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Clients can develop feelings of romantic or sexual attraction to their therapists. From a cognitive-behavioral perspective, how should therapists handle these situations? Although the topic of client attraction is comprehensively covered in the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic literature, it is woefully neglected in our cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focused training programs and literature. This paper aims to address this gap by using CBT principles to provide explanations for why clients develop feelings of attraction to their therapists. In addition, this paper offers general guidelines for how to manage client attraction from a CBT perspective. Three case vignettes are used to illustrate those concepts. Recommendations for future research and training in this area are also provided.

The extrusion process of plastic transformation involves a series of variables and components which must be associated with the concept of reliability to achieve an expected performance in operational and quality terms. This paper describes the reliability framework of an extruder of a packaging company located in Brazil through the following mathematical representations: probability density function f(t), reliability curve R(t) and function rate of failure h(t). Through a statistical software the set of representations was able to develop the reliability framework of the machine, which can be used to support a FMEA analysis. Besides that, it was evidenced that in the current operating conditions of the machine, approximately 50% of the failure observations happen on the hour 100 of operating time. The main outcome is that it is recommended a systematic preventive maintenance based on 100h cycles. It is expected that this work may act as a guide for future implementation of improvement activities.

Abordamos en este artículo el camino recorrido por la Comisión Nacional en Defensa del Agua y la Vida (CNDAV) de Uruguay como movimiento social que ha tenido una experiencia enriquecedora, con un conjunto de logros frente al avance privatizador de los sistemas de provisión de agua y saneamiento en el país. Entre estos logros se destacan: la organización de acciones con estrategias participativas y con integración de conocimientos para proponer una reforma constitucional, el desarrollo de una campaña nacional y el logro del apoyo del 65% de los votantes en el año 2004, así como la aprobación por el Parlamento uruguayo por unanimidad de una Ley de Política Nacional de Agua en noviembre del 2009. Estos logros incluyen no solamente la definición de un conjunto de principios que deberán regir las políticas de agua y saneamiento, sino también la estrategia de constituirse en un movimiento propositivo que fomenta iniciativas que surgen de poblaciones locales comprometidas con sus cuencas hidrográficas.

Objective : To describe the experience of a Latino transgender man during his attempt to quit smoking using a text messaging intervention. Methods : A Latino transgender man enrolled in a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial for Latino smokers. The participant was randomized to Decidetexto, a smoking cessation mobile intervention. The participant received a 24-week text messaging intervention. We assessed text messaging interactivity with the program, satisfaction, and self-reported abstinence at Week 12 and Month 6. Results : During the 24-week intervention period, the participant sent a total of 287 text messages to the program. When analyzing the content of the text messages sent by the participants, four important themes were identified: 1) gender identity, 2) low social support, 3) stressors (e.g., gender dysphoria), and 4) gender affirmation surgery as a reason to quit smoking. At both Week 12 and Month 6, the participant reported being extremely satisfied with the intervention and self-reported cigarette use. Conclusion : A smoking cessation mobile intervention generated high satisfaction and frequent interactivity among a Latino transgender man. This case report provides important insights into the experience of one Latino transgender man during his attempt to quit smoking. There is an urgent need to develop or adapt existing smoking cessation interventions to better meet the needs of transgender people.

En este primer número no se publicaron resúmenes.

The aim of this study is to investigate three relevant dimensions of Brazilian inequality in the labor market, gender, race and age, in the period 2012-2020. More specifically, we analyze how these statistics were affected by the crisis due to Covid-19. It is observed that inequalities in participation, unemployment, occupation and informality rates are not reduced during the 2020 crisis. On the contrary, there is an increase in the difference of employment to population ratio by race and age. The results also indicate that 2020 is characterized by an unusual increase in the chances of job loss and a reduction in the chances of getting a job. It is important to note that even when controlling for other personal or job characteristics, women, blacks and young people are more likely to lose their jobs. Nonetheless, this disadvantage is not specific of the 2020 crisis.

Women with Alcohol use disorder (AUD) are more likely than men to have co-occurring depression, drink to cope with negative affect (NA), and cite negative affect as a contributor to relapse. Among AUD treatment seekers, low behavioral activation, NA, and reduced self-efficacy in abstaining from alcohol (e.g., in tempting situations) are relapse risk factors. This study investigated the association between behavioral activation, affective states, and self-efficacy among treatment-seeking women. Participants were 70 women (M = 40.50, SD = 11.59 years of age) with elevated depressive symptoms seeking AUD treatment. The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) was used to assess environmental engagement. The Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy (AASE) scale was used to assess temptation to drink in contexts of positive and negative affect, and general positive and negative affect were assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results indicated that behavioral activation was directly correlated with positive affect (PA; r = .62, p < .001) and inversely correlated with depression (r = -.35, p = .004), negative affect (r = -.39, p = .001), and temptation to drink in the context of negative affect (r = -.33, p = .006). After controlling for depressive symptoms, behavioral activation continued to be associated with greater general positive affect (β = .595, p < .001) and lower temptation to drink in the context of negative affect (β = -.348 p = .008). Our results suggest a nuanced association between behavioral activation, negative affect, and temptations to drink that is not accounted by depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy to abstain from drinking in a negative affect context should be considered when designing AUD interventions for women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

School managers, teachers, students, as well as their parents are faced with increasingly frequent attempts to integrate the diversity of pupils as a result of integration policies at national and European level. Educational needs of impaired persons require special attention. Is necessary to make steps should be taken to ensure access to education for each category of disabled person as part of the education system. Legislative framework in the field of special education Romania takes into account the legislation created by the international bodies on the education of persons with special educational needs, to which Romania has adhered. This paper presents aspects regarding the organization of educational support services dedicated to children, students and young people with special educational needs in mainstream schools in accordance with Romanian law; it also underlines the international legal framework of reference.This paper is part of a wider project that focuses on teacher training to optimize the integration of SEN pupils into the mainstream school; we used data collection methods, such as social document study and focus-group. An integrated and tailored approach is needed for children with SEN (special educational needs); focus-groups organized with primary school and gymnasium children, as well as with support teachers, revealed a number of adaptation issues from both sides (pupils with SEN and students with no problems). On the other hand, the itinerant teachers are assaulted by a series organization problems and it becomes impossible to provide support and assistance to children with special needs who are growing in numbers.Training of teachers is one of the most important pillars in the integration of all those involved in education, it is the way to optimize service organizations. Teacher training must respond to the real and complex needs of the beneficiaries, based on exploratory learning.In the final, will be presented and analyzed the main important problems faced by both teachers and pupils in the current educational context. Keywords: special education, educational needs, integration policies, children, teachers

8 p.-4 fig., Small-molecule drugs targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as inhibitors of the protein kinase activity are able to stimulate reparative dentine formation. To develop this approach into a viable clinical treatment for exposed pulp lesions, we synthesized a novel, small-molecule noncompetitive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drug that can be incorporated into a biodegradable hydrogel for placement by syringe into the tooth. This new drug, named NP928, belongs to the thiadiazolidinone (TDZD) family and has equivalent activity to similar drugs of this family such as tideglusib. However, NP928 is more water soluble than other TDZD drugs, making it more suitable for direct delivery into pulp lesions. We have previously reported that biodegradable marine collagen sponges can successfully deliver TDZD drugs to pulp lesions, but this involves in-theater preparation of the material, which is not ideal in a clinical context. To improve surgical handling and delivery, here we incorporated NP928 into a specifically tailored hydrogel that can be placed by syringe into a damaged tooth. This hydrogel is based on biodegradable hyaluronic acid and can be gelled in situ upon dental blue light exposure, similarly to other common dental materials. NP928 released from hyaluronic acid–based hydrogels upregulated Wnt/β-catenin activity in pulp stem cells and fostered reparative dentine formation compared to marine collagen sponges delivering equivalent concentrations of NP928. This drug-hydrogel combination has the potential to be rapidly developed into a therapeutic procedure that is amenable to general dental practice., The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: A. Alaohali was funded by the Medical Services Division of the Ministry of Defense in Saudi Arabia and Saudi Cultural Bureau in London. C. Salzlechner acknowledges support from the Diana Trebble Fund. E. Gentleman and C. Salzlechner received support from the Rosetrees Trust. L.K. Zaugg was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Ref P300PB_167807). Funding from the NIHR GSTFT/KCL Biomedical Research Centre is acknowledged.

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational gamification program in the reading processes of secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design of comparison between groups with pretest and posttest measurements was carried out with a sample of 271 students (M = 14.42, SD = 0.72). The evaluation battery of the PROLEC-SE reading processes is used. The intervention program consists of 7 or 15 sessions of one hour, and the results of two experimental groups and a control group are compared. The results indicate that, compared to the control group, the experimental groups significantly improve their score in reading processes. The implications of the results obtained, the limitations of the study and some recommendations for future research are discussed and analyzed.

In this compelling personal narrative describing a case from the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic, a palliative care physician harnesses the creative powers and strengths of the interdisciplinary team to provide compassionate care to a critically ill patient and his family. The author describes the process of identifying a surrogate decision maker from among the patient's many adult children-several of whom were estranged from him and each other-and facilitating weighty decisions about his end-of-life care. Over the course of this journey, the author grapples with her inner biases and struggles with the emotional trauma associated with bearing witness to extraordinary suffering and social isolation imposed by COVID-19. Not only does the ethics of care approach embodied here lead to the creation of enduring vibrant works of art for this patient and others, but it also affirms a guiding principle of palliative care in which interdisciplinary collaboration is marshalled in the service of cultivating relationships, upholding responsibilities, and intensifying empathy among persons tied together by a common narrative.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral, debater conceitualmente sobre os sistemas de informação como elementos viabilizadores do desenvolvimento sustentável. Como justificativa para a escolha do tema conceba sobre sua contemporaneidade, além da expectativa de contribuir para o campo acadêmico. A metodologia empregada é de natureza qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica. Dentre os principais achados, foi possível concluir que as relações entre sociedade e meio ambiente surgem cada vez mais atreladas e evidentes no cotidiano, considerando as preocupações implicadas nas práticas humanas e seus impactos ambientais, bem como a necessidade de conscientização ambiental. Sendo assim, é necessário aplicar um dos maiores benefícios humanos a favor do desenvolvimento sustentável, momento em que as tecnologias da informação, por meio dos sistemas de informação, se tornam coerentes para promover uma gestão ambiental mais eficiente, efetiva e de qualidade na manutenção do desenvolvimento sustentável

Political philosophy is applied to analyze the democratic potential of tourism social media. This study shows that while these media have deliberative potential, they also reflect the postpolitical and postdemocratic condition in tourism digital communication. This analysis is illustrated through the discussion of three metaphors: the menu, the stranger, and the tourist-light. The menu represents the increased invasion of lifeworlds by the commercialization and corporate regulation of the tourism social Web. The stranger symbolizes the weak accountability of online communities. The tourist-light embodies the relevance of hedonism in virtual worlds. Social media contributes to digital narcissism and supports consumer centricity. Digital communication produces a sanitized version of tourism and entails a subtle constraint of political citizenship.

The current study looks at the construction of professional identity and its relations with gender, by analyzing the discursive practices of a unique set of contrasting groups, i.e. three parallel institutions created to address violence against women in Brazil: An all female police station and two crisis intervention centers – one run by feminists professionals and the other run by lay women from a working class community. In particular, the study investigates how the professionals in each setting respond to self and other assessments made by the female victims of violence. The article discusses how broader insights about the discursive practices at the three settings can be drawn from the analysis of the more micro-interactional phenomenon of adjacency pairs in assessment turns. More specifically, it looks at how the professionals in each setting respond to the assessment turns produced by the women they serve. The theoretical approach used in the study represents innovations to previous sociolinguistic analyses of assessment turns in such way that it relates the study of preference organization to that of facework and social solidarity. This paper aims to present some contributions to the studies that look at diversity in the relationship between language, gender and professional identity, and institutional interaction in work settings.

The present study analyzes the discursive strategies of manipulation in the political genre of a discourse in Parliament with an aim to convince the audience that the Prime Minister and his party are innocent of receiving illegal cash donations from a slush fund run in the party. For that purpose, we have usedVan Dijk’s (2006)scheme of strategies of manipulation at several levels of discourse (content, lexis, topics, syntax, rhetoric, and order of discourse). Findings of the study show that the Prime Minister’s speech presents characteristics of ideological discourse, since it follows a general strategy of positive in-group and negative out-group presentation, which has an overall legitimating function. At other levels of discourse, the denial of controversial actions is made manipulative by following strategies of emphasis of our positive and their negative actions with the final aim of self-legitimating himself and his discourse. The discourse is further made manipulative by using appropriate contextual constraints and defensible semantics of representation.

Although the notion of geometric-arithmetic index has been introduced in the chemical graph theory these past years, it has already proved to be useful. The objective of the work we present here is twofold: First, obtaining new relations connecting the geometric-arithmetic index with other topological indices; second, to characterize graphs which are extremal with respect to those relations.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS, 33-item) in a Brazilian hospice and palliative care context.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 336 Brazilian hospice and palliative care providers. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer — Quality of Life Group Translation Procedure protocol was used for the translation and the cultural adaptation process. Psychometric properties supporting the use of the MSCS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis with other instruments to assess congruence to related constructs (resilience and self-compassion). The reliability of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the MSCS was assessed using Cronbach's α and composite reliability coefficients.ResultsThe six-factor (33-item) model showed a good fit to the data, with satisfactory reliability indices and adequate representation of the scale's internal structure. Further validity is evidenced in the significant, positive correlations found between the MSCS, and similar well-being constructs, namely the Self-Compassion and Resilience scales.Significance of resultsThe findings reveal that the MSCS (33-item) is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument to examine the practice of mindful self-care by hospice and palliative care providers in Brazil. More broadly, it represents a promising instrument for future research into self-care practices and well-being among Brazilian healthcare providers.

This paper reports the diagnostic research of deteriorated paint layers from three mural panels made by Almada Negreiros found in the Alcântara Maritime Station in Lisbon. The aim was to understand the main decay phenomena to aid future conservation works. The methodology comprised in-situ analyses by technical photography in Vis, Vis-RaK and UVF, p-OM and h-EDXRF; micro sampling; OM, SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, μ-Raman, µ-FT-IR and Py-GC/MS. Preliminary results show that all the paint layers analyzed are affected by salts (alkali sulphates) that over time have caused flacking, lack of cohesion, erosion, and lacunae. The light greenish/greenish bluish paint layers in all three panels are the most affected. No organic binders were identified, only the presence of vinyl polymer in glossy paint surfaces.

O contexto epidemiológico vivenciado no município de Jataí é um espelho da epidemia da COVID-19 não só no estado de Goiás, como em todo o país. Inúmeros protocolos foram utilizados como medidas preventivas na tentativa de conter a COVID-19 no município, seguindo as recomendações do governo estadual. Algumas situações levantadas no artigo podem ter interferidos na curva epidemiológico da doença, como as eleições, feriados que resultaram em diminuição do isolamento social, decretos de abertura do comércio e a mudança da gestão municipal de 2020 a 2021. Todas essas questões foram levantadas e abordadas no presente artigo e analisadas de acordo com literaturas disponíveis. Pensando num possível cenário de retorno de atividades presenciais da Universidade Federal de Jataí, os prováveis cenários devem ser analisados de acordo com o contexto e curva epidemiológica da doença, para que possíveis previsões sejam realizadas e o delineamento dessa doença, seja o mais próximo possível do esperado.

92 p.-22 fig.-1 tab.-1 graph. abst., Currently, we are immersed in a pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which severely threatens public health worldwide. Until now, no drug or vaccine has been approved to treat the severe disease caused by this coronavirus, COVID-19. We will focus on the main virus-based and host-based targets that can guide medicinal chemistry efforts to discover new drugs for this devastating disease. In principle, all CoVs enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and the control of host cellular machineries are potentially druggable targets in the search for therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2. This perspective provides an overview of the main targets from a structural point of view, together with reported therapeutic compounds with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and/or other CoVs. Also, the role of innate immune response to coronavirus infection and the related therapeutic options will be presented., Funding from CSIC (201980E024 and 202020E103) is acknowledged. This research was partially supported through "la Caixa" Banking Foundation (HR18-00469), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII-COV20/01007), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-097305-R-I00), CONICYT-PCI (REDES190074 to D. R. and A. M.) and FONDECYT (11180604 to D.R.). I. M. was funded by H2020-MSCA-ITN-2017 (grant no. 765912), V. N. holds a pre-doctoral FPU grant (FPU16/04466) and J. U. was financed by FPI-SGIT2018-04.

La creación de una marca cada día cobra más relevancia para las organizaciones, toda vez que el desdoblamiento tecnológico y sus estrategias permite que tanto bienes y servicios, bajo una impronta que los represente, se posicionen con mayor velocidad en la mente de los consumidores. Sin embargo la construcción de una marca, no se trata de esquematizar un logo o isotopo colorido, sino de exponer la esencia misma del producto con sus atributos de valor, los cuales deben representar un sinónimo de calidad. Es ahí donde aparece el Brand Management (BM), una línea de acción muy técnica de la mercadotecnia, pues aquí está en juego el manejo quizá del mejor activo de una compañía (su marca). Esta investigación toma dos variables de estudio muy importantes para las pequeñas y medianas empresas de Manabí (BM y Desarrollo Comercial), siendo su gran carencia la falta de gestores o profesionales en la rama (marketing), así como la capacitación del talento humano. Se aplicó el método inductivo completo, acompañado de algunos tipos de investigación. El objetivo planteado fue: establecer en qué medida el Brand Management impacta en el Desarrollo Comercial de las PYMES de Manabí. A través del estadístico SPSS V-25, se validaron las hipótesis, empleando el coeficiente p Rho de Spearman. Dentro de los hallazgos se pudo establecer que existe un nivel de correlación alto y muy alto, entre las variables y sus dimensiones, permitiendo concluir que mientras más énfasis pongan las PYMES en el BM, mayor incidencia habrá en su desarrollo comercial.

Understanding the mechanisms that underlie species assembly is a central concern in community ecology. Abiotic and biotic filters are probabilistic ‘sieves’ that allow species with certain functional traits to become a part of the community, or not. We manipulated natural plant assemblies in order to identify variations in the timings of biotic and abiotic filters that determine community trait assemblies. We extracted soil portions when the investigated annual plant community was in its seed phase (‘community monolith’), thereby maintaining the structure and similar soil characteristics to the field conditions. Community monoliths were subjected to experimental manipulation in terms of the rainfall timing and amount, and perturbations of the biological soil crust (BSC; intact vs. perturbed). We surveyed the experimental community assembly over time based on the functional diversity by considering important functional traits in different life stages. We found that autumn droughts acted as abiotic filters by favouring the germination and establishment of species with greater investment in the root biomass. Under severe droughts (66% water reduction), the experimental assemblies were dominated by species with functional traits adapted to water shortage conditions: high leaf dry matter content, low specific leaf area, small individual size, low reproductive ratio and high root:shoot ratio. We identified two roles of BSCs in annual plant species assemblies: (a) as a biotic filter that limited the establishment of species based on seed size, and (b) as a buffer against water stress conditions by reducing soil evapotranspiration. Synthesis. We demonstrated the importance of the timing and amount of rainfall for shaping annual plant communities, and identified germination filters as the main process that determined community assemblies. Our results suggest that the phenotypic integration of functional traits facilitates resistance to drought during the life cycle. The BSC–annual plant relationship shifted from negative, by acting as a germination filter, to positive, by acting as a buffer in later stages. Climatic fluctuations and fine scale biotic determinants of spatial heterogeneity emerged as sources of changes in the community assembly in time and space to possibly promote species coexistence and trait differences among the communities studied., We give special thanks to Carlos P. Carmona for his help with plots, statistics, R and his good ideas. A.L.P. was supported by an FPU grant (grant no. AP2012–6702). This study was supported by the Spanish Science and Technology Commission (Roots CGL2015‐66809‐P and AGORA CGL2016‐77417), by the Regional Government of Madrid (Remedinal 3‐CM: S2013/MAE‐2719), and by the European Union (Gypworld H2020‐MSCA‐RISE‐2017‐777803).

Alongside climate change, the introduction of non- native species (NNS) is widely recognized as one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity and human wellbeing. Non-native species and biodiversity are generally low priority issues on the political agendas of many countries, particularly in European countries outside the European Union (EU). The objectives and tasks of this study were to address the policy regulation, education level, education practices, and socioeconomic perceptions of NNS in the Balkans. A questionnaire based survey was conducted in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Turkey (Balkan EU candidate and potential candidate members), in Croatia and Greece (Balkan EU Member States) and Italy (non- Balkan EU Member State). The EU Alien Regulation (1143/2014) concerning NNS is implemented in EU Member States and Montenegro, whereas Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey have not reported specific policy regulations for NNS. Permanent monitoring programmes specifically designed for NNS have not yet been established in the EU Member States. Most countries tackle the issue of NNS through educational activities as part of specific projects. Education level is indicative of the implementation of NNS policy regulation, and efforts are needed for the proper development of relative study programmes. Public awareness and educational preparedness concerning NNS in the Balkans were identified as poor. Strong programmes for management and education should be developed to increase public awareness to prevent further biodiversity losses in the Balkan region.

This paper discusses methodological issues related to the implementation of experimental studies that investigate the processing of literal and metaphorical expressions. The first and central aim of the paper is to discuss methodological questions arising from current experimental research on figurative language, such as use of heterogeneous stimuli and their suitability for investigating research questions related to the processing of figurative language. At the center of the methodological discussion is the contextual and cognitive dominance of literal and metaphorical meanings in polysemous words as an important variable in experimental research on figurative language. In this paper, we discuss its importance and propose a possible way of controlling for this variable. The second aim of this paper is to present experimental results that complement the methodological discussion and show that metaphor processing in polysemous words (i.e. very conventionalized figurative meanings) is not necessarily more difficult or special in comparison to processing of literal language if the stimuli are properly balanced. In this paper, we suggest a way to design stimuli that are balanced both in terms of traditional lexical measures as well as dominance of the literal and metaphorical meanings retrieved from corpus data.

It is common to have various clones from cross-seedlings or unintended planting by the farmers in a tea plantation. Since each tea clone has distinctive features such as quality, resistance to diseases, etc., visual inspections are usually conducted on the plantations to segment areas with different tea clones within the plantation to produce crops with consistent quality. However, this would be costly and time-consuming. In this work, we apply machine learning and develop an application to recognize tea clones automatically. We propose a convolutional variational autoencoder-based feature learning algorithm to produce robust features against data distortions. There are two main advantages of using this algorithm for feature learning. First, there is no need to design complex handcrafted features for classifications, usually conducted in machine learning. Second, the resulting features are more robust when tested with data taken from unideal conditions. The proposed method is evaluated using the original and the distorted image. Our proposed method achieves the best performance of 0.83 (83%) for the original image test, 0.75 (75%) for the gaussian blur image test, and 0.78 (78%) for the median blur image test. This is a much more robust result than VGGNet16, a popular supervised deep convolutional neural network.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a health, economic and care crisis for all workers including those in the informal economy. This article draws on data from the first round of a mixed‐methods longitudinal study conducted (in June 2020) by the research advocacy network Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) in partnership with informal workers’ organizations in 12 cities. It assesses the impact of the multidimensional crisis on care responsibilities and the resulting effect on livelihoods and food security. A gendered analysis of paid work and unpaid care work sheds light on the unique features of the current ‘pandemic recession's’ impact on the world's labour force.

Introduction: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia but are also reported in the general population without need for psychiatric care. Previous evidence suggests that AVH may reflect an imbalance of prior expectation and sensory information, and that altered salience processing is characteristic of both psychotic and non-clinical voice hearers. However, it remains to be shown how such an imbalance affects the categorisation of vocal emotions in perceptual ambiguity. Methods: Neutral and emotional nonverbal vocalisations were morphed along two continua differing in valence (anger; pleasure), each including 11 morphing steps at intervals of 10%. College students (N = 234) differing in AVH proneness (measured with the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale) evaluated the emotional quality of the vocalisations. Results: Increased AVH proneness was associated with more frequent categorisation of ambiguous vocalisations as ‘neutral’, irrespective of valence. Similarly, the perceptual boundary for emotional classification was shifted by AVH proneness: participants needed more emotional information to categorise a voice as emotional. Conclusions: These findings suggest that emotional salience in vocalisations is dampened as a function of increased AVH proneness. This could be related to changes in the acoustic representations of emotions or reflect top-down expectations of less salient information in the social environment.

A reflection on the challenges and joys of practicing medicine as a Catholic physician: God often leads us on paths we could not have imagined, and there is a beauty in the surrender to His will. The practice of medicine is increasingly challenging and yet we are called to shine brightly and to live out our vocations without fear, as stumbling blocks to our colleagues. Written from the perspective of a first-year resident in general surgery, this essay is a collection of experiences aimed at inspiring hope and providing encouragement to other Catholic physicians on our collective journey through the practice of medicine as a vocation. Summary: A collection of short stories from medical school, graduate school and the first year of residency, with reflections on the personal transformation that occurs along the journey of practicing as a Catholic physician scientist.

Dispersal propensity has been correlated with personality traits, conspecific density and predation risk in a variety of species. Thus, changes in the relative frequency of behavioural phenotypes or in the ecological pressures faced by individuals in contrasting habitats can have unexpected effects on their dispersal strategies. Here, using the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia as a study model, we test whether changes in the behavioural profile of individuals and changes in conspecific density and predation pressure associated with urban life influence their breeding dispersal decisions compared to rural conspecifics. Our results show that breeding dispersal behaviour differs between rural and urban individuals. Site fidelity was lower among rural than among urban birds, and primarily related to an individual's behaviours (fear of humans), which has been reported to reflect individual personality. In contrast, the main determinant of site fidelity among urban owls was conspecific density. After taking the decision of dispersing, urban owls moved shorter distances than rural ones, with females dispersing farther than males. Our results support a personality-dependent dispersal pattern that might vary with predation risk. However, as multiple individuals of two populations (one urban, one rural) were used for this research, differences can thus also be caused by other factors differing between the two populations. Further research is needed to properly understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of changes in dispersal behaviours, especially in terms of population structuring and gene flow between urban and rural populations.

IntroductionPolyphenols have shown capacity to improve appetite sensation, leading to enhanced control of body weight. However, despite being related with hunger-related hormones, metabolic and mechanism are not well known.MethodsThe effectiveness of a nutraceutical composed of extract toLippia citriodoraandHibiscus sabdarrifa(Lc-Hs) for controlling satiety and hunger was analyzed in a cross-over, placebo-controlled (Pla) clinical intervention. The study was divided in two 60-day periods separated by 30-day length wash-out period. At the end of each period, overweight and obese subjects (n = 33; age = 33.76 ± 12.23; BMI = 28.20 kg/m2 ± 2.47; fat mass 30.65 ± 8.39%; both sexes were proposed to eat an ad-libitum meal. Meanwhile, appetite sensation was determined by visual analog scales at different times. Moreover, blood extraction was performed to determine biochemical parameters (lipid and glucidic profile and safety parameters) and to evaluate hunger-related hormones (insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, GLP-1 and peptide YY).ResultsA decrease in appetite sensation was observed in Lc-Hs treatment, showing higher satiety quotient (Pla = 3.36 ± 2.33%mm/kcal; Lc-Hs = 5.53 ± 2.91%mm/kcal;p xmin−1; Lc-Hs 8279.73 ± 2745.71%xmin−1;p p p p ConclusionThe supplementation with the Lc-Hs extract decreases appetite sensation in overweight and obese population, reducing calorie intake after an ad-libitum meal. Due to variation on hunger-related hormones and the relationship between satiety feeling, it would be interesting to develop future research focused on the variation of the hormones themselves.

O isolamento decorrente do coronavírus (covid-19) trouxe diversas implicações no âmbito familiar, profissional e social, repercutindo intensamente no cotidiano. Assim, este estudo objetivou compreender a perspectiva feminina sobre o isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia da covid-19. O delineamento foi qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório e transversal, realizado com servidoras públicas de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil. As informações foram coletadas por questionário sociodemográfico e grupo focal. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram quatro temáticas: a) (des)adaptação à nova rotina; b) “panela de pressão” dentro de casa; c) individualidade e conjugalidade; e d) estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados evidenciaram o agravo de um fenômeno conhecido: a sobrecarga feminina. Foram revelados os desafios da adaptação à nova rotina, as demandas dos diferentes papéis desempenhados pelas mulheres (mãe, trabalhadora, dona de casa, esposa) e o esgotamento emocional diante da expectativa de dar conta de tudo.

Financed national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the projects UIDB/04372/2020 This proposal is part of an ongoing research and presents the results on the perceptions and pedagogical practices experienced by students from various higher education degrees in Portuguese higher education institutions, during the period of social confinement determined by the Portuguese Government, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of the general research was to understand how Higher Education faculty and students experienced the digital transition to emergency education and the pedagogical practices adopted during the period. The research was based on a mixed methods approach and, in order to address the research objectives and describe the pedagogical practices implemented, specific instruments were developed for data collection. A questionnaire was developed, aimed at students, and interviews aimed at both students and faculty, focusing on technological and pedagogical dimensions, as well as the assessment of the experience. Data collection was carried out after the first lockdown, at the end of the first semester of 2020, and took place in eight higher education institutions. In this paper we will present a preliminary analysis of Questionnaire results related to two dimensions: online communication and assessment. LE@D, FCT info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

PurposeThis study, based on craft beer brands, aims (1) to explain the importance of four brand authenticity dimensions (continuity, originality, reliability and naturalness) in consumers' perceptions of brand image; (2) to verify if the brand–consumer emotional relationship (brand love) is enhanced by the consumer's perceptions of the brand's image; (3) to verify if the consumer's perceptions of the brand's image increase brand satisfaction; and (4) to verify if brand satisfaction increases brand love.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from consumers of different craft beer brands to evaluate the assumptions underlying the proposed conceptual model. In total, 175 questionnaire responses were used, and the model was estimated through structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS).FindingsThe results confirmed that brand authenticity is a strong antecedent of the brand image of craft beers, and that brand image affects both consumer brand satisfaction and brand love. The effect of brand satisfaction on brand love has also been confirmed. Craft beer brands should aim to attract more fan-consumers, i.e. consumers who seek an emotional relationship that manifests itself in affection, beauty, well-being and long-term commitment. Fan-consumers give their hearts/love and recommend the brand.Originality/valueThe paper tries to fill two gaps in the literature. First, we make the initial empirical application of the Bruhn et al. (2012) scale and verify its adequacy in this context. Second, this is the first time that the model's design has been validated. The results allow us to confirm that authenticity is an antecedent of brand image, and its simultaneous impact on the consumer's brand love for, and satisfaction with, craft beer brands.

Protected areas are highly heterogeneous in their effectiveness at buffering human pressure, which may hamper their ability to conserve species highly sensitive to human activities. Here, we use 60 million bird observations from eBird to estimate the sensitivity to human pressure of each bird species breeding in the Americas. Concerningly, we find that ecoregions hosting large proportions of high-sensitivity species, concentrated in tropical biomes, do not have more intact protected habitat. Moreover, 266 high-sensitivity species have little or no intact protected habitat within their distributions. Finally, we show that protected area intactness is decreasing faster where high-sensitivity species concentrate. Our results highlight a major mismatch between species conservation needs and the coverage of intact protected habitats, which likely hampers the long-term effectiveness of protected areas at retaining species. We highlight ecoregions where protection and management of intact habitats, complemented by restoration, is urgently needed., NA

The Kaqchikel are an indigenous population who experienced political violence during the civil war and postwar conflict in Guatemala because their political ideology was in opposition to the milita...

Introduction: Increasingly, health literacy is considered a public health priority. The association between literacy and health is essential for health promotion, disease prevention and use of health services. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of health literacy in higher educational students and to identify associated factors. Methods: We carried out an analytical cross - sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 503 higher educational students from the five schools of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal. The majority of the sample was female (67.4%); mean age of 21.59 ± 4.35 years, 43.3% lived in rural areas and 55.3% of the students attended the nursing course. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and presented socio-demographic and academic variables and also the Portuguese version of the health literacy questionnaire (HLS-EU-PT). Results: Most students (53.9%) had a sufficient level of overall literacy. In all domains of the questionnaire, most students presented a sufficient or problematic level of health literacy. Nursing students presented higher averages of health literacy, in general and in all domains, compared to students in other courses. Sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with health literacy. Regarding the academic variables, being a nursing student was positively associated with the level of literacy (p = 0.01) and the young ‘student-workers’ had a lower level of health literacy in the health promotion field (Average Order = 212.72 vs. 258.04, p = 0.02). Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to improve the level of health literacy of young people, future adults and some future health professionals.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS : This study was partially supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund MAR2020 project “VALOREJET: Valorização de espécies rejeitadas e de baixo valor commercial,” MAR-01.03.01-FEAMP0003, and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through research contracts attributed to Vera Sequeira (CEECIND/02705/2017) and Ana Rita Vieira (CEECIND/01528/2017) and strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2019. The depletion and overexploitation of several fish stock demands for a valorisation of non-target and discarded species. Nonetheless, such species are often poorly studied, and information on their biological parameters must be gathered for effective population management. For 1 year, the reproductive strategy of the piper gurnard Trigla lyra and the red gurnard Chelidonichthys cuculus was studied by monthly samples obtained from commercial boats operating on western Portuguese coast. Both species showed a biased sex ratio towards females, especially for larger length classes. Length at first maturity could be estimated only for red gurnard (22.1 and 19.9 cm for females and males, respectively) because all piper gurnard individuals caught were mature. Piper gurnard showed determinate fecundity and a short spawning season, from November to February with a peak in January, whereas red gurnard showed indeterminate fecundity and a wide spawning season, from late December to May. The relative annual fecundity estimated for red gurnard (1893 ± 728 oocytes x g-1 eviscerated weight [EW]) was higher than the one estimated for piper gurnard (1018 ± 250 oocytes x g-1 EW). Although important information for understanding the species dynamics is presented in this study, additional information on other life-history parameters and of species landings is required. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O fecho de escolas durante a primeira onda de pandemia de COVID-19 desafiou os/as professores/as a reorganizarem rapidamente as suas atividades educativas. Essa mudança exigiu uma maior integração das tecnologias no ensino e levou a transformações repentinas nas relações sociais e pedagógicas. Se o acentuar de desigualdades pré-existentes entre os alunos se tornou imediatamente evidente, ficou menos claro como as desigualdades entre os/as professores/as afetaram a sua transição para o ensino remoto de emergência. Este artigo apresenta e discute as perceções e experiências de professores/as portugueses/as sobre os efeitos desta transição no seu ensino e nas relações com outros/as professores/as, alunos/as e suas famílias, a partir dos dados de um inquérito online respondido por 675 professores/as entre 11 e 31 de maio de 2020. Os/as professores/as perceberam efeitos positivos da transição para um ensino remoto de emergência na qualidade de seu ensino e nas suas relações com alunos, famílias e colegas, com algumas diferenças atribuíveis às características territoriais (rural / urbano). As oportunidades de formação e apoio que os professores tiveram durante o período da transição surgem como cruciais para compreender as perceções de mudanças positivas. Submetido: 15.02.2021 Aceite: 10.05.2021

ObjectivesDignity therapy (DT) is a brief, individualized intervention, which provides terminally ill patients with an opportunity to convey memories, essential disclosures, and prepare a final generativity document. DT addresses psychosocial and existential issues, enhancing a sense of meaning and purpose. Several studies have considered the legacy topics most frequently discussed by patients near the end of life. To date, no Portuguese study has done that analysis.MethodWe conducted a qualitative analysis of 17 generativity documents derived from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inductive content analysis was used to identify emerging themes.ResultsFrom the 39 RCT participants receiving DT, 17 gave consent for their generativity document to undergo qualitative analysis. Nine patients were female; mean age of 65 years, with a range from 46 to 79 years. Seven themes emerged: “Significant people and things”; “Remarkable moments”; “Acknowledgments”; “Reflection on the course of life”; “Personal values”; “Messages left to others”; and “Requests and last wishes”.Significance of resultsGenerativity document analysis provides useful information for patients nearing death, including their remarkable life moments and memories, core values, concerns, and wishes for their loved ones. Being conscious of these dominant themes may allow health providers to support humanized and personalized care to vulnerable patients and their families, enhancing how professionals perceive and respond to personhood within the clinical setting.

Purpose This paper aims to address the immediate effects of the COVID-19 crisis in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry by examining whether some specific characteristics make people more vulnerable or more immune to unemployment. Design/methodology/approach Using an extensive micro-level data set of personal and job-related attributes containing all unemployed individuals in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry, a logit model with 56,142 observations is estimated to assess how each characteristic contributed to the unemployment odds during the COVID-19 crisis (until the end-July 2020), relatively to the pre-COVID period. Findings The most vulnerable workers to COVID-19 unemployment seem to be older, less educated, less qualified, women and residents in regions with a higher concentration of people and tourism activity. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis is generating a new type of unemployment by also affecting those who were never unemployed before, with more stable jobs and more motivated at work, while reducing voluntary disruptions. Practical implications Public effort should be made not only to increase workforce education but especially to reinforce job-specific skills. The COVID-19 crisis has broken traditional protective measures against unemployment and separated workers from their desired occupations, which justifies new and exceptional job preservation measures. Policy recommendations are given aiming at strengthening worker resilience and industry competitiveness in the most affected sub-sectors and regions. Originality/value This study extends the current understanding of worker vulnerability to economic downturns. Herein, this paper used a three-level approach (combining socio-demographic, work-related and regional factors), capturing the immediate effects of the COVID-19 crisis and focussing on the tourism and hospitality industry (the hardest-hit sector worldwide).

Gender bias in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has been identified since a long time ago. However, gender imbalance in neuroscience has not yet been adequately explored worldwide. Here we report the first study on the development of the careers of men and women neuroscientists in Latin America in relation to family life and their perceptions of obstacles to success. Apart from revealing gender inequality in the neuroscience field, distinctive Latin American traits have become evident, thus providing novel insights into the global comprehension of gender imbalance in the region, which is required for guiding future actions, including the design of public policies in the region. Fil: Silva, Ana. International Brain Research Organization. Latin American Regional Committee; Uruguay. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Tomassini, Cecilia. International Brain Research Organization. Latin American Regional Committee; Uruguay. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Zurbrigg, Julieta. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean in Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Palacios, Adrian. Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Chile. International Brain Research Organization. Latin American Regional Committee; Uruguay Fil: Amarante, Verónica. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean; Uruguay Fil: Bouzat, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. International Brain Research Organization. Latin American Regional Committee; Uruguay

Monografia completa dedicada al proyecto Petrifying Wealth (PETRIFYING WEALTH Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Masonry as Collective Investment in Identity, c.1050-1300. Identificador: 695515): https://digital.csic.es/cris/project/pj00207

Nas últimas décadas, observa‑se um movimento de reelaboração do papel social da universidade para abarcar as dimensões constitutivas de sua reorganização na perspectiva da responsabilidade social da universidade (RSU). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre a formação e o processo de constituição identitária dos/as docentes como nuances fundamentais da RSU, que podem ser evidenciadas nas narrativas dos/as professores/as. A partir da perspectiva (auto)biográfica, discutimos os tensionamentos vivenciados nesse contexto de mudanças por um professor e uma professora em processo de inserção na docência universitária que atuam em cursos de Licenciatura em diferentes universidades federais brasileiras. Orienta‑nos a questão: como pensar a universidade em que o processo de formação e constituição da identidade docente esteja atrelado às condições necessárias para que a universidade se estruture a partir de uma perspectiva mais ampliada de seu papel social? As narrativas apresentadas indicam que uma importante dimensão da RSU é a garantia ao direito e às condições de formação, inserção e trabalho dos/as professores/as vinculados/as ao seu entorno social, favorecendo a quebra de concepções mercantilistas de docência e formação.

O açaí tem alto potencial econômico devido ao valor nutritivo e às substâncias bioativas presentes na polpa. No entanto, verifica-se que há riscos que podem comprometer a qualidade do produto alimentício por meio da contaminação resultante da falha na adoção ou manutenção das boas práticas de manipulação. O objetivo deste projeto foi relatar as atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão sobre as boas práticas na produção da polpa de açaí visando diminuir os riscos de contaminação e esclarecimento sobre a importância e benefícios do Açaí Amazônico. A atividade de extensão foi realizada por acadêmicos do curso de nutrição e biotecnologia do Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Os sujeitos participantes foram 132 alunos matriculados no Ensino Médio (2º ano), do Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM), na cidade de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. Foi realizada uma palestra, duas oficinas e uma atividade lúdica com os assuntos ministrados. Os resultados demonstraram que o projeto contribuiu com a difusão do conhecimento sobre esse fruto tão importante da região e alertou sobre os principais cuidados com a higienização e sanitização em alimentos, minimizando os riscos de contaminação durante o processamento. Essas abordagens contribuíram para o papel que a universidade representa para a melhoria social, colaborando para o desenvolvimento de seus comunitários.

Levels of women’s empowerment (WE) can contribute to differences in infant mortality rates (IMRs) across cities. We used a cross-sectional multilevel study to examine associations of WE with IMRs a...

Aim: To evaluate the association between functional literacy and the recognition of the word “bruxism” among adolescentes. Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a mid-sized city in Brazil. The sample consisted of 375 schoolchildren, age 12, and 368, aged 15 to 19 years, selected at random. Two calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80) applied the oral health literacy instrument, validated for adolescents, the “Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry” (BREALD-30) and the recognition of the word “bruxism” was used as a dependent variable, in addition to a questionnaire on functional literacy (Functional Literacy Index – INAF). Parents/caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Unadjusted analysis and logistic regression were performed for complex samples (p < 0.05). Results: In the final model, the 12-year-old adolescents who were most likely not to recognize the word “bruxism” were those from public schools (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.79-4.46; p = 0.001), without health insurance (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.21-3.37; p = 0.007), and with a lower level of functional literacy (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1, 66-4.26; p < 0.001). Adolescents, aged 15 to 19, who had a greater chance of not recognizing the word “bruxism” were those with the lowest level of functional literacy (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.93-5.60; p < 0.001), who lived with more people at home (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.02-4.11; p = 0.040), who had parents/guardians with a low level of education (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.15-3.36; p = 0.013). and who had never been to the dentist (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.26-7.52; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The recognition of the term “bruxism” among 12-year-olds was influenced by the presence of a health plan and a higher level of functional literacy. In the older age group, the higher level of functional literacy, the smaller number of people at home, the higher level of education of the person in charge, and the individual’s visit to the dentist influenced the recognition of the term. Uniterms: Health literacy. Bruxism. Oral health. Pediatric dentistry.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of coumarin and 15 monosubstituted derivatives on the inhibition of human platelet aggregation induced by various proaggregatory agonists, particularly by epinephrine. Background: The emergence of residual platelet reactivity during the use of conventional antiplatelet agents (acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel) is one of the main causes of double therapy´s therapeutic failure. Platelet adrenoceptors participate in residual platelet reactivity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new antiplatelet agents that inhibit epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation as a new therapeutic strategy. Information on the antiplatelet activity of coumarins in inhibiting epinephrine-induced aggregation is limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of coumarin derivatives with hydroxy, methoxy, and acetoxy groups in different positions of the coumarin nucleus to identify the most active molecules. Moreover, this study aimed to use in silico studies to suggest potential drug targets to which the molecules bind to produce antiplatelet effects. Methods: The platelet aggregation was performed using a Lumi-aggregometer; the inhibitory activity of 16 compounds were evaluated by inducing the aggregation of human platelets (250 × 103/μl) with epinephrine (10 μM), collagen (2 μg/ml) or ADP (10 μM). The aggregation of control platelets was considered 100% of the response for each pro-aggregatory agonist. Results: Eleven molecules inhibited epinephrine-induced aggregation, with 3-acetoxycoumarin and 7-methoxycoumarin being the most active. Only coumarin inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but no molecule showed activity when using ADP as an inducer. Conclusions : In silico studies suggest that most active molecules might have antagonistic interactions in the α2 and β2 adrenoceptors. The antiplatelet actions of these coumarins have the potential to reduce residual platelet reactivity and thus contribute to the development of future treatments for patients who do not respond adequately to conventional agents.

The promotion of a more stable European banking system has become a priority which, not doubt, will bring important benefits to firms. However, bank stability comes with stronger regulations that could harm the access to finance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are highly dependent on bank financing. We provide new evidence on the association between the stability of a country’s banking system and SMEs access to finance through the study of borrower discouragement. We analyze 20,207 observations gathered among 16,382 firms operating in the EU-28 during the period 2011–2018. Applying multilevel methodology, our results show that SMEs operating in countries with more stable banking systems are less likely to be discouraged from applying for a loan. Working to achieve a more stable banking system does not seem to harm the access to finance of SMEs. The authors acknowledge financial support from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033), research project PID2019-106314GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. We also acknowledge financial support from Fundación UCEIF and Santander Financial Institute (SANFI).