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A numerical–analytical approach to the problem of determining the stress–strain state of bimaterial structures with interphase ribbon-like deformable inhomogeneities under combined force and dislocation loading has been proposed. The possibility of delamination along a part of the interface between the inclusion and the matrix, where sliding with dry friction occurs, is envisaged. A structurally modular method of jump functions is constructed to solve the problems arising when nonlinear geometrical or physical properties of a thin inclusion are taken into account. A complete system of equations is constructed to determine the unknowns of the problem. The condition for the appearance of slip zones at the inclusion–matrix interface is formulated. A convergent iterative algorithm for analytical and numerical determination of the friction-slip zones is developed. The influence of loading parameters and the friction coefficient on the development of these zones is investigated.

The problem of longitudinal shear of bimaterial with thin nonlinear elastic inclusion at the interface of matrix materials is considered. Solution of the problem is constructed using the boundary value problem of combining analytical functions and jump functions method. The model of the thin inclusion with nonlinear resilient parameters is built. Solution of the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations with variable coefficients. The convergent iterative method for solving such a system is offered for various nonlinear strain models, including Ramberg-Osgood law. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of non-linearity characteristic parameters for the inclusion material. Their parameters are analysed for the tensely-deformed matrix under loading a uniformly distributed shear stresses and for a balanced system of the concentrated forces.

International audience; Until now, the coupled stress and energy criterion has mainly been used in 2D applications, but it is possible to extend it to a 3D case. Herein the crack initiation in epoxy/aluminum bimaterial specimens under four point bending is predicted through a 3D numerical application of the coupled criterion. The stress and the energy conditions are computed by means of 3D finite element modeling of both undamaged and cracked specimens. The crack initiates at the epoxy/aluminum interface, meshes of the cracked specimens take into account the crack topology which is determined using the interface normal stress isocontours. By indirect confrontation to experimental tests on aluminum/epoxy bimaterial specimens of different width, the proposed approach allows determining the interface strength and fracture energy. The blind application of the proposed method to a crack initiation in aluminum/epoxy/aluminum specimens of different epoxy layer thickness under four point bending leads to a reasonable agreement with experimental data.

This paper studies a thermoelastic anisotropic bimaterial with thermally imperfect interface and internal inhomogeneities. Based on the complex variable calculus and the extended Stroh formalism a new approach is proposed for obtaining the Somigliana type integral formulae and corresponding boundary integral equations for a thermoelastic bimaterial consisting of two half-spaces with different thermal and mechanical properties. The half-spaces are bonded together with mechanically perfect and thermally imperfect interface, which model interfacial adhesive layers present in bimaterial solids. Obtained integral equations are introduced into the modified boundary element method that allows solving arbitrary 2D thermoelacticity problems for anisotropic bimaterial solids with imperfect thin thermo-resistant inter-facial layer, which half-spaces contain cracks and thin inclusions. Presented numerical examples show the effect of thermal resistance of the bimaterial interface on the stress intensity factors at thin inhomogeneities.

The paper presents the exact solution of the antiplane problem for an inhomogeneous bimaterial with the interface crack exposed to the normal load and cyclic loading by a concentrated force in the longitudinal direction. Using discontinuity function method the problem is reduced to the solution of singular integral equations for the displacement and stress discontinuities at the domains with sliding friction. The paper provides the analysis of the effect of friction and loading parameters on the size of these zones. Hysteretic behaviour of the stress and displacement discontinuities in these domains is observed.

The paper presents the exact analytic solution to the antiplane problem for a non-homogeneous bimaterial medium containing closed interfacial cracks, which faces can move relatively to each other with dry friction. The medium is subjected to the action of normal and arbitrary single loading in a longitudinal direction. Based on the discontinuity function method the problem is reduced to the solution of the system of singular integral-differential equations for stress and displacement discontinuities at the possible slippage zones. Influence of loading parameters and the effects of friction on the sizes of these zones is analyzed. The stress intensity factors, stress and displacement discontinuities, energy dissipation are determined for several characteristic types of external loading.

This work develops a series of Green’s functions for multi-phase Kirchhoff isotropic laminated plates. First, we derive the Green’s functions for a composite laminated plate composed of two bonded dissimilar isotropic laminated semi-infinite plates. Second, the obtained results for bimaterials are judiciously applied to obtain the Green’s function solution for a circular elastic inclusion embedded in an infinite isotropic laminated plate. Third, Green’s functions for a composite space composed of an arbitrary number of wedges of different isotropic laminated plates are derived. Finally, we derive Green’s functions for a laminated plate with an elliptical and a parabolic boundary, respectively. ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore)

A novel method combining the experimental data at only two different mixed mode fractures and an empirical interface toughness function has been proposed to establish the interfacial toughness function of a bimaterial in submicron scale. The modified four-point bend specimen was used in experiment to evaluate the first type of mixed mode fracture, while the sandwiched cantilever specimen was employed to get the second one. An empirical interface toughness function reflecting quite accurately the delamination behavior was adopted as a typical one. The obtained results investigated that the proposed method could be used to calibrate not only the interfacial fracture criteria at pure modes but also at any mixed mode fracture of bimaterials in submicron scale.

A bimaterial resonant sensor(BRS) array consisting of 6 × 6 cells for uncooled infrared (IR) imaging was fabricated and tested. The resonance frequency of the BRS was found sensitive to temperature change due to IR radiation absorbed by the BRS. For comparison, four types of BRS cells with different configurations have been designed and fabricated. These BRSs exhibit a monotonic frequency response trend, approaching the theoretical prediction with Finite element method (FEM). The resonant frequency sensitivity was better than 181 Hz/K by electrical measurement.

The effect of thermal residual stresses in bimaterial structure with initial crack located near a sharp interface is discussed in this paper. Bimaterial compact tension (CT) specimen is used in the analysis, and the residual stresses are introduced by cooling of the specimen. The residual stresses affect the stress and strain fields near the crack tip, and the crack-driving force is different compared with that in the homogeneous material without residual stresses. This difference can be quantitatively expressed through an additional crack-driving force term—the material inhomogeneity term, Cinh. In this paper, it is evaluated using the post-processing procedure based on the concept of configurational forces, following a finite-element analysis. The results indicate that accurate numerical analysis of pre-cracked bimaterials should include the effect of thermally induced residual stresses. This effect cannot be neglected, even for bimaterials with homogeneous mechanical properties and inhomogeneity in thermal properties only (e.g. welded joints of ferritic and austenitic steel). Based on the obtained results, data from this study can be used in engineering practice to improve integrity and work safety of various inhomogeneous structures.

Green’s functions for transversely isotropic thermoelastic biomaterials are established in the paper. We first express the compact general solutions of transversely isotropic thermoelastic material in terms of harmonic functions and introduce six new harmonic functions. The three-dimensional Green’s function having a concentrated heat source in steady state is completely solved using these new harmonic functions. The analytical results show some new phenomena of temperature and stress distributions at the interface. The temperature contours are normal to the interface for the isotropic material but not for the orthotropic one. The normal stress contours are parallel to the interface at the boundary in the isotropic region only and shear failure is most likely at the heat source due to the highly degenerated direction of shear stress contours.

The transient motion of an anisotropic elastic bimaterial due to a line force or a line dislocation is studied. The bimaterial is assumed to be at rest and stress-free for t0. A formulation which is an extension to Stroh’s formalism for anisotropic elastostatics is employed. The general solution is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a related eigenvalue problem. The method is used to obtain the analytic solutions without the need of performing integral transforms. Numerical examples of the GaAs bimaterial due to a line force or dislocation are presented for illustration.

International audience; As multilayer materials are essential to today's industry, solid state co-sintering of a thick bilayer was investigated. This paper focuses on the possible effects of processing on shrinkage measured at different levels of each material during thermal treatment, and on the quality of the bimaterial. Suitable in situ monitoring non-contact devices were developed both for conventional and microwave furnaces. The pictures taken with the apparatus quantified the shrinkage, and thus any mismatch strain between layers was then able to be calculated. Moreover, the appearance of debonding or even cracks can be detected. With this approach, the influence of co-pressing and co-sintering can be underlined. In powder processing, based on the information gathered via the camera on the deformations in the bilayer as well as any damages with the SEM, it was revealed that when compromising between the mismatch strain and the densification, it is possible to obtain a crackless thick bilayer material.

International audience; In the present work, two paths of crack propagation in the bimaterial structure of zinc-TRIP steel 800 were investigated. Abaqus numerical simulation and singular integral equation method were used for the estimation of the crack behaviour at the interface. It was found that the energy release rate decreases as soon as the crack approaches the interface and increases when crossing it. The computation of the strain energies of deflection and penetration obtained from elastic modelling showed that the crack is more prone to deflect into the interface rather than to penetrate it. The same behaviour was supported by the volumetric approach results. Finally, analytical and numerical findings were in a good agreement with microscopic examination obtained from SEM observations.

International audience; The presented work is dedicated to studying the forgeability of bimaterial cladded billet. Hot upsetting tests of cylindrical low carbon steel (C15) billets weld cladded (MIG) by stainless steel (SS316L) are experimentally and numerically studied. Upsetting tests with different upsetting ratios are performed in different tribology conditions at 1050°C which is within the better forgeability temperature range of both substrate and cladding materials[ 1 ]. Slab model and finite-element simulation are conducted to parametrically study the potential forgeability of the bimaterial cladded billet. The viscoplastic law is adopted to model the friction at the die/billet interface. The friction condition at the die/billet interface has a great impact on the final material distribution, forging effort and cracking occurrence. With Latham and Cockcroft Criterion, the possibility and potential position of cracks could be predicted.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10 .1117/1.OE.53.9.097103 One attractive option to achieve real-time terahertz (THz) imaging is a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) bimaterial sensor with embedded metamaterial absorbers. We have demonstrated that metamaterial films can be designed using standard MEMS materials such as silicon oxide (SiOx ), silicon oxinitrate (SiOx Ny ), and aluminum (Al) to achieve nearly 100% resonant absorption matched to the illumination source, providing structural support, desired thermomechanical properties and access to external optical readout. The metamaterial structure absorbs the incident THz radiation and transfers the heat to bimaterial microcantilevers that are connected to the substrate, which acts as a heat sink via thermal insulating legs, allowing the overall structure to deform proportionally to the absorbed power. The amount of deformation can be probed by measuring the displacement of a laser beam reflected from the sensor’s metallic ground plane. Several sensor configurations have been designed, fabricated, and characterized to optimize responsivity and speed of operation and to minimize structural residual stress. Measured responsivity values as high as 1.2 deg ∕μW and time constants as low as 20 ms with detectable power on the order of 10 nW were obtained, indicating that the THz MEMS sensors have a great potential for real-time imaging. NCMR

A monolithic integrated bimaterial micro-cantilever resonant infrared sensor with on-chip auxiliary circuits was fabricated and tested. Surface micromachining method for cantilever fabrication has been merged with conventional CMOS process, and release of MEMS structure is conducted after CMOS process. Both the Cr/Au felling off the polysilicon cantilever during releasing process and the performance degradation of MOSFETs manufactured by standard CMOS or post-CMOS process are ascribed to the additive effects of hydrogen and mechanical stress. A novel post-CMOS process was raised to decrease the mechanical stress and to retain the metal layer of Cr/Au. On-chip digital/analog Bi-CMOS circuits function properly as demonstrated.

Novel thermo-mechanical detector arrays with integrated diffraction grating for optical readout were designed and fabricated. Parylene was used as the structural material due to its high thermal isolation and mismatch properties. Calculations reveal that the NETD performance of a thermo-mechanical array using Parylene can be significantly better than SiNx based designs and offer a theoretical NETD value, Aselsan Inc; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK); Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) - GEBİP Distinguished Young Scientist Award