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Vår studie är inom det fritidspedagogiska området och syftet är att undersöka fritidshemslärares syn på om det finns ett samband mellan sina relationer till eleverna och deras välbefinnande. Tidigare forskning visar på att det finns ett samband mellan goda relationer och elevernas välbefinnande. För att få svar på våra frågeställningar har vi intervjuat sex behöriga lärare i fritidshem från tre olika skolor i Stockholmsområdet för att ta reda på hur de konkret arbetar med elevernas välbefinnande och deras syn på relationer. Intervjuerna har varit kvalitativa med hög grad av strukturering. Undersökningen visade att fritidshemslärarna ser ett samband mellan det relationsskapande arbetet och elevernas välbefinnande men att de upplever elevgruppernas storlek som en utmaning, som påverkar arbetet med relationerna. Därefter har resultatet analyserats utifrån Antonovskys teori KASAM, känsla av sammanhang, som innehåller tre komponenter; begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras studien i förhållande till tidigare forskning, vald metod, förslag till fortsatt forskning samt hur studien kan bidra till professionsutvecklingen. Our study is within the field of leisure education and the purpose of our study is to investigate educare centre teachers' views on whether there is a connection between their relationships with the students and students’ wellbeing. Previous research shows that there is a connection between good teacher-student relationships and students' wellbeing. To collect answers to our inquiries we have interviewed six certificated teachers in Swedish School age educare centre from three different schools in the Stockholm area, and examine how they concretely work with the students' wellbeing and educare centre teachers’ views on relationships. The study isqualitative and based on structured interviews. The research showed that the educare centreteachers see a connection between the work in relationship-building and the students' wellbeing. However, the results casted, challenges for large student groups and how it affects the work in relationship buildings. Subsequently, the result has been analyzed based on Antonovsky's theory SoC, sense of coherence, which includes three components; comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. Finally, the study is discussed in relation to previous research, chosen method, proposals for continued research and how the study can contribute to professional development.

The current study focuses on the interrelationship between fear of COVID-19, sense of coherence, and burnout. Participants (n = 355) were school teachers from across all provinces in South Africa who completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. It was hypothesized that the dimensions of sense of coherence would be directly associated with burnout and would also mediate or moderate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout. The results of the path and moderation analyses conducted confirmed this hypothesis. In particular, the health-sustaining role of sense of coherence was demonstrated through the significant direct associations between comprehensibility and manageability on one hand and emotional exhaustion, as well as depersonalization, on the other hand. In addition, meaningfulness had significant direct associations with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Meaningfulness mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and all burnout subscales, while comprehensibility and manageability only mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, comprehensibility and manageability played a moderating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and personal accomplishment. These findings confirm the crucial role of protective factors, such as sense of coherence, and highlights the need for interventions that could strengthen these resources within teachers.

Syftet med denna studie är att generera kunskap om hur män hanterar motgångar. Genom att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod har vi utfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra män, vilket gör att vi får vi tillgång till deras perspektiv på hantering av motgångar. Resultaten baseras sedan på männens svar vid intervjutillfällena och analyseras sedan utifrån de teoretiska ramverken KASAM (känsla av sammanhang) samt Illeris teori om lärande. Resultaten visar att männens sätt att hantera motgångar varierar, samtidigt som det går att urskilja faktorer som är gemensamma för samtliga män. Socialt stöd och personliga strategier är gemensamma faktorer, som i varierande grad återkommer i männens redogörelser för hur de har hanterat olika motgångar. Trots att socialt stöd är framtonande i det samlade intervjumaterialet, uppger tre av fyra män att de inte vänder sig till signifikanta andra när de mår som sämst. Orsaken till detta är att inte belasta omgivningen. Även alkoholbruk är i viss mån framträdande som ett sätt att tidigare hanterat motgångar på, men också som ett fortsatt tillvägagångssätt i enstaka fall. Samtliga av männen har funnit deras motgångar meningsfulla med tiden, och flera beskriver hur händelsen har varit ett skäl till att engagera sig i frågor och evenemang relaterad till respektive motgång. Gemensamt för männen var synen på motgångar som tvådimensionellt, vilket innebär att en händelse kan upplevas som utmanande alternativt ställas inför en händelse som är okontrollerbar. Resultaten synliggör även motgångar som å ena sidan något individen är delaktig i, och å andra sidan en oförutsedd händelse som individen exponeras inför. The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about how men handle adversity. By using aqualitative method, we conducted semi-structured interviews with four men, which gives us access totheir perspective on dealing with adversity. The results are then based on the men's responses to theinterviews and then analyzed on the basis of the theoretical frameworks SOC (sense of coherence) andIlleris theory of learning. The results show that men's ways of dealing with adversity vary, while it ispossible to distinguish factors that are common to all men. Social support and personal strategies arecommon factors, which recur to varying degrees in men's accounts of how they have dealt withvarious adversities. Despite the fact that social support is prominent in the collected interviewmaterial, three out of four men state that they do not turn to significant others when they feel theworst. The reason for this is not to strain the surroundings. Alcohol use is also to some extentprominent as a way of dealing with adversity in the past, but also as a continued approach inindividual cases. All of the men have found their adversity meaningful over time, and several describehow the event has been a reason to get involved in issues and events related to each adversity.Common to men was the view of adversity as two-dimensional, which means that an event can beperceived as challenging or faced with an event that is uncontrollable. The results also show adversityin which, on the one hand, something the individual is involved in, and on the other hand, anunforeseen event to which the individual is exposed.

Due to the Ukrainian refugee crisis, millions of people had to leave their home country. As a neighbor of Ukraine, Hungary is highly affected by this crisis and thousands of volunteers help refugees in this difficult situation. As their role is central in emergency response, the health and wellbeing of volunteers are of high importance. The aim of this study was to examine the sense of coherence among Hungarian volunteers working with Ukrainian refugees. Sense of coherence is a core concept in Aaron Antonovsky’s salutogenic model (1979), and reflects on the psychological, social and cultural resources which help people to cope with everyday stressors. In order to explore how this theory can be applied in the context of volunteering, 6 semi-structured interviews were conducted and a deductive qualitative analysis was made with the sense of coherence theory as a framework. It resulted in three predetermined categories based on the three dimensions of sense of coherence: (1) Comprehensibility, (2) Manageability and (3) Meaningfulness. The analysis of qualitative data resulted in a total of twelve themes within the three categories (e.g. Effective communication and information flow are important to me.; Supportive team spirit and collaboration are important to me.; A strong sense of service gives me strength.; I believe helping others is its own reward.). The findings suggest that the concept of sense of coherence can be applied in the context of volunteering, revealing key aspects of comprehending, managing and making sense of volunteer work. Therefore, interventions based on this salutogenic approach would improve the mental health and well-being of volunteers through enabling them to cope with the challenges of volunteer work.

Physical exercise is a potentially effective treatment for adolescents with mild to moderate depression. However, there is a lack of long-term follow-ups to reveal adolescents’ experiences of exercise as a treatment for depression. The salutogenic concept of sense of coherence (SOC), comprising the domains manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness is important to understand behaviour change. This study aimed to describe adolescents’ long-term experiences of manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness of a group-based exercise intervention for depression. Fourteen adolescents with persistent depression were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic and interviewed one year after participating in a 14-week moderate to vigorous exercise intervention for depression. An abductive qualitative content analysis was conducted, based on the three SOC domains manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness. The results revealed that participation in the intervention was made manageable by a supportive environment, including: the intervention design, togetherness with peer group, and encouragement from adults. The comprehensibility of the intervention emerged through the insights regarding health benefits of exercise and the aim of the intervention. Meaningfulness was achieved through improved health behaviour, well-being and self-esteem, along with strengthened belief in the future and increased commitment to everyday life. The group-based exercise intervention was experienced as manageable, comprehensible, and meaningful.

Background Extensive research describes how nurses experience their work environment. The conditions are described as stressful and dissatisfying with nurses intending to leave their workplace. Knowledge about the personal perception regarding why nurses consider leaving the hospital workplace is limited. The purpose of this study was to understand why hospital nurses remain in their workplace, which facilitates their continuation in the profession. Objective The objective was to explore and describe factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in the workplace. Methods This was a descriptive qualitative study with a purposive sample of hospital nurses in Sweden. The salutogenic theory was the basis for the interview guide and the semi-structured questions. Individual interviews were conducted in a hospital in western Sweden. Content analysis was performed to organize the coded data according to the sense of coherence. Results Data saturation was achieved with 12 interviews. Within the three themes of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), ten subthemes were categorized from the data as follows: job satisfaction and fun at work, acknowledgement and productivity, togetherness and team security, manageable workload, variable work and challenging situations, workplace and personal space balance, collaboration and supportive leadership, valued role and good work, commitment and involvement, and pride in the professional role. Conclusions The main findings of this study have shown the critical importance of being in a meaningful, comprehensible and manageable work context that supports nurses in maintaining their professional identity.

Studiens syfte är att finna hur man arbetar inom grundsärskolan och gymnasiesärskolan med att synliggöra lärandet för eleverna och bedöma vart eleverna befinner sig kunskapsmässigt. Frågeställningarna behandlar vilka metoder speciallärare och specialpedagoger använder för att synliggöra lärandet samt vilka metoder som används för att bedöma vart eleven befinner sig kunskapsmässigt och vilka metoder lärarna använder för att göra lärandet meningsfullt, hanterbart och begripligt. Kvalitativ metod i form av webbenkäter har använts för insamling av empirin. Den teoretiska ansatsen KASAM har använts för att analysera resultatet. Resultatet visar på att den metod som lärarna använder mest för att synliggöra lärandet för sina elever är genom muntlig återkoppling. Den metod som lärarna använder sig mest av för att ta reda på var eleven befinner sig kunskapsmässigt är samtal med kollegor. För att göra lärandet hanterbart, begripligt och meningsfullt så tar lärarna reda på vilken lärmetod som passar bäst för eleven, utgår från elevens intresse och har en tydlighet kring mål och syfte med undervisningen. Resultatet visar också på likheter och skillnader i valda metoder för de elever som läser ämnesområde kontra de som läser ämne. Studiens specialpedagogiska implikationer är att ge tips på goda exempel om metoder för bedömning och synliggörande av lärande. Resultatet bidrar till förslag för fortsatt forskning kring effekten av beprövade metoder., The purpose of this study is to find out best practices for teachers within the compulsory special school and the upper secondary special school in Sweden. The goal is to make the learning visible for the pupils and to assess where the pupils are in terms of knowledge. The study addresses what methods special teachers and special educators use to make the learning visible, to assess where the pupil is in terms of knowledge and what methods teachers use to make learning meaningful, manageable and understandable. Qualitative method in the form of web surveys has been used to gather empirical data. The theoretical approach KASAM has been used to analyze the results. This reveals that the method most teachers use to make the learning visible to their pupils is through oral feedback. The method that teachers use most often to find out where the pupil is knowledgeable is talking to colleagues. In order to make learning manageable, understandable and meaningful, the teachers choose learning method best suited for the pupil based on the pupils interest and have a clear focus on the goals and purpose of the teaching. The result also shows similarities and differences in selected methods for the pupils who read the subject area versus those who read the subject. The study's special educational implications are to give tips on good examples of methods for assessing and making visible learning. The result contributes to proposals for further research on the effect of tried and tested methods.

During the year of 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic entailed restrictions that affected Sweden and the world in general. At the request of the Swedish Public Health Agency, Swedish universities were asked to conduct digital distance education. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the attitude to the change from traditional education to distance education among full-time students at Örebro University, can be understood in relation to factors linked to learning. The study also intends to examine whether and how the students experience that their social interaction and sense of coherence has been affected as a result of the change. The results of this qualitative study are based on qualitative interviews with full-time students at Örebro University, who have been involved in the change from traditional education to distance education. Previous research in these subject areas highlight, among other things, the prerequisites for successful distance education, as well as factors that have been found to have an impact on students’ experience of social interaction and sense of coherence. In addition to previous research, the study’s theoretical framework is based on Erving Goffman’s (2014 [1974]) dramaturgical perspective on social interaction and Aaron Antonovsky’s (2005) theory of sense of coherence.The result indicates that the students were predominantly negative about the change, mainly due to the lack of social interaction. The study also shows that the students experienced difficulties within the social interaction during distance education, in terms of impression management, maintenance of traditional norms and the separation between study time and free time. In conclusion, the study shows that the students’ sense of coherence has been affected in various degrees, depending on how they perceive that their sense of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness is met in distance education., Under år 2020 medförde Covid-19-pandemin restriktioner som påverkade Sverige och världen i stort. På begäran av Folkhälsomyndigheten uppmanades svenska universitet att bedriva digital distansundervisning. Syftet med detta självständiga arbete är att undersöka hur inställningen till förändringen från traditionell undervisning till distansundervisning hos heltidsstudenter vid Örebro Universitet, kan förstås i relation till faktorer kopplat till lärande. Fokus ligger därtill på om och i sådana fall hur studenterna upplever att deras sociala interaktion och känsla av sammanhang har påverkats till följd av förändringen. Denna kvalitativa studie baserar sitt resultat på kvalitativa intervjuer med heltidsstudenter vid Örebro Universitet, som varit med om förändringen från traditionell undervisning till distansundervisning. Tidigare forskning inom dessa ämnesområden belyser bland annat förutsättningar för en lyckad distansundervisning, samt faktorer som har visat sig ha en inverkan på studenters upplevelse av social interaktion och känsla av sammanhang. Utöver tidigare forskning grundas studiens teoretiska ramverk i Erving Goffmans (2014 [1974]) dramaturgiska perspektiv gällande social interaktion samt Aaron Antonovskys (2005) teori om känsla av sammanhang.Resultatet från studien tyder på att studenterna var övervägande negativt inställda till förändringen, främst på grund av avsaknaden av socialt umgänge. Studien visar även att studenterna upplevde svårigheter i den sociala interaktionen vid distansundervisning vad gäller intrycksstyrning, upprätthållning av traditionella normer samt avgränsningen mellan studietid och fritid. Avslutningsvis visar studien att studenternas känsla av sammanhang påverkats i varierande grad, beroende på hur de uppfattar att deras känsla av begriplighet, hanterbarhet samt meningsfullhet tillgodoses vid distansundervisningen.

Skolverkets statistik visar att matematik är det kärnämne där svenska elever presterar lägst. Denna studie undersöker om intensivundervisning av fem elever i matematiksvårigheter i årskurs 7 kan stärka deras känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) inom matematiken enligt Antonovskys teori. Enligt Antonovsky skapas KASAM om begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet uppfylls. Begriplighet innebär att elevens kunskaper inom ämnet är höga, hanterbarhet betyder att elevens tilltro till sina förmågor är höga och meningsfullhet innebär att eleven ser nyttan med matematiken. Intensivundervisningen bedrevs under sex veckor med tre halvtimmeslektioner per vecka och eleverna deltog i par. Inför intensivundervisningen undersöktes elevernas kunskapsnivåer och uppfattningar om matematikämnet genom en kartläggning baserad på Magnes diagnoser och en intervju, dessa följdes upp efter insatsen med en ny diagnos och intervju. De inledande och avslutande resultaten jämfördes och analyserades utifrån begriplighet, vilket syntes i resultaten på kartläggningen och diagnosen, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet som analyserades utifrån elevernas svar på intervjuerna. Genom den nya lärmiljön, den konstanta kommunikationen med positiv feedback och det praktiska material som med fördel används stärks två av begreppen inom KASAM tydligt. Detta visade studiens resultat vad gäller hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet som förbättrades för samtliga elever, den data som samlades in gällande begriplighet blev för svårtolkat för att ge ett tydligt resultat. En längre insats förespråkas då det hade gett en större möjlighet för eleverna att befästa kunskaperna och det framförallt gällande elever med stora kunskapsluckor., According to the Swedish National Agency for Education’s statistics, mathematics is the core subject in which the Swedish students perform the lowest. This study examines if interventions in mathematics can help five students in year seven, which experience mathematic difficulties, feel a sense of coherence (SOC) within the subject as per Antonovsky’s theory. According to Antonovsky SOC is created if the concepts of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness are fulfilled. Comprehensibility means that the student’s knowledge of the subject is good, if the manageability is high the student is confident in their abilities, and meaningful means that the student sees the benefit of mathematics. The intervention was conducted over six weeks, with three half-hour long lessons per week where the students participated in pairs. Prior to the intervention the students’ levels of knowledge and their perception of mathematics were examined through a survey based on Magne’s diagnosis and an interview, after the intervention they were followed up with a new diagnosis and interview. The initial and the final results were compared and analysed based on comprehensibility, which was shown in the result of the survey and the diagnosis, manageability and meaningfulness, which were analysed based on the interviews. With the help of the new learning environment, the continuous communication with positive feedback and the concrete material, which is beneficial to the teaching, two of the concepts of SOC are clearly strengthened. The result of the study shows this when it comes to manageability and meaningfulness for all the participating students, the data collected concerning the concept of comprehensibility was too difficult to interpret to give a distinct result. A lengthier effort is advocated to give the students a better opportunity to consolidate the new knowledge, this in particularly when it comes to students with large gaps in knowledge.

Bakgrund: I förskolans uppdrag ingår det att tillföra en trygg och optimistisk arbetsmiljö som inkluderar alla barn och personal. Pedagogerna ska ha möjlighet att arbeta i en miljö som är hanterbar, begriplig och meningsfull. Syfte: Undersökningens syfte är att öka kunskaperna om vilka erfarenheter förskollärare och barnskötare har av deras arbetsmiljö samt hur den påverkar dem i deras arbete. Frågeställningarna innefattar pedagogernas upplevelser kring deras arbetsmiljö och vad som kännetecknar en god arbetsmiljö i förskolan. Metod: Undersökningen är en kvalitativ studie som baserar sig på en enkät med svar från 50 pedagoger från två kommuner i Mellansverige. Resultat: Studien visar att pedagogerna trivs på sin arbetsplats och känner hög känsla av sammanhang trots att det finns brister i den psykosociala och fysiska arbetsmiljön som stora barngrupper, låg personaltäthet, stress, arbetsbelastning samt olämpliga lokaler. Däremot anser pedagogerna i vår studie att det positiva väger upp för det negativa. Kollegor har stor betydelse både för trivseln, arbetsmiljön och vikten av att kommunicera genom ett gott samarbete med varandra samt vilket inflytande de har på sin arbetsplats.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilket sätt personalen inom ett utbildnings- och aktiveringsprogram i en kommun i Sverige arbetade för att öka de tre olika komponenterna; begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet i deltagarnas känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning där personal inom ett utbildnings- och aktiveringsprogram intervjuades. Det insamlade materialet blev analyserat med hjälp av en teoristyrd tematisk analys. Genom analysen utkristalliserades olika subteman med utgångspunkt från våra tre förutbestämda huvudteman som var: begriplighet, meningsfullhet och hanterbarhet. Resultatet visade att personalen till exempel arbetade med språkundervisning, motivationsarbete och praktiskt utförande. Personalen uppgav att språkundervisningen bidrog till deltagarnas känsla av begriplighet, motivationsarbetet bidrog till en känsla av meningsfullhet och praktiskt utförande bidrog till en känsla av hanterbarhet. Studien visar att verksamheten arbetade för att öka alla tre komponenterna i begreppet KASAM, men personalen önskade att arbeta ännu mer med det som skapar en känsla av meningsfullhet. Our purpose with the study was to investigate in what way the personal at a municipal education- and activity program worked to increase the three components; comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in the participants sense of coherence (SOC). The method used was a qualitative interview study in which the personal at an education- and activity program was interviewed. The collected material was processed by a theoretical thematic analysis. By analyzing the result, six sub-themes were crystallized, with a starting point from our three predefined main themes were: comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability. The result showed that the staff for example worked with teaching language, motivational work and practical training. The staff stated that teaching language contributed to the participants sense of comprehensibility, motivational work contributed to a sense of meaningfulness and practical training contributed to a sense of manageability. The study showed that the program worked to increase all three components in the participants SOC, but the staff wished to work even more with the parts that increase the sense of meaningfulness.

To grasp what learning, teaching and knowing health might be in relation to a physical activity, the study explores what ninth grade students find difficult, and what they need to discern in teaching to experience the knowing of participation and evaluation of street dance classes through the concepts comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. These concepts are brought from Aron Antonovsky perspective of salutogenic health by Sense of Coherence (SOC). However I do not claim to embrace the complete SOC since it relates to life as a whole (Antonovsky, 1991; 2005). The aim of the study is to investigate how to deal with the content of teaching making the students develop the ability to participate and evaluate physical activity in relation to the concepts mentioned. Furthermore by using the onset of phenomenography and theory of variation the study explores ways for teachers and students to discern critical features of the content of teaching. The study design used is Learning study. It is a cyclic, pedagogical design aiming for making it possible for teachers to scientifically explore the quality of their own teaching in relation to a specific content being taught. In a Learning study teachers are collaborating with content of teaching, trying to discern critical features of the content to make these aspects come clear for the students in renewed teaching. A phenomenographic perspective is used to discern how the students’ experiences of the teaching content vary. The theory of variation is used for planning and carrying out lessons and evaluating them in order to make the critical aspects discernable for the students. Three lessons within one Learning study cycle were staged. They were videotaped and field notes were taken. The sample consisted of three groups of ninth grade students, 15 to 16 years of age (n=52) and three teachers. Three critical aspects according to the object of learning were discerned in the study: Experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness within the context of street dance. Experiences of different forms of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness within different situations of the context of street dance. Within the context of street dance experience how the actions and experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness by oneself simultane-ously relates to actions and experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of others. The study shows how young students’ ability to carry through and evaluate street dance with point of departure in the meaning of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness may be improved when the students are offered a variation in the critical features of the subject content. Baksidestext:Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om åk 9-elevers erfaranden av lärandeobjektet genomföra och värdera street dance utifrån begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet.Vad eleverna erfor av lärandeobjektet kartlades före undervisning och preliminära kritiska aspekter identifierades. Kritiska aspekter är aspekter av lärandeobjektet som eleverna inte har urskilt. I efterföljande undervisning erbjöds eleverna variation i de kritiska aspekterna. Därefter analyserades vad eleverna erfarit av lärandeobjektet samt vilken variation i de kritiska aspekterna som erbjudits eleverna.Studien är genomförd enligt principen för den didaktiska modellen Learning study. De metodologiska utgångspunkterna är fenomenografi och variationsteori.Studiens resultat visar att de elever som erfor variation i relationen mellan begreppen och street dance och dessutom samtidigt kunde urskilja sina egna och kamraters handlingar i sammanhanget utifrån begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet erfor lärandeobjektet mer differentierat. Resultatet visar också att olika elevgruppers erfaranden av lärandeobjektet sammanföll med hur de kritiska aspekterna hade behandlats i undervisningen.Eleverna problematiserade i studien möjligheter och villkor för begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet vid genomförandet av rörelse i street dance i ett gemensamt upplevt sammanhang. FörfattarpresentationSabina Vesterlund arbetar som lärare i idrott och hälsa på en f-9-skola i Värmdö kommun. Hon tog sin idrottslärarexamen vid Gymnastik – och idrottshögskolan (GIH) i Stockholm 1996. Sabina har sedan dess arbetat med utbildning i idrott och hälsa i grundskolans alla årskurser samt på lärarutbildningar vid Stockholms universitet och GIH.2014 antogs hon till Forskarskolan i idrott och hälsas didaktik vid GIH. Denna licentiatuppsats är hennes examensarbete inom forskarskolan. Handledare har varit Jane Meckbach och Bengt Larsson.För att beställa tryckt exemplar av licentiatuppsatsen kontakta författaren: sabina.vesterlund@gmail.com Forskningslinjen Utbildning

Background: Police officers meet many stressors as part of their occupation. The psychological resource "sense of coherence" (SOC) protects against ill-health, but its impact on coping resources for stress situations has not been studied in the population of police officers. Different approaches to investigate the significance of SOC for different outcomes have been identified in literature, leading to some difficulties in the interpretation and generalization of results. The aim was therefore to explore SOC and the coping resources, and to examine the significance of SOC for various coping resources for stress using different models in a sample of Swedish police officers providing on-the-beat service. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one police officers (age: mean = 33 years, SD = 8; 29 females) were included, and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-29) and the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) were used. The dependent variable in each regression analysis was one of the coping resources: cognitive, social, emotional, spiritual/philosophical, physical, and a global resource. Global SOC-29 and/or its components (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) were investigated as independent variables. Results: All CRI and SOC-29 scores except for that of spiritual/philosophical resources were higher than those of reference groups. Manageability was the most important component of SOC for various coping resources in stress situations used by police officers. Conclusion: A deeper study of manageability will give useful information, because this component of SOC is particularly significant in the variation in resources used by police officers to cope with stress. Salutogenesis, the origin of well-being, should be more in focus of future research on workplaces with a high level of occupational stress.

In two previous papers, we concluded that (1) the sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Aaron Antonovsky (1923—1994) is unable to prove the association between SOC and the physical health empirically and (2) the SOC scale is unlikely to be a fair materialization of Antonovsky’s idea and, thus, unlikely to measure SOC correctly. In order to improve the scale, we developed some new questions that we suggest should be incorporated in a new questionnaire and scale (SOC II) derived directly from Antonovsky's idea and the three key explanatory concepts of SOC: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. We hope that this new scale will demonstrate a stronger correlation between SOC and physical health.

In this study, we constructed a new sense of coherence scale (SOC II), where we eliminated the notion of predictability (that life is meant to be predictable), which was present in the original SOC scale developed by Aaron Antonovsky (1923–1994) (SOC-29 and SOC-13). Our hypothesis was that SOC II would show a higher degree of association with physical health than the original SOC scale. In order to test this idea, we used a cross-sectional study including 4,648 Danes and used the three different health measures: self-evaluated physical health, physical symptoms, and self-evaluated psychological health. We found that SOC II was positively associated with all three health measures with the correlation coefficients 0.338, 0.282, and 0.578, respectively. Furthermore, we found dose response tendencies for all three health measures across groups of SOC, since health improved with a higher SOC. By means of regression analysis, we found that SOC was significantly associated with all three health measures after stratifying for demographic variables, life style variables, life form variables, and attitude variables, respectively. We conclude from this study that the SOC II scale we developed seems better associated with physical health than found with the original SOC scale. We also postulate that the concept of predictability was irrelevant, or even disturbing, and should not be included in the SOC scale.

The aim of this thesis is to see if there are differences in how managers and other staff looks at goals for short-term accommodation. The results show that there is a difference in views on the goals. This is manifested, among other things, in the form of managers have their focus concentrated on the financial framework for the business. Other staff have their focus directed at targets that are more about the work of the resident. The theory that the survey is based on is The sense of coherence and its three pillars: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.

Syfte med uppsatsen var att redogöra för hur individer som vuxit upp i familjer där en förälder missbrukat och/eller varit psykisk sjuk, beskriver sig själva i då och nutid, hemförhållanden och uppväxtförhållanden samt deras överlevnadsstrategier. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och utgörs av en innehållsanalys av tre biografier inom detta område. Genom att läsa tre biografier som belyser denna problematik samt med KASAM begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet, meningsfullhet och den dramaturgiska teorin har uppsatsen kunnat svara på frågeställningarna om hur individerna begriper sin barndom, hur har individerna hanterat sin barndomssituation samt om individerna kan se sin barndom som något bra. Uppsatsen har resulterat i förståelse för hur viktiga vuxna individer är för barn med sådan här problematik, samt hur viktigt det är att ha fritidsintressen. The main purpose of this paper is to describe how individuals, who has grown up with parents who abused drugs or been mentally ill, describes themselves in the past as well as in the present, concerning their upbringing, home life, and their strategies of survival. The paper is qualitative in nature and consists of a content analysis of three biographies concerning this area. By reading these biographies that illustrates this problem and the concepts of KASAM; comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness and the dramaturgical theory, the paper has been able to explain how the individuals look back at their childhood, how they've been able to cope with it, and if they can see their childhood as a positive experience. The conclusions drawn from the paper are how important adult figures are in the life of these children and the importance of leisure activities.

The objectives of this study were to assess the construct validity and reliability of the 13-item version of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and to investigate whether employees with a strong sense of coherence perceived helping and restraining factors in their organisation differently to those with a weak sense of coherence. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The total population (N = 2 678) of employees in a financial institution in Gauteng participated in the study. The OLQ was administered and it showed acceptable reliability and construct validity. Individuals with high scores (n = 300) and those with low scores (n = 300) on sense of coherence differed regarding their perceptions of helping and restraining factors in their work and organisation.

In a previous paper, we argued that the original 29-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Aaron Antonovsky (1923–1994) was insufficient according to its reflection of SOC. The purpose of this study was to create a new version of the original 29-item SOC scale in order to test his hypothesis of a causal link between SOC and physical health. This shorter version was built on the exact same idea, theory, and conceptualization used by Antonovsky, which resulted in a SOC scale containing only 9 abstract questions. These nine questions, in addition to two questions about physical and psychological health, made up a questionnaire answered by 100 people at the entrance hall of the University Medical Center (Rigshospitalet) in Copenhagen. According to Antonovsky’s famous hypothesis, a strong association should be found between SOC and physical health, but surprisingly, we found that the new scale was falsifying the hypothesis, with a correlation between SOC and physical health of only r = 0.044 (NS). However, a highly significant correlation was found with psychological health with r = 0.502 (p=

Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti motinos ir kūdikio santykių darną bei jos komponentų sąsajas salutogenezės požiūriu. Metodai ir tirtųjų kontingentas: Motinos ir kūdikio darnos testas suformuluotas remiantis nepilna (13 klausimų) A. Antonovsky (1987 m.) vidinės darnos jausmo (SOC-Sense of Coherance) skale, kurią sudaro trys komponentai: suprantamumo, kontroliavimo ir prasmingumo jausmai. Tyrimui atrinktos motinos, kurios tyrimo metu augino šešių mėnesių (± 2 sav.) kūdikius. Pagal įrašus registracijos knygose išrašymo iš ligoninės metu parinkti sveiki, išnešioti naujagimiai, gimę 2000 m. spalio-lapkričio mėnesiais devyniuose įvairių Lietuvos miestų gimdymo namuose. Klausimynai paštu išsiųsti 1000 motinų. Gauta 460 anoniminių atsakymų. Atsako dažnis-46,0 proc. Statistinė analizė atlikta taikant SPSS for Windows 10.0. Rezultatai: Taikant Reliability analysis procedūrą, apskaičiuotas testo vidinio patikimumo Cronbach koeficientas a = 0,78. Testas laikytas patikimu. Tyrimas parodė, jog motinos ir kūdikio santykių darna bei atskiri jos komponentai (prasmingumas, suprantamumas, kontroliavimas) siejasi su motinos amžiumi, vaikų skaičiumi šeimoje, išsilavinimu. Vyresnių motinų darna stiprėja (p < 0,01), stipresni ir prasmingumo (p < 0,01), suprantamumo (p < 0,05), kontroliavimo (p < 0,01) komponentai. Didėjantis vaikų skaičius šeimoje taip pat stiprina darną (p < 0,01), suprantamumą (p < 0,01) bei kontroliavimą (p < 0,01). Išvados: Motinos ir kūdikio santykių darna bei jos komponentai (prasmingumas, suprantamumas, kontroliavimas) siejasi su motinos amžiumi, vaikų šeimoje skaičiumi.

Background: Physical activity is crucial for public health; worldwide, across all age groups, exercise has been recognised as a factor that leads to improved health. However, many people do not engage in regular physical activity and hence miss the opportunity to achieve these significant physical and mental health benefits. With the benefits of exercise in mind, the aim of the present study is to describe the experiences of older people’s motivation for participating in and adhering to a group-based exercise intervention in a local community setting. Methods: A qualitative design was used in which semistructured interviews of three men and four women of an advanced age (81–92) were conducted; the participants described their experiences with their participation in and adherence to a long-term group exercise intervention programme in a community setting. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and discussed in light of the salutogenetic theory. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data collection: (1) Experience of health challenges: A meaningful starting point; (2) Adherence motivated by increased life-manageability; (3) Comprehensibility through skilled instruction and (4) Social and professional support enhancing motivation. The participants; who had experienced negative changes to their health and function, as well as to their life situation, chose to sign up for the exercise groups and continued to participate throughout the entire intervention. Attending group exercise sessions meant positive changes to physical, mental and social functions enhancing the participants’ motivation to sustain their attendance and leading to positive behavioural changes that were important to their everyday lives. Conclusion: Essential factors for these participants’ decision to sign up for the exercise groups were the following: having important life areas connected to physical activity in their history and having belief in exercise as an effective way to restore function and coping; as well as having current experience of health challenges. Adherence to the group exercise was associated with better coping and the ability to fulfil roles and keep up with important life areas. Support from family, friends and professionals also contributed, both to the process of signing up, and adhering to this long-term intervention. The professionals’ skills and the way the instructor tailored group instruction were emphasized as very important to the participants’ adherence. Understanding of motivational factors for participation in and adherence to, exercise programmes is of great importance to older people, health professionals and society. The study received funding from Extrastiftelsen: 2017/FO148151 Recepient Irene Vestøl Stødle, Ph.D.Candidate.