategic business unit who were the most familiar with a new product’s commercial launch, market condition at launch, competitor offerings, marketing activities and capabilities and eventual integration into or withdrawal from the product’s portfolio. Therefore, for the survey, the study targeted chief executive officers, vice presidents of marketing or sales, product or sales managers, general managers and regional managers. Both preference bias (Narus, 1984) and survivor biases among the respondents were addressed. Findings The research result of this study reveals two very significant aspects of marketing and marketing strategies. First, the importance of financial, pricing and cost strategies further attests to the fiercely competitive nature of the global market today and the tendency for firms to commoditize most products and services. An effective financial and pricing strategy, coupled with a higher level of ETP, is capable of leading a firm to initial market success in the product-market in which it competes. Both ETP (a positional advantage and resource of the firm) and financial and pricing strategies (a deliberate strategic decision of the management) are important to achieve this goal. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in several ways. The effects of entry order and timing on market performance could be dependent on the types of industries and types of product categories involved. However, as the hypotheses were well supported, the “industry specific” factors would provide “fine-tuning” in the future study. Second, the nature of the product (goods or services) may also present varying effects on the relationship studied (for differences between manufacturing and service firms in pioneering advantages, see Song et al., 1999). Services’ intangible nature, difficulty in protecting property rights, high involvement of boundary-spanning employees and customers, high reliance on delivery and quality, and ease of imitation may alter the proposed relationships in the model and the moderating effects. Third, although this study used a “retrospective” protocol approach in the data collection by encouraging respondents to recall market, product and business information, this study is not longitudinal. Lack of longitudinal data in any study involving strategic planning, strategy execution and the long-term effects is no doubt a weakness. In addition, due to peculiarity and complexity with regard to regulation and other aspects in pharmaceutical and other industries, the theory might be limited to a certain extent. Practical implications In all, the integrated framework contributes to the understanding of the intricate issues surrounding first-mover advantage, late-mover advantage, entry order and timing and the role of marketing strategy. The framework provides practitioners guidance as to when to enter a product-market to gain advantageous positions and how to maintain that advantage. Firms that use a deliberate late-mover strategy could also benefit from the research finding in mapping out their strategic courses of action. Originality/value This study believes that the halo effect surrounding first-mover advantage may have obscured the visions of some researchers and managers, and the pursuit of a silver bullet has led to frenzied interests in becoming a “first-mover” or a deliberate “late-mover”. The theoretical framework, which is substantiated by empirical testing, invalidates the long-held claim that entry of a particular kind (first-movers or late-movers) yields any unique competitive advantage. It is a firms’ careful selection of marketing strategies and careful execution of the strategies through effective operational tactics that would lead to enduring competitive advantage, under an adequate level of ETP.

The purpose of this research is to describe and understand first, how the effectiveness of Nagari Owned Enterprises in increasing Nagari Original Income in Nagari Kataping second, what are the obstacles encountered in making Nagari Owned Enterprises effective in increasing Nagari Original Income in Nagari Kataping third, what efforts are being made to make Nagari-Owned Enterprises effective in increasing Asli Nagari's income in Nagari Kataping. This research uses qualitative methods and descriptive approaches. The research was conducted at Nagari Kataping location, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency. Research informants are determined by technique purposive sampling. The data used in this research are secondary data and primary data. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. So that the data obtained can be concluded from the data obtained in the field. The conclusion of this study is the effectiveness of Nagari-owned enterprises (BUMNag) in increasing Nagari Original Income in Nagari Kataping can not be effective. This is because in the management of the Nagari-Owned Enterprises (BUMNag) business unit that is less competent, the results of the business being managed have no development and are estimated to be losing money.

PurposeMarketing doctrine (MD) refers to a “firm's unique principles, distilled from its experiences, which provide firm-wide guidance on market-facing choices” (Challagalla et al., 2014, p. 4). Drawing on the knowledge-based view, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model of how MD is used and provide the first quantitative test of its relationship with business success.Design/methodology/approachThe authors advance the understanding of MD by providing a mixed-methods paper. In Study 1, a survey-based quantitative study was used. The final sample comprised 349 internationally active strategic business units (SBUs) of Israeli firms. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Study 2 provides insights into the use of MD based on 20 in-depth interviews.FindingsThe cross-sectional evidence shows that there tends to be more MD Use in higher-performing firms. The important roles of MD Clarity and MD Knowledgeability as mobilising processes of MD Use are demonstrated. Learning by doing impacts MD Use only through MD Clarity and MD Knowledgeability.Practical implicationsMD is a new strategic tool that can be applied practically. MD may provide a straightforward way of communication between international ventures. MD Use may allow global consistency and flexibility within local markets, simultaneously. Therefore, marketing managers are advised to supplement MD to their portfolio of management tools.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to investigate empirically, through newly developed scales, whether and how MD's core processes (learning by doing, MD Clarity, MD Knowledgeability and MD Use) are related to the success of international ventures.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the present status of customer support services (CSS) and advocate the re-positioning of support services from an administrative cost center to a strategic profit center. Authors demonstrate how customer support or after sales services can be a source of competitive advantage and revenue generation for firms. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a conceptual approach grounded in theoretical foundations of service dominant logic, customer loyalty and customer centricity along with practical illustrations from the industry. Findings Following the tenets of theory, review of existing research and analysis of the industry practices, the authors propose a new framework to enable the repositioning of customer service function. The key propositions include establishing customer support as separate business unit and insights center, introducing a new role of a C-level chief customer support officer to lead the customer support unit, adopting a customer-centric culture and process, enabling frontline IT support and investing in frontline employee skills development. Research limitations/implications Academics should examine the potential of customer support, where the strategic importance is low at present, leading to customer dissatisfaction. The new approach and positioning of customer support calls for a new direction for research in this area focusing on enablers, challenges and further implications. To succeed in this competitive era, firms should be conscious of the value of customer service and undertake concrete actions to generate value for all stakeholders. Practical implications Industry can use the new framework and re-position CSS of the organizations. The CSS unit can be different from other business units in the organizations. The CSS would evolve and emerge from the live customer insights. CSS unit can be managed by the C level chief CSS officer. Customer-centric culture would be developed and front line processes can be made customer-oriented by the officer. Thus, this paper and framework would provide new customer-centric directions to the organizations for effective functioning. Originality/value This is the original piece that has emerged from the experience and expertise of the authors.

Quality is one inseparable attributes that should be noted in fulfilling consumers’ need and expectation. Each product must have certain advantages in order to be able to compete in the market. Customers’ loyalty is the key to sustainable quality improvement. CV X is a business unit located in Malang selling various snack souvenirs products from Malang. This souvenirs shop has become one of the main destinations for shopping snack souvenirs in Malang. Furthermore, jackfruit chips are one of the most popular fruit chips sold by CV X. The increasing popularity of jackfruit chips in the market will affect the quality expected by consumers. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is one of the most effective tools that can support a company or business unit by creating a response to consumer needs, explaining consumer’s demand toward certain products and determining any process needed to meet consumer’s expectations. The objective of this study is to analyze several attributes that affect consumer satisfaction on jackfruit chips produced by CV X. The results of this study suggest that a product with stable volume is in the first place with the value of 7. Meanwhile, from the data analyzed with Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) Analysis, the result indicates that the product value is on the S-O position, with specific indicators of having a competitive price and market leader. Keywords : jackfruit chips, improvement strategy, quality function deployment

This study aims to compare the omzet between offline and online sales in the shredded fish business unit in Makassar. This research lasted for two months using qualitative and quantitative research types with a purposive method in sampling. This research uses observation, interview, and literature study techniques in data collection methods and acceptance formulas for calculating quantitative data. The data used in this study are primary data that is data obtained after conducting interviews with three shredded fish business units in Makassar, interviews conducted related to offline and online sales efforts conducted by each business unit and secondary data obtained from the results report sales and literature that supports research from three shredded fish business units in Makassar. Based on the results of the study showed an average offline sales turnover of Rp 3.772.000 and online sales of Rp 24.132.430, where offline only uses production sites and entrusted to sell in stores, while online uses the application WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Gojek, and Grab so that the wider market reach.

The high demands of customers on the reliability of the quality of electric power to the government's efforts to meet electricity needs through the 35,000 MW Program pose a serious challenge to PLN. The crucial condition of the distribution section is the spearhead of PLN in preparing leaders who understand the culture and business challenges. PLN has not used a character approach to place employees according to the Type of Position that has different job demands and characters. The problems faced by PLN in implementing talent management, the difficulty in determining talent in the right position (the right man in the right place) with the target of preparing future leaders 25% of the total 49,100 employees to PLN as an Organizational Leader. The PESTEL Analysis method that considers strategic issues and critical success factors (CSF) generated Talent Profile Data with personality preferences measured by MBTI and DISC test kits. The purpose of this study is to create a Business Unit Character Profile and Talent Personality Profile. The results of the study formed the personal character of talent 140 employees or 68% of the talent pool, Character Model Work units have been classified from external challenges in the work unit and issued a decree mutation promotion of top supervisors and basic managers 33 people who went up and 48 people up the level of the organization. Impacted performance improvement PLN East Java Distribution achieved the best performance (94.1) and NKO Value 95.0 in 2017.

New drug introductions are key to growth for pharmaceutical firms. However, not all innovations are the same and they may have differential effects that vary by firm size. We use quarterly sales data on UK pharmaceuticals in a dynamic panel model to estimate the impact of product (new drugs) and marketing (additional pack varieties) innovations within a therapeutic class on a firm’s business unit growth. We find that product innovations lead to substantial growth in both the short and long run, whereas a new pack variety only produces short-term effects. The strategies are substitutes but the marginal effects are larger for product innovations relative to additional packs, and the effects are larger for smaller business units. Nonetheless, pack introductions offer a viable short-term growth strategy, especially for small- and medium-sized businesses.

This research to identify the condition of human resources in Village-Owned Business Entity (abbreviated as VOBE in this research) that ever inactive in West Tanjungjabung Regency . The method used in this research is survey with descriptive analysis. The result showed from 27 VOBE that were ever inactive in 2017, there are still 2 villages that haven't started to operate yet since they were built, due to passive administrators. Dominant businesses are service and trade. There was advantegous business unit in the VOBE, it didn’t prevent the VOBE to stop operating. The knowledge of VOBE management owned by respondents who are the village head and the head of VOBE was categorized as deficient. The motivation of the village head was in avarage category while the head of VOBE was persistence in the deficient level. The communication between respondents was categorized as adequate. Even though the head of village had avarage motivation, passable communication skill as the advisor, his knowledge was still minimum. The other obstacles for the village head was the head of VOBE was also having minimun knowledge about managing VOBE and also lack of motivation to run it.

Research within the field of small business strategic management for business management and strategy at the Bahalap batik house in Central Kalimantan. The importance of market support and learning skills. The aims of this analysis are to enhance the performance of small businesses with strategic management that supports the variables that support the market and to find out lessons to improve positive leads to small businesses within the Bahalap batik house, by supporting the market must produce merchandise that matches the requirements of customers. analysis ways with structured interviews and quantitative questionnaires victimization SPSS 24.0, on 50 customers. The implications of strategic management analysis are necessary for small businesses to urge innovation support. Encouragement of the business unit's ability of market objectives and learning objectives within the business atmosphere as a business strategy and to realize the vision goals, the mission of tiny businesses Increasing small businesses to support small businesses through strategic management will facilitate alternative analysis to develop strategic management.

A Novartis social business in India completely separated the activities of its social and business units—the former engaging in raising the health awareness of villagers and encouraging them to visit free health camps, while the latter developed affordable medicine delivered directly to village pharmacies. Connections between these units were made through open and fluid market-type mechanisms, and by appealing to the needs and interests of villagers with incentives. This synchronized business model was developed partly because Novartis believed in villagers' self-initiated behavior for health improvements, which made it not interfere into marginalized institutions, and more significantly because it used its internalized control and coordination systems with clear goals of social contribution in operating the business unit. Consequently, Novartis achieved economies of scale, business sustainability, and social contribution.

As a special food that has become an icon of a region, Bakpia is very important for people's lives, especially when viewed from an economic perspective. The existence of Bakpia has given a lot of blessings to the weak economy groups that are not absorbed into the formal sector. Thus, this study describes the Bakpia business unit along with individuals and the competency involved in it, Bakpia as a tourism industry, the economic implications of Bakpia, and the impact of its development on the Pathuk community. This research is qualitative research, both positioned as a primary source and as part of the explanation in the effort to reconstruct the development of Bakpia. This causes the facts obtained from the resource persons to be agreed so that they meet the requirements to be part of the results. Related to economic studies, it is being discussed in the preparation of the study's thought flow. The consideration, namely the development of Bakpia changes and cannot be separated from the licensing of the informal city economic sector. Sectors that support economic actors are not enumerated by statistical data so that they are often considered as one of the main concerns of the city. Keywords: culinary, bakpia, tourism industry, social impact

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of the higher education academic staffs in IT governance studies and the future improvement for IT governance and controls. This research used a quantitative survey to identify the current state of IT governance for five higher education institutions in East Java, Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to post-graduate student as IT executives in their higher education institution. A total of 34 out of 40 post academic staffs completed the questionnaire, representing a response rate of 85 percent. This study found that attributes for deliver value (V2), attainment and retain people with key competencies (V6), capture knowledge to improve performance (V10), stakeholder satisfaction (V11), reach economies of scale (V17) , deliver successul IT project (V19), understand business unit strategies (V20), and understand emerging technologies (V22) show no significant difference (p 0.05) between mean interests and performance. In addition to these, other 15 attributes show significant differences in the t-test in the negative direction. This points to the fact that actual control of IT governance in colleges is monitored less than expected. Therefore, five higher education institutions in East Java should pay more attention to the identified attributes important to balance the gap between the importance and performance of these attributes.

Village-owned enterprises is a business unit established and managed by villagers. Having different characteristics between one village and another village in accordance with the advantages and potential of each. Karangrejo Village is located in the Borobudur Temple area as a unique opportunity for tourism development. This village chose to develop agro-tourism under the name Kampung Palawija and Kampung Organic. However, currently Village-Owned Enterprises has no manager and management because of the decline in agricultural attractiveness for villagers. To overcome this problem the service team provided solutions to the problem, namely by the method of "agrifun" and training on Village-Owned Enterprises agro-tourism management. The results obtained from this activity are rising agricultural interest for children who in the future will manage and adding agro-tourism activities and good managing Village-Owned Enterprises. With this resulting can guarantee Village-Owned Enterprises has sustainable in long time.

The community service program aims to provide knowledge to the village government and village community about the potential of Tanah Merah Village and assistance in mapping the potential of the village. With this service activity, it is expected that the knowledge of the village government and the village community about the potential of the village owned will increase so that the results of the village discussion will be decided upon which business units will be formed to develop the Tamer Mandiri BUMDes business unit. The method used in this activity is to conduct pre-test, counseling, simulation, question and answer, post test, and evaluation. The results of the community service activities are as expected, namely an increase in knowledge of village potential mapping and an understanding that each village must have the potential to be developed into the BUMDes Tamer Mandiri business unit.

The purpose of this study is to identify the conditions and institutional role of coconut agribusiness in North Sulawesi; formulate a strategy model for institutional development of coconut agribusiness in North Sulawesi Province. The study was conducted in the highest coconut producing area in North Sulawesi with qualitative methods supported by quantitative data through the use of Structural Conduct Performance (SCP) analysis and Interpretative Structural Modeling analysis. The technique for determining informants is purposive sampling. The grand theory in this research is institutional theory and agribusiness theory. The coconut agribusiness institution in North Sulawesi identified several types that play a role, namely: farmer groups, transportation businesses, universities, banks, cooperatives, field extension workers (ppl), collectors, middlemen, industries, wholesalers and village regulations. Strategies and programs for developing coconut agribusiness institutions in North Sulawesi that refer to the role of tertiary institutions as key sub-elements of the institutional elements involved: a. Training for farmers and institutions involved in coconut agribusiness; b. Provision of experts in running a coconut agribusiness business unit; c. Assistance in each coconut agribusiness business unit.

Resource Based View (RBV) is used to identify problems faced by SMEs. Based on the results of SWOT analysis, it can be seen that SMEs have six problems. These problems include: limited human resources, lack of advanced technology, not having enough knowledge about the target market, not having a good enough SMES management systems, competitor competition, and price from suppliers that fluctuate. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Innovative Performance. This study uses questionnaire as a research instrument for 35 respondents, SMEs who sell snacks in Surabaya city. The results of this study indicated that Entrepreneurial Marketing, consisting of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation, has a positive and significant influence on Innovative Performance of SMEs. This shows that the SMES business unit that implements Entrepreneurial Marketing will experience an increase in the performance of the business unit

Japanese taro (Satoimo) is one type of plant rich in carbohydrate content, which is good for human health. Therefore, this food crop is also a staple food of Japanese society, because it is believed to provide very good benefits for the body. In Indonesia, nowadays there have been a lot of Japanese taro or satoimo cultivation. In addition to the content contained in Japanese taro plants for health benefits, Japanese taro can also be processed into a variety of products, such as chips, juice, ice cream, dry pastries, croquettes, pudding, handbody, shampoo, and soap products that are all made from satoimo. In addition to having a good content if consumed, Japanese taro is also useful for beauty ingredients. Armed with knowledge and creativity, students are inspired to create a business unit that produces Japanese taro-based soap. It is hoped that through the support of the supervisor, it will be integrated into an Entrepreneurial Student Program (PMW-Unhas) and this business is expected to grow and develop. The problem is how students sharpen their talents and interests as entrepreneurs, understand and take advantage of market opportunities for these products. The objectives of making this business are: (1) building soft skills or entrepreneurial character; (2) develop new entrepreneurs who are highly educated and have the mindset of creating jobs; (3) encourage the growth, development or formation of institutions (units / centers) for managing entrepreneurship programs in universities. The method of implementation includes: (1) revealing the ability of human resources, especially in the founders and business actors; (2) delivering information material through social media about matters relating to Japanese taro and satoimo soap; (3) disclosing the development of production and potential supporting factors for increasing production and improving the quality of satoimo soap products. The assistance results show that, (1) Human resources founding the satoimo soap innovator have decent potential and strong motivation in running the business, even though they are still students; (2) Japanese taro-based products can serve as a place to introduce products and can be channeled through various social media so that it is very important as information for the community; (3) This business venture begins to experience growth and is known by the community. The characteristics of Japanese taro as one of the basic ingredients in making natural soaps are rich in nutrients and nutrients that are good for health and the body. It can be concluded that producing Japanese taro satoimo soap is very potential to be developed.Keywords: Satoimo Soap, Talas Japan, PKM-CSR

“Bakpia Ivan", Small and Medium Business Unit is managed by family and hereditary manner, so that several times there are employee turnover and sometimes causes the production process to be slightly inhibited. Another thing that is a problem is the lack of awareness of the product packaging process (creative packaging) that is able to attract consumer interest and from the side of packaging security. This problem is linear unoptimal brand awareness and brand patent rights, so that when the product arrives at the reseller, the packaging is often replaced with other brands even though the contents are Bakpia Ivan. The purpose of this public service activity, first is to increase awareness of product packaging, positioning. Secondly, providing socialization and training about creative packaging, starting from the most basic capabilities. The method used in this activity is socialization and training. First, socializing and demonstrating how to begin packaging. Secondly, renew the logo design. Third, conduct social experiments related to logo renewal. The result of this activity is the acceptance of product packaging updates by the market so it can be expand sales and market segmentation. Second, the renewal of the logo / packaging design will be increasingly recognized and realized loyal consumers. Keywords: creative packaging, bakpia ivan, segmentation, positioning

The proposed Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) will provide solutions to the constraints of BUMG in developing new business units by innovating environmentally friendly and effective bricks without burning. Partners in this case the village BUMG Seneubok Baroh have abundant natural resources, one of which is the availability of clay as a basic ingredient in making bricks without burning. The problem faced by partners now is that BUMG is not running effectively, the lack of knowledge from BUMG managers in utilizing the potential of SDA in developing new businesses that are able to improve the welfare of the village. the methods of service activities used include training and mentoring in the making of new BUMG businesses, ie bricks without burning, provision and training of brick molding tools, website-based e-commerce creation and training and financial application training. The level of achievement can be seen in terms of attitudes, socio-cultural, and economic changes in the target community with the existence of a new business unit for BUMG which has not yet had a business unit, training partners for brick business operations without being burned, training business financial balance and training BUMG admins to managing websites for the promotion of brick businesses.

Firms use flexible work arrangements (FWAs) to attract, retain, and satisfy human resource capital, while workers use them to manage work and nonwork demands and to reduce stress and conflict. Yet, even when firms have such policies on the books, employees often do not use them because they perceive a lack of support from their organization or their supervisor. Employees may even feel that they will be stigmatized for using such policies. Using an ecological framework, we examine factors that influence support for FWAs at multiple levels: the organization or business unit, the supervisor or work group, and the individual. We offer recommendations to address the mechanisms that affect FWA support at these levels of analyses and present ways organizational leaders may positively influence a work environment by supporting workplace flexibility.

This study aims to develop a more dynamic and relational view of centers of excellence (CoE) within multinational enterprises (MNEs), that is, business units with specific and highly valuable competencies and knowledge, which are transferred and leveraged by other units of the MNE. We employ a longitudinal case study to analyze how, between 1986 and 2014, an external supplier progressively became a CoE within IKEA and even improved this role, thereby becoming increasingly important for the MNE. Particularly, we develop a model linking internal (resources, competencies, and structure) and external factors (exchange volumes, interorganizational routines, mutual dependence, trust and commitment, and identities) with changed network positions, which, in turn, define the intensity and importance of a CoE's role. Thus, the elements required to establish a CoE may not originate from the MNE's core competencies, but may be extracted, recombined, and integrated externally from the MNE's global supply network.

The issue of using marketing communication tools in the internet environment is quite extensive. Innovation of the usual procedures is usually influenced by market development. The presented study examines selected factors that may affect the acceptance of digital marketing tools in business practice in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of the study is to answer the basic question of whether company size influences the willingness to adopt online marketing tools within the usual communication mix. Based on a thorough empirical analysis performed on a sample of companies operating in the Central European market, it can be stated that company size does not play a role in adopting online marketing tools. Most organizations, regardless of their size, still have reservations about investing in digital marketing. On the other hand, previous experience is a key determinant to perceive the benefits of using the internet for business purposes. Organizations actively using online marketing tools evaluate their contribution to their business very positively. It is a well-known fact that product testing significantly increases the degree of its acceptance. This knowledge is one of the key starting points in traditional marketing. Obviously, this assumption needs to be taken into account in both physical and digital environments. At the same time, it should be noted that the application of the basic online marketing tools in business practice is a prerequisite for all subsequent online activities.

This paper aims to discover new small business clusters in the Southern Coast of West Java. Even though the location is gifted with a beautiful beach landscape and rich Sundanese culture, the majority of local people around the beach are poor. A new small business cluster managed by local people may help to reduce poverty and contributes to environmental sustainability. To accomplish the goal, fact and information are retrieved from an online interview session and an online survey. The result of the triangulation of data and observation has been the basis of a new business cluster. In Saganten village, the communities and the government can establish a village-owned enterprise that specifically gathers and fosters fishing groups. This village-owned enterprise also provides fishing boats to sail far. Besides, this village-owned enterprise can also establish a fish auction market and help promote seafood products made by housewives. The new business unit can help the housewives to produce the banana chips in a bigger scale. The main implication of the study is to establish a village-owned enterprise as soon as possible. The village-owned enterprise should apply cooperation, transparency, participation, accountability, and sustainable principles. Some challenges are waiting for the villages to develop the village-owned enterprises. First, improvement of business knowledge of local people; second, the intensive application of information technology and IT infrastructure development; and third, the development of high-quality tourism infrastructure in both locations.

Building on recent efforts to bring a socio-political perspective to social capital research, we develop and test a multilevel framework that explains why middle managers who occupy brokerage positions differ in their ability and willingness to engage in entrepreneurial behavior. More specifically, we provide a contextualized understanding of the links among middle managers' brokerage, their political-support ties, and their personal initiative. Results derived from data on 383 middle managers and 72 top managers in 34 business units indicate that political-support ties with top managers strengthen the relationship between middle managers’ brokerage and personal initiative. However, this positive effect depends on the social capital resources available in the focal business unit. It is attenuated in business units with a supportive and trusting social context and amplified in business units with high levels of internal connectedness. By uncovering these incompatibilities and complementarities, our study demonstrates the value of accounting for different social capital configurations and the interplay of their inherent social capital resources when examining the effects of brokerage on corporate entrepreneurship.

The interest of my research is Digital Transformation and Corporate Social Responsibility as an involvement for the Brand. In this way the “product platform” contributes to the improvement of competitive position of the Business Unit and Branding”, between the marketing process: Customer Relationship Management—Product Development Management—Customer Satisfaction. Weberian vision of ideal type as a concept—ideal limit to illustrate the significant elements of its own empirical content, tends to identify an overcoming from the role of consumer as target to the analysis of the techniques of profiling the humanization of the customer with his needs, fears and aspirations. The research project consists of three parts. In the first a deepening on the wide literature of international scope, above all “made in USA” regarding the market orientation—Industry 4.0—platform: the origin, the internal organization, the management, the communication strategies. In the second part focuses instead on brand analysis, to reconstruct the main social and economic projects while assessing the internal analytical coherence, ideological value and deducing the most significant operational indications. The third, on the other hand, explores corporate social responsibility through small and medium-sized enterprises with market orientation, a socially responsible management-driven approach, strategic enterprise orientation and business management, resulting from different synergistic combinations.

Background: The South African power utility is facing several challenges with regards to providing sustainable electricity to consumers. The power utility is also currently not demonstrating adequate efficiency or productivity, with high levels of leadership turnover. Aim: The aim was to assess servant leadership, including features of servant leadership in the power utility. The assessment also aimed at examining gender and age group perspectives in order to obtain a better understanding of servant leadership in the specific business unit of the power utility. Setting: A specific business unit of the South African power utility which is situated in the Free State Province. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study collected 771 responses from a convenience sample. Respondents completed measures of servant leadership. Statistical analysis included descriptive, reliability, validity and ANOVA calculations. Results: Servant leadership opinions indicate a lack of servant leadership features within the sample. Male respondents reported higher opinions with regards to stewardship, whilst statistical and practical differences were observed when comparing servant leadership across age groups. Conclusion: Literature indicates servant leadership can be a worthy contributor towards productivity and efficiency. The power utility has struggled to demonstrate adequate opinions of servant leadership and would require a well-formulated and well-implemented leadership development plan.

Nowadays, the existence of a business unit and the fact of the purchasing process are not enough by themselves to understand the consumer behaviour. Customers don’t only have different preferences, but they are also critical, with higher and higher expectations. To understand all of these we carried out studies in the fully transformed SPAR supermarket in Kaposvár in 2016 and 2017. Our aimed to completely come to know the effect that this renewed supermarket has on its customers. During we research the first pillar that determines the main aspects of choosing a shop and customer satisfaction. We mapped every inch of the shop by observations based on predefined criteria. We were exposed to direct communication with numerous consumers that helped me further to enlighten the strong and weak points of the shop. The first impression and all the information coming from direct experience had positive effect thanks to the reopening. When the business unit became more and more cognoscible, more and more difficulties and also positive experiences surfaced due to carrying out both purchasing process and specific researches as well. The observations supported the result of the surveying because amongst 159 customers the closeness of the shop and habit primarily dominated as the main factors when choosing a shop, besides the nice and fresh appearance. After the formerly mentioned come the prices and the importance of the quality of the products, in different order. Concerning the modernized supermarket, customers expressed either their satisfaction and loyalty or their dissatisfaction. However, by applying the Homburg-Stock employee satisfaction-loyalty matrix on the customers We founded that more than 80% of the responders are satisfied with the shop and 40% of the consumers confirmed their loyalty. Still, in order for the customer to form a certain degree of loyalty towards a product or a shop, the customer first have to be satisfied and the satisfaction has to be maintained. Over time the expectation and longing subside giving space to the routine and the monotonous circulation of customers that need to be resolved by the marketing tools of the supermarket.

Universities as higher education institutions are obliged to produce graduates who have an entrepreneurial activities and are highly competitive. Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur is one of the state universities that encourages and supports the potential of entrepreneurial activities by providing entrepreneurship courses to all students. The problem is the student business units that have been built during the courses did not develop even stopped due to the unavailability of facilities to accommodate the entrepreneurial products and services of UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students. This study aims to analyze and design an entrepreneurial information system as a marketplace for business units of UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students and alumni. This study uses the waterfall model as a software development that assist in understanding the specifications of entrepreneurship information system requirements. The results of the analysis and design of the Entrepreneurship Information System is a solution for encouraging and facilitating the potential of entrepreneurial activities in UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students and alumni. Student entrepreneurship information system can be an icon for UPN Veteran Jawa Timur as a marketplace for online business units thereby increasing economic opportunities for UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students-alumni.

The study aims to examine the financing profitability optimization as recorded by Sharia Business Unit of Regional Development Banks (RDBs) in Indonesia. The profitability measured by Net Operating Margin (NOM) and predicted variables were tested with the ratio of Operational Cost to Operational Income (BOPO), Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and Profit Sharing Financing (PSF). On the basis of the literature review conducted, the study proposed five path coefficients to impact NOM, of which the constructed direct path to NOM was three and two for indirect paths. Time series data used were obtained from annual reports and publication reports. Using Pearson Correlation and Path Analysis, the study has found that BOPO, PSF, and NPF contributed to impact to NOM directly, and PSF impacted NOM indirectly through BOPO. Interestingly, PSF recorded a negative impact on NOM, suggesting inefficiency matters faced by SBU of RDBs not contributed from PSF. Another interesting finding, NPF was found insignificant to BOPO, indicating loan default is not a major matter for inefficiency issue, but could be a tight financing policy.

There is an increasing interest among academics, top managers, stakeholders regarding green marketing and its potential to improve environmental performance. Considering the prominence green marketing has risen to in recent decades, it is surprising to note that marketing literature has drawn relatively limited attention to evaluation of green marketing performance at the level of business unit. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate methodological background for the evaluation of green marketing performance. Using multi-source data, the authors have found out that it is possible to ground the evaluation of green marketing performance on different methods, criteria and scales used for the evaluation of green marketing. The contribution of the present research focuses on suggesting well-founded guidelines for the evaluation of green marketing performance in a modern organisation. The study suggests evaluating performance of green marketing at strategic, tactical and operational levels.

Research background: At present, it is critical to raise awareness on how global trends of doing business within the framework of sustainable development affect the success of each business unit, integration associations, and apparently contribute to a nation’s prosperity. Thus, a study aimed at measuring the effects of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building brand equity of integrated business structures (IBS) will provide deeper insights into assessing the effectiveness and relevance of disseminating CSR practices. Purpose of the article: The paper attempts to evaluate the degree of effect of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building strong brand equity of integrated business structures. Methods: The participants in the assessment have been selected from the Forbes TOP 200 largest companies in Ukraine (the ranking was based not only on sales, such metrics as companies’ financial performance, total assets and their current assessed value were also considered). The input data on the CSR indices were obtained from the Center for CSR Development Ukraine. The index of loyalty to a certain brand was calculated as an integral ratio of satisfaction and importance to customers (based on online survey results). To analyze the impact of the endogenous variable of CSR on IBS branding effectiveness (customer loyalty index and brand equity) and its cost effectiveness, correlation regression and factor analysis methods were applied. Findings & Value added: This study demonstrates the feasibility and economic justification of the impact of socially responsible strategic partnerships on brand equity development for integrated business structures. The research has significant implications for brand management of integrated business structures by providing empirical evidence that will improve understanding of the need to implement the concept of socially responsible branding that right today resonates with the moral society.

Starting from the success of giant web service companies as well as Google and Facebook in managing and utilizing unstructured data in the form of consumer generated media and click stream in a very large volume, a concept known as Big Data then became the center attention in the world of information technology. The fact also shows that more and more organizations in the world, whether private companies or government agencies, have difficulty managing data whose volumes are growing and their types are increasingly complex. They have to organize and analyze these data, and they must find the meaning or value of the ever-expanding and increasingly complex data pile, which is said to have exceeded the capability of conventional data processing applications to process it. The condition of this kind of data is also categorized as Big Data, which is interpreted as a set of data in a very large number of challenges lies in how the data should be stored, how to search in the pile of data, how to distribute it, how to visualize it, and how the data should be analyzed. The long-term goal of IbKIK's proposed program is the establishment of a startup company in the field of analytic data from the world of campus directly. Within the planned three-year period, it is desirable that the company be financially self-sufficient by being a data analytics consultant and also creating a sophisticated and advanced Big Data Analytic application platform product. The advantages possessed when the company started from the academic world is the quantity and quality of human resources as intellectual actors can be selected quickly and accurately. Especially with the synchronization between the curriculum content that is taught with its implementation directly through the program IbKIK become useful products and economic value. From the academic point of view, the desired outcomes are from this program published several journals and proceedings of national and international scale, the publication of textbooks, getting HKI, and publications in the mass media. Also, with the success of this company can produce a derivative company engaged in other areas that are still related as a supporter of the business. The product output of the community service activity that has been done for the first year of the planned three years period is the establishment of a Product Information System Sold on E-Commerce Transactions at Market Place. Also, has been established research unit as the forerunner of the business unit under the auspices of the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Sumatera Utara under the name Data Science Research Group.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how firms can better manage new product development (NPD) for international markets (IMs). This is not a trivial task as, for most firms, NPD still tends to be rooted in domestic operations.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes IM information (IMI) use across three stages of the NPD process (concept development, product development and commercialization) as a key driver of international NPD performance. This study also examines two antecedents of such usage: international firm experience; and international innovation culture. A conceptual framework is tested using structural equation modeling, based on data from 137 strategic business units of German firms.FindingsThe use of IMI during commercialization has a U-shaped (positive quadratic) relationship with international NPD performance, whereas curvilinear relationships in the concept and product-development stages cannot be confirmed. Having an internationally oriented innovation culture increases the level of IMI usage in all NPD process stages, while a firm’s international experience only does so in the commercialization stage. Thus, international experience does not necessarily impact access to and understanding of IMI in the early NPD stages.Research limitations/implicationsThis study furthers understanding of NPD phenomena in an international context. However, future studies might consider exploring the mixed patterns of IMI use and NPD performance by looking at new forms and tools of market information management. Moreover, they may uncover more drivers of IMI use and test their frameworks in different contexts.Practical implicationsManagers should emphasize IMI use throughout the whole NPD process, even in the traditionally more R&D-focused product-development stage. Managers should strive to establish a corporate culture that views IMs as opportunities rather than liabilities.Originality/valueThis is the first study both to examine the relative impact of IMI use across all distinct NPD stages simultaneously on international NPD performance and to use quadratic effects to explain the relationship.

With the development of the era, many emerging modern pesantren, which has combined the science of religion and general science, in the learning materials for students santri. This study aims to explore how pesantren pondok seeks to increase its capacity, which can be done one of them through the development and management of business units boarding school. The method used is qualitative method, because it will reveal detailed data related to business unit financial management at boarding school, which can support operational activities and increase the capacity of pesantren cottage. In this research, it can be concluded that with the growth of business units owned by pesantren pondok, whose financial management is done regularly and correctly, can be known correctly the profit generated by each business unit. Where the benefits, which will be distributed for the development of boarding school.

In the past, the research on 3C electric appliances was always directed into business unit strategy or resource-based theory as the main point of view for the enhancement of competitive advantages; however, the discussion on business unit in the past, focused on the sharing and expansion of the firm and structural unit more. In addition, the resource-based theory also focused on the controversy of dynamic point of view caused by the internal resource uniqueness of the firm too much. In this study, in order to understand the real situation of chain channel of Taiwan 3C electric appliances, E-Life Mall, Tsann Kuen 3C, Sunfar 3C, and U-LITE ELECTRIC CO., LTD, were selected as the objects, focusing on 32 high-level managers of chain of 3C electric appliances. This study used grounded theory, open coding, axial coding, select coding to analyze and proposed theoretical propositions in the end. The contribution of this study is to show the insights of “Saturated Model in Dynamic Theory on Chain Channel of Taiwan 3C Electric Appliances”, in hoping to propose the academic referential index and a good operational direction of retail market managers in chain channel of Taiwan 3C electric appliances.

This research is motivated by the development of times that are very rapid and increasingly modern so as to provide a boost to system changes both in terms of transactions, sales and marketing. The rise of virtual commerce or what is often called Online Business has a big influence on trade in the real world, as happened in our KDS in the Fathimatuzzahra ’PP region. Nurul Jadid. Before the online business that entered the KDS pesantren we experienced an increase in sales. However, after the existence of an online business that is increasingly prevalent in boarding schools causing fluctuations in sales at KDS, we are.This research was carried out to find out: (1) the impact that arises with the existence of an online business against fluctuations in sales in the KDS cooperative. (2) Steps of KDS cooperatives We are in maintaining consumer interest.Online business is a business whose trade is connected through the internet network. Sales fluctuations are the rate of dynamic change in the supply or production of producer goods within a certain period of time. Whereas KDS We are a business unit of pesantren which is different in nature from kopresai in general. This research is a type of qualitative research. This study chose a business unit in the Fatimatuzzahro region in the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews and documentation. The validity of the data is tested by triangulation. Data analysis techniques in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. After carrying out the research, the researcher concluded that the impact arising from the proliferation of Online sales was the decrease in KDS income. We were based on the monthly sales report of KDS. We were. and the steps taken to overcome the problem of decreasing income in our KDS are by increasing the promotion strategy, lottery coupons and price discounts.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of multidimensional engagement (job engagement and organization engagement) on retail stores’ performance directly and indirectly through job performance and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from frontline retail store employees. A variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS) is used to examine the relationships between multidimensional engagement, job performance, job satisfaction, and store performance. The bootstrap method was applied to examine the mediation role of job performance and job satisfaction. Findings This study supports the existence of a multi-dimension engagement consisting of job engagement and organization engagement and the relationship between these engagements. Further, this study reveals that job engagement and organization engagement are important determinants of store performance. Practical implications This study provides an avenue for retail store managers to increase their store performance through the development of employee engagement. To improve the store performance, this study suggests that store managers provide a challenging job and encourage employees to use their creativity in serving customers. It is also important to store managers to support employees in performing their jobs, including procedural fairness in stores. Originality/value This study is one of the first attempts to examine the effect of multidimensional engagement on organization performance at a business unit level (retail store).

Dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java has been threatened to be failure in achieving the target of Milk Self-Capacity By 2020. The reason of this failure threat is low productivity among dairy cattle milk entrepreneurs. Productivity is closely related with performance of dairy cattle milk business units, but this performance is affected by factors such as organizational learning, market orientation and job satisfaction. The objective of this research is to understand the contribution of organizational learning and market orientation on business unit performance through mediation of job satisfaction. This research is designed to use quantitative approach. The causal relationship across research variables is examined with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Research population is 52 dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java. Sampling method is simple random sampling, and after using this sampling to populaton, it results in a sample of 46 cooperatives. Data are collected through questionnaire. Questions on questionnaire are made and processed with Software SmartPLS Version 3.27. Research has given some results: (1) Organizational Learning and Market Orientation have a positive contribution to the increase of Job Satisfaction; (2) Organizational Learning and Market Orientation do not have a positive contribution to the increase of Business Unit Performance; and (3) Job Satisfaction has a positive contribution to the increase of Business Unit Performance at dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java.

The research examines the interaction effect between the intensity of market competition and the usefulness of broad scope and timeliness management accounting systems (MAS) information characteristics on strategic business unit (SBU) performance and job satisfaction. Fifty six SBU managers from manufacturing industry in Java and Sumatra had participated in the research. The collecting data used a questionnaire survey via electronic-mail and post. Data were analyzed using a moderated regression analysis. The results showed that the higher the intensity of market competition, the more positive the relationship between the usefulness of timeliness MAS information characteristic, SBU performance and job satisfaction. On the contrary the effect of the intensity of market competition on the relationship between the usefulness of broad scope MAS information characteristic, SBU performance and job satisfaction was not significant.

We apply strategic decision making and organizational change theory to corporate divestitures and argue that key characteristics of the divestiture decision making process can contribute to explaining the variation in divestiture outcomes. We test our hypotheses in an empirical multi-source quantitative study and find evidence that analytical comprehensiveness in the evaluation of divestiture effects on the corporate portfolio has a positive impact on the effectiveness of divestiture choices, but analytical comprehensiveness at the focal business unit (BU) level does not enhance decision effectiveness. Our results further indicate that involvement of the affected BU management has a varying impact during the decision making process, with negative effects during the early phase and positive effects in the later phase.

A school’s production/services unit (P/SU) constitutes a process of business activity for both academic and commercial purpose that the school performs continuously by empowering the school’s members and environment in the form of professionally-managed production/ services business unit.This research aims at 1) describing the planning of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang, 2) describing the organization of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang, 3) describing the operation of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang, 4) describing the monitoring of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang, 5) describing the obstacles encountered in managing the production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang, 6) describing the efforts made to deal with these obstacles encountered in managing the production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang. The approach in this research is qualitative strengthened with descriptive method. The research focus is on the management of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang in such aspects as planning, operation, organization and monitoring. The data are gathered using interview, observation and documentation.The research findings are: 1) The planning of production/services unit in Business and Marketing Expertise Program at State Vocational High School 2 Singkawang takes the school’s vision and missions and its education and business aspects into consideration, 2) the organization begins with the establishment of administrators and drafting the main job descriptions and functions of each department in a clear and comprehensible language, 3) The field executors actively involved in the production unit’s activities as daily sales service officers are those selected students from the so-called Alfamart class which constitutes a cooperation between the school and PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk., 4) the presence of this Business and Marketing Expertise Program’s production unit has been capable of adding more places and increasing the capacity for apprentice or industrial work practice students, 5) the monitoring of production unit is performed towards officer’s behavior, customers, administration and good stock. Finally, 6) the more spacious room needs to be immediately selected based on the capacity and service duration in order to optimize the potential customers which amount to more than 1,200 students and teachers.