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The results of the existing studies show many misconceptions on the topic of chemical bonding, this is due to the representation presented by teachers as well as limited representation in textbooks. The obstacle in avoiding the takes of the concept is that each individual has their own learning style that must be adapted to the given representation. In the Covid-19 pandemic era, students will tend to take information from online learning sources containing representations that suit their learning style. Students who tend to have a visual learning style will prefer representations from visualization- rich learning sources such as videos and images. Students’ learning styles can greatly affect performance outcomes in learning. Teachers are not necessarily able to guide students well via online in this era. The development of e-Learning teaching materials with multirepresentative learning resources to accommodate all VARK learning styles, arranged according to the guided inquiry model syntax for self-learning, can be the solution to these problems. This research uses Research and Development methods. This research procedure adapts the multimedia development model developed by Lee and Owens (2004) consisting of five stages including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research procedure is only carried out until the development stage, followed by validation from media experts and materials experts. The results of the teaching materials developed can be said to be feasible. However, more research is still needed to achieve better e-Learnig teaching material development products. The average gain of value obtained from material experts is above 80% while from media experts above 90% of the expected value of the teaching materials developed.

Electrolyte-nonelectrolyte and Colligative properties of solutions are materials which oriented by multiple representation of chemistry. In this research, the teaching materials were developed as online and offline materials. The development of teaching materials are based on Lee and Owen’s developing model which has five steps: 1) assessment/analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, 5) evaluation. Based on validity and legibility test results, the development on this research are valid and legible to be applied in learning process. The validity and legibility score frome measurement by the validators are 79% and from the students are 79%. Based on the effectiveness test results, it indicates that the teaching materials which have been developed are effective to raise the scientific argumentation skills for students showed by the pre-test post-test and n-gain scores. According to n-gain scores, it is known that 13 students’ scientific argumentation skills are increased in low level and 19 students’ are increased in medium level.

Flipped classroom is an approach that flips face to face class and homework. Learning activities are done by the students at home, meanwhile during learning in the classroom they discuss about things that they found outside the class. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of flipped classroom model towards critical thinking skill. In this research, the researchers used post-test design to investigate the effect of flipped classroom toward students critical thinking skill, measured by critical thinking skill test that was made based on Ennis indicators. Examination was done by comparing flipped classroom by using multimedia and traditional class that used lecture and powerpoint as the media. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney, the result show that the implementation of flipped classroom increased students’ critical thinking significantly.

In Zoology course, students often have difficulty to identify several invertebrates. Android-based learning media is currently an alternative way of solving some problems during the learning process. Therefore, android-based learning media that assist students to identify invertebrates was developed in this study. This research method used to research and development model (R&D) developed by Borg and Gall (1983) that consisting 10 steps, that are research and data collection; planning the educational product; developing the product's preliminary form; initial field testing; the first revision of main product; main field testing; operational product revision; operational field testing; final product revision; and dissemination. The validation results from the material expert I, material expert II, and media experts were 96.6%; 94.3%; and 94.7%, respectively. That results concluded I-Invertebrata was feasible for use in learning but requires minor revision. Furthermore, the results of quasi-experimental research that was analyzed by using analysis of covariance test showed the learning motivation of students who use I-Invertebrata is significantly higher than students who do not use I-Invertebrata.

The learning model during the pandemic is still teacher-centered so that most students experience problems in learning science. The purpose of this study was to measure the implementation of guided inquiry assisted by interactive multimedia on scientific literacy skills, learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. This research is a quasi-study with a non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study amounted to 60 students—the use of samples taken using non-randomized sampling. The experimental class has 30 students, and the control class has 30 students. The method used for data collection is an objective test. The results showed that: first, the scientific literacy ability of the experimental class was better than the control class based on statistical tests of 84.79 (very good) and 76.83 in the control class. Second, student learning outcomes in the experimental class were better than in the control class. It was concluded that the guided inquiry strategy using interactive multimedia had a significant impact on scientific literacy and student learning outcomes used in online science learning for elementary school students during the covid 19 pandemic. The research implication is that the inquiry learning model can be applied in the learning process because it can improve students' understanding.

The purposes of this research and development is to produce feasible and valid teaching materials utilizing augmented reality-assisted guided inquiry learning model in the activity of identifying life organizational system for 7th grade students of Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School, as teaching material in Covid-19 Pandemic era. This research used Lee and Owens research and development model, limited to three stages, namely: analysis/assessment, design, and development. The feasibility of the teaching materials were determined from the results of the validation and user assessment. The teaching materials were developed in A6-sized printed books containing Basic Competence 3.6 materials of life organizational system from the cellular level to organismic level. The materials were presented in the forms of illustrations, videos, three-dimensional AR animations, and handouts on google drive. Based on the validity result which was conducted by material and media experts, it was discovered that the teaching materials were valid and feasible for learning with the score percentage of more than 81 percent.

The intermolecular force is one of the chemistry topics covered in the high school curriculum in Indonesia. As the characteristics of chemistry concepts in general, intermolecular forces concepts can be presented in the three levels of chemical representations (microscopic, symbolic, and macroscopic). Currently, chemistry teaching materials are available in Indonesian schools mostly have limited support for helping students to visualize the molecular aspect of intermolecular forces concepts mainly in the form of three-dimensional space (3D). This study aimed to produce an E-Learning teaching material enriched with 3D Molecular Visualization. The product (teaching material) in this study is presented by considering the syntax of guided inquiry-based learning. The product was developed with the procedure adopted from Lee and Owens, including assessment/analysis, need assessment, front-end analysis, design, and development. The product is valid and suitable to be applied in online chemistry teaching. However, further study to investigate the effectiveness of this product empirically need to be explored in the future.

This study aims to determine the students' metacognitive knowledge chemistry students who study with Problem Solving-Think Pair Share Learning Models in the experimental class and problem solving learning models in the control class. The study uses a posttest control group design and sample selection uses convenience sampling techniques. Research data in the form of metacognitive knowledge test values measured from test questions in the form of essays each containing three types of metacognitive knowledge. The results has showed that there was a influence of learning models on students' metacognitive knowledge, this effect was seen from the existence of significant differences between students studying in the experimental class.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan metakognitif siswa kimia materi sifat koligatif larutan pada siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Problem Solving-Think Pair Share di kelas eksperimen dan model pembelajaran Problem Solving di kelas kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan desain Postest Control Group Design dan pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Convenience Sampling. Data penelitian berupa nilai tes pengetahuan metakognitif yang diukur dari soal tes berbentuk esai masing-masing berisi tiga jenis pengetahuan metakognitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Problem Solving-Think Pair Share memiliki pengetahuan metakognitif yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang belajar dengan model Problem Solving.

The aim of this study is to produce a higher-order thinking skills assessment instrument on the material of the hearing and sonar system for Junior high school students that are valid and reliable. Indicators of higher-order thinking skills (IKBTT) are developed based on the cognitive dimension of Bloom's Taxonomy which includes the skills to analyze (C4), evaluate (C5) and create (C6). The assessment instrument developed was a multiple choice test with open reasons. Multiple choice test with open reason is a multiple choice question with four answer choices completed with the reason for choosing an answer. The instrument is equipped with an assessment rubric in the form of a holistic rubric to assess the relationship between multiple choice answers and reasons for choosing answers. The results of the validation of material aspects, construction, and language show that the products developed are very feasible with an average score of 85.7%. The instrument was empirically tested with the number of subjects trying as many as 59 students of 8th grade Junior high school. Based on the results of empirical trials of multiple choice questions with open reasons obtained 25 valid questions with multiple choice reliability of 0.745, and reason reliability of 0.929. The number of questions produced based on C4 cognitive dimensions were 12 questions (48%), C5 cognitive dimensions were 9 questions (36%), and C6 cognitive dimensions were 4 questions (16%). This study produced an instrument for assessing higher-order thinking skills in the material of the hearing and sonar system for Junior high school students that were valid and reliable.

Natural science, as a fundamental science, requires a series of observations to be understood. For the subject about structure of earth, earthquake, and volcano, the students need the direct observation because the nature of the subject that tends to be abstract. In order for the students to be able to observe directly about the subject of earth that tends to be formed in an abstract concept, therefore the students need the learning media that is able to change that concept into the concrete one moreover also can change it into a fun education for the students. The media that is able to solidify the abstract concept is a media in a form of interactive multimedia. In order to make the students become ecstatic during the learning process, it is a need to do the edutainment approach. Therefore, it is a necessary to do an observation with a purpose to produce the product in a form of interactive multimedia named science edutainment with the topic of earth that is applicable and valid for seventh grade of junior high school students. This research used 4D method without dissemination step. The applicability of the developed product is obtained from the validation of product and the readability test. According to the results of media validation done by the expert, the media was considered appropriate by the percentages of 76.4% for media appropriateness and 88.5% for content appropriateness. On legibility test, it obtained 91.3% by teachers and 93.5% by students, which mean that the media was very appropriate. Hence, the interactive multimedia of science-edutainment on earth topic for the 7th graders of Junior High Schools is considered appropriate and valid.