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This study presents a novel approach utilizing solvothermal techniques to synthesize zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐4) particles. Various properties of the ZIF‐4 particles are investigated to shed light on the structural and morphological characteristics. These ZIF‐4 particles act as a positive triboelectric layer in the fabrication of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) designed for powering electronic devices. The solvothermal‐assisted synthesis ensures the controlled and efficient production of ZIF‐4, optimizing its characteristics for enhanced performance in the TENG. The generated TENG, based on ZIF‐4 particles, determines promising capabilities in converting mechanical energy into electrical power. The highest power of TENG is obtained to be 18 μW at a load resistance of 50 MΩ. This work contributes major insights to the search for sustainable and effective power solutions for electronic gadgets. It emphasizes the potential of ZIF‐4 as a crucial triboelectric material, demonstrating its importance in the advancement of TENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The naturally available cyclodextrin has opened up a wide range of research avenues because of its superior characteristics such as being non‐toxic, biocompatible, and edible. The cyclodextrin is the green multifunctional material that can add to the triboelectric series and extend its self‐powered applications. The ultrasonic synthesized cyclodextrin metal–organic framework (CD‐MOF) designed using sodium as a metal ion and cyclodextrin as a ligand for the triboelectric nanogenerator is reported. The various detailed characterizations of the CD‐MOFs give an insight into the properties of the synthesized material. The Kelvin probe force microscopy suggests three types of CD‐MOFs, exhibiting a positive potential. As per the surface potential, the output of the various CD‐MOF based TENG is varied as alpha CD MOF/Teflon > gamma CD‐MOF/Teflon > beta CD‐MOF/Teflon. The alpha CD MOF/Teflon TENG produces an electrical output of 152 V, 1.2 μA, and 14.3 nC, respectively. The fabricated device output is utilized for powering numerous low‐power electronics through a capacitor and bridge rectifier circuit. The multiunit Z‐shaped TENG device is attached to various surfaces such as the shoe heel and the backside of the school bag, and the corresponding energy harvesting response is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Green Metal-Organic Framework-Cyclodextrin MOF: A Novel Multifunctional Material Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Highly Efficient Mechanical Energy Harvesting (Adv. Funct. Keywords: cyclodextrin; metal-organic framework; self-powered applications; triboelectrics EN cyclodextrin metal-organic framework self-powered applications triboelectrics 1 1 1 07/10/21 20210709 NES 210709 In article number 2101829, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda, Hoe Joon Kim, and co-workers demonstrate the application of cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF), a green multifunctional material, to the electrifying layer of a multi-unit triboelectric nanogenerator. Cyclodextrin, metal-organic framework, self-powered applications, triboelectrics. [Extracted from the article]

Humidity sensing is a critical parameter for various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare and food packaging. Traditional humidity sensors show respectable sensitivity but suffer from a shorter battery life span and slow response time. However, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has emerged as a promising alternative for humidity sensing, offering superior performance and compatibility with various substrates. TENGs can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy without needing an external power source. This unique feature makes TENG a promising platform for self-powered environmental sensors. In this context, synthesizing biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) material and using it for a humidity sensing layer represents a significant step toward advancing next-generation sensors. This study presents a biocompatible PDA-incorporated 3D-printed TENG for self-powered humidity sensing. The output voltage and current of the multi-unit TENG is measured to be 90 V and 2.4 μA, respectively. The TENG demonstrates a sensitivity of 1.55 V/10 RH% over the relative humidity range from 25 % to 92 %. As humidity increases, the resistance of the humidity sensor decreases, resulting in a reduction in electrical voltage output. TENG has potential applications in various fields and could be a promising candidate for next-generation humidity sensors. • Polydopamine is self-adhesive and biocompatible. • TENG is capable of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. • TENG has a linear sensitivity of 1.55 V/10 RH% throughout an RH range of 25–92 %. • Battery-free humidity sensors could be used in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiFe 2 O 4 is synthesized by solid state reaction and flexible PDMS-NFO composite is formed. • The PN12 device produce voltage of 60 V and current of 300 nA. • X-ray tomographic microscopy images of PDMS-NFO composite is illustrated. • Smart home-based energy harvesting in daily life is demonstrated. Energy harvesting technologies are becoming popular owing to their usage in the operation of low-power consumer electronics and as an alternative power source. Specifically, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have drawn much attention as they can efficiently scavenge waste mechanical energy into electrical output. Careful material selections can further improve the performance of TENGs. In this work, a spinel ferrite material with the chemical formula NiFe 2 O 4 (NFO abbreviated further) is synthesized using a solid-state reaction route. The structural and magnetic property of the NFO has been studied, showing the cubic symmetry and ferromagnetic nature of the sample. The 3D tomography images of the PDMS-NFO composites were carried out using X-ray tomographic microscopy. To enhance the performance of the TENGs, we adopted a porous media by evaporation of water during the curing process of PDMS-NFO composites. A single-electrode operating mode was adopted for TENG fabrication. The electrical response of the device was carried out using different wt% and frequencies. The 12 wt% of NFO in PDMS (PN12 device) delivered a voltage, current, and charge of 60 V, 300 nA, and 34 nC, respectively. The charge density of the plain and porous composite-based TENG was compared to confirm the enhancement of the charge produced on the triboelectric layers. The commercial capacitors and energy harvesting based on a smart home were demonstrated using the TENG devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ion Injection by ion gun can instantly increase the output of triboelectric nanogenerator. • Cilia microstructure can improve the electrical performance of triboelectric nanogenerator. • A simple single electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator is designed. • Biomechanical energy harvesting and powering low-power electronics are demonstrated. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) can convert the waste mechanical energy into useful electrical energy and act as a sustainable power source for micro/nanoelectronics. The utilization of advanced surface designs and materials compositions can further enhance the performance of TENGs. A single-electrode mode TENG with cilia microstructures (C-TENG, abbreviated further) was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane-carbonyl iron (PDMS-Fe) composite by using a simple and fast magnetic field-guided method and its energy harvesting performance was evaluated. The structures, electrical properties, and surface roughness were compared between the flat and cilia-formed PDMS-Fe composites. The single-electrode mode TENG based on PDMS-Fe 10 wt% gives an open-circuit voltage of 70 V, the peak to peak current output of 250nA, and the power density of 2.75 μW/cm2 at 30 MΩ. Further, the ion injection was applied to the PDMS-Fe 10 wt% composite films using an antistatic gun, and it doubles the voltage output of the device. C-TENG can convert biomechanical energy (i.e. wind blowing and finger tapping) into an electrical output. In addition, the powering of a calculator was showed by charging a commercial capacitor using a bridge rectifier circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Argon Ion Implantation on kapton is a more rigid and reliable technology. • Metal oxides such as zinc oxide add up to extend the conventional triboelectric series. • A simple vertical contact separate triboelectric nanogenerator is designed. • Biomechanical energy and powering low-power electronics is demonstrated. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a widely used energy-harvesting unit for self-power applications. The electrical output performance of the TENG could be significantly improved by ion implantation and explore new triboelectric materials beyond the conventional triboelectric series. In this present work, the phase pure hydrothermally synthesized ZnO particles, argon ion-implanted Kapton acted as a positive triboelectric layer while pure Kapton behaved as a negative triboelectric layer. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) were performed to investigate the surface roughness and surface potential of the triboelectric materials utilized in vertical contact mode TENG (I-TENG, abbreviated further). The elemental mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggested successful Argon-ion implantation upon Kapton. Finally, the I-TENG device was subjected to various forces to systematically depict its electrical output responses and power up a wrist-watch and calculator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]