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Triticale (Triticosecale) is a hybrid crop which inherited the excellent grain quality and high yield potential of wheat (Triticum spp.) and the good tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses factors of rye (Secale cereale). As an energy crop, triticale has now been used for human food and livestock feed for many years. The main agronomic goal has been to improve the properties of triticale grains over those of wheat, corn, rye, barley, etc., making triticale an attractive option for increasing global food production. This paper discusses the advantages of using triticale as a pig feed.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various dietary meal compositions on production, economic performance and meat quality of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Experimental group (0-I) was fed with a mixture containing 30% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 30% sardines and 5% fish oil. Experimental group 0-II was fed with a combined meal consisting of 75% of fish food pellets and 25% of sardines. The control group (C) was fed with a standard complete pelleted feed. The best result was obtained in group 0-II, while group C achieved results common for local food quality and farming conditions in Serbia. Group 0-I had less productive results compared to group C and group 0-II. Feed used in group 0-II has its own nutritional, biological and economic justification. Use of different fish meals had no significant influence on trout meat chemical composition, except the fat content which was significantly higher in group 0-II. Considering current market prices of fish feed and fish as a final product, the best economic results were achieved by using the combined feed in group 0-II.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various dietary meal compositions on production, economic performance and meat quality of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Experimental group (0-I) was fed with a mixture containing 30% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 30% sardines and 5% fish oil. Experimental group 0-II was fed with a combined meal consisting of 75% of fish food pellets and 25% of sardines. The control group (C) was fed with a standard complete pelleted feed. The best result was obtained in group 0-II, while group C achieved results common for local food quality and farming conditions in Serbia. Group 0-I had less productive results compared to group C and group 0-II. Feed used in group 0-II has its own nutritional, biological and economic justification. Use of different fish meals had no significant influence on trout meat chemical composition, except the fat content which was significantly higher in group 0-II. Considering current market prices of fish feed and fish as a final product, the best economic results were achieved by using the combined feed in group 0-II. U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj ishrane obrokom različitog sastava na proizvodnoekonomske rezultate i kvalitet mesa kalifornijske pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Kontrolna grupa (K) hranjena je standardnom kompletnom peletiranom hranom, ogledna grupa (0-I) hranjena je kombinovanom smešom koja sadrži 30% ribljeg brašna, 35% sojine sačme, 30% sardele i 5% ribljeg ulja, a ogledna grupa 0-II hranjena je kombinovanim obrokom koji je sastavljen od 75% peletirane hrane i 25% sardela. Najbolji rezultat je ostvaren kod 0-II grupe, dok je K grupa postigla rezultate karakteristične za kvalitet domaće hrane i uslove držanja u našoj zemlji, a 0-I grupa imala je slabije proizvodne rezultate u odnosu na K i 0-II grupu. Korišćena hrana kod 0-II grupe ima svoje nutritivno, biološko i ekonomsko opravdanje. Različiti tretmani ishrane nisu bitno uticali na hemijski sastav mesa pastrmki, osim sadržaja masti koji je bio signifikantno viši kod 0-II grupe. Pri važećim tržišnim cenama hraniva i konzumne ribe kao finalnog proizvoda, najbolji ekonomski rezultati postignuti su korišćenjem kombinovanog obroka kod 0-II grupe.

The paper examined the effects of adding a meal of organic forms of selenium broilers on meat quality of broilers. The experiment was conducted on 150 poultry Hubbard provenance divided into 3 groups. Broilers were fed complete feed mixtures for fattening in broilers various standard and chemical composition. During the experiments the first O-I group of broilers was fed the mixture with added organic selenium in the amount of 0.3 ppm, the second O-II, received the food with the addition of 0.6 ppm, and the third experimental O-III with the addition of 0.9 ppm organic selenium. All groups were fed 100 IU receiving vitamin E. At the end of the experiment was carried slaughter broilers and sampling of 6 of carcass from each group as: white and dark meat, liver and heart for chemical analysis (content of selenium, vitamin E, protein, fat and fatty acids). At the end of the experiment was significantly greater (p lt 0.01) content of selenium in relation to other groups, the O-III group in the breast meat 0.61 mg/kg) in the drumstick (0.54 mg/kg) in liver (0.96 mg/kg) and heart (0.48 mg/kg). Content of vitamin E was significantly (p lt 0.01) higher in liver (4.49 mg/kg) O-II and O-III in relation to the O-I group. In experimental groups with increased content of selenium and 100 IU vitamin E was found significant (p lt 0.01) lower fat content (breast, heart), and higher protein content (p lt 0.01) in the liver. The total amount of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids several times was greater in the group with 0.9 mg/kg organic selenium in feed.

Izoflavoni su difenolična jedinjenja male molekulske mase koja spadaju u grupu fitoestrogena i mogu se naći u različitim biljkama, naročito iz familije Fabaceae. Jedan od glavnih izoflavona prisutnih u soji je genistin, koji nakon deglikolizacije prelazi u metabolit genistein, jedinjenje sa estrogenom aktivnošću koje ostvaruje različite antioksidativne, antiinflamatorne, imunomodulatorske, hipolipidemične i antibakterijske efekte. Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita uticaj genisteina u hrani tokom završne i produžene faze tova na proizvodne performanse, zdravstveni status, antioksidativni kapacitet, histomorfološke parametre, mikrobiotu digestivnog trakta i kvalitet i prinos mesa brojlera.Za ogled su korišćeni brojleri Cobb 500 provenijencije, prosečne inicijalne mase 44,11±4,25 g, koji su do 21. dana bili hranjeni potpunim smešama standardnog sirovinskog i hemijskog sastava za ishranu piladi u prvoj (starter) i drugoj (grover) fazi tova. Na početku treće faze tova (finišer) ukupno 360 brojlera je podeljeno u pet grupa (po 72 jedinke) sa po šest bokseva u kojima je bilo raspoređeno po 12 brojlera. Tokom završne faze tova brojleri su bili hranjeni potpunom smešom za tov piladi III na bazi kukuruza i sojine sačme, s tim da kontrolna grupa (K) nije u hranu dobijala preparat genisteina, ogledna grupa I (O-I) je dobijala 200 mg/kg, ogledna grupa II (O-II) 400 mg/kg, ogledna grupa III (O-III) 600 mg/kg i ogledna grupa IV (O-IV) 800 mg/kg hrane preparata 99,6% čistog ekstrakta genisteina. Eksperiment se sastojao iz dva dela: prvi period koji je trajao 21 dan (od 21. do 42. dana tova) i drugi period produženog tova koji je trajao 37 dana (od 21. do 58. dana tova).Pre početka svake faze tova izvršena su hemijska ispitivanja hrane, dok je za potpunu smešu za ishranu piladi III određen i antioksidativni kapacitet. Nakon oba eksperimentalna perioda (42. i 58. dan) praćeni su proizvodni rezultati (telesna masa, prirast, konzumacija, konverzija), određene su mase unutrašnjih organa, biohemijske analize krvi, aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite u jetri, histomorfometrijska ispitivanja segmenata tankog creva, broj Lactobacillus spp. u cekumu, hemijski sastav tibije, parametri prinosa, kvaliteta i održivosti mesa brojlera, kao i ekonomičnost proizvodnje.Potpuna smeša za ishranu brojlera kontrolne i oglednih grupa bila je istog hemijskog sastava, izoenergetska i izoproteinska, dok u hrani oglednih grupa brojlera analitički sadržaj genisteina je bio manji od teoretski dodate količine. FRAP testom nije utvrđena razlika u antioksidativnoj aktivnosti metanolnih uzoraka hrane kontrolne i oglednih grupa brojlera (P>0,05), dok značajno manju sposobnost inhibiranja lipidne peroksidacije su pokazali uzorci hrane u kojoj je dodato 200mg/kg genisteina (P

Cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije vezan je za analizu proizvodnje mesa goveda u zadnjih 25 godina, parametre mesnatosti, hemijskog sastava hrane za životinje, mesa kao i masno kiselinskog sastava hrane za životinje mišićnog i masnog tkiva. Ispitivanja su obavljena na junadima koja su poticala od devet različitih proizvođača, od čega su šest grupa junadi bila muškog pola (pet domaće šareno goveče u tipu simentalca i jedna istočno frizijsko) i tri grupe junadi ženskog pola (domaće šareno goveče u tipu simentalca). Desetu grupu junadi činila su junad otkupljena od privatnih proizvođača. Transport životinja, smeštaj u depou, postupci omamljivanja, klanja, obrade trupa i hlađenja obavljeni su na način karakterističan za industrijske klanice. Rasecanje trupa na četvrti izvršeno je rezom između dvanaestog i trinaestog rebra. Sva merenja (životinja pre klanja, trupova, polutki i četvrti) obavljeno je na način uobičajan za industrijsku klanicu. Za potrebe hemijskih analiza i masno kiselinskog sastava uzorci mišićnog (m. longissimus dorsi) i masnog tkiva (bubrežni loj) uzeti su od po deset ohlađenih trupova od svake grupe.Uzorci su pakovani u plastične kese, obeležavani i do laboratorije transportovani u ručnim frižiderima sa ledom. Do početka analiza uzorci su čuvani pri -18 °C. Od svakog proizvođača ispitivani su parametri od po deset junadi. Uzorci hrane korišćene za ishranu junadi uzimani su u vremenu od mesec dana, svaki peti dan (ukupno šest uzoraka), u odnosima u kojima se uobičajeno za svaku farmu koriste, pakovani u plastične kese i transportovani u laboratoriju. Do početka analize čuvani su pri -18 °C. Od 1985. godine broj goveda u Srbiji smanjen je do 2011. godine za 40%, a ovaj trend smanjenja nastavljen je do 2013. godine. U istom periodu smanjena je i proizvodnja goveđeg mesa za 30%, dok je ukupna proizvodnja mesa smanjena za 25%. Najveće prosečne mase junadi pre klanja, mase toplih i ohlađenih polutki imala su muška junad domaćeg šarenog govečeta u tipu simentalca, ženska, odnosno muška junad iste rase iz otkupa, a najmanje muška junad istočno frizijske rase. Utvrđena je da je randman bio veći kod junadi sa većom masom pre klanja. Kalo hlađenja trupova junadi bio je veoma varijabilan (1,82% do 3,26%)... The aim of the research within this doctoral thesis is related to analysis of production of bovine meat in the last 25 years, conformation parameters, chemical composition of animal feed, meat and fatty acid composition of feed muscle and adipose tissue. Tests were carried out on young bulls that have emanated from nine different manufacturers, of which six groups of heifers were males (five Domestic Spotted Simmental type and one East Friesian) and three groups of young cattle females (Domestic Spotted Simmental type). The tenth group of young bulls accounted for beef cattle purchased by private producers. Transport of animals, accommodation in the depot, the methods of stunning, slaughter, processing and cooling of the hull were carried out in a manner characteristic of the industrial slaughterhouses. Cutting the hull at the fourth section was made between the twelfth and thirteenth ribs. All measurements (of animals before slaughter, carcasses and fourth) was performed in a manner customary for industrial slaughterhouse. For the purposes of chemical analysis and fatty acid composition of muscle samples (m. Longissimus dorsi) and fat (suet) were taken from ten refrigerated carcasses of after each grupe.Uzorci are packed in plastic bags, have labeled and transported to the laboratory in manual fridges with ice. To the beginning of the analysis the samples were stored at -18 ° C. Since each manufacturer tested the parameters of ten heifers. Samples of the food used to feed beef cattle were taken for a period of one month, every fifth day (a total of six samples), in relations where commonly used for each farm, packed in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory. Until analysis were stored at -18 ° C. Since 1985, the number of cattle in Serbia has been reduced to 2011 by 40%, and this trend has continued to decrease in 2013. In the same period was reduced beef production by 30%, while total meat production decreased by 25%. The highest average weight of cattle, masses of hot and chilled carcass had been male cattle domestic spotted cattle of Simmental type, female, or male cattle of the same breed of purchase, at least male cattle east Friesian breed. It was found that the yield was higher in beef cattle with greater weight before slaughter. Chilling of carcasses of heifers was very variable (from under 2% to over 3%)...

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se ispita uticaj konjugovane linolne kiseline (conjugated linoleic acid-CLA) na proizvodne rezultate (potrošnja hrane, prirast, konverzija), parametre mesnatosti (pocenat mesa u trupu) i kvalitet mesa brojlera (hemijski sastav, senzorne osobine, masnokiselinski sastav, uključujući sadržaj CLA, sadržaj malondialdehida). Za ogled su korišćeni brojleri Cobb 500 provenijencije podeljeni u četiri grupe po 30 životinja i hranjeni standardnim smešama po preporuci proizvođača, s tim što su se grupe razlikovale jedino u tome što su ogledne grupe imale u obroku dodat komercijalni preparat konjugovane kiseline, u preporučenoj količini od 2% u smeši u različitim fazama tova (O-I grupa 2% CLA od početka tova, O-II grupa 2% CLA od 11. dana tova, O-III grupa 2% CLA od 22. dana tova) i kontrolna grupa (K grupa) bez dodatka CLA. Smeše su bile izbalansirane i u potpunosti zadovoljavale potrebe životinja u svim fazama tova. Na kraju tova životinje su izmerene, izračunata je potrošena količina hrane, a na klanici uzeti uzorci masnog tkiva i mesa za hemijske analze (hemijski sastav mesa, MDA i masnokiselinski sastav) i senzorne analize. Uzorci mesa bataka sa karabatakom za određivanje sadržaja MDA zamrznuti su pri -18oC. Na klanici su posle rasecanja izmerene mase osnovnih delova (grudi, batak sa karabatakom) trupa. Kod izoenergetskih i izoproteinskih smeša za ishranu brojlera utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih sadržaja zasićenih, mononezasićenih, polinezasićenih, n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između odnosa n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina. Prosečan ukupan sadržaj konjugovane linolne kiseline u smeši za ishranu oglednih grupa brojlera bio je 4,43 %. U hrani za kontrolnu grupu brojlera nije utvrđeno prisustvo konjugovane linolne kiseline. Na početku tova, a zatim na kraju prve i druge faze tova, kao i na kraju tova nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih masa ispitivanih grupa brojlera. Prosečan prirast za ceo period tova bio je najveći kod O-I grupe a najmanji kod K grupe brojlera, dok je ukupna konzumacija bila najveća kod K grupe a najmanja kod O-I grupe. Konverzija hrane bila je najbolja kod O-I grupe a najlošija kod kontrolne grupe brojlera. Prosečne mase trupova pre i posle hlađenja, zatim prosečne mase grudi i prosečne mase bataka sa karabatakom kao i njihova zastupljenost u masi trupa nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale između poređenih grupa brojlera. Takođe nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između prosečnih masa, odnosno učešća mesa u grudima, odnosno bataku sa karabatakom ispitivanih grupa brojlera. Između prosečnih pH vrednosti, odnosno prosečnih temperatura mesa merenih nakon 45 minuta, odnosno posle 24 sata od klanja nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike... The main objective of research under this doctoral thesis was to investigate the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on performance (feed consumption, weight gain, conversion), the parameters of leanness (pocenat meat in the carcass) and meat quality of broilers (chemical composition, sensory characteristics, fatty acid composition including the content of CLA and content of malondialdehyde). For the experiment used broilers Cobb 500 provenience divided into four groups of 30 animals and fed standard diets as recommended by the manufacturer, provided that the groups differed only in the fact that the experimental group had a meal added to a commercial preparation of conjugated acid, the recommended amount of 2% in the mixture at different stages of production (O-I group 2% CLA since the beginning of the fattening period, O-II group 2% CLA of 11. days of fattening, O-III group 2% CLA of 22.days of fattening) and control (K group) without the addition of CLA. Mixtures were balanced and fully meet the needs of animals in all stages of this. At the end of fattening animals are weighed, calculated the amount of food consumed, and at the slaughterhouse sampled fat and meat for chemical analze (chemical composition of meat MDA and fatty acid composition) and sensory analysis. Samples of drumstick with thigh for determination of MDA were frozen at -18°C. At the slaughterhouse, the meat preservation after the measured weight of the basic parts (breast, drumstickwith thigh) carcass. In meal for broilers, balanced on the energy and protein content,were found statistically significant differences between average content of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. There was a statistically significant difference between the ratios of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Average total content of conjugated linoleic acid in the mixture for feeding experimental group of broilers was 4.43%. The feed of the control group was not detected conjugated linoleic acid. At the beginning of this, and then at the end of the first and second phases of fattening, as at the end of fattening there were no statistically significant differences between the average mass of examined groups of broilers. Average growth for the whole fattening period was highest in O-I group and the lowest in K group of broilers, while the total consumption was highest in K group and the lowest in O-I group. Feed conversion was the best in O-I group and the worst in the control group of chickens. Average carcass weight before and after cooling, then the average breast weight and the average weight of drumsticks with thighs as well as their representation in carcass weight did not significantly differ between the examined groups of broilers. There was also no statistically significant difference between the average weight and participation in breast meat and drumsticks with thighs examined groups of broilers. Between average pH value and the average temperature of meat measured after 45 minutes and after 24 hours of slaughter were no statistically significant differences...

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je bio ispitivanje efekata primene CLA na proizvodne rezultate svinja u tovu (dnevna potrošnja hrane, dnevni prirast, konverzija). Od posebnog značaja su rezultati uticaja CLA na parametre prinosa mesa (debljina leđne slanine, procenat mesa u trupu, količina mesa u trupu), parametre kvaliteta mesa (hemijski i masnokiselinski sastav, pH, mramoriranost, boja, senzorne osobine) i proizvoda od mesa kao što su fermentisane kobasice, hladno dimljeni vrat i hladno dimljena slanina. Stoga ispitivanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije ukazuju i na uticaj CLA u ishrani svinja na parametre kvaliteta odabranih proizvoda od mesa. Za ogled su korištene svinje od majki meleza jorkšira i landrasa, a oca durok, sa početnom telesnom masom od 60 kg. Svinje su podeljene u dve ogledne grupe od po 20 svinja i hranjene standardnom smešom (NRC, 1998) za završni tov svinja od 60-100 kg (finišer), s tim što su se grupe razlikovale jedino u tome što je ogledna grupa imala u obroku preparat Lutalin ® proizvođača BASF (Nemačka), u količini od 2% u smeši. Za ispitivanja su korišćene standardne i priznate metode. Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih sadržaja zasićenih, mononezasićenih, polinezasićenih, n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina u hrani za svinje. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između odnosa n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina. Prosečan ukupan sadržaj konjugovane linolne kiseline u smeši za ishranu ogledne grupe svinja bio je 5,12±0,01%. U hrani za kontrolnu grupu svinja nije utvrđeno prisustvo konjugovane linolne kiseline.Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečne dnevne potrošnje hrane, dnevnog prirasta i konzumacije hrane između kontrolne i ogledne grupe svinja. Konverzija hrane bila je veća kod kontrolne grupe svinje.Na početku i na kraju tova mase kontrolnih i oglednih grupa svinja bile su ujednačene. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečne mase ohlađenih polutki, randmana, zbira debljine leđne slanine i procenta mesa u trupu oglednih i kontrolnih grupa svinja. Između pH vrednosti merene posle 60 minuta, odnosno merenih 24, 48 i 72 sata posle klanja nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih temperatura 60 minuta posle klanja, a takođe nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između između prosečnih senzornih ocena boje, odnosno mramoriranosti mesa. Između prosečnih vrednosti sposobnosti vezivanja vode mesa ogledne i kontrolne grupe svinja nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike... The main goal of research for this study was to investigate the effects of CLA on the performance of fattening pigs (daily food consumption, daily gain, conversion). Of significant importance are the results of the effect of CLA on the parameters of meat yield (backfat thickness, meat percentage in the carcass, the amount of meat in the trunk), meat quality parameters (chemical and fatty acid composition, pH, marbling, color, sensory characteristics) and meat products: sausages, cold-smoked ham and cold smoked bacon. Therefore tests within this dissertation shows the effects of CLA in the diet for pigs on quality parameters of selected meat products. Crossbred pigs, from mothers Yorkshire and Landrace, Duroc and father, with an initial body weight of 60 kg, were used in this study. The pigs were divided into two experimental groups of 20 pigs fed at a standard mixture (NRC, 1998) for the final fattening pigs of 60-100 kg (finisher), except that the groups differed only in that the experimental group had in the meal composition Lutalin®, manufacturer BASF (Germany), in an amount of 2% in the mixture. For tests were used standard and recognized methods. Significant differences between the average content of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in food for pigs. There was a statistically significant difference between the ratio of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. The average total content of conjugated linoleic acid in the mixture for feeding pigs of the experimental group was 5.12 ± 0.01%. in the diet for control group the conjugated linoleic acid were not detected. There was no statistically significant difference between the average daily food consumption, daily gain and feed intake between the control and experimental groups of pigs. Feed conversion ratio was higher in the control group pigs. At the beginning and end of that weight control and experimental groups of pigs were consistent. There were no statistically significant differences between the average mass of cooled carcass, dressing percentage, of the sum of backfat thickness and meat percentage in the carcass of experimental and control groups of pigs. Between pH values measured after 60 minutes, and measured 24, 48 and 72 hours after slaughter there were no significant differences. There were no statistically significant differences between the average temperature 60 minutes after slaughter, and also showed no statistically significant difference between the average sensory score between color and marbling of meat...

Istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije odnosila su se na analizu trenda u proizvodnji živinskog mesa u Srbiji, zatim uporednu analizu mesnatosti trupova (masa trupova pre i posle hlađenja, masa i zastupljenost osnovnih delova u masi trupa, ispitivanja zastupljenosti mesa kostiju i kože u vrednijim delovima trupa), odabranih parametara kvaliteta mesa (hemijski i fizički) brojlera različitih provenijencija i sa različitih farmi u Srbiji obzirom na razlike u genetskoj osnovi, razlike u ishrani, u uslovima držanja. U poslednjih 25 godina ukupna proizvodnja mesa pa i proizvodnja živinskom mesa u Srbiji je znatno smanjena. U Srbiji je u tovu brojlera najzastupljenija provenijencija Cobb, zatim Ross i Hubbard. U ovom periodu smanjeno je i učešće proizvodnje živinskog mesa u ukupnoj proizvodnji mesa. Prosečne mase trupova brojlera kako pre tako i posle hlađenja su se unutar sve tri ispitivane provenijencije brojlera u većini slučajeva poređenja statistički značajno razlikovale. Utvrđeno je da je prosečna masa trupova provenijencije Cobb bila statistički značajno veća od prosečnih masa trupova brojlera provenijencije Ross, odnosno Hubbard. Kalo hlađenja ispitivanih grupa brojlera bio je veoma varijabilan što je, pre svega, rezultat različite tehnologije hlađenja trupova. Prosečne mase važnijih delova trupa (grudi, batak sa karabatakom) unutar ispitivane tri provenijencije bile su u većini slučajeva poređenja statistički značajno različite. Brojleri provenijencije Cobb imali su statistički značajno veću masu grudi od mase grudi provenijencije Ross odnosno, Hubbard. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih masa bataka sa karabatakom brojlera tri različite provenijencije. Prosečno učešće mase grudi u masi trupa imalo je sledeći opadajući niz: Cobb > Ross > Hubbard a mase bataka sa karabatakom: Hubbard > Ross > Cobb... The research within this dissertation concerned the analysis of the trend in poultry meat production in Serbia, a comparative analysis of carcass meatiness (warm and cold carcass weight, the weight and proportion of the main parts in carcass weight, proportion of bones and skin in valuable parts of carcass), the selected meat quality parameters (chemical and physical) of broilers of different provenances and from different farms in Serbia due to differences in genetic, diet and housing conditions. In the last 25 years, the total meat production as well as poultry meat production in Serbia has been significantly reduced. In Serbia the most common provenance of broilers is Cobb and then Ross and Hubbard. In this period has been reduced the proportion of poultry meat production in total meat production. Average warm and cold carcass weight of broilers were within all three broiler provenances in most cases significantly different. It was found that the average carcass weight of provenance Cobb was significantly higher than provenance Ross or Hubbard. Carcass weight loss of examined groups of broilers was highly variable, which is primarily a result of different cooling technologies. The average weights of main carcass parts (breast, drumstick with thigh) within three provenances were in most cases significantly different. Broilers of Cobb provenance had significantly higher breast weight compared to provenance Ross and Hubbard. There was no significant difference in drumstick with thigh weight among three different provenance. The average proportion of breast weight in total carcass weight had the following descending order: Cobb > Ross > Hubbard and for drumstick with thigh weight: Hubbard > Ross > Cobb. The highest average weight as well as the largest proportion of meat in the breast and in drumstick with thigh was found in broilers of provenance Cobb, then Ross, and at least in broilers of provenance Hubbbard...

U radu su ispitivani efekti dodavanja povećanih količina organskog oblika selena obroku brojlera, na proizvodne karakteristike, kvalitet mesa i sadržaj selena u fecesu. Ogled je izveden na ukupno 275 jedinki i trajao je 42 dana. Podeljen je u dve faze. U prvoj fazi (do 21. dana) su pilad podeljena na kontrolnu, K (bez dodatka Se), oglednu O-I grupu (do 21. dana brojleri su dobijali u hrani 0,3 mg/kg organskog oblika Se) i oglednu O-II grupu (brojleri su kroz hranu dobijali od 1. dana 0,9 mg/kg organskog oblika Se do kraja ogleda). U drugoj fazi ogleda, od 21. do 42. dana, ogled je imao pet grupa: K, O-II ogledna grupa (koja je nastavila i posle 21. dana da dobija 0,9 mg/kg Se) a od grupe O-I formirane su O-Ia (dobijala je hranom 0,3 mg/kg Se), O-Ib (0,6 mg/kg Se) i O-Ic grupa (0,9 mg/kg Se). Za vreme trajanja ogleda su praćeni proizvodni parametri (telesna masa, prirast, konverzija hrane) i zdravstveno stanje. Brojleri su hranjeni potpunim smešama za ishranu piladi u tovu standardnog sirovinskog i hemijskog sastava. Kontrolna merenja telesne mase i konzumirane hrane vršena su na kraju svake faze ogleda. Prvog dana ogleda kod brojlera uzet je zbirni uzorak krvi radi utvrđivanja aktivnosti glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i sadržaja selena u plazmi. Na kraju prve faze ogleda (21. dana) kao i na kraju ogleda (42. dana), uzeti su uzorci krvi za određivanje aktivnosti GPx i sadržaja selena u plazmi. Uzorci fecesa su uzeti na polovini ogleda (21. dana) kao i na kraju ogleda (42. dana) iz svih oglednih grupa za određivanje sadržaja selena u fecesu. Na kraju ogleda, 42. dana, brojleri su transportovani u klanicu i posle pojedinačnog merenja obavljeno je klanje, primarna obrada, hlađenje, merenje ohlađenih trupova, utvrđivanje randmana, rasecanje na osnovne delove i uzimanje uzoraka grudi i bataka sa karabatakom za ispitivanje kvaliteta mesa. Sa povećanjem sadržaja selena u hrani povećava se i aktivnost GPx u krvnoj plazmi brojlera kao i sadržaj selena u krvnoj plazmi i fecesu i 21. i 42.dana tova. Telesna masa brojlera 21. dana, kao i na kraju tova bila je veća kod brojlera kod kojih je sadržaj selena u hrani bio veći (0,9 mg/kg). Na kraju ogleda prosečan dnevni prirast bio je najveći kod oglednih grupa koje su u hrani dobijale povećanu količinu selena... This paper examined the effects of broilers diet supplementation with higher quantities of organic selenium on performances, meat quality and content of selenium in the feces. The trial was conducted on a total of 275 broilers and lasted 42 days. It was divided into two phases. In the first phase (up to 21 days) broilers were divided into control, K (without added selenium), O-I experimental group (up to 21st day chickens were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of organic Se) and experimental group II-O (broilers were fed from the first day with 0.9 mg/kg of organic form to the end of the experiment). In the second phase of the trial, from 21st to 42nd days, the trial had five groups: K, O-II treatment group (who continued after 21st days to receive 0.9 mg/kg Se) and from O-I group were formed O-Ia (supplemented 0.3 mg/Se kg in the diet), O-lb (0.6 mg/kg Se) and O-Ic group (0.9 mg/kg Se). During the trial were monitored health status and performances (body weight, daily gain, feed intake, feed gain ratio). Broilers were fed a complete feed for broilers: these feed were of standard ingredients and chemical content. Control measurements of body weight and feed intake were carried out at the end of each phase of the trial. On the first day of the trial in broiler composite sample of blood was taken to determine the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and selenium content in blood plasma. At the end of the first phase of the trial (21st day) and at the end of the experiment (42nd day), blood samples were taken for determination of GPx activity and selenium content in blood plasma. Faecal samples were taken in the middle (21st day) and at the end of the trial (42nd day) from all experimental groups to determine the selenium content in feces. At the end of the trial (42nd day), broilers are transported to the slaughterhouse after a single measurement was performed slaughtering and primary processing, refrigeration, measurement of cooled carcass yield determination, cutting the main parts of the sampling breasts and drumsticks with thighs to examine the quality of meat. With increase of selenium content in diet increases the activity of GPx activity in blood plasma of broilers and selenium content in blood plasma and feces at 21st and 42nd day of trial. Body weight of broilers 21st day, and the end of the experiment was higher in broilers where the selenium content in feed was higher (0.9 mg/kg)...

The research within this dissertation concerned the analysis of the trend in poultry meat production in Serbia, a comparative analysis of carcass meatiness (warm and cold carcass weight, the weight and proportion of the main parts in carcass weight, proportion of bones and skin in valuable parts of carcass), the selected meat quality parameters (chemical and physical) of broilers of different provenances and from different farms in Serbia due to differences in genetic, diet and housing conditions. In the last 25 years, the total meat production as well as poultry meat production in Serbia has been significantly reduced. In Serbia the most common provenance of broilers is Cobb and then Ross and Hubbard. In this period has been reduced the proportion of poultry meat production in total meat production. Average warm and cold carcass weight of broilers were within all three broiler provenances in most cases significantly different. It was found that the average carcass weight of provenance Cobb was significantly higher than provenance Ross or Hubbard. Carcass weight loss of examined groups of broilers was highly variable, which is primarily a result of different cooling technologies. The average weights of main carcass parts (breast, drumstick with thigh) within three provenances were in most cases significantly different. Broilers of Cobb provenance had significantly higher breast weight compared to provenance Ross and Hubbard. There was no significant difference in drumstick with thigh weight among three different provenance. The average proportion of breast weight in total carcass weight had the following descending order: Cobb > Ross > Hubbard and for drumstick with thigh weight: Hubbard > Ross > Cobb. The highest average weight as well as the largest proportion of meat in the breast and in drumstick with thigh was found in broilers of provenance Cobb, then Ross, and at least in broilers of provenance Hubbbard... Istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije odnosila su se na analizu trenda u proizvodnji živinskog mesa u Srbiji, zatim uporednu analizu mesnatosti trupova (masa trupova pre i posle hlađenja, masa i zastupljenost osnovnih delova u masi trupa, ispitivanja zastupljenosti mesa kostiju i kože u vrednijim delovima trupa), odabranih parametara kvaliteta mesa (hemijski i fizički) brojlera različitih provenijencija i sa različitih farmi u Srbiji obzirom na razlike u genetskoj osnovi, razlike u ishrani, u uslovima držanja. U poslednjih 25 godina ukupna proizvodnja mesa pa i proizvodnja živinskom mesa u Srbiji je znatno smanjena. U Srbiji je u tovu brojlera najzastupljenija provenijencija Cobb, zatim Ross i Hubbard. U ovom periodu smanjeno je i učešće proizvodnje živinskog mesa u ukupnoj proizvodnji mesa. Prosečne mase trupova brojlera kako pre tako i posle hlađenja su se unutar sve tri ispitivane provenijencije brojlera u većini slučajeva poređenja statistički značajno razlikovale. Utvrđeno je da je prosečna masa trupova provenijencije Cobb bila statistički značajno veća od prosečnih masa trupova brojlera provenijencije Ross, odnosno Hubbard. Kalo hlađenja ispitivanih grupa brojlera bio je veoma varijabilan što je, pre svega, rezultat različite tehnologije hlađenja trupova. Prosečne mase važnijih delova trupa (grudi, batak sa karabatakom) unutar ispitivane tri provenijencije bile su u većini slučajeva poređenja statistički značajno različite. Brojleri provenijencije Cobb imali su statistički značajno veću masu grudi od mase grudi provenijencije Ross odnosno, Hubbard. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih masa bataka sa karabatakom brojlera tri različite provenijencije. Prosečno učešće mase grudi u masi trupa imalo je sledeći opadajući niz: Cobb > Ross > Hubbard a mase bataka sa karabatakom: Hubbard > Ross > Cobb...