We work over a perfect field. Recent work of the third-named author established a Derived Auslander Correspondence that relates finite-dimensional self-injective algebras that are twisted $3$-periodic to algebraic triangulated categories of finite type. Moreover, the aforementioned work also shows that the latter triangulated categories admit a unique differential graded enhancement. In this article we prove a higher-dimensional version of this result that, given an integer $d\geq1$, relates twisted $(d+2)$-periodic algebras to algebraic triangulated categories with a $d\mathbb{Z}$-cluster tilting object. We also show that the latter triangulated categories admit a unique differential graded enhancement. Our result yields recognition theorems for interesting algebraic triangulated categories, such as the Amiot cluster category of a self-injective quiver with potential in the sense of Herschend and Iyama and, more generally, the Amiot-Guo-Keller cluster category associated with a $d$-representation finite algebra in the sense of Iyama and Oppermann. As an application of our result, we obtain infinitely many triangulated categories with a unique differential graded enhancement that is not strongly unique. In the appendix, B. Keller explains how -- combined with crucial results of August and Hua-Keller -- our main result yields the last key ingredient to prove the Donovan-Wemyss Conjecture in the context of the Homological Minimal Model Program for threefolds., Comment: Appendix by Bernhard Keller. 117 pp., 2 figs. v2: added refs; corrected minor typos and other small changes; new subsec 5.5.4 on the comparison with topological enhancements. v3: corrected minor typos; new subsec 4.6 on an example of a universal Massey product. v4: new title; added further details to the proof of Thm B; several minor edits and typos corrected. v5: corrected typos