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Finding the optimum conductor's pattern for unequally spaced grounding grids can be achieved by using empirical formulas or optimization techniques. Empirical formulas give an approximate solution depending on human experience and never cover the entire search space. On the other hand, the optimization techniques generally require a significant effort and time. To overcome the previous issues, this paper presents a closed-form solution based on optimized results. The main motivation behind this formula is the comprehensive study carried out by the authors to find optimum location of grounding grid conductors over different areas. In that work, particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) has been adapted with combined integration matrix method (CIMM) to facilitate the study. In this paper, the results obtained previously were summarized in the proposed formula. The proposed formula gives the optimum design of unequally grounding grids by specifying the conductor's locations as percentage of the side length for square and rectangular shapes. As long as the side length and the number of conductors are given, the location of each conductor as a percentage of the side length can be obtained. The effect of adding driven rods and the stratified soil conditions on the results of the optimized design were investigated. The validity of the proposed closed-form solution was verified experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new damage detection and localization technique based on the changes in vibration parameters using BAT and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The finite element method is used to apply damage at specific element(s) of the considered beams. The damage is represented by a reduction in Young's modulus and the identification of damage is formulated as an optimization problem using objective function based on Modal Scale Factor and changes in natural frequencies. A procedure for detecting and locating damage of beam-like structures based on BAT algorithm is used. This approach presents a method that can be used to detect the single and multiple-damage positions and the rate of damage in structural elements with high accuracy after the first iteration. The results obtained using BAT algorithm are compared to those obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. By taking noise into account in the damage detection and localization problem, it is shown that our approach based on BAT algorithm can detect the damage locations with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The underwater acoustic sensor network is a fundamental source for ocean exploration. The potential applications of underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) include seismic imaging, disaster prevention, mine reconnaissance, pollution monitoring, exploration of natural resources, and military surveillance. To acquire accurate results, implementing all applications of underwater sensor networks requires an adequate network connection and communication technology. The precise placement of underwater sensor nodes needs to be identified in order to achieve effective communication. To accomplish the requirement, the paper presents an efficient localization algorithm to compensate the stratification effect based on an improved underwater salp swarm optimization technique (LAS‐IUSSOT). To compute the location of sensor nodes with high accuracy, the nodes are initially randomly deployed in three‐dimensional underwater acoustic sensor network (3D‐UASN). After that, the hybridization of centroid‐based localization and the ray theory technique is used, and then, the degree of coplanarity is analyzed among the underwater sensor nodes. Then, the computation of the location of unknown nodes is performed using improved underwater salp swarm optimization technique (IUSSOT) to obtain the optimized location and compensate the impact of the stratification. The comparison of the simulation results of the existing algorithm and the proposed algorithm is performed. The LAS‐IUSSOT achieves 40.46% and 28.00% accuracy in terms of localization of underwater sensor nodes for both the sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN. The LAS‐IUSSOT achieves 49.39% and 62.57% accuracy in terms of ranging of underwater sensor nodes for both the sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithm in terms of localization and ranging accuracy in both sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN, root mean square error (RMSE), normalized localization error (NLE), computation time, and convergence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a powerful performance optimization approach for load frequency control in the off-grid mode of a delayed fuel cell microgrid with PI controller. The new approach based on stability boundary locus is used. Thanks to this, the search is only carried out in PI control parameter space keeping stable the system in the proposed optimization. The superiority of the proposed approach in terms of iteration history, fitness values, and time responses of the system is presented by comparing the results obtained. According to the results obtained, the proposed approach reaches the global minimum in a very short number of iterations and achieves this by both guaranteeing the stability of the system and providing the desired time response performances compared to the other method. • The stability of a delayed fuel cell microgrid system is a very important issue, especially in off grid mode. • A delayed fuel cell microgrid system should provide the desired quality of energy to the load. • The optimization approach provides the desired quality of energy to the load ensuring the stability of the microgrid. • Proposed optimization approach has great advantages in terms of iteration history and fitness value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently being substantially integrated into the power grid because of the recent liberalization of the energy market and associated benefits to both the environment and the economy. A significant amount of renewable energy sources are stochastic and weather dependent, being integrated into the power system that causes a mismatch between the generation of power and the load demand, which creates major issues like variations in frequency and power transmission between the regions. So it is necessary to maintain the frequency and tie-line power variations within a defined range. This is known as automatic generation control (AGC) or load frequency control (LFC). This paper uses brown bear optimization algorithm (BOA) to tune the PID and cascaded PI-PDN controllers for LFC of the renewable integrated two-area power system. The ITAE objective function is utilized to obtain optimal gains of the PID controller. The performance of LFC with BOA-tuned PID controller is compared with other optimization techniques named grey wolf optimization technique (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) on a RES integrated two-area power system under various scenarios. Further, the effectiveness of the BOA is verified by comparing performance of the PID and cascaded PI-PDN controllers. According to simulation results, BOA offers superior performance in comparison with the GWO and PSO technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces an asymmetric V-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (AVIPMSM) by modifying the conventional flux barrier of a V-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (VIPMSM) including optimization-based finite element analysis (FEA). Nowadays usage of VIPMSM is increasing where higher torque density with high efficiency by decreasing the torque ripple factor is required. To improve these properties, flux barriers are modified in VIPMSM by applying optimization methods. For each pole of VIPMSM, modification has been depleted based on symmetric and asymmetric barriers. It introduces the magnetic field shifting effect in the motor. After deciding the flux barrier in the rotor, an optimized method is applied for achieving the proper dimensions of each barrier to estimate the maximum torque and other performances of the motor. Here, a 24/4 pole VIPMSM is considered for design and analysis. ANSYS Maxwell platform is chosen for performance analysis of motor. In addition to using the inbuilt minimum function optimization techniques of ANSYS, genetic algorithm (GA)/particle swarm optimization (PSO) in MATLAB is applied in the proposal to optimize the flux barriers of the motor. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, FEA is adopted by taking into account optimized parameters. The paper also investigates the effect of flux barriers on loss factors to improve the motor efficiency. A comparative study with the benchmark VIPMSM is presented to validate the designed AVIPMSM using optimization and its results are reported. Eventually, the FEA result proves that PSO optimized model is more appropriate for the case understudies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an improved arithmetic optimization algorithm that incorporates hybrid elite pool strategies to address the limitations of the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). In AOA, the linear mathematical optimization acceleration (MOA) function cannot balance global exploitation and local exploration well. Therefore, the accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm cannot be guaranteed. To improve the performance of AOA, this paper reconstructed a nonlinear MOA function, which is expected to balance the exploitation and the exploration of AOA. Furthermore, four hybrid elite pool strategies are integrated to enhance the ability to escape local optima. The proposed algorithm inherits the fast convergence of AOA and develops the performance of escaping local optima. Numerical experiment results on benchmark functions and engineering problems show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other compared meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-modal search space can be defined as having multiple attraction basins - each basin has a single local optimum which is reached from all points in that basin when greedy local search is used. Optimization in multi-modal search spaces can then be viewed as a two-phase process. The first phase is exploration in which the most promising attraction basin is identified. The second phase is exploitation in which the best solution (i.e. the local optimum) within the previously identified attraction basin is attained. The goal of thresheld convergence is to improve the performance of search techniques during the first phase of exploration. The effectiveness of thresheld convergence has been demonstrated through applications to existing metaheuristics such as particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, and through the development of novel metaheuristics such as minimum population search and leaders and followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the implementation and analysis of PID controllers in an automated voltage regulator (AVR) system. A novel tuning technique, Virtual Time response-based iterative gain evaluation and re-design (V-Tiger), is introduced to iteratively adjust PID gains for optimal control performance. The study begins with the development of a mathematical model for the AVR system and initialization of PID gains using the Pessen Integral Rule. Virtual time-response analysis is then conducted to evaluate system performance, followed by iterative gain adjustments using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) within the V-Tiger framework. MATLAB simulations are employed to implement various controllers, including the V-Tiger PID controller, and their performance is compared in terms of transient response, stability, and control signal generation. Robustness analysis is conducted to assess the system's stability under uncertainties, and worst-case gain analysis is performed to quantify robustness. The transient response of the AVR with the proposed PID controller is compared with other heuristic controllers such as the Flower Pollination Algorithm, Teaching–Learning-based Optimization, Pessen Integral Rule, and Zeigler-Nichols methods. By measuring the peak closed-loop gain of the AVR with the controller and adding uncertainty to the AVR's field exciter and amplifier, the robustness of proposed controller is determined. Plotting the performance degradation curves yields robust stability margins and the accompanying maximum uncertainty that the AVR can withstand without compromising its stability or performance. Based on the degradation curves, robust stability margin of the V-Tiger PID controller is estimated at 3.5. The worst-case peak gains are also estimated using the performance degradation curves. Future research directions include exploring novel optimization techniques for further enhancing control performance in various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since cloud computing has an abundance of users, the system has to execute a wide range of tasks. Task scheduler methods that are both robust and efficient while delivering the best outcomes are required. The task volume and runtime in the cloud vary rapidly, making task assessment and resource mapping difficult. Security issues, communication delays, and data loss are substantial barriers to scheduling. Furthermore, optimization techniques can be utilized to reduce load and assign tasks so that the user can finish tasks faster. This paper offers a hybrid job scheduling technique for cloud computing using adaptive particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization particle swarm optimization-ant colony optimization (adaptive PSO-ACO). After rapidly finding the initial solution via particle swarm optimization, the ant colony optimization approach establishes its first pheromone distribution. The suggested hybrid algorithm is compared to standalone PSO and ACO algorithms. Compared to ACO, the percentage decrease is 7.9%. Hybrid method has the lowest total cost, 55% less compared to PSO. Tasks vary when virtual machines (VMs) are constant and VMs vary when tasks are constant. Parameters like final cost, makespan, fitness value, computation time and weighted time are assessed to evaluate the performance of the hybrid task scheduling algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multistrategy fusion particle swarm optimization model for dynamic economic dispatching of renewable energy in distribution networks. The objective is to minimize active network losses and system voltage deviation while considering the integration of distributed energy sources and static reactive power compensators. The algorithm incorporates specific strategies, including a particle position change strategy based on the midpipeline convergence approach, a strategy for generating exploding particles near the optimal particles, and a particle velocity update strategy relying on the global optimal particle position. The inertia weights and particle position update methods of the simplified particle swarm optimization algorithm are also utilized. Simulation experiments are conducted on an IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system, demonstrating the effective optimization of system losses while ensuring system voltage stability. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of renewable energy integration in distribution networks and its economic dispatching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology in radio transceiver systems has increased in recent years due to high-speed data transmission, low power dissipation, low cost, and low complexity. In particular, distributed amplifier (DA) is a critical component of transceiver in UWB technology. However, designing an ultra-wideband DA with high performance becomes challenging. The DA design suffers from the tight trade-offs between the amplifier parameters such as gain, noise, linearity, input/output impedance matching, and power dissipation. In this paper, a new approach for multi-objective optimization of the DA is introduced. In the proposed approach, the meta-heuristic optimization techniques are applied over the entire bandwidth of the UWB, while the most recent optimization approaches for amplifiers are performed at the center frequency and they can't achieve the proper design specifications for wideband amplifiers. The simultaneous optimization of power gain (S21), noise figure (NF), input and output return loss (S11 and S22) are conducted over the wide bandwidth using three multi-objective optimization algorithms including Multi-Objective Inclined Planes System Optimization (MOIPO), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). The obtained results demonstrate the tapered matrix DA optimized by MOIPO exhibits better performance than others. The circuit simulations are performed in 0.18 µm TSMC RF-CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the optimized tapered matrix DA by MOIPO, compared to NSGA-II and MOPSO, exhibits a good performance over the frequency band of 0.1–28 GHz with maximum S21 of 12.9 dB, NF less than 5.9 dB, S11 and S22 below than − 10 dB over the whole frequency band. The DC power dissipation is 25 mW from a 1.5 V supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for storing various types of goods has led to a raise in the need for storage capacity in warehousing systems. Autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems (AVS/RSs) offer high flexibility by allowing different configurations to meet different storage requirements. The system mainly completes operations through elevators and multiple rail-guided vehicles (RGVs). This paper focuses on the scheduling optimization of compound operations in the AVS/RS to improve system performance. Compound operations involve the coordinated execution of both single-command and double-command operations. A mathematical model with compound operations was proposed and effectively decomposed into a horizontal component for RGVs and a vertical counterpart for the elevator, which can represent the operations of one elevator cooperating with multiple RGVs. The goal of this model was to minimize the makespan for compound operations and to determine the optimal operation sequence and path for RGVs. An improved discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm called AGDPSO was proposed to solve the model. The algorithm combines DPSO and a genetic algorithm in an adaptive manner to prevent the algorithm from falling into local optima and relying solely on the initial solution. Through rigorous optimization, optimal parameters for the algorithm were identified. When assessing the performance of our improved algorithm against various counterparts, considering different task durations and racking configurations, our results showed that AGDPSO outperformed the alternatives, proving its effectiveness in enhancing system efficiency for the model. The findings of this study not only contribute to the optimization of AVS/RS but also offer valuable insights for designing more efficient warehouses. By streamlining scheduling, improving operations, and leveraging advanced optimization techniques, we can create a more robust and effective storage and retrieval system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the scenario of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic connected to an AC/DC distribution network, this paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics of frequency and voltage in a distribution network after the blocking failure of the flexible interconnection channel. In order to enhance the transient stability of the system after the fault, this paper comprehensively considers the active regulation ability of photovoltaic units, and puts forward an emergency coordinated control strategy for a single-ended distribution network with flexible interconnection channel blocking. Firstly, the non-fault channel is overloaded for a short time, then the comprehensive influence of factors such as electrical distance, response time and adjustment cost on the frequency modulation effect of the system is quantitatively evaluated; according to the evaluation results, the photovoltaic and synchronous units are controlled by "control instead of tripping", and finally, the high-frequency tripping is carried out, based on the principle of "photovoltaics first". After the frequency control is completed, the reactive power optimization model of the system is established, and the improved tabu–particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve it, so as to optimize the voltage of the distribution network nodes. Finally, an equivalent simulation model is established to verify the coordinated control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of tracking a high-speed ballistic target in real time. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be a solution to overcome the motion of the ballistic target and the nonlinearity of the measurement model. However, in general, particle swarm optimization requires a great deal of computation time, so it is difficult to apply to realtime systems. In this paper, we propose a parallelized particle swarm optimization technique using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to be accelerated for realtime ballistic target tracking. The realtime performance of the proposed method has been tested and analyzed on a well-known heterogeneous processing system with a field-programmable gate array. The proposed parallelized particle swarm optimization was successfully conducted on the heterogeneous processing system and produced similar tracking results. Also, compared to conventional particle swarm optimization, which is based on the only central processing unit, the computation time is significantly reduced by up to 3.89×. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In improving PV system performance, the parameters associated with electrical photovoltaic equivalent models play a pivotal role. However, due to the increased mathematical complexities and non-linear traits of PV cells, the precise prediction of these parameters is a challenging task. To estimate the parameters associated with PV models, a reliable, robust, and accurate optimization technique is needed. This paper introduces a new algorithm, Rat Swarm Optimizer (RSO), for obtaining the optimum PV cell and module parameters. The proposed method maintains an adequate balance between the exploration and exploitation phases to overcome premature particle issues. The results obtained using RSO are compared with those of other algorithms, i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), and Grasshopper Optimization (GOA), in this work. The modified one-diode model (MODM) and modified two-diode model (MTDM) are used to analyze the parameters of the mono-crystalline PV cell using the suggested RSO. The obtained findings imply that the parameters estimated by the suggested RSO are more accurate than those calculated by the other algorithms taken into consideration in the paper. The statistical results are compared, and it is clear that RSO is a very accurate, fast, and dependable approach for the parameter estimation of PV cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a special issue of the journal Axioms titled "Optimisation Models and Applications." It explores the use of optimization models in various fields such as engineering, economics, health, and more. The issue includes several research papers that address different optimization problems and propose solutions using various algorithms and techniques. The papers cover topics such as control systems, traffic networks, image communication, sit-to-stand motion, and more. The authors of the papers have contributed equally to the writing, editing, and reviewing process. The document concludes with acknowledgments to the authors, reviewers, and editorial board, and declares no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents a novel approach to designing a CMOS inverter using the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MA). The MA is utilized in this paper to obtain symmetrical switching of the inverter, which is crucial in many digital electronic circuits. The MA method is found to have a fast convergence rate compared to other optimization methods, such as the Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Differential Evolution (DE). A total of eight different sets of design parameters and criteria were analyzed in Case I, and the results confirmed compatibility between the MA and Spice techniques. The maximum discrepancy in fall time across all design sets was found to be 2.075711 ns. In Case II, the objective was to create a symmetrical inverter with identical fall and rise times. The difference in fall and rise times was minimized based on Spice simulations, with the maximum difference measuring 0.9784731 ns. In Case III, the CMOS inverter was designed to achieve symmetrical fall and rise times as well as propagation delays. The Spice simulation results demonstrated that symmetry had been successfully achieved, with the minimum difference measuring 0.312893 ns and the maximum difference measuring 1.076540 ns. These Spice simulation results are consistent with the MA results. The results conclude that the MA is a reliable and simple optimization technique and can be used in similar electronic topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the design of a dual-loop control system for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An improved linear extended state observer (LESO) with excellent estimation capability is employed to develop an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) suitable for PMSM speed regulation, achieving outstanding disturbance suppression in PMSM speed control. The use of an internal model control scheme to initialize the parameters of the proportional-integral- (PI-) based current controller simplifies the search space of the control system parameter optimization. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the controller parameters, thereby enhancing the overall system performance. Finally, through a series of simulations and experiments, we validate that our proposed controller exhibits superior performance compared to some other control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of geographical and property rights information are contained in 3D cadastral property units, although the amount of cadastral information expressed from various perspectives varies. Therefore, it is crucial to choose a perspective that is compatible with human visual perception and conveys the most data as the perspective changes. This paper proposes an optimization method for generating the optimal view of 3D cadastral property units to address the above issues. The construction of candidate perspectives is the first step, followed by the calculation of feature values, including visibility of 3D boundary points under each candidate perspective, visible area ratio, and visual comfort. Then, an improved particle swarm optimization technique is used to determine the optimal view of 3D cadastral property units and the ideal viewpoint for the expected input model. The research results show that the selected optimal viewpoint fully considers human visual comfort, can accommodate a large amount of cadastral information, and can be used as a mapping drawing in social applications of 3D cadastral systems. This viewpoint can effectively supplement front views, side views, and axis side views, enabling more visual information to be transmitted in 3D religion maps and 3D property right maps and improving readability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present an improvement to the power quality of the grid by using a colliding body optimization (CBO) based proportional-integral (PI) compensated design for a grid-connected solar photovoltaic-fed brushless DC motor (BLDC)-driven water pumping system with a bidirectional power flow control. The system with bidirectional power flow allows driving the pump at full proportions uninterruptedly irrespective of the weather conditions and feeding a grid when water pumping is not required. Design/methodology/approach: Here, power quality issue is taken care of by the optimal generation of the duty cycle of the voltage source converter. The duty cycle is optimally generated by optimal selection of the gains of the current controller (i.e. PI), with the CBO technique resulting in a nearly unity power factor as well as lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current. In the CBO technique, the gains of the PI controller are considered as agents and collide with each other to obtain the best value. The system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and validated in real time with OPAL RT simulator, OP5700. Findings: It was found that the power quality of grid using the CBO technique has improved much better than the particle swarm optimization and Zeigler–Nichols approach. The bidirectional flow of control of VSC allowed for optimum resource utilization and full capacity of water pumping whatever may be weather conditions. Originality/value: Improved power quality of grid by optimally generation of the duty cycle for the proposed system. A unit vector tamplate generation technique is used for bidirectional power transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many service systems, the service rates of the servers or the machines degrade over time due to a variety of reasons like fatigue, deficiency (due to manufacturing defect or energy loss, deformation, or excessive heat), and lack of proper maintenance. To make a service system beneficial for both customers and management points of view, it is imperative that models are developed to understand the impact of degradation. In this paper, we study M A P / P H / 1 - type queueing models incorporating degradation, failures/breakdowns and repairs. The degradation and to restore to normalcy in the service rate we look at two scenarios. In the first one, the service is restored to normalcy immediately after the server becomes idle or a fixed number of services is offered. In the second one, the restoration takes a random time that is modeled using a phase type distribution. Also, there are a variety of reasons that lead to failures/breakdowns of the server. We model these using (possibly) different phase type distributions. Both the models are studied analytically using matrix-analytic methods and illustrative numerical examples bringing out the qualitative behavior of the impact of degrading services are discussed. Two cost optimization problems whose solutions are obtained using particle swarm optimization technique along with a few illustrative examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative study that explores the performance of various meta-heuristics employed for Optimal Signal Design, specifically focusing on estimating parameters in nonlinear systems. The study introduces the Robust Sub-Optimal Excitation Signal Generation and Optimal Parameter Estimation (rSOESGOPE) methodology, which is originally derived from the well-known Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Through a real-life case study involving an Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) equipped with three Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) and an aerial holonomic propulsion system, the effectiveness of different meta-heuristics is thoroughly evaluated. By conducting an in-depth analysis and comparison of the obtained results from the diverse meta-heuristics, this study offers valuable insights for selecting the most suitable optimization technique for parameter estimation in nonlinear systems. Researchers and experimental tests in the field can benefit from the comprehensive examination of these techniques, aiding them in making informed decisions about the optimal approach for optimizing parameter estimation in nonlinear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For distribution networks with fuzzy network structure or large scale, traditional reliability assessment is limited by data collection and lack of data samples. Compared with traditional methods, the distribution network reliability prediction method can use fewer data to calculate and obtain reliability results, and its operation is simpler and more practical. In this paper, a distribution network original parameters and reliability prediction method based on wavelet neural network (WNN) and quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO) is proposed. Firstly, given the blindness of mother wavelet selection, this paper analyses the error and running time through example analysis and selects the most suitable mother wavelet for distribution network reliability prediction. According to the characteristics of premature convergence of QPSO, the evolutionary speed factor and aggregation factor are introduced to modify the scaling factor to control the convergence of the algorithm. The improved QPSO is used to optimize the initial values and thresholds of the WNN. It can reduce their influence on the prediction results. Finally, the analysis results of different examples show that the method has higher forecast accuracy, better generalization ability, and stability. This method also provides new scientific ideas for the reliability prediction of distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lock valve plays an important role during normal shift and power failure in heavy-dutyautomatic transmissions. A new kind of lock valve was designed in this paper, and the main purpose of this paper is to improve the working performance of the lock valve. Firstly, the AMESim simulation model of the lock valve was built based on the analysis of the working circuit of the lock valve, and the influence of several design parameters on the lock valve working performance were analysed, which provided a reliable theoretical basis for the subsequent optimisation research. Additionally, thecomplete second-orderresponse surface model between design parameters and output oil pressure response time and control oil pressure fluctuation is established based on ISE and ITAE criteria. Finally, the particle swarm optimisation(PSO) algorithm and Box-Behnkenresponse surface methodology were applied to the optimisation of the mathematical model. The optimisation results have shown that the two optimisation methods can significantly improve the output oil pressure response speed of the lock valve, but the optimisation results of Box-Behnkenresponse surface methodology are more stable than the PSO algorithm in the control oil pressure, and the growth fluctuation is smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the meta-heuristic algorithm solves the joint resource allocation problem of multi-beam satellites, the computational complexity increases and the algorithm is difficult to converge due to the time delay constraint and capacity constraint. This paper introduced a penalty mechanism in the objective function, and added a penalty value to the objective function of the invalid solution, so that the optimized solution adaptively satisfied these two constraints. Based on this, this paper proposed a joint resource allocation algorithm based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. Simulation results show that the introduction of the penalty strategy solves the problem of difficulty in handling the delay constraint and capacity constraint when applying the meta-heuristic algorithm. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm with penalty mechanism outperforms the existing joint allocation algorithm in terms of allocation fairness index and total system capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional logistics delivery route optimization algorithm has some problems such as long time to find the optimal route. Based on this, this paper discusses swarm intelligence optimization algorithm and logistics delivery route optimization. To solve the logistics vehicle routing problem, considering that the basic ACO (ant colony optimization) has the disadvantages of slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimum, this paper proposes a new hybrid population optimization algorithm and applies it to VRPTW (vehicle routing problem with time windows). In addition, the concept of crowding degree in AFSA (artificial fish swarm algorithm) is introduced into ACO. In the early stage of the optimization process, a strong crowding degree limit is set to ensure that most ants are not affected by pheromone concentration to conduct random optimization. The simulation results show that the AC (accuracy rate) of this algorithm is 95.08%, which is higher than the traditional PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm and general heuristic algorithm. The hybrid algorithm can effectively improve the optimization efficiency of VRPTW, lay a foundation for solving large-scale VRPTW, and provide new research ideas and methods. At the same time, the results fully show that the algorithm in this paper has certain advantages in performance, and it can be applied to logistics delivery route optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image contrast enhancement uses the object intensity transformation function to maximize the amount of information to enhance an image. In this paper, the image enhancement problem is regarded as an optimization problem, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to obtain the optimal solution. First, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, individual optimization, local optimization, and global optimization are used to adjust the particle's flight direction. In local optimization, the topology is used to induce comparison and communication between particles. The sparse penalty term in speed update formula is added to adjust the sparsity of the algorithm and the size of the solution space. Second, the three channels of the color images R, G, and B are represented by a quaternion matrix, and an improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the transformation parameters. Finally, contrast and brightness elements are added to the fitness function. The fitness function is used to guide the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters in the transformation function. This paper verifies via two experiments. First, improved particle swarm algorithm is simulated and tested. By comparing the average values of the four algorithms under the three types of 6 test functions, the average value is increased by at least 15 times in the single-peak 2 test functions: in the multi-peak and multi-peak fixed-dimension 4 test functions, this paper can always search for the global optimal solution, and the average value is either the same or at least 1.3 times higher. Second, the proposed algorithm is compared with other evolutionary algorithms to optimize contrast enhancement, select images in two different data sets, and calculate various evaluation indicators of different algorithms under different images. The optimal value is the algorithm in this paper, and the performance indicators are at least a 5% increase and a minimum 15% increase in algorithm running time. Final results show that the effects the proposed algorithm have obvious advantages in both subjective and qualitative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the execution of a reliable, steady and wideband fractional order digital integrator (FODI) in respect of infinite impulse response (IIR) filter using a recent nature inspired meta-heuristic optimization technique known as mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA). MOA significantly functions stronger against some of the popular algorithms like real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and chaotic oppositional whale optimization algorithm (COWOA) with reference to different magnitude error performances, explanation character accuracy, convergence profile and computational time required to find the optimal solution. In this paper, the authors thoroughly analyze the convergence behavior and magnitude error metrices of the different order FODI's using WOA, COWOA and MOA. MATLAB simulation results also powerfully uphold the magnitude response efficiency and stability of the proposed different order FODI's over some recently published research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at solving the problems that the existing anti-screening watermarking algorithms cannot take into account the robustness, invisibility and watermark capacity, this paper propose a robust blind watermarking algorithm based on randomly distributed circular templates. Firstly, convert the hexadecimal watermark sequence into a fixed angle value, and then generate a series of circular templates with angle information according to the random line distribution algorithm, Secondly, separate the original host image according to the three primary color channels and take out the blue component. Thirdly, perform integer wavelet transform on blue component and take out low frequency sub-band (LL). Fourthly, divide the LL into blocks and select several watermark embedding blocks with a selected key. Finally, embed the circular templates in the selected blocks. In addition, in order to increase the watermark capacity, choose the hexadecimal watermark password to replace the QR code or barcode; in order to improve the invisibility of the watermark, embed the watermark templates in the low frequency sub-band of the integer wavelet transform; in order to balance the transparency and robustness of the watermark, using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to obtain the optimal embedding strength adaptively; in order to solve the image distortion caused by shooting, perform geometric correction on the captured image before watermark extraction. Select images on the data set USC-SIPI to implement experiments related to common attacks and screen capture attacks, and this paper compared the proposed algorithm with other six algorithms with this image data set. The experimental results show that the algorithm can not only ensure the invisibility of watermark but also resist various types of common attacks. And within a certain range of shooting distance and shooting angle, the algorithm can effectively extract the watermark password, it also improves the watermark capacity and has good robustness against screen shots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the local mining and global search ability of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm ( QPSO), this paper proposed an improved QPSO algorithm( DSQPSO). DSQPSO algorithm introduced the double strategies co-evolution to adjust the particle position update formula. Firstly, in order to fully reflect the advantage of individual exploration and the characteristic of collective guidance, this paper put forward two kinds of ideas of attraction points to achieve better integration of individuals and the swarm as well as information exchange. Secondly, it redefined the search scope of the particle through considering the relationship between the optimal average position and the global optimum and individual's historical optimum respectively. Moreover, in the iterative process, DSQPSO used the random perturbation mechanism to adjust the global optimal position in order to help the diversity of the swarm to be preserved. Based on 18 test functions, this paper compared DSQPSO with PSO, QPSO, RQPSO and LQPSO in convergence accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, in terms of the optimization results, it compared the improved algorithm with eight intelligent algorithms on two practical engineering optimization problems. Experiments indicate that whether in benchmarking or in engineering application, DSQPSO has obvious advantages in calculation precision and convergence effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed and implemented an optimized PID controller for an adaptive cruise control system in this paper. The mathematical model for a cruise control system has been developed, and it is observed that it is a nonlinear first-order model with dead time. The objective functions chosen for optimizing the PID controller are ITE, ITAE and ITSE. The design of the optimized PID controller is based on the particle swarm optimization technique and teacher learning-based optimization technique. The results are scientifically compared with the conventionally tuned PID and fuzzy-based controllers. The optimized Proportional Integral Derivative controller shows better performance than a conventional PID and fuzzy-based controller. The overshoot of the system has been reduced to 0% from 46%, and the rise time has been reduced to 0.6150 s. This is the new work in the literature that will be quite useful for the performance enhancement of the cruise control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are few systematic position control parameter optimization methods for planar switched reluctance motors (PSRMs); how to effectively optimize the control parameters of PSRMs is one of the critical issues that needs to be urgently solved. Therefore, a nonlinear dynamic model-based position control parameter optimization method of PSRMs is proposed in this paper. First, to improve the accuracy of the motor dynamics model, a Hammerstein–Wiener model based on the BP neural network input–output nonlinear module is established by combining the linear model and nonlinear model structures so that the nonlinear and linear characteristics of the system are characterized simultaneously. Then, a position control parameter optimization system of PSRMs is developed using the established Hammerstein–Wiener model. In addition, with a self-designed simulated annealing adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (SAAPSO), the position control parameter optimization system is performed offline iteratively to obtain the optimal position control parameters. Simulations and experiments are carried out and the corresponding results show that the optimal position control parameters obtained by the proposed method can be directly applied in the actual control system of PSRMs and the control performance is improved effectively using the obtained optimal control parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital data plays a paramount part in various fields of life, in which multimedia data represent the majority of transferred digital data via communication networks. Consequently, cryptographers and researchers have paid attention to the security of multimedia. Chaotic models are utilised intensely with optimisation techniques for designing modern multimedia cryptosystems, but the role of optimisation approaches is to improve experimental outcomes rather than complex computations in designing cryptosystems. Amidst the rapid evolution of quantum resources, current multimedia cryptosystems may be cracked because their construction relies on mathematical paradigms. This paper introduces a robust image cryptosystem that leverages bit-level permutation, particle swarm optimization, the 3D logistic system, and quantum walk. In the presented cryptosystem, the probability distribution generated by quantum walk and the chaotic sequences produced by the 3D logistic function are utilized as inputs for a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm. The resulting keystreams are then employed in both the permutation phase (at the pixel and bit levels) and substitution phase of the image cryptosystem. Experimental results indicate that the suggested cryptosystem has high-security contra different raids such as differential, statistical, and occlusion attacks. The average outcome for local entropy, global entropy, NPCR (Number of Pixel Change Rate), UACI (Unified Average Changed Intensity), Chi-square, and encryption speed are measured at 7.9025, 7.99985, 99.61306%, 33.4657%, 256.960725, and 1.7081 megabits per second, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equilibrium optimizer (EO) is a recently developed physics-based optimization technique for complex optimization problems. Although the algorithm shows excellent exploitation capability, it still has some drawbacks, such as the tendency to fall into local optima and poor population diversity. To address these shortcomings, an enhanced EO algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, a spiral search mechanism is introduced to guide the particles to more promising search regions. Then, a new inertia weight factor is employed to mitigate the oscillation phenomena of particles. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on the CEC2017 test suite and the mobile robot path planning (MRPP) problem and compared with some advanced metaheuristic techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that our improved EO algorithm outperforms the comparison methods in solving both numerical optimization problems and practical problems. Overall, the developed EO variant has good robustness and stability and can be considered as a promising optimization tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sliding-mode control (SMC) is a robust technique used in power electronics (PE) for controlling the behavior of power converters. This paper presents simulations and experimental results of an optimal SMC strategy applied to Semi-Bridgeless Boost Converters (SBBC), which includes Power Factor Correction (PFC). As the main contribution, the optimal coefficients of the SMC strategy are obtained using two metaheuristic approaches, namely the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The main objective is to obtain the sliding coefficients that ensure the best converter response in terms of the input current and output voltage, both during start-up and under disturbances (including changes in load, source, and references). The fitness function to be minimized includes two coefficients, namely the Integrative Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), for both the input current and output voltage. These coefficients measure the converter's effort to follow the control references. The IAE penalizes errors during start-up, whereas the ITAE penalizes errors in the steady state. The tests carried out demonstrated the effectiveness of the GA and PSO techniques in the optimization process; nonetheless, the GA outperformed the PSO approach, providing sliding coefficients that allowed for a reduction in the input current overshoot during start-up of up to 24.15% and a reduction in the setting time of the output voltage of up to 99%. The experimental results were very similar when tuning with the GA and PSO techniques; nevertheless, tuning with the GA technique produced a better response in the face of disturbances compared to the PSO technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtualisation is a major technology in cloud computing for optimising the cloud data centre's power usage. In the current scenario, most of the services are migrated to the cloud, putting more load on the cloud data centres. As a result, the data center's size expands resulting in increased energy usage. To address this problem, a resource allocation optimisation method that is both efficient and effective is necessary. The optimal utilisation of cloud infrastructure and optimisation algorithms plays a vital role. The cloud resources rely on the allocation policy of the virtual machine on cloud resources. A virtual machine placement technique, based on the Harris Hawk Optimisation (HHO) model for the cloud data centre is presented in this paper. The proposed HHO model aims to find the best place for virtual machines on suitable hosts with the least load and power consumption. PlanetLab's real-time workload traces are used for performance evaluation with existing PSO (Particle Swarm Optimisation) and PABFD (Best Fit Decreasing). The performance evaluation of the proposed method is done using power consumption, SLA, CPU utilisation, RAM utilisation, Execution time (ms) and the number of VM migrations. The performance evaluation is done using two simulation scenarios with scaling workload in scenario 1 and increasing resources for the virtual machine to study the performance in underloaded and overloaded conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed HHO algorithm improved execution time(ms) by 4%, had a 27% reduction in power consumption, a 16% reduction in SLA violation and an increase in resource utilisation by 17%. The HHO algorithm is also effective in handling dynamic and uncertain environments, making it suitable for real-world cloud infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation and stabilization of a system's output to achieve desired performance and ensure system reliability require the use of different controllers, but selecting appropriate control parameters presents a challenge in ensuring robustness and stability. Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers are popularly used due to their simplicity and effectiveness in addressing these challenges. In this paper, a simple, effective, and efficient, novel graphical technique is proposed to design PID and its variants (PI/PD) controllers, which addresses the challenges in selecting appropriate control parameters. The method involves creating three equispaced vectors for controller parameters (Kp,Ki,Kd)$(K_{\text{p}}, K_{\text{i}}, K_{\text{d}})$, and obtaining a 3D (2D in PI/PD) Cartesian grid of these vectors. All nodes in the grid provide several possible controllers, and integral time squared error (ITSE) is calculated for each controller from the closed‐loop step response of the system. The obtained ITSE is plotted in a 4D (PID) or 3D (PI/PD) graph, and controller parameters corresponding to the minimum value of ITSE are identified. Furthermore, the proposed graphical technique aids in choosing the lower and upper bounds (LB and UB) if the controller is designed using optimization techniques. The better selection of LB and UB reduces the search space resulting in lesser execution time and fewer iterations. To validate the proposed graphical technique, we designed various controllers for widely‐used brush‐less DC and switch reluctance motors in electric vehicles. Additionally, by choosing the LB and UB with the proposed technique, controllers are also designed using three optimization techniques: particle swarm optimization, black widow optimization algorithm, and honey badger algorithm. The obtained controllers using the graphical technique outperformed the optimization techniques in terms of time and frequency domain specifications, and the proposed selection of lower and upper bounds resulted in improved performance in terms of iterations and execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of cyber security situation plays an important role in early warning against cyber security attacks. The first-order accumulative grey model has achieved remarkable results in many prediction scenarios. Since recent events have a greater impact on future decisions, new information should be given more weight. The disadvantage of first-order accumulative grey models is that with the first-order accumulative method, equal weight is given to the original data. In this paper, a fractional-order cumulative grey model (FAGM) is used to establish the prediction model, and an intelligent optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine the optimal order. The model discussed in this paper is used for the prediction of Internet cyber security situations. The results of a comparison with the traditional grey model GM(1,1), the grey model GM(1,n), and the fractional discrete grey seasonal model FDGSM(1,1) show that our model is suitable for cases with insufficient data and irregular sample sizes, and the prediction accuracy and stability of the model are better than those of the other three models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, critical analysis of performance comparison of various optimization techniques for a MRPID (Multi Resolution Proportional Integral Derivative) thermal system controller is presented. This controller controls the uncertainty or mismatch between real and reference temperature. Wavelet coefficients of error between the two temperatures and their corresponding gains are added to produce a control signal for the thermal system. The main purpose of the proposed method is to optimize the tuning parameters of a wavelet-based MRPID controller to regulate the switching pulse of the thermal system. Modeling and simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink@2015. Figures-of-merit such as disturbance rejection, system stability and transient response are also compared using various techniques like Particle swarm optimization (PSO)-MRPID, Genetic Algorithm (GA)-MRPID (existing techniques), Firefly-MRPID controllers and Elephant herding optimization (EHO) based Recurrent neural network (RNN)-MRPID algorithm. Firefly-MRPID and EHO with RNN-based MRPID are proposed for determining unique (best) operating conditions of the thermal system in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]