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In PV power generation systems, flexible power point tracking control needs to be introduced to regulate the output power on the PV side for meeting the grid connection requirements. However, traditional FPPT control methods tend to cause certain oscillations in the system. This paper proposes an FPPT method based on the adaptive lion swarm optimization algorithm (ALSO). First, an ALSO algorithm is proposed, which adds adaptive scaling parameters to the lion swarm optimization algorithm, so that the number of adult lions can be adjusted adaptively with increasing iterations to coordinate the local exploitation and global search abilities of the algorithm. Then the ALSO is used to selectively optimize the operation of different intervals so as to achieve the FPPT control on the left or right side of the maximum power point. The test experiments for the ALSO algorithm show that the ALSO algorithm has strong local exploitation and global search abilities, which is better than the compared algorithms. Through the simulations on the PV grid-connected system, the validity and superiority of the ALSO-based method over the traditional FPPT algorithm in terms of dynamic and steady-state performance are verified under different operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a multi-objective lion swarm optimization based on multi-agent (MOMALSO) for solving the increasingly complex multi-objective optimization problem in engineering practice. First, the Multi-agent system is introduced into the lion swarm optimization (LSO) algorithm. The optimization mechanism of LSO and the information exchange between the agents are integrated to enhance the local search and global search ability of the algorithm, and the self-learning operation can accelerate the approximate Pareto front obtained by the algorithm near to real front. Besides, the external archive is introduced for extending the LSO into a multi-objective algorithm. Finally, the simulations compared with other three algorithms are performed, and the results show that MOMALSO has significant advantages in both convergence and coverage, which verifies the superiority and effectiveness of the algorithm in multi-objective optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium batteries is an important parameter of battery management systems. We aim at the problem that the noise variance is fixed during the estimation of the battery state by the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which leads to low estimation accuracy. Lithium battery SOC estimation based on the UKF and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is proposed. The first WOA is used to identify the parameters of the battery model. WOA–UKF is used to estimate the SOC of the battery, in which the observed noise variance and process noise variance of the UKF are updated through the second WOA, thereby the estimation accuracy is improved. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the improved method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]