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Low temperature sintering NiCuZn ferrite was employed at most cases due to its co-firability with Ag (below 960 °C). The NiCuZn ferrite sintered body with high-strength and high-frequency magnetic properties was fabricated. Firstly, NiCuZn ferrite powder was synthesized under CO2 atmosphere at 500 °C from the mixed doxalate synthesized by liquid phase precipitation method. Then a small amount of boric acid (H3BO3) was added to the powder, and the NiCuZn ferrite powder compact was prepared with Newton press and CIP methods. Finally, NiCuZn ferrite sintered body was fabricated by sintering at 900 °C under CO2 atmosphere. The minimum sintering temperature (800 °C) was determined by the study of high temperature shrinkage. By this method, NiCuZn ferrite sintered body with 0.5% (mass fraction) boric acid was obtained, which has the bending strength of 340 MPa. The effect of various Mn addition on electromagnetic properties were studied.

Twin-roll thin strip casting process combines casting and hot rolling into a single process, in which thermal stress and thermal mechanical stress were involved. Considering the high temperature gradient, the existing of liquid and solid regions and rolling deformation, suitable constitutive model is the key to describe the process. Anand's model is a temperature-dependent, rate-dependent and unified of creep and plasticity model and the Jaumann derivative was employed in Anand's model which makes the constitutive model frame-indifferent or objective, therefore the highly nonlinearities behavior in the twin-roll casting process can be simulated. The parameters of the Anand's model were regressed based on the compression tests of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The simulation results reveal that the Anand's model can well describe the deformation characteristics of twin-roll casting process. Based on the simulation results, the form of evolution equations in Anand's model was discussed.

Twin roll casting method is a promising route to directly produce magnesium alloy strip. It is a rapid solidification process with high temperature gradient combined with thermal flow and rolling deformation in the casting region. As-cast strip with proper microstructure is requested to serve as next rolling feedstock. However the microstructure of as-cast strip is sensitive for casting conditions during the casting process and the as-cast microstructure greatly affects the mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of casting speed, pouring temperature, deformation as well as anneal process on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results revels that twin-roll casting process can effectively refine the grain size, improve the morphology and distribution states of Mg17Al12. The homogenization treatment time can be shorted for the fine microstructure and lower the cost dramatically for the next forming process.

As a new surface enhancement technique, water cavitation peening (WCP) is used to introduce compressive residual stress in the superficial layer of metallic materials, thereby increasing the fatigue life of components. According to this method, a submerged high-speed water jet with cavitation is used, and the induced bubble collapse on the surface of the specimen will produce impact effect just like shot peening. In this study, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. As an example, a spring steel SAE 1070 plate specimen is treated by WCP with aeration, and the influence of aeration on the impact pressure and process capability of WCP is investigated. The results show that, with the air concentration of aerated jet-flow increasing, the impact pressure increases before the air concentration reaches 2.43% and decreases after the air concentration exceeds 2.43%. When the new ventilation nozzle with optimal aeration is adopted, the maximum process capability of WCP on the treated specimen is achieved.

Strip casting is a promising route to directly produce magnesium alloy sheet by twin roll casting method. As-cast strips with proper microstructure and good surface quality are requested to serve as next rolling feedstock. In order to restrain the coarse dendrite growth and get uniform grain, a new method of in-line heat treatment was proposed. The as-cast strip was dipped into an oil tank after exiting the rolls and then was quenched with oil at various temperatures. The effect of oil temperature, casting speed and pouring temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast strip was investigated.

In the quenching process, heat transfer behavior will is very complex due to boiling, generation of the bubble by the boiling in the quenchant, flaking off of steam film in metal surface. In this research, the behavior of steam film in quenching process was investigated with high-speed video camera by visualization method. The behaviors of the boiling bubbles including generation and movement as well as the breaking during stirring quenching process were clarified. The flow velocity fields around the quenching parts at no stirring and stirring quenching with various flow velocities on nozzle were investigated. In order to identify the heat transfer coefficients by using of the measured cooling curves of surface temperature. Effects of stirring and oil temperature on breaking the steam film were confirmed.

NiCuZn ferrite has been widely applied to multilayer chip inductors in recent years. While fabricating the multilayer structure of ferrite and metal alternatively, it is requested to simultaneously sinter in low temperature for the internal conductor Ag (Melting point 960°C) and ferrite materials. The purpose of this study is to fabricate the NiCuZn ferrite sintered body with high-strength and high-frequency magnetic property. The procedures are as follows: firstly, the NiCuZn ferrite powder was synthesized under a CO2 atmosphere at 500°C from the mixed doxalate which was synthesized by liquid phase deposition method from mixed metal chloride and ammonium oxalate; subsequently, a small amount of boric acid [H3BO3] was added to the powder, and then the NiCuZn ferrite powder compact was formed with Newton press and CIP methods; finally, the NiCuZn ferrite sintered body was fabricated by sintering at 900°C under a CO2 atmosphere. Through the experiments of high temperature shrinkage, evaluation of mechanical strength and magnetic property, NiCuZn ferrite fabricated by this study can present good characters on high frequency and high mechanical strength when the sintering temperature and boric acid additive are 900°C and 0.5 mass%, respectively.

Recently, the ultrafine magnetic particles are applied in many fields, such as magnetic record materials, magnetic fluid, catalysts, biologic medicine materials and so on. In order to fabricate the magnetite nanoparticle with uniform size, liquid phase precipitation method with lower cost is used in this research work. Here, Iron (II) Chloride Tetrahydrate [FeCl2·4H2O], Iron(III) Chloride Hexahydrate [FeCl3·6H2O] mixture solution and NaOH solution were added into the reaction solution by titration method step by step according to the change of pH value, and the solution was being stirred during the reaction process. In this paper, the optimum fabrication condition and the magnetism of composed nanoparticles are investigated. Through evaluation of magnetic property of the fabricated nanoparticle, at room temperature and pH value 7.0, 8nm uniform magnetic particles were synthesized with saturation magnetization value of 48 emu/g and Curie point 471°C.

N doped Ti02 films were deposited by direct current pulse magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. The influence of 02 flow rate on the crystal structure of deposited films was studied by Stylus profilometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer. The results indicate that the 02 flow rate strongly controls the growth behavior and crystal structure of N doped Ti02 film. It is found that N element mainly exists as substitutional doped state and the chemical stiochiometry is near to TiO1.68±0.06N0.11±0.01 for all film samples. N doped Ti02 film deposited with 2 sccm (standard-state cubic centimeter per minute) 02 flow rate is amorphous structure with high growth rate, which contains both anatase phase and rutile phase crystal nucleuses. In this case, the film displays the mix-phase of anatase and rutile after annealing treatment. While N doped Ti02 film deposited with 12 cm(3)/min 02 flow rate displays anatase phase before and after annealing treatment. And it should be noticed that no TiN phase appears for all samples before and after annealing treatment.

In this study, evaluation of residual stress in nano-TiO2 film on ITO glass is carried out. The films with thickness less than 30 nm are prepared by the dual-arcs magnetron sputtering with gas pressure 10 and 20 Pa. The surface microstructure and grain morphology of the nano-TiO2 films are observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to accurately evaluate the residual stress in the film, the Young’s modulus of the film is determined by the nanoindentation with three point bending method at first, then the internal residual stress in the film is measured by high energy X-ray diffraction with the synchrotron radiation facility Spring-8. The measured residual stresses of nano-TiO2 films prepared with gas pressure 10 and 20 Pa are -11.6 and -9.1 GPa, respectively. It is shown that the residual stress of TiO2 films decrease with the increasing of gas pressure.

Water cavitation technique can be applied to modify the surface strength of materials as an attractive new peening route. By inducing cavitation of ultrahigh speed water due to water-jet, the numerous impacts induced by the cavitation bubbles impact can produce compressive residual stress on material surface in the similar way as that by shot peening. In the present paper, an automobile part of steel gear shaft with complex shape is processed by water peening process. Compressive residual stress induced by water peening was measured to investigate the surface strengthening effect as a quantitative factor. The residual stresses on the tooth surface of the gear are measured by X-ray diffraction method. The effect of process conditions such as water outlet pressure, standoff distance of the nozzle, and peening time are discussed. To investigate the effect of heat treatment, carburizing-quenching is implemented to the gear shaft. By comparing the residual stresses of the tooth before and after water peening, the effectiveness of water peening process on surface strengthening is verified for a quenched gear shaft.

Strip continuous casting by twin roll method is a rapidly solidifying process, which can directly produce thin strips,reduce energy consumption and product cost of various metal materials. However, the casting of magnesium alloys with large solidifying ranges lead to some problems such as surface and internal defect, variation of solidification finish point for Mg sheet. In this research, the process conditions for a twin roll caster are analyzed by thermal flow simulation. The effect of type and dimension of delivery nozzles on production of Mg alloy are studied. A proper match of the setback distance of thin nozzle and casting speed is studied by thermal flow simulation, based on the characteristics of Mg melt handling, flow dynamics control and solidification.

With the microscopic phase-field model, the early precipitation mechanisms of the ternary Ni75AlxV25-x alloys with middle Al composition were explored by computer simulation in this paper. Through the simulated atomic pictures and composition order parameters of precipitates, we can explain the complex precipitation mechanisms of θ (Ni3V) and γ′ (Ni3Al) ordered phases. Simulated results also show that the precipitation characteristic of γ′ phase transforms from non-classical nucleation and growth to congruent ordering + Spinodal decomposition gradually, otherwise, the precipitation characteristic of θ phase transforms from congruent ordering + Spinodal decomposition to non-classical nucleation and growth mechanism gradually.

In the quenching process, heat transfer behavior will is very complex due to boiling, generation of the bubble by the boiling in the quenchant, flaking off of steam film in metal surface. In this research, the behavior of steam film in quenching process was investigated with high-speed video camera by visualization method. The behaviors of the boiling bubbles including generation and movement as well as the breaking during stirring quenching process were clarified. The flow velocity fields around the quenching parts at no stirring and stirring quenching were investigated. In order to identified the heat transfer coefficients by using of the measured cooling curves of surface temperature. Effects of stirring on breaking the steam film were confirmed.

This paper presents a numerical method in order to forecast the thermo-mechanical behavior and the residual stresses in the thermal spray coating process by using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). A set of coupled equations of the heat conduction and stress/strain and solidification based on the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory is introduced into the simulation of thermal spraying. Here, an inelastic constitutive equation with capacity to represent relation of stress/strain during rapid solidification is employed. The numerical modelling based on the finite element method is proposed to solve the heat conduction associated with solidification in the sprayed layer and residual stresses on the interface between multi-layer materials, especially. In this paper, the simulated results of the temperature field, solidified domain and residual stresses in the sprayed layer including interfacial combinations between substrate and spray layer are presented, and the validity of the calculated results is discussed in comparison with the measured results obtained by X-ray diffraction.

To keep steady casting production for strip casting, not only control of cooling and solidification but also stresses and crack formation should be taken into consideration. In order to compute the thermal mechanical stresses and susceptibility of the material to crack during strip casting process, a coupled finite element simulation on temperature, solidification and inelastic deformation was carried out based on a unified viscous fluid model including elastic, visco-plastic deformation, thermal expansion and dilatation due to solidification. The distribution of temperature and stresses on strip surface and in nip zone was analyzed under various casting speeds. Crack formation possibility index of casting strip at different positions and process conditions was obtained by a principal stress crack model. The weakest positions and dangerous direction subjected to crack are predicted. Effect of casting speeds on stress distribution and crack formation was clarified and the optimum casting process was discussed on this basis.

Predictions of deformation, residual stresses and hardness after heat treatment of gears by numerical simulation are very useful to determine optimum condition to decrease the distortion of machinery parts. In this paper, simulation on carburizing quenching of a helical gear made of carbon steel SCr420 was carried out using three-dimensional coupled analysis based on thermo-mechanical theory considering phase transformation. The expansion and latent heat due to phase transformation at various carburizing conditions were measured by TMA and DSC to determine the thermal physical properties of SCr420 carbon steel. The influence of the transformation plasticity strain on deformation, residual stress and hardness of a gear was clarified in the simulation. The accuracy of simulation also is verified by the comparison between the experimental data and the simulated result of the distortion and residual stress. From the predicted results, improvement of the hardness and strength on surface of the gear due to the carburizing-quenching process can be verified.

In order to clarify the effect of tear strap in airplane fuselage on crack arrest, experimental research and numerical simulation were carried out in this study. Interaction of multiple axial pre-cracks in a pressurized fuselage was investigated using a small-scale model of an idealized fuselage. The strain between multiple cracks under the situation of rapid crack propagation was measured. The experimental results of a rupturing model fuselage represented the variations of stress intensity factors KI and KII in the mixed mode and the remote stress components σox with crack extension. Deformation at the tips of asymmetrical cracks along the stringer was analyzed by a hybrid method using a finite element analysis program, MDC DYTRAN. The recorded crack velocities were in good agreement with the results of finite element analysis. The crack kinking location, kinking angle and the off-axis crack trajectory were also predicted by numerical analysis and the validity of the calculated results was discussed in comparison with the experimental data.

In order to study metallo-thermo-mechanical behavior during carburized and nitrided quenching, a numerical model when considering quantitative effects of diffused carbon and nitrogen gradients and kinetics of phase transformation is proposed. Coupled calculations of diffusion, phase transformation and stress/strain give the final distributions of carbon and nitrogen contents as well as residual stress and distortion. Within the numerical simulation method, the effects of both transformation and lattice expansion induced from carbon and nitrogen absorption are considered when calculating the evolution of the internal stress and strain. In order to verify the method of numerical simulation, the simulated distributions of carbon and nitrogen content and residual stress/strain of a cylinder during carburized and nitrided quenching are compared with the measured results.

During quenching process, steam film and boiling bubbles occurring on the boundary layer between quenching steel and quenchant often lead to uneven heat transfer and in turn distortion and heterogonous microstructure in quenching steel. In this paper, experiments of stirring quenching to induce forced conventional flow and to break boiling film are carried out. The formation and movement of boiling bubbles and forced convectional flow are investigated with a high speed camera. Visualization of boiling bubbles and forced flow are performed by PIV-PTV methods. Furthermore, cooling curves of a steel cylinder during quenching are measured and the heat transfer coefficient between quenchant and steel is identified. Finite element simulation is performed to analyze the flow effect on heat transfer. By combining analysis of visualized flow from measurement and simulation, the behaviors of steam film and forced flow are clarified and improvement on heat transfer by stirring is confirmed.

The purpose of this paper is to deal dealing with residual measurement of quenched steel based on neutron diffraction method and its verification by finite element analysis on the stresses induced by phase transformation. The initial interplanar spacing do and elastic constant were measured with rotating specimen method, the residual stress in quenched carbon steel S45C was obtained by means of neutron diffraction. Then a micromechanical approach and simulation based on metal-thermal-mechanical theory were carried out to estimate the microstructure in the steel due to phase transformation during quenching process. Finally the measured results of XRD, neutron diffraction as well as calculated value were compared and discussed.

Cavitation impacts of ultrahigh-speed water could lead to stresses erosion and other damage on the surface of hydro machinery such as pumps, turbines and valves. On the other hand, the cavitation impacts can be used to modify the residual stress on surface of materials as a shot peening method. Recently, a technology to modify residual stress on a plate by using of cavitation tunnel and a cavitation water jet in air has been reported. A high level of compressive residual stress has been applied on surface of materials by using water cavitation jet. In the present paper, residual stress of a helical gear of SCR420H steel was measured by means of an X-ray diffraction method, before and after peening by water cavitation jet. In order to obtain high-level compressive residual stress, optimum peening time and standard distance from jet nozzle to surface of the gear were investigated by cavitation jet tests. These results prove that residual stress on gear surface can be improved by using cavitation jet technique.

Various defects are accompanied in steel heat treatment process. Heat convection and steam film cause non-homogeneity of heat transfer. The technique that the quenchant is put into stirring in order to prevent these heat treatment defects are proposed. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient is identified in order to carry out the simulation promoted recently. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of identification of heat transfer coefficient and verify effect of the quenchant on internal structure and mechanical behavior. Here, the stirring quenching experiment was carried out using ring specimen of carbon steel SCM 420. Then, heat transfer coefficient was identified from measured temperature on surface of the specimen. The heat transfer coefficient was input into simulation data, and the calculation using the finite element method was carried out. Simulation results were compared and verified with the experimental value, and identification result of the heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of the stirring of quenchant were confirmed.

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) gel was prepared by alkali catalyzed in aqueous solutions. The structure of the KGM gel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). The gel point of KGM solutions was determined by steady state fluorescence method and It was observed that the gel point of the KGM solutions depend on the concentration of KGM, pH value and temperature effectively. The results showed that the molecular chain structure of KGM gel is more regular than that of the pure KGM.

In the paper, the thermo-properties of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)/epoxy resin(E51) composites through reactive blending method were studied by DSC. The experimental results showed that, when the amount of E51 in UPR/E51 composites reached to 2wt%, the mixture take place glass transition at 84°C which higher than that of pure UPR 15%. When the amount of E51 reached to 10wt%, the mixture take place two glass transition at 59°C、104°C respectively. The morphologies of the mixtures were investigated by SEM, and the curing process of UPR/E51 was traced and investigated by FTIR.

Experimental studies on the twin roll casting process in order to produce thin aluminum alloy strips are presented in this paper. A new twin roll caster was developed as an effective experimental tool. The caster is equipped with a complete casting system incorporating a control and measuring system using multiple sensors and various actuators. The data acquisition system of the caster can measure various process parameters including meniscus, casting speed, and temperature as well as roll gap and pressure. With this system, aluminum alloy thin strips were manufactured and the process parameters such as strip temperature, casting velocity, and pressing force of roll were investigated. Furthermore, the crystallizability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the strip are evaluated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and tensile test. The results revealed the ability of the twin roll caster to produce directly the thin strip of aluminum alloy with improved mechanical strength.

In the preparation of magnetite sintered body which is the ferrite magnetic material, there are problems such as a high temperature at 1500°C, sintering under decompression or vacuum. Therefore, in this study, magnetite powder derived from the oxalic acid iron by the liquid phase sedimentation using iron chloride and ammonium oxalate was sythesized. Subsequently, a small amount of boric acid [H3BO3] was added to the powder, and magnetite powder compact was produced. Examination of the sintering condition by TMA and preparation of the sintered body under a CO2 atmosphere using horizontal electric furnace were carried out, and effect of additives on the characteristics of the sintered body was investigated in detail.

A method to simulate the forging process and corresponding strain-induced austenitic-martensite phase transformation is formulated in the Eulerian description and its feasibility is examined. The method uses finite volume meshes for tracking material deformation and an automatically refined facet surface to accurately trace the free surface of the deforming material. By means of this finite volume method, an approach has been developed in the framework of metallo-thermo-mechanics to simulate metallic structure, temperature and stress/strain in the forging process associated with phase transformation. The incremental expression on the formulation of the kinetics equation is derived from Tsuta and Cortes' model. A mixture rule is adopted to evaluate the aggregate flow stress of the austenite-martensite affected by the respective flow stresses and phase transformation. This approach has been implemented in the commercial computer program MSC. SuperForge. This is the first report in which the fundamental framework is stated and the applicability of the developed method is confirmed using experimental results of the forging of a cylindrical billet. Some practical forging applications are demonstrated in the second report.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a p-i-n-p structure were developed by inserting a p-doped layer, MoO3 doped N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine (NPB), between an n-doped electron injection layer and the cathode. The device showed a 33.5% improvement in the power efficiency and 70.7% improvement in the half operational lifetime compared with the conventional p-i-n structure based device. The improved device performance is mainly ascribed to an improved conductivity, an enhanced thermal stability, and the protection of the electron injection layer by the NPB:MoO3 p-doped layer. The finding indicates that the p-i-n-p structure is beneficial for improving the efficiency and the stability of OLEDs.

This study reports computer predictions of the thermo-mechanical behavior and residual stresses during the quenching process of the notched cylinder of steel material with local rapid heating by induction method. The computer simulation is based on the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory and finite element analysis coupled temperature, phase transformation and stress/strain fields. From this research, we can know that the compression residual stresses with a large level be formed on the surface of the part by using quenching with induction heating process.

In this paper, a computational method is presented which aims to simulate the occurrence and evolution of residual stresses during thermal shock process of metal matrix composites. Here, a set of coupled equations of the heat conduction, stress/strain and phase transformation of materials is given in the framework of metallo-thermo-mechanical theory. As an example, simulation of a thermal shock associated with heating process by CO 2 laser to Ti–Fe matrix reinforced unidrectionally by SiC fiber is engaged in this study. In results of this simulation, the microstructural behavior and residual stress on the interface of the fiber–matrix is evaluated, and the strength of the composites after the thermal shock is also predicted.

In order to be able to forecast the thermo-mechanical behavior and the residual stress in the spray coating process, a continuum mecromechanical model for describing the interaction involving temperature, the solidifying mode and, the stress/strain curve is developed in this paper. A set of coupled equations of the heat conduction, stress/strain and solidification is given by the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory. For this simulation, a numerical modeling based on the finite element method for calculating the heat conduction associated with solidification and the stresses at the interface between multi-layer materials is proposed. Here, the temperature field, the solidified state and the residual stresses of the spray coating process, including interfacial combinations between substrate and sprayed layer, are presented, and the validity of the calculated results is discussed in comparison with experimental X-ray results.

In this present paper, an epoxy matrix composite beam with embedded SMA fibers of TiNi alloy are applied to improve the damping capacity of a beam in free vibration. In particular, an experimental method to measure the damping capacity of a beam structure using current control is proposed here. In addition, an analytical model of frequency vibration of a composite beam based on thermo-metallo-mechanical behavior due to electric heating in the SMA fiber is also proposed. The analytical results are compared with obtained experimental frequency data. Calculated and measured results illustrate the effects of current on the damping and frequency values.

Because of the raw material elements and its purity and so on, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, the strongest magnetic material, which needs artificial synthesis, can hardly be used directly. The performance of the permanent magnet has not yet been greatly developed owing to the limitation of the artificial synthesizing technology, of the powder sintering technology and that of the application. In this paper, the magnetic abrasive machining method as a new application is put forward, and from this viewpoint, are discussed the performance and the processing technology of the permanent magnet and the magnetic abrasive machining method. A sintering route combining the direction heat treatment technique to increase the magnetic energy is suggested.

For Ag alloy film used for the storage media, it is required to have heat-resistance, anti-constant temperature and anti-constant humidity characteristics, corrosion resistance, while high reflectivity over A1 is maintained. An Ag alloy thin film (additive element Pd, Cu, P) was created on glass substrates, and various heat treatment was conducted. Then, fine structure was observed on this thin film using AFM, and fine structure evaluation of the inside was carried out by the in-plane diffractometry and X-ray diffractometry, and in addition, residual stress analysis was carried out. These results were compared and were examined, and fine structure and physical property in a metallic thin film were evaluated, and usefulness of evaluation method was verified.

In this study, a two-dimension array of InGaAs photodiode with 0.9~1.7nm absorption wavelength was presented. By using the characteristic of wide wavelength range in InGaAs material, we designed several active regions in our novel devices for inducing expected photocurrent. While the distances between light source and these several equal-area active regions increases, we found the current generated in photodiode decreases non-linearly. Furthermore, this device was applied on detecting skin physiology, when the tungsten bulk light source penetrated through skin and was absorbed by photodiode, there had individual different currents in each equal-area active regions, and the relationship between photocurrent and moisture in skin will be interpreted.

The surface of high density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate was bombarded by the CH[Formula: see text] group ion beam, which was generated by the mixture of CH4/H2. Varying the CH4/H2 ratio, HDPE surfaces with different chemical bond structures and properties were obtained. Raman and XPS results show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bond structures are formed at HDPE surface bombarded by CH[Formula: see text] group ions. The [Formula: see text] bond fraction at bombarded HDPE surface depends on the H2 ratio in CH4/H2 mixture, because the H ion/atom/molecule can improve the growth of [Formula: see text] bond structure. For HDPE surface bombarded by CH4/H2 = 50/50, [Formula: see text] bond fraction reaches the maximum of 30.5%, the surface roughness decreases to 17.04 nm, and the static contact angle of polar H2O molecule increased to 140.2[Formula: see text].

The authors develop a facile and effective method to produce the chlorinated indium tin oxide (Cl-ITO) treated by InCl3 aqueous solution and UV/ozone. The work function of the Cl-ITO achieved by this treatment is as high as 5.69 eV, which is increased by 1.09 eV compared with that of the regular ITO without any treatment. Further investigation proved that the enhancement of the work function is attributed to the formation of In-Cl bonds on the Cl-ITO surface. Green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices based on the Cl-ITO electrodes exhibit excellent electroluminescence performance, elongating lifetime due to the improvement in hole injection.

In this study, the composite magnetic nanoparticles of coated SiO nano film with about 8 nm size and high saturation magnetization value, were synthesized by liquid phase precipitation method. The magnetic nanoparticles can be dispersed in various liquid media, widely known as magnetic fluids or ferrofluids with both magnetic and liquid properties. The materials been collected great interests and more and more attentions to focus into Drug Delivery System (DDS) as a new technology in this paper. We use the composite nanoparticles to disperse H2O and inject the solutions into rat's in-vivo organs. And, in the experiments by using a strong photon beam of SPring-8 Synchrotron Radiation facility, the distribution stat and the effects of magnetic field as well as drug delivery behaviour of nanoparticles in the rat' kidney are verified by the in-vivo observations.

The first 3D uninodal eight-connected {P(4)Mo(6)O(31)H(6)}-based pure inorganic framework linked by transition metal ions has been synthesized and its electrochemical behavior and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectrum were investigated.