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[Display omitted] • The friction properties and wear mechanisms of conductive terminals are analysed. • Conductivity of different terminals when carrying current friction is compared. • Wear rate of conductive terminals at alternating low temperatures be compared. • Wear properties of three different coating conductive terminals are illuminated. This paper explores the wear and tribology performance of three types of terminals, each coated with a different metallic surface (gold, silver, tin), in an environment of fluctuating temperatures. As integral elements of electronic connectors, these terminals are essential for maintaining stable contact resistance, which is crucial to the safety of the entire electrical system. The study reveals that the friction coefficients of the coated terminals are lower at low temperatures compared to ambient temperature. Furthermore, the cooler conditions help maintain more consistent contact resistance. Specifically, the terminals with gold coating mainly experience adhesive and abrasive wear during initial low plug/pull tests, with adhesive wear becoming more dominant in later stages. In contrast, terminals with silver coating primarily suffer from abrasive wear, while those coated with tin tend to show predominantly adhesive wear during initial plug/pull cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal wear can occur at the anchor joint section of a rigid catenary in metro vehicles. This study aims to compare the impact of the contact wire distance at the anchor joint section on the wear mechanism between the contact wires and the carbon skateboard. The findings indicate that contact pairs with a reduced center distance of contact wires exhibited lower contact stress and displayed minimal fluctuations in the dynamic contact force, and the coefficient of friction increased after decreasing. The wear rate demonstrates an inverse correlation with the center distance of the contact wires. Furthermore, the electrical contact resistance continuously increases as the slip distance increases. • Analyzed the effect of contact wire distance on the current-carrying wear property. • Illuminated the effect of contact wire distance on dynamic contact stress. • Discussed the influence mechanism of dynamic contact force. • Comparing the wear morphology and wear rate of tested contact pairs. • Clarified the influence mechanism of sliding distance on the oxide layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interconnection of the conductive rail for intercity trains involves multiple sections of steel rails. The presence of gaps in the joints between these steel rails greatly impacts the efficacy of current transmission in collector–conductor rail systems. A total of nine joints with different inclined angles and widths were devised to investigate the influencing characteristics of gaps on the current–carrying friction of carbon skateboards/conductive rail contact. The nine joints were tested by using a pin-disc current–carrying friction tester to evaluate the wear performance of different contact pairs. The findings indicated that the presence of gaps in conductor rail joints resulted in a decrease in the coefficient of friction, but an increase in the electrical contact resistance. Furthermore, these gaps substantially impacted the wear rate of carbon skateboards. Specifically, when the gap width was 1.5 mm, the influence of the inclined angle of the gaps on the electrical contact resistance diminished. Additionally, the gap characterized by a width of 0.5 mm and an inclined angle of 90° exhibited a comparatively reduced influence on the wear performance of the contact pairs. • Analysed the evolution of wear mechanism of contact pairs with gaps. • Current–carrying performance of different contact pairs with gaps was compared. • The wear morphology of carbon skateboards under different conditions is compared. • Indicate the influence of different gaps to current-carrying friction property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of power current on the friction performance of carbon brushes/disc contact. A unique current impact test was conducted to analyze the impact of different current impact conditions, including impact current, duration, and frequency. The study identified rapid changes in the friction coefficient, electrical contact resistance, and interface temperature rise as the results of instantaneous current impact. The range analysis method was utilized to determine the primary and secondary order of current impact conditions in evaluating the wear properties of the carbon brushes/disc contact. Prolonged current impact duration led to adhesive wear of the interface, while a higher current density worsened the breakdown and melting effects of the oxide membrane between the contact surfaces. • Analysed the influence of current-impact to friction property and wear mechanism. • Influence of primary and secondary are discussed for different impact conditions. • Comparing the wear rate and interface temperature performance of contact pairs. • Influence mechanism of the current-impact on the oxide membrane was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The friction properties and wear mechanisms of conductive terminals are analysed. • Conductivity of different terminals when carrying current friction is compared. • Wear rate of conductive terminals at low temperatures be compared and discussed. • Wear properties of three different coating conductive terminals are illuminated. In this paper, the electrical contact sliding wear and tribology properties of three kinds of surface coating (gold, silver, and tin) terminals at low temperature (-20 ℃) were studied by a reciprocating current-carrying friction tester. By comparing the wear performance response of different conductive terminals under different current conditions, it was found that an increase in current leads to large fluctuations in the coefficient of friction and increases the wear degree on the terminal surface. The electrical contact resistance also increases with increasing current. The surface gold-coating terminals mainly experience adhesive wear in the wear test, the surface of silver-coating terminals mainly experience abrasive wear during the friction test, and the tin-coating terminals mainly experience adhesive wear and a small amount of abrasive wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current collector-third rail systems are often used for power transmission in intercity rail trains. To improve the material matching performance of carbon skateboard/contact rails, three different contact pairs (powder metallurgy carbon skateboard/stainless steel, copper-impregnated carbon skateboard/stainless steel and copper-impregnated carbon skateboard/tin bronze) were used to investigate current-carrying friction performance. The results indicated that the contact resistance and friction coefficient of the copper-base powder metallurgy/stainless steel contacts consistently remained at low and stable values under different currents, while the contact resistance and friction coefficient of the copper-impregnated/stainless steel and copper-impregnated/tin bronze contact pairs were more sensitive to increased currents. According to the tribological analysis, the wear mechanisms of the three contact pairs were mainly abrasive wear, oxidative wear and adhesive wear. [Display omitted] • Analysed the friction property and wear mechanism of three contact pairs. • The maximum service life was compared under different operating conditions. • Comparing the wear rate and predicting maximum service lives of contact pairs. • Different material matching performance are illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear properties of pantograph-catenary contacts are greatly affected by frigid temperatures. However, there have been few reports concerning wear of current carrying elements at frigid temperatures. Wear mechanisms for four contact wire materials were compared in this paper. The coefficient of friction and the electrical contact resistance were monitored during each test, and after testing, the wear morphology of each carbon strip sample was evaluated. The results showed that a Cu–Cr–Zr alloy had superior wear-resisting properties and electrical conductivity when used as a contact wire. Furthermore, the variations in electric current and normal load has a significantly influenced on the coefficient of friction and electrical contact resistance of the tested contact pairs. For 5 A, many wear particles were dispersed randomly in the contact area. For 50 A, oxidative adhesion and microcrack propagation were observed at the contact. • Effect of frigid temperature on the sliding wear between carbon strips and contact wires was studied. • The tribological properties and electrical conductivity of different materials and test conditions are compared. • The wear mechanisms for different contact wire materials and different test conditions are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]