Author: "S. Conroy" / Topic: materials science - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

40 results on '"S. Conroy"'

1. Body-Worn Microfluidic Sensors

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Mary M. Rodgers, and Vinay M. Pai
Subjects: Materials science, Microfluidics
Published: 2017
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2. Analysis of neutron streaming through penetrations in the JET biological shielding

Author: I. E. Stamatelatos, T. Vasilopoulou, P. Batistoni, S. Conroy, B. Obryk, S. Popovichev, D. B. Syme, and The EFDA JET contributors
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Medical Physics, Electromagnetic shielding, Neutron
Abstract: In the present work neutron streaming through large ducts and labyrinths of the Joint European Torus (JET) biological shielding was evaluated. Neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent were calculated along the total length of the ducts. Monte Carlo calculations using the MCNP code were performed for both Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) and Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) toroidal plasma discharge sources. The results of the calculations were compared against measurements performed using thermoluminescence detectors. This work contributes to the operational radiation protection effort to minimize collective radiation dose to personnel at JET and, moreover, provides important information from JET experience that may assist in the optimization and validation of the radiation shielding design methodology used in future fusion plants, such as ITER and DEMO.
Published: 2019
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3. Neutron profiles and fuel rationT/nDmeasurements in JET ELMy H-mode plasmas with tritium puff

Author: I. Voitsekhovitch, Andrea Murari, Luciano Bertalot, Jan Mlynar, G. Bonheure, S. Conroy, Sergey Popovichev, and Jet-Efda Contributors
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mode (statistics), Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Emissivity, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear fusion, Neutron, Tritium, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Plasma density
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) spatial profile and the temporal evolution of the 14 and 2.5 MeV neutron emissivities from D–D and D–T fusion reactions were studied using the measurements of the upgraded neutron profile monitor during the last trace tritium experiments in JET. The JET neutron profile monitor provides unique capability for 2.5 and 14 MeV neutrons line-integrated measurements simultaneously. A systematic comparison of D–D and D–T neutron emissivity was performed. The tritium concentration or fuel ratio (nT/nD) was analysed for a set of 34 ELMy-H mode discharges with tritium puff. Tritium concentration is deduced with a method based on the ratio of D–T 14 MeV and D–D 2.5 MeV neutron emissivities in order to exploit the maximum information available from neutron data. With the help of a tomography algorithm recently developed at JET, 2D spatial profiles of the tritium concentration in the plasma were obtained. These profiles can be used to perform transport studies. Tritium core confinement is clearly seen to increase with plasma density for the set of discharges studied. Differences in the shape of these profiles are also found between low and high density plasmas. Shortly after tritium puffing, 2D spatial profiles of the tritium concentration exhibit typical hollow profiles and in some cases transient poloidal asymmetric features have been observed in 2D images.
Published: 2006
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4. Fast ion distributions driven by polychromatic ICRF waves on JET

Author: M. J. Mantsinen, S. Conroy, D. Van Eester, Martin Laxåback, Torbjörn Hellsten, R. Barnsley, Efda Jet Contributors, H. Leggate, Yu.F. Baranov, L. C. Ingesson, Thomas Johnson, S. E. Sharapov, P. Beaumont, S. Podda, P. de Vries, I. Monakhov, Angelo A. Tuccillo, M.-L. Mayoral, C. Giroud, A. Salmi, Jean-Marie Noterdaeme, C. Gowers, and V. G. Kiptily
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Tokamak, Cyclotron, Resonance, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Ion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract: Experiments have been carried out on the JET tokamak to investigate fast 3He and hydrogen minority ion populations accelerated by ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) waves launched with multiple frequencies (i.e. up to four frequencies separated by up to ≈15%). This 'polychromatic' heating is compared with single-frequency, 'monochromatic', ICRF heating of reference discharges with similar power levels. Information on the fast ion populations is provided by two-dimensional gamma-ray emission tomography and the measurements are compared with numerical modelling. Polychromatic heating with resonances in the plasma centre (Rres ≈ R0) and on the low magnetic-field side (LFS) (Rres > R0) is found to produce predominantly high-energy standard trapped ions, while resonances on the high magnetic-field side (Rres < R0) increase the fraction of high-energy passing ions. Monochromatic heating with a central resonance produces stronger gamma-ray emission with the maximum emission in the midplane close to, and on the LFS of, the resonance, in agreement with the calculated radial distribution of fast ion orbits. Both the fast ion tail temperature and energy content are found to be lower with polychromatic waves. Polychromatic ICRF heating has the advantage of producing smaller-amplitude and shorter-period sawteeth, consistent with a lower fast ion pressure inside the q = 1 surface, and higher ion to electron temperature ratios.
Published: 2005
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5. $\gamma$-ray diagnostics of energetic ions in JET

Author: V.G. Kiptily, F.E. Cecil, O.N. Jarvis, M.J. Mantsinen, S.E. Sharapov, L. Bertalot, S. Conroy, L.C. Ingesson, T. Johnson, K.D. Lawson, S. Popovichev, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Spectral line, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma diagnostics, Neutron, Atomic physics
Abstract: This paper reports recent progress in the field of γ-ray diagnosis of fast ions in the JET tokamak. The γ-rays, born in nuclear reactions between fast ions and main plasma impurities and/or plasma fuel ions, are analysed with a new modelling tool (the GAMMOD code) that has been developed for a quantitative analysis of the measured γ-ray energy spectra. The analysis of the γ-ray energy spectra identifies the different fast ions giving rise to the γ-ray emission and assesses the effective tail temperatures and relative concentrations of these fast ions. This assessment is possible, since the excitation functions for the different nuclear reactions are well established and exhibit a threshold or/and a resonant nature. The capabilities of the γ-ray spectral analysis are illustrated with the examples from the recent γ-ray diagnostic measurements of 4He, 3He, deuterium and hydrogen ions accelerated by ion-cyclotron resonance frequency heating in JET. Simultaneous measurements of several fast ion species, including highly energetic α-particles, are demonstrated. In addition to the γ-spectroscopy, tomographic reconstructions of the radial profile of the γ-ray emission are performed using the JET neutron profile monitor, thus providing direct measurements of the radial profiles of fast ions in JET.
Published: 2002
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6. Stabilization of an 852 nm extended cavity diode laser using the Zeeman effect

Author: Kishan Dholakia, Richard S. Conroy, G. P. T. Lancaster, and M. A. Clifford
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Zeeman effect, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, Magnetic field, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Spectroscopy, business, Diode
Abstract: We demonstrate the use of the Zeeman effect in Cs vapour to stabilize an ultra-compact extended cavity diode laser (ECDL) operating at 852 nm. We investigate the expected laser stabilization error signal for a range of magnetic fields and are able to tune the locked ECDL by variation of the magnetic field. We also study in detail the tuning of the laser frequency using optical methods. The ECDL has a linewidth of 520kHz and the drift, when locked, is of the order of 5 MHzh−1.
Published: 2000
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7. Characterisation of an extended cavity violet diode laser

Author: G. P. T. Lancaster, Jacqueline Hewett, Kishan Dholakia, Richard S. Conroy, J.W. Allen, and Wilson Sibbett
Subjects: Blue laser, Materials science, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, Limit (music), Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Visible laser, Diode
Abstract: We describe the construction and characterisation of a GaN violet laser diode in a compact, extended cavity geometry. Up to 3.5 mW of single frequency power at 392 nm is generated which is continuously tuneable over 6 GHz and coarsely tuneable over 2.7 nm. We place an upper limit on the linewidth of 5 MHz. The performance of the violet diode laser is compared to that of visible laser diodes in our extended cavity geometry. Possible spectroscopic applications are discussed.
Published: 2000
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8. Polarization effects, birefringent filtering, and single-frequency operation in lasers containing a birefringent gain crystal

Author: Richard S. Conroy, G.J. Friel, Alan J. Kemp, T.K. Lake, and Bruce D. Sinclair
Subjects: Materials science, Birefringence, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Second-harmonic generation, Optical polarization, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Jones calculus, Optical pumping, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optical filter, business
Abstract: The effect of having a birefringent gain crystal is studied in the context of two laser systems: an intracavity frequency-doubled microchip laser and a compact single-frequency laser utilizing a birefringent filter. A model based on Jones calculus is proposed to predict the polarization and wavelength structure of the longitudinal modes and is found to be consistent with experimental measurements. The optimization of these systems is discussed, and the importance of the birefringences in the cavity and cavity length is indicated.
Published: 2000
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9. A compact high-performance extended-cavity diode laser at 635 nm

Author: A. Carleton, Kishan Dholakia, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Distributed feedback laser, Materials science, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Laser pumping, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, Laser power scaling, business, Laser Doppler vibrometer, Diode
Abstract: A compact, high-performance extended-cavity diode laser in the Littrow geometry has been realized at 635 nm. We place an upper limit of 470kHz on the laser linewidth and obtain an output power of more than 10 mW. The laser may be tuned continuously over 21.6 GHz and discontinuously from 630 to 637 nm. Spectroscopy of iodine has been performed and the laser stabilized to a molecular absorption feature.
Published: 1999
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10. Guiding effects in Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers operating well above threshold

Author: Alan J. Kemp, Bruce D. Sinclair, G.J. Friel, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Neodymium, Q-switching, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Transverse mode, Optical pumping, Optics, chemistry, law, Thermal, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Beam (structure), Diode
Abstract: Guiding of the transverse mode in Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers is examined both experimentally and theoretically at pump powers well above threshold. It is found that thermal changes in the cavity geometry induced by intense diode pumping can be well understood using a simple model. However, an understanding of these effects is not sufficient to explain the nature of the transverse mode. Gain-related guiding effects are found to play an important role even at pump powers well above threshold. For a 0.5-mm-thick microchip laser, a difference of around 30% is observed between the minimum beam waist expected due to thermal guiding and the measured beam waist. The gain-related effects are described theoretically and their importance is demonstrated experimentally.
Published: 1999
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11. V:YAG - a new passive Q-switch for diode-pumped solid-state lasers

Author: I.A. Denisov, Richard S. Conroy, Bruce D. Sinclair, V. P. Mikhailov, Konstantin Yumashev, and Alexander M. Malyarevich
Subjects: Quantum optics, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, General Engineering, Solid-state, General Physics and Astronomy, Microchip laser, Laser, law.invention, law, Optoelectronics, Atomic physics, business, Diode
Abstract: =3.0×10-18 cm2 and σesa=1.4×10-19 cm2 at 1064 nm, and σgsa=7.2×10-18 cm2 and σesa=7.4×10-19 cm2 at 1342 nm. Q-switched operation was demonstrated at 1064 nm and 1342 nm from a Nd:YVO4 microchip laser, producing pulses as short as 9.3 ns at 1342 nm with peak powers of 350 W.
Published: 1998
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12. Q-switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser using a quadrupole electro-optic deflector

Author: G.J. Friel, Alan J. Kemp, Bruce D. Sinclair, Richard S. Conroy, and J. M. Ley
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, General Engineering, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser pumping, Injection seeder, Laser, Q-switching, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser, Beam (structure), Voltage
Abstract: The increasing demand for cheap and compact pulsed solid-state lasers has led to a number of recent developments in actively and passively Q-switched miniature lasers. Active Q switching has the advantage over passive techniques of greater pulse management, although this is usually at the expense of greater complexity. We report on a new, temperature-independent, low-loss Q switch based on electro-optic deflection of the laser beam. No additional intracavity elements other than the deflector are required to Q switch the laser. The device produces a deflection by the linear electric-field gradient across the aperture of the device through the application of a potential difference between cylindrically shaped electrodes. For a suitably chosen direction in an electro-optic material, this gradient in electric field induces a linear gradient in refractive index, which acts to deflect the beam by an amount dependent on the voltage applied.
Published: 1998
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13. A comparative study of diode pumped microchip laser materials: Nd-doped YVO4, YOS, SFAP and SVAP

Author: David G. Matthews, J. R. Boon, Bruce D. Sinclair, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Doping, Laser pumping, Microchip laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optical pumping, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Orthosilicate, business, Lasing threshold, Diode
Abstract: The lasing performance of the Nd-doped microchip laser host materials YVO4, YOS, SFAP and SVAP operating on the 1 μm transition in Nd is examined. With 0·5 W and 2 W laser diode array pump sources Nd:YVO4 remains the material of choice for this transition while both Nd:SFAP and Nd:YOS show promise, although higher doping concentrations are required. Pump-induced damage made Nd:SVAP unsuitable as a microchip laser material.
Published: 1996
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14. Fabrication of planar optical waveguides by electrical microcontact printing

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Mara Prentiss, Daniel B. Wolfe, George M. Whitesides, J.C. Love, and Byron D. Gates
Subjects: Rapid prototyping, Light intensity, Fabrication, Planar, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Microcontact printing, Optoelectronics, business, Lithography, Refractive index, Soft lithography
Abstract: We describe the fabrication by electrical microcontact printing of optical waveguides and splitters made of poly(4-vinylphenol) doped with phloxine B, permitting inexpensive, rapid prototyping over large areas and construction of integrated, multi-level devices.
Published: 2004
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15. Microchip laser-pumped continuous-wave doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Bruce D. Sinclair, Alan J. Kemp, Miles J. Padgett, Malcolm H. Dunn, and G. M. Gibson
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Potassium titanyl phosphate, Physics::Optics, Laser pumping, Laser, Signal, Optical parametric amplifier, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, Optical parametric oscillator, Continuous wave, Coherence (signal processing), business
Abstract: We report what we believe to be the first use of a multilongitudinal-mode frequency-doubled microchip laser to pump a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). This compact OPO is based on potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and operates with a low pump power threshold of 35 mW. The OPO output consists of a single pair of signal and idler modes even though it is pumped with a multilongitudinal-mode pump laser. We achieved smooth tuning (1.7 GHz) of the output frequencies by temperature tuning of the pump laser.
Published: 2007

16. Compact, actively Q-switched optical parametric oscillator

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Bruce D. Sinclair, J. M. Ley, Malcolm H. Dunn, and Cameron F. Rae
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Optical parametric amplifier, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Quadrupole, Optical parametric oscillator, Optoelectronics, Parametric oscillator, business
Abstract: An ultracompact, actively Q -switched optical parametric oscillator (OPO) has been realized that is only 30 mm in length, based on a semimonolithic microchip laser, a quadrupole deflector, and a monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The OPO threshold was 550 mW when Nd:YAG was used as the gain material and 590 mW for Nd:Y VO(4), giving signal pulses of as much as 8.7 muJ in energy with Nd:YAG at 1 kHz and 5.9-muJ pulses with Nd:Y VO(4) at 5 kHz, for 1.2- and 2-W laser diode pumping, respectively. The output was single frequency and could be tuned over the range 1540-3440 nm.
Published: 2007

17. Delivery of fluorescent probes using iron oxide particles as carriers enables in-vivo labeling of migrating neural precursors for magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging

Author: John Moreland, Erik M. Shapiro, Richard S. Conroy, Alan P. Koretsky, and James P. Sumner
Subjects: Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Iron oxide, Molecular Probe Techniques, Ferric Compounds, Article, Biomaterials, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optical imaging, Nuclear magnetic resonance, In vivo, Cell Movement, Microscopy, medicine, Animals, Fluorescent Dyes, Neurons, medicine.diagnostic_test, Staining and Labeling, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Image Enhancement, Fluorescence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Rats, chemistry, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Preclinical imaging, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Iron oxide particles are becoming an important contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking studies. Simultaneous delivery of fluorescence indicators with the particles to individual cells offers the possibility of correlating optical images and MRI. In this work, it is demonstrated that micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) can be used as a carrier to deliver fluorescent probes to cells in culture as well as to migrating neural progenitors in vivo. Migrating progenitors were tracked with MRI and easily identified by histology because of the fluorescent probe. These data suggest that using MPIOs to deliver fluorescent probes should make it possible to combine MRI and optical imaging for in vivo cell tracking.
Published: 2007

18. Fluid Optical Waveguides for on-Chip Manipulation and Generation of Light

Author: Dmitri V. Vezenov, Daniel B. Wolfe, B.M. Mayers, George M. Whitesides, Richard S. Conroy, and S.K.Y. Tang
Subjects: Silicon photonics, Materials science, business.industry, Microfluidics, Physics::Optics, Microstructured optical fiber, Waveguide (optics), Slot-waveguide, Optics, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Refractive index, Microphotonics
Abstract: Application of liquid-core liquid-cladding waveguides in several dynamic photonic systems. These optical components could be reconfigured in terms of their geometry, refractive index, or chemical composition.
Published: 2006
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19. Optical waveguiding in suspensions of dielectric particles

Author: Brian T. Mayers, George M. Whitesides, Mara Prentiss, Richard S. Conroy, Daniel B. Wolfe, and Dmitri V. Vezenov
Subjects: Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Mie scattering, Microfluidics, Nanoparticle, Physics::Optics, Dielectric, Waveguide (optics), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Suspension (chemistry), Slot-waveguide, symbols.namesake, Optics, Business and International Management, Rayleigh scattering, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Microchannel, Scattering, business.industry, Cladding (fiber optics), Numerical aperture, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, symbols, Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index
Abstract: An optical waveguide formed by a suspension of dielectric nanoparticles in a microchannel is described. The suspensions, chosen for their guiding and scattering properties, are silica and polystyrene particles that have diameters of 30–900 nm and are dispersed in water with volume fractions up to 10%. Changing the diameter and concentration of the particles causes the suspensions to transition from Rayleigh to Mie scattering and from single to multiple scattering. The threshold for optical guiding in a waveguide core composed of these suspensions is set by the numerical aperture of the effective refractive-index difference introduced by the suspension and not by the average interparticle distance.
Published: 2005

20. V/sup 3+/:YAG - A New Infrared Passive Q-Switch

Author: V. P. Mikhailov, I.A. Denisov, Richard S. Conroy, Alexander M. Malyarevich, Konstantin Yumashev, and Bruce D. Sinclair
Subjects: Materials science, Electricity generation, business.industry, Infrared, Optoelectronics, business, Electromagnetic wave absorption
Published: 2005
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21. Comparison of 671/1342 nm generation with 532/1064 nm in Nd: YV04 microchip lasers

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Bruce D. Sinclair, Alan J. Kemp, and N. MacKinnon
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser pumping, Polarization (waves), Laser, Neodymium, law.invention, Optical pumping, Optics, chemistry, law, Diode-pumped solid-state laser, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser
Published: 2005
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22. Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides

Author: Brian T. Mayers, George M. Whitesides, Richard S. Conroy, Mara Prentiss, Daniel B. Wolfe, D.V. Vesenov, Michael A. Fischbach, Kateri E. Paul, and Piotr Garstecki
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Microfluidics, Physics::Optics, Laminar flow, Dynamic control, Cladding (fiber optics), Optical switch, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Light intensity, Optics, Liquid core, business, Refractive index
Abstract: Liquid-core/liquid-cladding waveguides are dynamic; their operation depends on a continuous, laminar flow of a core and cladding fluid. We demonstrate single-mode and multi-mode waveguiding, switching and tunable evanescent coupling between liquid cores.
Published: 2005
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23. Measurement of the Phase Diagram of DNA Unzipping in the Temperature-Force Plane

Author: J. D. Weeks, Claudia Danilowicz, Vincent W. Coljee, Mara Prentiss, Richard S. Conroy, and Yariv Kafri
Subjects: Time Factors, Materials science, Biophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Measure (mathematics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Phase diagram, Physics::Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Plane (geometry), Temperature, Biomolecules (q-bio.BM), DNA, Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules, chemistry, FOS: Biological sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Physical chemistry, Constant (mathematics), Double stranded
Abstract: We separate double stranded lambda phage DNA by applying a fixed force at a constant temperature ranging from 15C to 50C, and measure the minimum force required to separate the two strands, providing the first experimental determination of the phase boundary between single stranded DNA and double stranded DNA in the temperature- force plane. The measurements also offer information on the free energy of dsDNA at temperatures where dsDNA does not thermally denature in the absence of force. While parts of the phase diagram can be explained using existing models and free energy parameters, others deviate significantly. Possible reasons for the deviations between theory and experiment are considered., 17 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2004
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24. Guiding effects in microchip lasers at pump powers well above threshold

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Bruce D. Sinclair, G.J. Friel, Alan J. Kemp, and T.K. Lake
Subjects: Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Ti:sapphire laser, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Neodymium, law.invention, Optical pumping, Optics, Optical coating, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: Summary form only given. Microchip lasers are monolithic devices, typically consisting of a sub-millimetre thick slice of solid state gain material, which is polished to give plane parallel surfaces on to which dielectric mirrors are coated. These lasers are longitudinally pumped by a laser diode. Devices such as Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers are highly-efficient and compact lasers which produce beams of high spatial and spectral quality.
Published: 2003
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25. Compact, Robust Source of Cold Atoms for Efficient Loading of a Magnetic Guide

Author: M. Vengalattore, W. Rooijakkers, M. Prentiss, Richard S. Conroy, and Y. Xiao
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Trapping, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Physics - Atomic Physics, Vapor cell, Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: We report a compact (, 20 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2003
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26. Neutron emission from JET DT plasmas with RF heating on minority hydrogen

Author: H Henriksson, S Conroy, G Ericsson, G Gorini, A Hjalmarsson, J K$auml$llne, M Tardocchi, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Materials science, Neutron emission, Population, Nuclear Theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, ___, Physics::Plasma Physics, Dielectric heating, Nuclear fusion, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, education, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The neutron emission spectrum from d + t -> alpha + n reactions has been measured as a means to study the plasma response to radio frequency (RF) power coupled to hydrogen and deuteron minority components (through fundamental and second harmonic, respectively) in a tritium discharge at JET. The spectrum was measured with the magnetic proton recoil spectrometer and was analysed in terms of two spectral components due to thermal (TH) and high-energy (HE) deuterons interacting with the bulk ion population of thermal tritons. The results were used to derive information on the deuteron population in terms of temperatures (T_TH and T_HE) as well as corresponding particle and kinetic energy densities of the plasma; the bulk ion temperature (T_i = T_TH) was determined both before (with Ohmic heating only) and during the RF pulse. Similar information on protons was derived from other measurements in order to estimate the different RF effects on protons and deuterons. This paper illustrates qualitatively the type of empirical ion kinetic information that can be obtained from neutron emission spectroscopy; the data serves as a basis for comparison with results of predictive and interpretative models on RF effects in plasmas.
Published: 2002
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27. A versatile, all solid-state, single-frequency, yellow light source with ultrahigh frequency stability

Author: J. Mlynek, Kamel Bencheikh, T. Petelski, Richard S. Conroy, and Stephan Schiller
Subjects: OPOS, Materials science, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Nonlinear optics, Laser, law.invention, Optical pumping, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, business, Spectroscopy, Spectral purity
Abstract: Summary form only given. Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are attractive tools for high-resolution spectroscopy because of their tunability stability, narrow linewidth and efficiency. Doubly resonant OPOs (DROs) in particular offer low threshold operation with large continuous tuning ranges, typically tens of gigahertz. Their use for high-resolution spectroscopy in the infrared at Doppler-broadened resolution levels has been demonstrated. We report on the construction and characterization of a frequency-doubled DRO which, for the first time, emits in the visible. It exhibits excellent spectral purity and stability and is well suited for ultra-high resolution spectroscopy. A semi-monolithic MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ DRO is pumped by a CW frequency-doubled monolithic ring Nd:YAG laser with up to 500 mW at 532 nm, producing up to 112 mW of signal power tunable from 962-1005 nm and up to 95 mW of idler power tunable from 1130-1190 nm. We have measured a free-running stability of less than 1 GHz for up to 20 hours in a single mode pair.
Published: 2001
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28. V:YAG as passive Q-switch at 1342 nm and 1064 nm

Author: Alan J. Kemp, Richard S. Conroy, V.P. Mikhailov, A.M. Malyarevich, Bruce D. Sinclair, and G.J. Friel
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Saturable absorption, Laser pumping, Laser, Q-switching, Neodymium, law.invention, X-ray laser, chemistry, law, Diode-pumped solid-state laser, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: We report the first use of V:YAG as a passive Q-switch for a diode pumped Nd/sup 3+/ laser at 1 /spl mu/m and 1.3 /spl mu/m. Previous investigations of the dynamics of the excited states and saturation of V:YAG showed that this crystal can be successfully used as a saturable absorber for pulsed lasers operating in the red and infrared spectral regions.
Published: 1998
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29. A Comparison of Deflective Q-Switches

Author: Alan J. Kemp, G.J. Friel, Richard S. Conroy, J. M. Ley, and Bruce D. Sinclair
Subjects: Materials science, Laser ablation, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Laser pumping, Laser, law.invention, X-ray laser, Optics, law, Diode-pumped solid-state laser, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: The use of electro-optic deflectors in high speed scanning systems is common place. Although suggested more than a decade ago, their use as active Q-switches has not previously been demonstrated [1], Two forms of deflector exist: one based on a prism of active material whose refractive angle varies with refractive index, and the other on shaped deflectors which give a linear refractive index gradient across the beam path [2].
Published: 1998
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30. Self-Q-switched Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers

Author: G.J. Friel, T.K. Lake, Alan J. Kemp, Bruce D. Sinclair, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Ti:sapphire laser, Gain, Laser pumping, Injection seeder, Laser, Q-switching, Gain-switching, law.invention, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: Microchip lasers are typically formed by applying dielectric mirrors directly to two near-parallel surfaces of a thin slice of laser gain material. Nd:YVO/sub 4/ is a commonly used gain material because of its short absorption depth and high stimulated emission cross section. While working on gain-switched Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers, we observed in these monolithic devices large spiking behavior, which could not be accounted for by normal gain-switching theory. Gain switching can produce peak powers in excess of a watt, several times the cw level, with pulses as short as 5 ns. However, the large spikes we observed were several hundred times the cw level with peak powers >25 W and pulses as short as 1.85 ns, more similar in nature to Q-switched pulses. We have constructed a simple model to include this effect in determining the stability of a microchip laser. The results of this model are presented in comparison to the observed experimental work, to show how the effects of gain-related cavity stability can cause self-Q-switching in a Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip laser.
Published: 1998
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31. Diode-Pumped Nd:YVO/sub 4/ Microchip Lasers Operating at 1342/671nm

Author: Richard S. Conroy, D.G. Matthews, N. MacKinnon, and Bruce D. Sinclair
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Optical engineering, Ultrafast optics, Nonlinear optics, Laser, law.invention, Optical pumping, Optics, law, Optical materials, Optoelectronics, business, Optical filter, Diode
Published: 1996
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32. A Diode Array Pumped Continuous Wave Blue Microchip Laser

Author: David G. Matthews, Bruce D. Sinclair, Richard S. Conroy, and Neil MacKinnon
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Second-harmonic generation, Continuous wave, Microchip laser, Radiation, business, Diode array, Phase matching, Diode
Abstract: A diode pumped Nd:YAG/KNbO3 composite material microchip laser has generated up to 33 mW of blue (473 nm) cw radiation near room temperature. The fundamental radiation generated by the 946 nm transition in Nd:YAG was frequency doubled in KNbO3 angle cut to be type I critically phase-matched at 40°C.
Published: 1996
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33. Controlled transport of magnetic particles using soft magnetic patterns

Author: Richard S. Conroy, Gary Zabow, John M. Moreland, and Alan P. Koretsky
Subjects: Rotating magnetic field, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Magnetic structure, Magnetic domain, Magnet, Magnetic nanoparticles, Bubble memory, Nanotechnology, Biological system, Fluid transport, Superparamagnetism
Abstract: Inspired by magnetic bubble memory technology, we demonstrate the temporal and spatial manipulation of superparamagnetic beads guided by soft magnetic patterns in a rotating magnetic field. Soft magnetic structures allow complex and repetitive tasks to be performed. As a demonstration, we show cyclic capture and release of antibodies from different microfluidic streams.
Published: 2008
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34. Diffusion-controlled optical elements for optofluidics

Author: Mara Prentiss, Daniel B. Wolfe, Richard S. Conroy, George M. Whitesides, Brian T. Mayers, and Dmitri V. Vezenov
Subjects: Silicon photonics, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laminar flow, Waveguide (optics), Optofluidics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Slot-waveguide, Optics, Fiber optic splitter, business, Optical filter, Refractive index
Abstract: Diffusion at the interface between two streams of liquids with different refractive indices, flowing laminarly, creates a controllable concentration gradient and a corresponding refractive index gradient. Using flow rate to change the time over which diffusion occurs in a liquid-liquid (L2) optical waveguide, we demonstrate an optical splitter and a wavelength filter. The optical splitter comprises two parallel L2 waveguides which smoothly merge into a single L2 waveguide by diffusion. The wavelength filter comprises an optical splitter in which the two L2 waveguides contain an absorbing dye.
Published: 2005
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35. All-solid-state, tunable, single-frequency source of yellow light for high-resolution spectroscopy

Author: J. Mlynek, T. Petelski, Stephan Schiller, Kamel Bencheikh, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Dye laser, Materials science, business.industry, High resolution, Radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, All solid state, Optical parametric oscillator, Optoelectronics, business, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: We demonstrate a cw doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator that is frequency doubled in an external resonant cavity to the visible spectral range. We obtained single-frequency radiation in the range 565-590 nm with as much as 3.8 mW of power, which is continuously tunable over an 18-GHz range and step tunable over 160 GHz. The source is well suited for high-resolution spectroscopy in the visible region. As a demonstration, we performed persistent hyperfine spectral hole-burning spectroscopy of Eu(3+): Y(2)SiO(5) . Reliable operation of the source permitted studies of the hole's lifetime over several hours.
Published: 2001
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36. Self-Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 microchip lasers

Author: Richard S. Conroy, G.J. Friel, Alan J. Kemp, T.K. Lake, and Bruce D. Sinclair
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Ti:sapphire laser, Laser, Q-switching, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Gain-switching, Pulse (physics), Longitudinal mode, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index, Tunable laser
Abstract: We have observed giant pulses from cw pumped, monolithic Nd:YVO(4) microchip lasers, several hundred times the cw level, with pulse lengths less than 2 ns, which cannot be accounted for by conventional gain switching. These pulses occur as the second longitudinal mode starts to oscillate and can be described by the inclusion of gain-related effects in the formation of a stable cavity.
Published: 1998
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37. Microchip Nd:vanadate lasers at 1342 and 671 nm

Author: Bruce D. Sinclair, Graham J. Friel, Richard S. Conroy, and Alan J. Kemp
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, law, business.industry, Attenuation coefficient, Vanadate, Microchip laser, Radiation, Laser, business, Refractive index, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention
Abstract: As much as 105 mW of single-frequency output at 1342 nm was obtained from a diode-laser-pumped Nd:YVO(4) microchip laser. An intracavity frequency-doubled device generated 10 mW of single-frequency red radiation.
Published: 1997
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38. Blue microchip laser fabricated from Nd:YAG and KNbO3

Author: David G. Matthews, Bruce D. Sinclair, Neil MacKinnon, and Richard S. Conroy
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Linear polarization, Phase (waves), Radiation, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, High harmonic generation, business, Diode
Abstract: A Nd:YAG/KNbO(3) composite-material microchip laser has generated blue radiation at 473 nm with output powers of 1 mW when diode laser pumped and 9 mW when Ti:sapphire laser pumped. The fundamental radiation generated by the quasi-three-level (4)F(3/2)-(4)I(9/2) transition in Nd:YAG at 946 nm was frequency doubled in KNbO(3) angle cut to be type I critically phase matched at 45 degrees C. Despite the normally isotropic nature of Nd:YAG, the fundamental is emitted linearly polarized and orthogonal to the linearly polarized blue radiation.
Published: 1996
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39. Overview of JET results

Author: F. Romanelli, F. Laxaback, I. Abel, V. Afanesyev, G. Agarici, K. M. Aggarwal, M. Airila, R. Akers, T.h. Alarcon, A. Alexeev, A. Alfier, P. Allan, S. Almaviva, A. Alonso, M. Alonso, B. Alper, H. Altmann, D. Alves, V. Amosov, G. Anda, F. Andersson, E. Andersson Sund́en, V. Andreev, Y. Andrew, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, A. Anghel, C. Angioni, G. Apruzzese, N. Arcis, P. Arena, A. Argouarch, M. Ariola, A. Armitano, R. Armstrong, G. Arnoux, S. Arshad, G. Artaserse, J. F. Artaud, A. Ash, E. Asp, O. Asunta, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Atkins, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, A. Baciero, V. Bailescu, B. Baiocchi, R. A. Baker, I. Balboa, C. Balorin, N. Balshaw, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, D. Barbier, I. L. Barlow, M. A. Barnard, R. Barnsley, L. Barrena, L. Barrera, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, G. Bateman, P. Batistoni, N. Baumgarten, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, P. S. Beaumont, K. Beausang, M. B́ecoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, A. C. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, P. S. A. Belo, ́.E. Belonohy, P. E. Bennett, N. A. Benterman, G. Berger By, H. Bergsåker, H. Berk, J. Bernardo, B. Bertrand, M. N. A. Beurskens, B. Bieg, B. Bienkowska, T. Biewer, T. M. Biewer, M. Bigi, R. Bilato, J. Bird, J. Bizarro, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, E. Blanco, J. Blum, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, D. Boilson, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, L. Boncagni, G. Bonheure, X. Bonnin, D. Borba, A. Borthwick, A. Botrugno, C. Boulbe, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, K. v. Bovert, M. Bowden, T. Boyce, H. J. Boyer, A. Bozhenkov, R. J. Brade, J. M. A. Bradshaw, J. Braet, V. Braic, G. C. Braithwaite, C. Brault, H. Braune, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, A. Brett, J. Breue, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, F. Briscoe, M. Brix, M. Brombin, B. C. Brown, D. P. D. Brown, A. Bruschi, J. Brzozowski, J. Bucalossi, M. A. Buckley, T. Budd, R. Budny, R. V. Budny, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, G. Burcea, P. R. Butcher, R. J. Buttery, R. Caç̃ao, G. Calabr`o, C. P. Callaghan, J. P. Caminade, P. G. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Canik, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, T. Carlstrom, P. Carman, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, T. Carter, B. B. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, A. Casati, C. Castaldo, J. Caughman, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, F. E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, C. Centioli, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, C. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, D. J. Child, P. Chiru, G. Chitarin, I. Chugonov, I. Chugunov, D. Ciric, F. Clairet, R. H. Clarke, R. Clay, M. Clever, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, M. Cole, S. Collins, S. Combs, J. Compan, J. E. Conboy, S. Conroy, N. Cook, S. P. Cook, D. Coombs, S. R. Cooper, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, G. F. Counsell, X. Courtois, M. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, F. Crisanti, O. Croft, K. Crombe, B. J. Crowley, N. Cruz, L. Cupido, M. Curuia, R. A. Cusack, A. Czarnecka, S. Dalley, E. T. Daly, A. Dalziel, D. Darrow, O. David, N. Davies, J. J. Davis, I. E. Day, C. Day, R. De Angelis, G. deArcas, M. R. de Baar, E. delaCal, E. de la Luna, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, P. C. de Vries, F. Degli Agostini, E. Delabie, D. del Castillo Negrete, L. Delpech, G. Denisov, A. J. Denyer, R. F. Denyer, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, L. Di Matteo, L. DiPace, P. J. Dirken, A. Dnestrovskiy, D. Dodt, K. Dominiczak, S. E. Dorling, D. Douai, A. P. Down, P. T. Doyle, J. R. Drake, T. Dreischuh, V. Drozdov, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, I. Duran, F. Durodíe, K. Dylst, R. Eaton, T. Edlington, A. M. Edwards, D. T. Edwards, P. K. Edwards, T.h. Eich, A. Ekedahl, T. Elevant, A. Elfimov, B. Ellingboe, C. G. Elsmore, B. Emmoth, G. Ericsson, L. G. Eriksson, A. Eriksson, B. Esposito, H. G. Esser, T. Estrada, E. A. Evangelidis, G. E. Evans, G. D. Ewart, D. T. Ewers, G. Falchetto, D. Falie, J. G. A. Fanthome, D. Farina, J. W. Farthing, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, C. Fenzi, H. Fernandes, J. A. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, J. A. Fessey, L. Figini, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, P. Finburg, K. H. Finken, U. Fischer, N. Fitzgerald, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, A. Fonseca, A. D. Forbes, O. Ford, A. Formisano, D. Fraboulet, R. J. Francis, L. Frassinetti, R. Fresa, J. P. Friconneau, D. Frigione, J. C. Fuchs, K. Fullard, W. Fundamenski, M. Furno Palumbo, J. Gafert, K. Ǵal, R. Galṽao, S. Garavaglia, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, M. Gar cia Munoz, W. Gardner, P. Garibaldi, D. Garnier, L. Garzotti, M. Gatu Johnson, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, J. W. Gaze, D. F. Gear, J. Gedney, S. J. Gee, M. Gelfusa, E. Genangeli, S. Gerasimov, A. Geraud, T. Gerbaud, M. Gherendi, N. Ghirelli, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, C. Gil, S. J. Gilligan, C. G. Gimblett, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glowacz, J. Godwin, J. K. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod’ko, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, S. Gonzales, S. M. Gonźalezde Vicente, A. Goodyear, N. Gorelenkov, G. Gorini, R. Goulding, B. Graham, D. Graham, M. E. Graham, G. Granucci, J. Graves, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, G. Grossetti, M. Groth, S. Gr̈unhagen, M. P. Gryaznevich, R. Guirlet, B. Gulejova, J. Gunn, A. Gupta, P. Guzdar, P. Hacek, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, B. Haist, A. Hakola, S. J. Hall, S. P. HallworthCook, D. T. Hamilton, H. Han, R. C. Handley, S. Harding, J. D. W. Harling, D. Harting, M. J. Harvey, T. D. V. Haupt, E. Havlickova, N. C. Hawkes, R. Hawryluk, J. H. Hay, N. Hayashi, P. W. Haydon, I. R. Hayward, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, W. Heidbrink, J. Heikkinen, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, C. Hennig, V. Hennion, C. Hidalgo, S. Higashijima, J. W. Hill, M. Hill, K. Hill, J. Hillairet, D. Hillis, T. Hirai, M. Hitchin, J. Hobirk, C. Hogan, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, I. C. Hollingham, R. Holyaka, D. A. Homfray, G. Honeyands, S. H. Hong, C. Hopf, B. A. Horn, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, W. Houlberg, D. F. Howell, M. Hron, A. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, Z. Hudson, M. Hughes, M. Ḧuhnerbein, C. C. Hume, A. J. Hunt, C. L. Hunter, T. S. Hutchinson, S. Huygen, G. Huysmans, V. Hyn̈onen, S. Ide, R. Igreja, C. Illescas, F. Imbeaux, D. Ivanova, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, G. Jackson, P. Jacquet, K. Jakubowska, M. Jakubowski, P. V. James, R. J. E. Jaspers, S. Jednorog, I. Jenkins, M. A. C. Jennison, C. Jeskins, O. Jin Kwon, E. Joffrin, M. F. Johnson, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, D. Jolovic, V. Jonauskas, E. M. Jones, G. Jones, H. D. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, M. Jouvet, C. Juṕen, I. Kachtchouk, J. Kaczmarczyk, A. Kallenbach, J. K̈allne, D. Kalupin, S. Ḱalvin, G. Kamelander, R. Kamendje, A. Kappatou, S. Karttunen, W. Kasparek, I. Katramados, M. Kaufmann, G. Kaveney, A. S. Kaye, M. J. Kear, D. L. Keeling, D. Kelliher, M. Kempenaars, P. Khilar, N. G. Kidd, M. Kiisk, K. M. Kim, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, G. Kirnev, N. Kirneva, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, R. Kisielius, D. Kislov, G. Kiss, T. Kiviniemi, G. Kizane, A. Klein, A. Klix, M. Knaup, K. Kneuper, H. Kneupner, P. J. Knight, S. J. Knipe, M. Kocan, F. K̈ochl, G. Kocsis, C. Konz, T. Koppitz, A. Korotkov, H. R. Koslowski, V. Kotov, M. D. Kovari, K. Kovarik, G. Kramer, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, S. Kraus, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, A. Kritz, Y. Krivchenkov, U. Kruezi, M. Krychowiak, S. Krylov, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubic, S. Kuhn, W. K̈uhnlein, T. Kurki Suonio, A. Kurowski, B. Kuteev, A. Kuyanov, R. La Haye, M. Laan, C. Labate, A. Lachichi, N. Lam, P. Lang, M. T. Large, I. Lassiwe, J. R. Last, K. D. Lawson, M. Laxåback, R. A. Layne, E. Lazzaro, F. LeGuern, B. LeBlanc, H. J. Leggate, M. Lehnen, M. Leigheb, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C. N. Lescure, Y. Li, A. Li Puma, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, Y. Lin, J. Linke, S. A. Linstead, B. Lipshultz, X. Litaudon, A. G. Litvak, Y. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, P. J. Lomas, F. D. Long, J. L̈onnroth, D. J. Looker, J. Lopez, P.h. Lotte, M. J. Loughlin, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukanitsa, A. M. Lungu, C. P. Lungu, A. Lyssoivan, P. Macheta, A. S. Mackenzie, M. Macrae, G. Maddaluno, G. P. Maddison, J. Madsen, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, M. Makowski, C. J. Manning, M. Mansfield, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. A. Marchitti, M. Mardenfeld, J. L. Marechal, M. Marinelli, A. Marinoni, M. Marinucci, J. M̈arki, D. Marocco, C. A. Marren, D. Martin, D. L. Martin, G. Martin, Y. Martin, J. R. Mart́ın Soĺıs, K. Masaki, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, C. Maszl, A. Matilal, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, C. R. May, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, E. Mazzucato, P. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, K. McCormick, P. A. McCullen, D. McCune, D. C. McDonald, R. Mcgregor, J. P. Mckivitt, A. Meakins, F. Medina, A. G. Meigs, M. Menard, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, I. R. Merrigan, P.h. Mertens, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, M. Miele, P. Migliucci, A. G. Miller, S. F. Mills, J. J. Milnes, K. Min Kim, T. Mindham, F. Mirizzi, E. Mirones, M. Mironov, R. Mitteau, J. Mlynar, P. Mollard, I. Monakhov, P. Monier Garbet, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, D. Moreau, P.h. Moreau, L. Moreira, A. Morgan, P. D. Morgan, C. Morlock, A. Moro, A. W. Morris, G. L. Mort, C. Mrozek, A. Mueck, H. W. M̈uller, M. Murakami, A. Murari, I. Mustata, F. Nabais, E. Nardon, G. Nash, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, R. Nazikian, I. Nedzelski, C. R. Negus, J. D. Neilson, A. Neto, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, G. J. Newbert, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, A. Nicolai, L. Nicolas, P. Nieckchen, P. Nielsen, A. H. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, G. Nielson, J. Nieto, M. P. S. Nightingale, C. Noble, M. Nocente, M. Nora, H. Nordman, M. Norman, J. M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, I. Nunes, F. Ognissanto, T. O’Gorman, S. Olariu, A. Oleynikov, M. O’Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, O. I. Oswuigwe, M. Ottaviani, N. Oyama, D. Pacella, K. Paget, S. Palazzo, J. Pamela, S. Pamela, R. Panek, L. Pangione, A. Panin, T.h. Panis, A. Pankin, A. Pantea, V. Parail, T.h. Parisot, A. Parkin, A. Parsloe, B. T. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, P. Pastor, R. Paterson, M. K. Paul, D. Peach, R. J. H. Pearce, B. J. Pearson, I. J. Pearson, L. C. Pedrick, M. A. Pedrosa, B. Pegourie, R. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Pereverzev, A. Perevezentsev, C.h. PerezvonThun, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, A. Perona, Y. Perrot, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyy, G. Petravich, L. Petrizzi, V. Petrov, V. Petrzilka, V. Philipps, G. Piazza, F. Piccolo, A. Pietropaolo, M. Pillon, S. D. Pinches, T. Pinna, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, B. Plaum, V. Plyusnin, M. Polasik, F. M. Poli, N. Pomaro, O. Pompilian, L. Poncet, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, F. Porcelli, M. T. Porfiri, C. Portafaix, A. Pospieszczyk, G. Possnert, G. Prestopino, P. Prior, R. Prokopowicz, I. Proverbio, R. Pugno, M. E. Puiatti, K. Purahoo, V. Pustovitov, T.h. P̈utterich, D. P̈uttmann Kneupner, E. Rachlew, R. Rademaker, T. Rafiq, M. S. J. Rainford, G. Ramogida, K. Rantam̈aki, J. Rapp, J. J. Rasmussen, G. Ratt́a, G. Ravera, M. Reich, R. Reichle, D. Reiser, R. Reiss, D. Reiter, D. Rendell, C. Reux, G. Rewoldt, T. T. Ribeiro, V. Riccardo, D. Richards, F. Rigollet, F. G. Rimini, L. Rios, M. Riva, J. E. C. Roberts, R. J. Robins, D. S. Robinson, S. A. Robinson, D. W. Robson, H. Roche, M. R̈odig, N. Rodionov, V. Rohde, A. Rolfe, M. Romanelli, A. Romano, J. Romero, E. Ronchi, S. Rosanvallon, C.h. Roux, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, M. Russell, A. Ruth, L. Ryc, A. Rydzy, F. Ryter, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, S. Sadakov, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, A. Saille, F. Saint Laurent, A. Salmi, R. Salomaa, F. Salzedas, U. Samm, P. Sanchez, S. Sanders, S. G. Sanders, G. Sandford, K. Sandland, P. Sandquist, D. E. G. Sands, M. I. K. Santala, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, A. Savelyev, A. Savtchkov, S. C. Scales, A. Scarabosio, N. Schaefer, C.h. Schlatter, V. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, O. Schmitz, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, M. Scholz, K. Scḧopf, B. Schweer, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Seki, L. Semeraro, A. Semerok, G. Sergienko, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. M. J. Shannon, S. E. Sharapov, S. R. Shaw, A. Shevelev, R. Sievering, C. A. Silva, P. A. Simmons, A. Simonetto, D. Simpson, S. Sipila, A. C. C. Sips, A. Sirinelli, H. Sj̈ostrand, D. Skopintsev, K. S.l.a.b.k.o.w.s.k.a., P. G. Smith, J. Snipes, L. Snoj, S. Snyder, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, S. Soldatov, A. Soleto, W. Solomon, C. Soltane, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, A. Sorrentino, J. Sousa, C. B. C. Sowden, C. Sozzi, P. Sp̈ah, T. Spelzini, J. Spence, F. Spineanu, P. Spuig, A. Sẗabler, R. D. Stagg, M. F. Stamp, V. Stancalie, P. Stangeby, C. Stan Sion, D. E. Starkey, M. J. Stead, A. V. Stephen, A. L. Stevens, J. Stober, R. B. Stokes, D. Stork, D. Stoyanov, J. Strachan, P. Strand, M. Stransky, D. Strauss, D. Strintzi, W. Studholme, Y. SuNa, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, Y. Sun, C. Surdu Bob, E. Surrey, D. J. Sutton, J. Svensson, D. Swain, B. D. Syme, I. D. Symonds, T. Szepesi, A. Szydlowski, F. Tabares, V. Takalo, H. Takenaga, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, C. Taliercio, C. Tame, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, G. Telesca, A. Terra, A. O. Terrington, D. Testa, J. M. Theis, J. D. Thomas, P. D. Thomas, P. R. Thomas, V. K. Thompson, H. Thomsen, C. Thomser, A. Thyagaraja, P. A. Tigwell, I. Tiseanu, R. Tivey, J. M. Todd, T. N. Todd, M. Z. Tokar, S. Tosti, P. Trabuc, J. M. Travere, W. Treutterer, P. Trimble, A. Trkov, E. Trukhina, M. Tsalas, H. Tsige Tamirat, E. Tsitrone, D. Tskhakaya jun, O. Tudisco, S. Tugarinov, M. M. Turner, G. Turri, S. G. J. Tyrrell, N. Umeda, B. Unterberg, H. Urano, A. J. Urquhart, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. Vaccaro, A. P. Vadgama, G. Vagliasindi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, J. Vallory, M. Valovic, D. Van Eester, B. van Milligen, G. J. van Rooij, C. A. F. Varandas, S. Vartanian, V. Vdovin, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, J. M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Verona, T.h. Versloot, M. Vervier, J. Vicente, S. Villari, E. Villedieu, F. Villone, J. E. Vince, G. J. Vine, B. Viola, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Vrancken, K. Vulliez, C. W. F. Waldon, M. Walker, M. J. Walsh, J. Waterhouse, M. L. Watkins, M. J. Watson, T. Wauters, M. W. Way, C. R. Webb, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, R. Wenninger, A. T. West, J. M. Weulersse, B. Weyssow, M. R. Wheatley, A. D. Whiteford, A. M. Whitehead, A. G. Whitehurst, A. M. Widdowson, R. C. Wieggers, C. Wiegmann, S. Wiesen, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, D. M. Witts, R. C. Wolf, J. Wolowski, P. Woscov, G. M. Wright, J. Wright, G. S. Xu, V. Yavorskij, V. Yerashok, J. Yorkshades, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, X. Yuhong, L. Zabeo, A. Zabolotsky, L. Zaccarian, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, S. Zajac, L. Zakharov, R. Zanino, V. Zaroschi, K. D. Zastrow, I. Zatz, B. Zefran, W. Zeidner, M. Zerbini, T. Zhang, Y. Zhu, E. Zilli, O. Zimmermann, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, W. Zwingman, JET EFDA Contributors, ALBANESE, Raffaele, AMBROSINO, GIUSEPPE, BELLIZIO, TERESA, CARANNANTE, GIUSEPPE, COCCORESE, VINCENZO, DE TOMMASI, GIANMARIA, MIANO, GIOVANNI, PIRONTI, ALFREDO, QUERCIA, ANTONIO, RUBINACCI, GUGLIELMO, J., Pamela, EMILIA R., Solano, AND JET EFDA, Contributor, J. M., Adam, G., Agarici, M., Agarici, H., Akhter, Albanese, Raffaele, Romanelli, F., Laxaback, F., Abel, I., Afanesyev, V., Agarici, G., Aggarwal, K. M., Airila, M., Akers, R., Alarcon, T. h., Alexeev, A., Alfier, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alonso, M., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Alves, D., Ambrosino, Giuseppe, Amosov, V., Anda, G., Andersson, F., Andersson Sund́en, E., Andreev, V., Andrew, Y., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Anghel, A., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Arcis, N., Arena, P., Argouarch, A., Ariola, M., Armitano, A., Armstrong, R., Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Artaserse, G., Artaud, J. F., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Atkins, G., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balorin, C., Balshaw, N., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barbier, D., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnsley, R., Barrena, L., Barrera, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bateman, G., Batistoni, P., Baumgarten, N., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beaumont, P. S., Beausang, K., B́ecoulet, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, A. C., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Bellizio, Teresa, Belo, P. S. A., Belonohy, ́. E., Bennett, P. E., Benterman, N. A., Berger By, G., Bergsåker, H., Berk, H., Bernardo, J., Bertrand, B., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bienkowska, B., Biewer, T., Biewer, T. M., Bigi, M., Bilato, R., Bird, J., Bizarro, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blum, J., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Boilson, D., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonheure, G., Bonnin, X., Borba, D., Borthwick, A., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bovert, K. v., Bowden, M., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bozhenkov, A., Brade, R. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braet, J., Braic, V., Braithwaite, G. C., Brault, C., Braune, H., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Breue, J., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Briscoe, F., Brix, M., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Bruschi, A., Brzozowski, J., Bucalossi, J., Buckley, M. A., Budd, T., Budny, R., Budny, R. V., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Butcher, P. R., Buttery, R. J., Caç̃ao, R., Calabr`o, G., Callaghan, C. P., Caminade, J. P., Camp, P. G., Campling, D. C., Canik, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Carannante, Giuseppe, Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carlstrom, T., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carter, T., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, P., Casati, A., Castaldo, C., Caughman, J., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Cecil, F. E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Child, D. J., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chugonov, I., Chugunov, I., Ciric, D., Clairet, F., Clarke, R. H., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, Vincenzo, Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Cole, M., Collins, S., Combs, S., Compan, J., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Cook, S. P., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Counsell, G. F., Courtois, X., Cox, M., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowley, B. J., Cruz, N., Cupido, L., Curuia, M., Cusack, R. A., Czarnecka, A., Dalley, S., Daly, E. T., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., David, O., Davies, N., Davis, J. J., Day, I. E., Day, C., De Angelis, R., Dearcas, G., de Baar, M. R., Delacal, E., de la Luna, E., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., DE TOMMASI, Gianmaria, de Vries, P. C., Degli Agostini, F., Delabie, E., del Castillo Negrete, D., Delpech, L., Denisov, G., Denyer, A. J., Denyer, R. F., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Matteo, L., Dipace, L., Dirken, P. J., Dnestrovskiy, A., Dodt, D., Dominiczak, K., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Down, A. P., Doyle, P. T., Drake, J. R., Dreischuh, T., Drozdov, V., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Duran, I., Durodíe, F., Dylst, K., Eaton, R., Edlington, T., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, D. T., Edwards, P. K., Eich, T. h., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Elfimov, A., Ellingboe, B., Elsmore, C. G., Emmoth, B., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, L. G., Eriksson, A., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Estrada, T., Evangelidis, E. A., Evans, G. E., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Falchetto, G., Falie, D., Fanthome, J. G. A., Farina, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J. A., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Finburg, P., Finken, K. H., Fischer, U., Fitzgerald, N., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Fonseca, A., Forbes, A. D., Ford, O., Formisano, A., Fraboulet, D., Francis, R. J., Frassinetti, L., Fresa, R., Friconneau, J. P., Frigione, D., Fuchs, J. C., Fullard, K., Fundamenski, W., Furno Palumbo, M., Gafert, J., Ǵal, K., Galṽao, R., Garavaglia, S., Garbet, X., Garcia, J., Gar cia Munoz, M., Gardner, W., Garibaldi, P., Garnier, D., Garzotti, L., Gatu Johnson, M., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gedney, J., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Geraud, A., Gerbaud, T., Gherendi, M., Ghirelli, N., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Gil, C., Gilligan, S. J., Gimblett, C. G., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glowacz, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J. K., Gohil, P., Goloborod’Ko, V., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzales, S., Gonźalezde Vicente, S. M., Goodyear, A., Gorelenkov, N., Gorini, G., Goulding, R., Graham, B., Graham, D., Graham, M. E., Granucci, G., Graves, J., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Gros, G., Grossetti, G., Groth, M., Gr̈unhagen, S., Gryaznevich, M. P., Guirlet, R., Gulejova, B., Gunn, J., Gupta, A., Guzdar, P., Hacek, P., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Haist, B., Hakola, A., Hall, S. J., Hallworthcook, S. P., Hamilton, D. T., Han, H., Handley, R. C., Harding, S., Harling, J. D. W., Harting, D., Harvey, M. J., Haupt, T. D. V., Havlickova, E., Hawkes, N. C., Hawryluk, R., Hay, J. H., Hayashi, N., Haydon, P. W., Hayward, I. R., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heidbrink, W., Heikkinen, J., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Hennig, C., Hennion, V., Hidalgo, C., Higashijima, S., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hill, K., Hillairet, J., Hillis, D., Hirai, T., Hitchin, M., Hobirk, J., Hogan, C., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingham, I. C., Holyaka, R., Homfray, D. A., Honeyands, G., Hong, S. H., Hopf, C., Horn, B. A., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Houlberg, W., Howell, D. F., Hron, M., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hudson, Z., Hughes, M., Ḧuhnerbein, M., Hume, C. C., Hunt, A. J., Hunter, C. L., Hutchinson, T. S., Huygen, S., Huysmans, G., Hyn̈onen, V., Ide, S., Igreja, R., Illescas, C., Imbeaux, F., Ivanova, D., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, G., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., Jakubowski, M., James, P. V., Jaspers, R. J. E., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jennison, M. A. C., Jeskins, C., Jin Kwon, O., Joffrin, E., Johnson, M. F., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Jolovic, D., Jonauskas, V., Jones, E. M., Jones, G., Jones, H. D., Jones, T. T. C., Jouvet, M., Juṕen, C., Kachtchouk, I., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallenbach, A., K̈allne, J., Kalupin, D., Ḱalvin, S., Kamelander, G., Kamendje, R., Kappatou, A., Karttunen, S., Kasparek, W., Katramados, I., Kaufmann, M., Kaveney, G., Kaye, A. S., Kear, M. J., Keeling, D. L., Kelliher, D., Kempenaars, M., Khilar, P., Kidd, N. G., Kiisk, M., Kim, K. M., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirnev, G., Kirneva, N., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kisielius, R., Kislov, D., Kiss, G., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klein, A., Klix, A., Knaup, M., Kneuper, K., Kneupner, H., Knight, P. J., Knipe, S. J., Kocan, M., K̈ochl, F., Kocsis, G., Konz, C., Koppitz, T., Korotkov, A., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kovari, M. D., Kovarik, K., Kramer, G., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kraus, S., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Kritz, A., Krivchenkov, Y., Kruezi, U., Krychowiak, M., Krylov, S., Ksiazek, I., Kubic, M., Kuhn, S., K̈uhnlein, W., Kurki Suonio, T., Kurowski, A., Kuteev, B., Kuyanov, A., La Haye, R., Laan, M., Labate, C., Lachichi, A., Lam, N., Lang, P., Large, M. T., Lassiwe, I., Last, J. R., Lawson, K. D., Laxåback, M., Layne, R. A., Lazzaro, E., Leguern, F., Leblanc, B., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leigheb, M., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescure, C. N., Li, Y., Li Puma, A., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lin, Y., Linke, J., Linstead, S. A., Lipshultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litvak, A. G., Liu, Y., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomas, P. J., Long, F. D., L̈onnroth, J., Looker, D. J., Lopez, J., Lotte, P. h., Loughlin, M. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukanitsa, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Macrae, M., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makowski, M., Manning, C. J., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marchitti, M. A., Mardenfeld, M., Marechal, J. L., Marinelli, M., Marinoni, A., Marinucci, M., M̈arki, J., Marocco, D., Marren, C. A., Martin, D., Martin, D. L., Martin, G., Martin, Y., Mart́ın Soĺıs, J. R., Masaki, K., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maszl, C., Matilal, A., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., May, C. R., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, P., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mccune, D., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcgregor, R., Mckivitt, J. P., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Meigs, A. G., Menard, M., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, P. h., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Miano, Giovanni, Miele, M., Migliucci, P., Miller, A. G., Mills, S. F., Milnes, J. J., Min Kim, K., Mindham, T., Mirizzi, F., Mirones, E., Mironov, M., Mitteau, R., Mlynar, J., Mollard, P., Monakhov, I., Monier Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Moreau, D., Moreau, P. h., Moreira, L., Morgan, A., Morgan, P. D., Morlock, C., Moro, A., Morris, A. W., Mort, G. L., Mrozek, C., Mueck, A., M̈uller, H. W., Murakami, M., Murari, A., Mustata, I., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Nash, G., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nazikian, R., Nedzelski, I., Negus, C. R., Neilson, J. D., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newbert, G. J., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, A., Nicolas, L., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nielson, G., Nieto, J., Nightingale, M. P. S., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nora, M., Nordman, H., Norman, M., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I., Ognissanto, F., O’Gorman, T., Olariu, S., Oleynikov, A., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, O. I., Ottaviani, M., Oyama, N., Pacella, D., Paget, K., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panek, R., Pangione, L., Panin, A., Panis, T. h., Pankin, A., Pantea, A., Parail, V., Parisot, T. h., Parkin, A., Parsloe, A., Parsons, B. T., Pasqualotto, R., Pastor, P., Paterson, R., Paul, M. K., Peach, D., Pearce, R. J. H., Pearson, B. J., Pearson, I. J., Pedrick, L. C., Pedrosa, M. A., Pegourie, B., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereverzev, G., Perevezentsev, A., Perezvonthun, C. h., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Perrot, Y., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyy, S., Petravich, G., Petrizzi, L., Petrov, V., Petrzilka, V., Philipps, V., Piazza, G., Piccolo, F., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pinches, S. D., Pinna, T., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pironti, Alfredo, Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plaum, B., Plyusnin, V., Polasik, M., Poli, F. M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Poncet, L., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porfiri, M. T., Portafaix, C., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Prestopino, G., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proverbio, I., Pugno, R., Puiatti, M. E., Purahoo, K., Pustovitov, V., P̈utterich, T. h., P̈uttmann Kneupner, D., Quercia, Antonio, Rachlew, E., Rademaker, R., Rafiq, T., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Rantam̈aki, K., Rapp, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratt́a, G., Ravera, G., Reich, M., Reichle, R., Reiser, D., Reiss, R., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Rewoldt, G., Ribeiro, T. T., Riccardo, V., Richards, D., Rigollet, F., Rimini, F. G., Rios, L., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, D. S., Robinson, S. A., Robson, D. W., Roche, H., R̈odig, M., Rodionov, N., Rohde, V., Rolfe, A., Romanelli, M., Romano, A., Romero, J., Ronchi, E., Rosanvallon, S., Roux, C. h., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Russell, M., Ruth, A., Ryc, L., Rydzy, A., Ryter, F., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabathier, F., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saille, A., Saint Laurent, F., Salmi, A., Salomaa, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sanchez, P., Sanders, S., Sanders, S. G., Sandford, G., Sandland, K., Sandquist, P., Sands, D. E. G., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Savelyev, A., Savtchkov, A., Scales, S. C., Scarabosio, A., Schaefer, N., Schlatter, C. h., Schmidt, V., Schmidt, A., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Scḧopf, K., Schweer, B., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Seki, M., Semeraro, L., Semerok, A., Sergienko, G., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, S. R., Shevelev, A., Sievering, R., Silva, C. A., Simmons, P. A., Simonetto, A., Simpson, D., Sipila, S., Sips, A. C. C., Sirinelli, A., Sj̈ostrand, H., Skopintsev, D., K. S. l. a. b. k. o. w. s. k. a., Smith, P. G., Snipes, J., Snoj, L., Snyder, S., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Soleto, A., Solomon, W., Soltane, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sorrentino, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sp̈ah, P., Spelzini, T., Spence, J., Spineanu, F., Spuig, P., Sẗabler, A., Stagg, R. D., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stangeby, P., Stan Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, A. L., Stober, J., Stokes, R. B., Stork, D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Stransky, M., Strauss, D., Strintzi, D., Studholme, W., Suna, Y., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Surdu Bob, C., Surrey, E., Sutton, D. J., Svensson, J., Swain, D., Syme, B. D., Symonds, I. D., Szepesi, T., Szydlowski, A., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Takenaga, H., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tame, C., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Telesca, G., Terra, A., Terrington, A. O., Testa, D., Theis, J. M., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, P. R., Thompson, V. K., Thomsen, H., Thomser, C., Thyagaraja, A., Tigwell, P. A., Tiseanu, I., Tivey, R., Todd, J. M., Todd, T. N., Tokar, M. Z., Tosti, S., Trabuc, P., Travere, J. M., Treutterer, W., Trimble, P., Trkov, A., Trukhina, E., Tsalas, M., Tsige Tamirat, H., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Tugarinov, S., Turner, M. M., Turri, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Umeda, N., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Urquhart, A. J., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vaccaro, A., Vadgama, A. P., Vagliasindi, G., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallory, J., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., van Milligen, B., van Rooij, G. J., Varandas, C. A. F., Vartanian, S., Vdovin, V., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verger, J. M., Vermare, L., Verona, C., Versloot, T. h., Vervier, M., Vicente, J., Villari, S., Villedieu, E., Villone, F., Vince, J. E., Vine, G. J., Viola, B., Vitale, E., Vitelli, R., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vrancken, M., Vulliez, K., Waldon, C. W. F., Walker, M., Walsh, M. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, M. L., Watson, M. J., Wauters, T., Way, M. W., Webb, C. R., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wenninger, R., West, A. T., Weulersse, J. M., Weyssow, B., Wheatley, M. R., Whiteford, A. D., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehurst, A. G., Widdowson, A. M., Wieggers, R. C., Wiegmann, C., Wiesen, S., Wilson, A., Wilson, D., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, M., Witts, D. M., Wolf, R. C., Wolowski, J., Woscov, P., Wright, G. M., Wright, J., G. S., Xu, Yavorskij, V., Yerashok, V., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yuhong, X., Zabeo, L., Zabolotsky, A., Zaccarian, L., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zajac, S., Zakharov, L., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zatz, I., Zefran, B., Zeidner, W., Zerbini, M., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y., Zilli, E., Zimmermann, O., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zwingman, W., JET EFDA Contributors, Romanelli, F, Laxaback, M, Abel, I, Afanesyev, V, Agarici, G, Aggarwal, K, Airila, M, Akers, R, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alexeev, A, Alfier, A, Allan, P, Almaviva, S, Alonso, A, Alonso, M, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Alves, D, Ambrosino, G, Amosov, V, Anda, G, Andersson, F, Andersson Sunden, E, Andreev, V, Andrew, Y, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Anghel, A, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Arcis, N, Arena, P, Argouarch, A, Ariola, M, Armitano, A, Armstrong, R, Arnoux, G, Arshad, S, Artaserse, G, Artaud, J, Ash, A, Asp, E, Asunta, O, Atanasiu, C, Atkins, G, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Bailescu, V, Baiocchi, B, Baker, R, Balboa, I, Balorin, C, Balshaw, N, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barbier, D, Barlow, I, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barrena, L, Barrera, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bateman, G, Batiston, P, Baumgarten, N, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beaumont, P, Beausang, K, Becoulet, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, A, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Bellizio, T, Belo, P, Belonohy, E, Bennett, P, Benterman, N, Berger By, G, Bergsaker, H, Berk, H, Bernardo, J, Bertrand, B, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bienkowska, B, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bilato, R, Bird, J, Bizarro, J, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blanco, E, Blum, J, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Boilson, D, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Boncagni, L, Bonheure, G, Bonnin, X, Borba, D, Borthwick, A, Botrugno, A, Boulbe, C, Bouquey, F, Bourdelle, C, Bovert, K, Bowden, M, Boyce, T, Boyer, H, Bozhenkov, A, Brade, R, Bradshaw, J, Braet, J, Braic, V, Braithwaite, G, Brault, C, Braune, H, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Brett, A, Breue, J, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Briscoe, F, Brix, M, Brombin, M, Brown, B, Brown, D, Bruschi, A, Brzozowski, J, Bucalossi, J, Buckley, M, Budd, T, Budny, R, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burcea, G, Butcher, P, Buttery, R, Cacao, R, Calabro, G, Callaghan, C, Caminade, J, Camp, P, Campling, D, Canik, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Carannante, G, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carlstrom, T, Carman, P, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carter, T, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, P, Casati, A, Castaldo, C, Caughman, J, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Cecil, F, Cenedese, A, Centioli, C, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Child, D, Chiru, P, Chitarin, G, Chugonov, I, Ciric, D, Clairet, F, Clarke, R, Clay, R, Clever, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Cole, M, Collins, S, Combs, S, Compan, J, Conboy, J, Conroy, S, Cook, N, Cook, S, Coombs, D, Cooper, S, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Counsell, G, Courtois, X, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crisanti, F, Croft, O, Crombe, K, Crowley, B, Cruz, N, Cupido, L, Curuia, M, Cusack, R, Czarnecka, A, Dalley, S, Daly, E, Dalziel, A, Darrow, D, David, O, Davies, N, Davis, J, Day, I, Day, C, De Angelis, R, de Arcas, G, de Baar, M, de la Cal, E, de la Luna, E, de Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, de Vries, P, Degli Agostini, F, Delabie, E, del Castillo Negrete, D, Delpech, L, Denisov, G, Denyer, A, Denyer, R, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Matteo, L, Di Pace, L, Dirken, P, Dnestrovskiy, A, Dodt, D, Dominiczak, K, Dorling, S, Douai, D, Down, A, Doyle, P, Drake, J, Dreischuh, T, Drozdov, V, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dylst, K, Eaton, R, Edlington, T, Edwards, A, Edwards, D, Edwards, P, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Elfimov, A, Ellingboe, B, Elsmore, C, Emmoth, B, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, L, Eriksson, A, Esposito, B, Esser, H, Estrada, T, Evangelidis, E, Evans, G, Ewart, G, Ewers, D, Falchetto, G, Falie, D, Fanthome, J, Farina, D, Farthing, J, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenzi, C, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fessey, J, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Finburg, P, Finken, K, Fischer, U, Fitzgerald, N, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Fonseca, A, Forbes, A, Ford, O, Formisano, A, Fraboulet, D, Francis, R, Frassinetti, L, Fresa, R, Friconneau, J, Frigione, D, Fuchs, J, Fullard, K, Fundamenski, W, Furno Palumbo, M, Gafert, J, Gal, K, Galvao, R, Garavaglia, S, Garbet, X, Garcia, J, Garcia Munoz, M, Gardner, W, Garibaldi, P, Garnier, D, Garzotti, L, Gatu Johnson, M, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gaze, J, Gear, D, Gedney, J, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, Genangeli, E, Gerasimov, S, Geraud, A, Gerbaud, T, Gherendi, M, Ghirelli, N, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Gil, C, Gilligan, S, Gimblett, C, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glowacz, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Gonzales, S, Gonzales de Vicente, S, Goodyear, A, Gorelenkov, N, Gorini, G, Goulding, R, Graham, B, Graham, D, Graham, M, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grigore, E, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Gros, G, Grossetti, G, Groth, M, Gruenhagen, S, Gryaznevich, M, Guirlet, R, Gulejova, B, Gunn, J, Gupta, A, Guzdar, P, Hacek, P, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Haist, B, Hakola, A, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamilton, D, Han, H, Handley, R, Harding, S, Harling, J, Harting, D, Harvey, M, Haupt, T, Havlickova, E, Hawkes, N, Hawryluk, R, Hay, J, Hayashi, N, Haydon, P, Hayward, I, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, W, Heikkinen, J, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Hennig, C, Hennion, V, Hidalgo, C, Higashijima, S, Hill, J, Hill, M, Hill, K, Hillairet, J, Hillis, D, Hirai, T, Hitchin, M, Hobirk, J, Hogan, C, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingham, I, Holyaka, R, Homfray, D, Honeyands, G, Hong, S, Hopf, C, Horn, B, Horton, A, Horton, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Houlberg, W, Howell, D, Hron, M, Huber, A, Huddleston, T, Hudson, Z, Hughes, M, Huehnerbein, M, Hume, C, Hunt, A, Hunter, C, Hutchinson, T, Huygen, S, Huysmans, G, Hynoenen, V, Ide, S, Igreja, R, Illescas, C, Imbeaux, F, Ivanova, D, Ivings, E, Jachmich, S, Jackson, G, Jacquet, P, Jakubowska, K, Jakubowski, M, James, P, Jaspers, R, Jednorog, S, Jenkins, I, Jennison, M, Jeskins, C, Jin Kwon, O, Joffrin, E, Johnson, M, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Jolovic, D, Jonauskas, V, Jones, E, Jones, G, Jones, H, Jones, T, Jouvet, M, Jupen, C, Kachtchouk, I, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallenbach, A, Kaellne, J, Kalupin, D, Kalvin, S, Kamelander, G, Kamendje, R, Kappatou, A, Karttunen, S, Kasparek, W, Katramados, I, Kaufmann, M, Kaveney, G, Kaye, A, Kear, M, Keeling, D, Kelliher, D, Kempenaars, M, Khilar, P, Kidd, N, Kiisk, M, Kim, K, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirnev, G, Kirneva, N, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kisielius, R, Kislov, D, Kiss, G, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klein, A, Klix, A, Knaup, M, Kneuper, K, Kneupner, H, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Kocan, M, Koechl, F, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koppitz, T, Korotkov, A, Koslowski, H, Kotov, V, Kovari, M, Kovarik, K, Kramer, G, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Kraus, S, Kreter, A, Krieger, K, Kritz, A, Krivchenkov, Y, Kruezi, U, Krychowiak, M, Krylov, S, Ksiazek, I, Kubic, M, Kuhn, S, Kuehnlein, W, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurowski, A, Kuteev, B, Kuyanov, A, La Haye, R, Laan, M, Labate, C, Lachichi, A, Lam, N, Lang, P, Large, M, Lassiwe, I, Last, J, Lawson, K, Layne, R, Lazzaro, E, Le Guern, F, Leblanc, B, Leggate, H, Lehnen, M, Leigheb, M, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescure, C, Li, Y, Li Puma, A, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Lin, Y, Linke, J, Linstead, S, Lipshultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litvak, A, Liu, Y, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomas, P, Long, F, Loennroth, J, Looker, D, Lopez, J, Lotte, P, Loughlin, M, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukanitsa, A, Lungu, A, Lungu, C, Lyssoivan, A, Macheta, P, Mackenzie, A, Macrae, M, Maddaluno, G, Maddison, G, Madsen, J, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makowski, M, Manning, C, Mansfield, M, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marchitti, M, Mardenfeld, M, Marechal, J, Marinelli, M, Marinoni, A, Marinucci, M, Maerki, J, Marocco, D, Marren, C, Martin, D, Martin, G, Martin, Y, Martin Solis, J, Masaki, K, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Maszl, C, Matilal, A, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, May, C, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mazzucato, E, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormick, K, Mccullen, P, Mccune, D, Mcdonald, D, Mcgregor, R, Mckivitt, J, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Meigs, A, Menard, M, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Merrigan, I, Mertens, P, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Miano, G, Miele, M, Migliucci, P, Miller, A, Mills, S, Milnes, J, Min Kim, K, Mindham, T, Mirizzi, F, Mirones, E, Mironov, M, Mitteau, R, Mlynar, J, Mollard, P, Monakhov, I, Monier Garbet, P, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Moreau, D, Moreau, P, Moreira, L, Morgan, A, Morgan, P, Morlock, C, Moro, A, Morris, A, Mort, G, Mrozek, C, Mueck, A, Mueller, H, Murakami, M, Murari, A, Mustata, I, Nabais, F, Nardon, E, Nash, G, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nazikian, R, Nedzelski, I, Negus, C, Neilson, J, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neubauer, O, Newbert, G, Newman, M, Nicholls, K, Nicolai, A, Nicolas, L, Nieckchen, P, Nielsen, P, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nielson, G, Nieto, J, Nightingale, M, Noble, C, Nocente, M, Nora, M, Nordman, H, Norman, M, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunes, I, Ognissanto, F, O'Gorman, T, Olariu, S, Oleynikov, A, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Oswuigwe, O, Ottaviani, M, Oyama, N, Pacella, D, Paget, K, Palazzo, S, Pamela, J, Pamela, S, Panek, R, Pangione, L, Panin, A, Panis, T, Pankin, A, Pantea, A, Parail, V, Parisot, T, Parkin, A, Parsloe, A, Parsons, B, Pasqualotto, R, Pastor, P, Paterson, R, Paul, M, Peach, D, Pearce, R, Pearson, B, Pearson, I, Pedrick, L, Pedrosa, M, Pegourie, B, Pereira, R, Perelli Cippo, E, Pereverzev, G, Perevezentsev, A, Perez von Thun, C, Pericoli Ridolfini, V, Perona, A, Perrot, Y, Peruzzo, S, Peschanyy, S, Petravich, G, Petrizzi, L, Petrov, V, Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Piazza, G, Piccolo, F, Pietropaolo, A, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pinna, T, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Plaum, B, Plyusnin, V, Polasik, M, Poli, F, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, O, Poncet, L, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Porcelli, F, Porfiri, 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Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamak, Materials science, Tokamak, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Cyclotron, law.invention, Bootstrap current, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, divertor, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Jet (fluid), Safety factor, Divertor, 52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency field, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, Física, 52.55.Rk Power exhaust, JET, overview, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Computational physics, Physical sciences, ICR, ICP, helicons, ___, JET, Beta (plasma physics), Atomic physics, tokamaks
Abstract: Since the last IAEA conference, the scientific programme of JET has focused on the qualification of the integrated operating scenarios for ITER and on physics issues essential for the consolidation of design choices and the efficient exploitation of ITER. Particular attention has been given to the characterization of the edge plasma, pedestal energy and edge localized modes (ELMs), and their impact on plasma facing components (PFCs). Various ELM mitigation techniques have been assessed for all ITER operating scenarios using active methods such as resonant magnetic field perturbation, rapid variation of the radial field and pellet pacing. In particular, the amplitude and frequency of type I ELMs have been actively controlled over a wide parameter range (q(95) = 3-4.8, beta(N)
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40. A polarisation spectrometer locked diode laser for trapping cold atoms

Author: Jochen Arlt, Richard S. Conroy, Kishan Dholakia, M. A. Clifford, and G. P. T. Lancaster
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Rubidium, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Optics, chemistry, law, Laser cooling, Physics::Atomic Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Spectroscopy, Diode
Abstract: We have modelled and used polarisation spectroscopy to lock a very compact, high-performance extended cavity diode 85 X. laser system to the Rb F s 3t o Fs 4 transition. The laser has a linewidth of 135 kHz. Using this system we have trapped and cooled 1.5 = 10 8 Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Atoms remained continuously trapped in the MOT for

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