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ZnO-based catalysts have been intensively studied because of their extraordinary performance in lower olefin synthesis, methanol synthesis and water–gas shift reactions. However, how ZnO catalyzes these reactions are still not well understood. Herein, we investigate the activations of CO2, O2 and CO on single crystalline ZnO polar surfaces at room temperature, through in-situ near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS). It is revealed that O2 and CO2 can undergo chemisorption on ZnO polar surfaces at elevated pressures. On the ZnO ( 0001 ) surface, molecular CO2 (O2) can chemically interact with the top layer Zn atoms, leading to the formation of C O 2 δ - ( O 2 δ - ) or partially dissociative atomic oxygen ( O - ) and hence the electron depletion layer in ZnO. Therefore, an apparent upward band-bending in ZnO ( 0001 ) is observed under the CO2 and O2 exposure. On the ZnO ( 000 1 ¯ ) surface, the molecular chemisorbed CO2 (O2) mainly bond to the surface oxygen vacancies, which also results in an upward band-bending in ZnO ( 000 1 ¯ ). In contrast, no band-bending is observed for both ZnO polar surfaces upon CO exposure. The electron-acceptor nature of the surface bounded molecules/atoms is responsible for the reversible binding energy shift of Zn 2p3/2 and O 1s in ZnO. Our findings can shed light on the fundamental understandings of CO2 and O2 activation on ZnO surfaces, especially the role of ZnO in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.

Two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH)‐based floating gate devices show great potential for next‐generation nonvolatile and multilevel data storage memory. However, high program voltage induced substantial energy consumption, which is one of the primary concerns, hinders their applications in low‐energy‐consumption artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. In this study, we demonstrate a three‐terminal floating gate device based on the vdWH of tin disulfide (SnS2), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and few‐layer graphene. The large electron affinity of SnS2 facilitates a significant reduction in the program voltage of the device by lowering the hole‐injection barrier across h‐BN. Our floating gate device, as a nonvolatile multilevel electronic memory, exhibits large on/off current ratio (~105), good retention (over 104 s), and robust endurance (over 1000 cycles). Moreover, it can function as an artificial synapse to emulate basic synaptic functions. Further, low energy consumption down to ~7 picojoule (pJ) can be achieved owing to the small program voltage. High linearity (

Lithium-oxygen batteries with ultrahigh energy densities have drawn considerable attention as next-generation energy storage devices. However, their practical applications are challenged by sluggish reaction kinetics aimed at the formation/decomposition of discharge products on battery cathodes. Developing effective catalysts and understanding the fundamental catalytic mechanism are vital to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen batteries. Here, uniformly dispersed ruthenium nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide are prepared by using an

Understanding the interactions between metallic lithium (Li) and the anchoring sites/groups is essential for the design of stable host materials and artificial interphases in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we investigate the interactions of lithium with the polar organic functional groups in copper(II) hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) and copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) through the combination of in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structures (NEXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is revealed that the highly polar C-F bonds can anchor the Li atom via ionic Li-F interaction around the outer aza bridge N atoms in F16CuPc, while Li tends to interact with the inner pyrrolic N atoms around the central Cu in CuPc. The central Cu(II) ions in both molecules are reduced to Cu(I) upon interaction with Li. Electrons are transferred from Li to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of both F16CuPc and CuPc molecules, as revealed by the UPS and NEXAFS measurements. Our systematic study can shed light on the design of anode materials by adding polar functional groups for applications in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Ministry of Education (MOE) The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (U2032147), Singapore MOE Tier II grant R143-000-A29-112, and Academic Research Fund Tie I grant RG104/18.

Highlights Hard-carbon anode dominated with ultra-micropores ( The ultra-micropores dominated carbon anode displays an enhanced capacity, which originates from the extra sodium-ion storage sites of the designed ultra-micropores. The thick electrode (~ 19 mg cm−2) with a high areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm−2 displays an ultrahigh cycling stability and an outstanding low-temperature performance. Abstract Pore structure of hard carbon has a fundamental influence on the electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Ultra-micropores (+ but allow the entrance of naked Na+ into the pores, which can reduce the interficial contact between the electrolyte and the inner pores without sacrificing the fast diffusion kinetics. Herein, a molten diffusion–carbonization method is proposed to transform the micropores (> 1 nm) inside carbon into ultra-micropores (−1 at 30 mA g−1 with a high ICE value of ~ 80.6% and most of the capacity (~ 90%) is below 1 V. Moreover, the high-loading electrode (~ 19 mg cm−2) exhibits a good temperature endurance with a high areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm−2 at 25 °C and 5.32 mAh cm−2 at − 20 °C. Based on the in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance results, the designed ultra-micropores provide the extra Na+ storage sites, which mainly contributes to the enhanced capacity. This proposed strategy shows a good potential for the development of high-performance SIBs.

ZnO-based catalysts have been widely used in industrial reactions involving syngas conversions. Hydrogen dynamics on the surface of the catalyst is an essential process for understanding the mechan...

The degree of buckling of two-dimensional (2D) materials can have a dramatic impact on their corresponding electronic structures. Antimonene (β-phase), a new 2D material with air stability and promising electronic properties, has been engineered to adopt flat or two-heights-buckling geometries by employing different supporting substrates for epitaxial growth. However, studies of the antimonene monolayer with a more buckled configuration are still lacking. Here, we report the synthesis of an antimonene monolayer with a three-heights-buckling configuration overlaid on SbAg2 surface alloy-covered Ag(111) by molecular beam epitaxy, in which the underlying surface alloy provides interfacial interactions to modulate the structure of the antimonene monolayer. The atomic structure of the synthesized antimonene has been precisely identified through a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. The successful fabrication of a buckled antimonene monolayer could provide a promising way to modulate the structures of 2D materials for future electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become one of the fastest growing fields with broad applications due to the presence of various active sites (e.g., cavities, metal nodes, and organic linkers). Notably, an on-surface synthesis represents a facile method for the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) MOFs, where the substrate not only supports and dictates the symmetry of the surface nanostructures but also provides the metal atoms to form the metal nodes. However, the realization of on-surface synthesized 2D metal-inorganic porous networks is rarely explored, except for a recently reported gold-phosphorus network. Here, we integrate one more dimension into the growth process (activated gas phase atoms) and demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of ternary metal-inorganic gold-phosphorus-nitrogen porous networks on Au(111). The atomic structure is precisely identified through a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using the thermal energy from the heated Au(111) substrate, the phosphorus precursor can simultaneously grab gold atoms from the surface and nitrogen atoms from activated nitrogen gas to build up a long-range ordered 2D surface porous structure. Our study opens a completely new platform for the on-surface synthesis of tailored metal-inorganic frameworks.

Organic anode materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their high tunability by adopting various active functional groups. However, the interaction mechanisms between the alkali metals and the active functional groups in host materials have been rarely studied systematically. Here, a widely used organic semiconductor of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) was selected as a model system to investigate how alkali metals interact with imide functional groups and induce changes in chemical and electronic structures of PTCDI. The interaction at the alkali/PTCDI interface was probed by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results indicate that the alkali metal replaces the hydrogen atoms in the imide group and interact with the imide nitrogen of PTCDI. Electron transfer induced gap states and downward band-bending like effects are identified on the alkali-deposited PTCDI surface. It was found that Na shows a stronger electron transfer effect than Li. Such a model study of alkali insertion/intercalation in PTCDI gives insights for the exploration of the potential host materials for alkali storage applications.

Porous metal-organic frameworks have attracted tremendous research interests due to the presence of tunable porous structures and site-isolated catalytic units. However, bottom-up on-surface synthe...

Nitrogen fixation is a vital process for both nature and industry. Whereas the nitrogenase can reduce nitrogen in ambient environment in nature, the industrialized Haber-Bosch process is a high temperature and high-pressure process. Since the discovery of the first dinitrogen complex in 1965, many dinitrogen complexes are prepared in a homogeneous solution to mimic the nitrogenase enzyme in nature. However, studies of the heterogeneous process on surface are rarely addressed. Moreover, molecular scale characterization for such dinitrogen complex is lacking. Here, we present a simple model system to investigate, at the single-molecule level, the binding of dinitrogen on a surface confined iron phthalocyanine (FePc) monolayer through the combination of in-situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The iron center in FePc molecule deposited on Au(111) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface can adsorb dinitrogen molecule at room temperature and low pressure. A comparative study reveals that the adsorption behaviors of FePc on these two different substrates are identical. Chemical bond is formed between the dinitrogen and the Fe atom in the FePc molecule, which greatly modifies the electronic structure of FePc. The bonding is reversible and can be manipulated by applying bias using a STM tip or by thermal annealing.

Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has been intensively investigated for decades because of its unique electronic and optical properties and its applications in organic electronics and surface engineering and passivation of 2D materials. Recently, the high demand for achieving selective area deposition in device fabrications drives the research of utilizing organic molecules as a passivation layer on metals in the semiconductor industry. PTCDA molecules show promising potential to be used as a passivation layer on a metal surface because of their ability to form self-assembled compact lying-down layers with the well-exposed inert conjugated molecular π-plane. However, the thermal and chemical stabilities of monolayer PTCDA on metal surfaces have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we demonstrate that monolayer PTCDA on Cu(110) and Cu(111) surfaces exhibit good thermal and chemical stabilities, as revealed through the combination of

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely employed as the precursors to obtain functional carbon with tuneable composition and structure. However, the design of 2D carbon nanostructures directly from two-dimensional (2D) nonlayered MOFs is still very scarce, which is mainly hindered by the synthesis of 2D nonlayered MOFs. Herein, 2D nonlayered NH2-MIL-53 (Al) is synthesized via inorganic anion modulation for 2D S, N, O-rich hard carbon nanosheets (SNO-HCN) precursor. Due to the introduction of S-doping, more open edge sites generate, which accordingly promote the formation of pyridinic N and C=O carbonyl groups. When adopted as the anode for the sodium ion batteries, the SNO-HCN electrode delivers high reversible capacity of 522 mAh g−1 and 185 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 15000 mA g−1, respectively. The enlarged interlayer spacing, unique 2D structure, heteroatom-rich active sites, and high surface area lead to the improved electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) test indicates the superior electrochemical kinetics of the SNO-HCN electrode and the quantitative analysis reveals the capacitance contribution dominates during sodium-ion storage process. This represents an universal approach for the preparation of various 2D carbon nanomaterials derived from 2D nonlayered MOFs.

Superoxide (O2-) species play a crucial role in determining the charge kinetics for aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. However, the growth of O2--rich lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is challenging since O2- is thermodynamically unfavorable and unstable in an O2 atmosphere. Herein, we reported the synthesis of defective Li2O2 with tunable O2- via K+ doping. The K+ dopants can successfully stabilize O2- species and induce the coordination of Li+ with O2-, leading to increased Li vacancies. Compared to the pristine Li2O2, the as-prepared defective Li2O2 can be charged at a lower overpotential in Li-O2 batteries, which is ascribed to further increased Li vacancies contributed by the depotassiation process at the onset of the charge process. Our findings suggest a new strategy to better control O2- species in Li2O2 by K+ dopants and provide insights into the K+ effects on charge mechanism in Li-O2 batteries.

Practical applications of two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) are limited by its fast degradation under ambient conditions, for which many different mechanisms have been proposed; however, an atomic level understanding of the degradation process is still hindered by the absence of bottom-up methods for the growth of large-scale few-layer black phosphorus. Recent experimental success in the fabrication of single-layer blue phosphorus provides a model system to probe the oxidation mechanism of two-dimensional (2D) phosphorene down to single-layer thicknesses. Here, we report an atomic-scale investigation of the interaction between molecular oxygen and blue phosphorus. The atomic structure of blue phosphorus and the local binding sites of oxygen have been precisely identified using qPlus-based noncontact atomic force microscopy. A combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal a thermally reversible oxidation process of blue phosphorus in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Our study clearly demonstrates the essential role of oxygen in the initial oxidation process, and it sheds further light on the fundamental pathways of the degradation mechanism.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials , including metal-free (graphene, carbon nitride , and black phosphorus et al.) and transition metal-based materials (dichalcogenides, oxides, hydroxides, phosphides, and MXenes et al.), have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalysis due to their unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties. Specifically, 2D materials with ultra-thin thickness usually possess more vacancy-type defects and exposed edges than bulk materials, resulting in different electronic characteristics relative to those of bulk materials and leading to changes in the reactant absorption energy on catalysts. Introducing heteroatom dopants can further alter the charge distribution in 2D materials, thereby facilitating the formation of new defects and catalytic active-sites to improve the electrocatalytic performance. This review highlights recent defect chemistry advances and developments in 2D materials for electrocatalysis. We discuss various defects in 2D materials, such as edge defects, topological defects and vacancy defects so on, and the effects of defects on electrocatalytic performance. Defect engineering and rational design strategies for controlling defects on 2D materials will also be systematically discussed. Finally, various advanced characterization technologies to reveal different types of defects will be discussed.

Materials with flat bands are considered as ideal platforms to explore strongly correlated physics such as the fractional quantum hall effect, high-temperature superconductivity, and more. In theory, a Kagome lattice with only nearest-neighbor hopping can give rise to a flat band. However, the successful fabrication of Kagome lattices is still very limited. Here, we provide a new design principle to construct the Kagome lattice by trapping atoms into Kagome arrays of potential valleys, which can be realized on a potassium-decorated phosphorus-gold surface alloy. Theoretical calculations show that the flat band is less correlated with the neighboring trivial electronic bands, which can be further isolated and dominate around the Fermi energy with increased Kagome lattice parameters of potassium atoms. Our results provide a new strategy for constructing Kagome lattices, which serve as an ideal platform to study topological and more general flat band phenomena.

The growth of entirely synthetic two-dimensional (2D) materials could further expand the library of naturally occurring layered solids and provide opportunities to design materials with finely tunable properties. Among them, the synthesis of elemental 2D materials is of particular interest as they represent the chemically simplest case and serve as a model system for exploring the on-surface synthesis mechanism. Here, a pure atomically thin blue phosphorus (BlueP) monolayer is synthesized

Markedly minimizing the platinum (Pt) loading and increasing its mass activity are significant to drive down the cost of H2 production from water splitting. Herein, a novel electrocatalyst, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on Ni/nitrogen-doped graphene nanotubes (Pt/Ni@NGNTs), was designed and its exceptional catalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction was demonstrated. Ni@NGNTs itself showed poor catalytic activity. Unexpectedly, when employed as a support, it increased the mass activity of the Pt metal by 30.1 times in an acidic electrolyte and 15.3 times in an alkaline electrolyte relative to that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. Moreover, the durability of Pt/Ni@NGNTs reached up to 50 h. Impressively, Pt NPs preferentially distributed around the protective graphene shells of the enclosed metal Ni, due to the enriched electron density and structural defects induced by Ni and N dopants. The electronic interactions between Pt and Ni@NGNTs tuned the electronic properties and greatly boosted catalytic performances of the anchored Pt NPs. The present catalyst shows significant potential for the synthesis of low cost, high performance Pt-based catalysts.

A SPEEK/PW 11 V/rGO hybrid film was prepared by a simple method through sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), tungstovanadophosphoric acid (H 4 PW 11 VO 40 , abbreviated as PW 11 V) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in this work. The results indicate that the Keggin framework of PW 11 VO 40 4 − anion still remain in the hybrid film and confirm the homogeneous dispersion of PW 11 V on the surface of graphene sheet, which results in a better stability of PW 11 V. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that this film exhibits high proton conductivity of 2.22 × 10 − 2 S cm − 1 at 17 °C and 6.43 × 10 − 2 S cm − 1 at 65 °C (65% relative humidity). Its activation energy value for proton conduction is 18.9 kJ mol − 1 , suggesting that the conduction mechanism for this film is a mix of Vehicle mechanism and Grotthuss mechanism. It is an alternative film material which may be applied in the field of fuel cells.

Organic semiconductor-based electrode materials are promising candidates for energy storage devices due to their high capacity, excellent flexibility, low cost and resource sustainability. The alkali metal storage mechanisms on various active functional groups of the organic materials, however, are still not clear at the molecular scale. It is essential to conduct systematic mechanism studies for the alkali storage behaviors in organic electrode materials. Here, the chemical and electronic structure evolutions upon the deposition of lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) on a model organic semiconductor electrode material of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA), have been investigated by in-situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It reveals that Li/Na can react with the carbonyl oxygen and increase the electron density within the PTCDA perylene. Moreover, the band-bending like features are observed on PTCDA film upon Li/Na interaction. Our experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that reactions on carbonyl groups and charge redistribution are crucial for the Li/Na storage process, which shed light on comprehensive insights for the Li/Na storage behaviors on organic semiconductor-based electrode materials. Ministry of Education (MOE) Authors acknowledge the financial support from Singapore MOE grant R143-000-A29-112 and Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (RG104/ 18), as well as the computing resources from National Supercomputing Centre Singapore.

Lithium-rich layered oxides, xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2(M = Ni, Mn, Co), have been under intense investigation as high-performance cathode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their high discharge capacity, low cost and environmental benignity. Unfortunately, the commercialized application of these cathode materials have so far been hindered by their severe capacity and voltage fading during high voltage cycling (>4.5 V vs. Li/Li+). In an attempt to overcome these problems, herein, highly crystalline Al2O3 layer from the hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide are coated on 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 with controlling the growth of Al2O3 crystals. The coin cell with bare cathode material delivers a high discharge capacity over 268.2 mAh g−1 between 2.0 V and 4.8 V, while the Al2O3 coated cathode material shows the excellent cycling stability corresponding to 98% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C. More importantly, the highly crystalline Al2O3 coated cathode materials exhibit a significantly lower discharge voltage decay compared to the bare cathode materials, which could be ascribed to the suppression of the layered-to-spinel transformation by compact and highly crystalline Al2O3 layer. The results here will shed light on developing cathode materials with special structures and superior electrochemical properties for high-performance lithium ion batteries.

We present a method to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces on copper substrate using reciprocating type high speed wire cut electrical discharge machining (HS-WEDM) and self-assembly technology. Herein, single factor experiment was used to investigate the influence of several major parameters of the wire electrical discharge machining processing, such as pulse width, pulse gap (pulse interval) and power tube, on the contact angle of resulting surface. Results show that a composite structure, composed of craters and projections, is fabricated on the copper surface, which is the key reason of superhydrophobicity. With the change of pulse width, pulse interval, and the number of the power tube, the hydrophobic properties of resulting copper surface was changed. This paper provided the theoretical support for industrialized fabrications of super-hydrophobic brass surface.

Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has received great attention due to its anisotropic mechanical, optical and electronic properties. However, the air-instability of BP seriously limits its further applications. Various approaches have been explored to improve the device stability of BP, including the encapsulation by inert 2D counterparts, and surface passivation by AlOx via atomic layer deposition and by organic layers either van der Waals stacked or covalently bonded onto the surface. Here we systematically investigate the surface passivation effect of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on BP through a variety of in-situ characterization techniques. PTCDA molecule on BP adopts a lying down configuration with the molecular π-plane almost parallel to the BP surface, arising from the formation of multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The evaporation of PTCDA on BP does not modify the intrinsic structure and electrical transport property of BP, as revealed by in-situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS)/x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and further corroborated by in-situ field-effect-transistor (FET) evaluation. After the air-exposure of PTCDA covered BP in dark, no obvious degradation on BP was observed by XPS. However, the electron mobility of the passivated BP FET significantly decreased by 80% after 20 h exposure despite lifetime of the passivated device was prolonged.

A biofilm based method was used to measure the biological regrowth potential of water by a biofilm annular reactor. The tested water was taken from the city distribution system at the lower reaches of Yellow River. Bacterial growth data, including biofilm and suspended bacteria in water, were collected during the month-long study and compared with turbidity and the traditional biodegradable organic material measuring method, namely, assimilable organic carbon (AOC) method. The change trends of biofilm biomass, heterotrophic plate counting of suspended bacteria (HPCs), turbidity and AOC were discussed and the correlation between these indicators were analyzed in this study. Results of this study indicated that comprehensively quantitative biostability factors should take into account both biodegradable organic material and biofilm formation capability of tested water.

We achieve a successful novel lift-off of patterning Pt/Ti electrodes on SiO2/Si substrates by employing ZnO sacrificial layer deposition and patterning, successive uniform Pt/Ti deposition and final lift-off. Then we deposit PZT thin films on the electrodes. Compared with the conventional lift-off processes for the electrodes, this novel process does not need post-annealing, which must be performed after conventional lift-off process. It is demonstrated that the electrodes patterned by the novel lift-off process have stronger adhesion. The electrodes and the PZT films on the electrodes are more compact and smoother than those by the conventional lift-off process.

The cloud lidar, with the character of high precision and good stability, is an effective way to detect the cloud height. Pulse diode laser (PLD), as an essential part of the lidar system, needs the triggering pulse. In this paper, the emitting part of the lidar is studied，including the simulation of the backscatter SNR, the choose of the PLD and the design of trigging circuit to drive the 905nm PLD with the consideration of the optical system. A circuit for trigging the laser pulse with adjustable power and pulse width is contrived. Then the software Systemview is used to emulate the design and finally the making of PCB is finished. The results show whatever the parameters of the pulse, namely trigging pulse width, the rising edge, dithering , all these can be qualified to be in use in the practice and enjoys the merits of the low cost and convenience. The emitting module operates well.

In order to study the relation between martensitic transformation temperature range ΔT (where ΔT is the difference between martensitic transformation start and finish temperature) and lattice distortion ratio (c/a) of martensitic transformation, a series of Ni46Mn28−xGa22Co4Cux (x = 2–5) Heusler alloys is prepared by arc melting method. The vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) experiment results show that ΔT increases when x > 4 and decreases when x < 4 with x increasing, and the minimal ΔT (about 1 K) is found at x = 4. Ambient X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that ΔT is proportional to c/a for non-modulated Ni46Mn28−xGa22Co4Cux (x = 2–5) martensites. The relation between ΔT and c/a is in agreement with the analysis result obtained from crystal lattice mismatch model. About 1000-ppm strain is found for the sample at x = 4 when heating temperature increases from 323 K to 324 K. These properties, which allow a modulation of ΔT and temperature-induced strain during martensitic transformation, suggest Ni46Mn24Ga22Co4Cu4 can be a promising actuator and sensor.