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Textile (cotton) dust, which is harmful to humans and the environment, is one of the largest wastes in the textile industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of this waste in high value-added materials. Physical and mechanical properties and formaldehyde emissions of the three-layered particleboards with textile (cotton) dust in the middle layer were investigated in this study. A phenol formaldehyde resin was used as the binder in particleboard production. Four different amounts of textile dust (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) based on the oven-dried weight of the wood were obtained from a commercial textile manufacturer as industrial waste. The density, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and formaldehyde emissions of the produced panels were determined. The physical and mechanical properties and formaldehyde emissions of the particleboards were negatively affected, which decreased with the addition of a high amount of textile powder. At low rates, the use of textile dust in the middle layer did not significantly decrease the particleboard properties. Textile dust can be a partial solution for the raw material demand of the wood-based panel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anatomical and chemical structures of wood on the quality properties of particleboard containing different mixture of wood species. Urea–formaldehyde adhesive was used as a binder for manufacturing of test panels. Anatomical and chemical properties of wood species, and physical and mechanical properties particleboards were evaluated. The anatomical and chemical structures were found to be effective on the all of the properties of particleboards. Panels made from the particles including more amount of pine wood had highest mechanical strength properties and lowest thickness swelling values. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, acidity and solubility values (in hot–cold water, dilute alkali and alcohol benzene) of wood significantly affected all of the properties of particleboards. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed statistically differences related to the length, thickness and number of the cells and fibers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to investigate surface characteristics, physical (thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength) properties, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard composite, as affected by moisture content of wood. Three-layered particleboard panels manufactured from wood particles at five different moisture contents (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 95%). Roughness measurements, average roughness (Ra ), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz ), and maximum roughness (Ry ), were taken from the sanded samples along and across the sandmarks using a fine stylus tracing technique. Contact angle measurements were obtained by using a goniometer connected with a digital camera and computer system. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the surface roughness, contact angle, formaldehyde emission, physical and mechanical properties of the panels following moisture content. Based on the findings obtained from this study, an increase or decrease in the moisture content of wood beyond a certain limit, before chipping operations, negatively affected the wettability and smoothness of particles, and formaldehyde emission, physical and mechanical properties of particleboards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was to determine some technological properties of particleboard made from the waste from window joints. The effect of board density, adhesive amount, and paint presence on the properties of particleboard was investigated. Increasing density and adhesive amount significantly improved their mechanical properties and surface roughness, but negatively affected their thickness swelling. Removing of the paint from the particle resulted in better mechanical properties, but poorer (higher) surface roughness values. This treatment did not statistically affect the thickness swelling. Based on the results, it is proved that the waste of window joints has a potential as raw material for the manufacture of particleboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the effects of amount of hardener on some of the physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard were determined. Variable factor was hardener use amount (0.40%, 0.60%, 0.80%, 1.0% and 1.5% for outer layers, and 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5% for core layer, based on the solid weight of the adhesive). Manufacturing parameters such as type of adhesive (urea formaldehyde), hydrophobic substance (paraffin), hardener (ammonium sulphate), target board density (0.635g/cm3), pressure (25kg/cm2), press temperature (225°C), press time (100s) were held constant. The panels were tested for their mechanical properties including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding strength (IB) and physical property (thickness swelling (TS)) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) standard. While the mechanical and physical properties were improved as amount of hardener increased from 0.40% to 1% for outer layers and 1.5% to 3% for core layer, increasing amount of hardener to 1.5% for outer layers and 3.5% for core layer negatively affected these properties. Increasing amount of hardener from 0.8% to 1.0% for outer layers and 2.5% to 3.0% for core layer did not significantly affect all of the properties of particleboard panels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study evaluated influence of press temperature and press time on scratch and abrasion resistance of particle board panels overlaid by melamine resin impregnated paper. Three-layer experimental particleboard panels were made from mixed particles of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.), poplar (Populus tremula L.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with an average density of 0.75 g/cm³. Panels were overlaid by melamine impregnated papers using temperature levels of 170, 185, and 205 °C and press times ranging from 18 to 46 s. Both scratch and abrasion resistance of the specimens were determined employing two different apparatus. Based on the findings of work both properties of the samples increased with increasing press time for each press temperature level. It appears that increasing press temperature from 185 °C to 205 °C did not make any significant difference on scratch and abrasion resistance of the panels that were pressed using various press times at 95% confidence level. It was found that 170 ³C press temperature and 46 s press time resulted in the best characteristics of overlaid samples. It was also determined that effect of melamine resin pick-up ranging from 30% to 60% was an important parameter on both properties of the samples mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated some of the important physical (thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) properties of single-layer particleboard panels made from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.), waste of grass clippings (Lolium perenne L.) and combinations of the two. The chemical properties (pH, holocelluse and alpha cellulose contents, and water, alcohol–benzene and 1% sodium hydroxide solubilities) of the raw materials were also determined. Panels with a 6:94 ratio of grass-to-eucalyptus particles had the required mechanical properties for interior fitments including furniture and general uses. Boards manufactured with 100% grass clippings exhibited the lowest quality. The overall panel properties improved with a lower percentage of grass clippings added. Based on initial results, it also appears that grass should compose no more than 13% to achieve acceptable panel properties for interior fitments and general uses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, the effects of décor paper grammage (weight per unit area) and adhesive type on the tearing index, breaking length, and mechanical (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) of the decorative papers, and surface quality (abrasion resistance) properties of the overlaid particleboard panels were investigated. As the raw décor paperweight was increased, the properties of the paper, and mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of the overlaid panels were significantly improved. It appears that the décor paper grammage is the parameter, other than scratch resistance, which determines the end use of the particleboard surfaces with décor paper. While the adhesive type was found to influence the abrasion resistance, it did not statistically affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. In addition, melamine formaldehyde caused better abrasion resistance than did the urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]