Search

Introduction. The discursivity of emotions in ideology enactment is frequently questioned in ideology critique, whereas modern historical, psychological and social studies recognize the pertinence of emotions in shaping discursive practices. The current study argues the modulatory function of moral emotions in defining the complex phenomenon of Victorian ideology. Therefore, the dynamics of ideology proliferation is believed to ground in the emotional coherence of moral judgments.Purpose. The paper aims at investigating the large-scale process of ideology transitions characteristic of the Victorian period and beyond. The study lies in the assumption that ideological shifts pertaining to the period of the late 18th through early 20th centuries can be additionally tested in the term frequency of ideologically relevant issues as represented in the British English corpus brought by Google Books.Methods. Successive implementation of dictionary entry analysis, componential analysis, and machine based frequency analysis has testified to the plausibility of presumptions on the correlation of ideology long-term dynamics to the dominant emotional repertoires of the times.Results. The inventory of relevant ideologies has been provided in conformity with the earlier findings on the association of lexical representation of ideologies and moral emotions labels. The list of propositional ideologemes as fundamental doctrinal units of ideologies has been established basing on the common semantic features of nouns and adjectives defining the respective social practices in the contemporary dictionary entries. A frequency analysis aided by Google Books Ngram Viewer has evinced the heterogeneous process of ideologeme rises and declines.Conclusions. The ideological nature of moral emotions translates to their potency of modification or adjustment of propositional ideologemes in their further processing both for maintenance and/or transit. The trends are displayed in the dynamics of interest to the relevant ideological matters, in the changes of the semantic structure of lexicalized ideologemes andthe co-occurrence of emotion labels with the doctrinal linguoideologemes.

Um and uh are generally considered to be indicative of dysfluency and uncertainty in speech production. However, analysis of the academic seminar indicates that the distribution of um and uh is not random. In specific well-defined environments um is used to indicate the underlying structure of the talk. Although Swerts (1998) has already suggested that fillers such as um and uh could be treated as discourse markers in Dutch, the notion that such tokens are functioning as discourse markers has not been developed in detail. This paper analyses the role played by um in a series of computer science seminars. Using traditional conversation analysis techniques, the paper focuses on the way in which um indicates structure in the academic seminar by maintaining coherence across bits of talk. It thus argues that in specific well-defined environments um functions as a discourse marker. This paper therefore addresses such issues as the role and function of um in seminar talk, the environments in which it occurs, and its use in indicating the structure of the talk to the listening audience.

Although moral relativists often appeal to cases of apparent moral disagreement between members of different communities to motivate their view, accounting for these exchanges as evincing genuine disagreements constitutes a challenge to the coherence of moral relativism. While many moral relativists acknowledge this problem, attempts to solve it so far have been wanting. In response, moral relativists either give up the claim that there can be moral disagreement between members of different communities or end up with a view on which these disagreements have no “epistemic significance” because they are always faultless. This paper introduces an alternative strategy: accounting for disagreement in terms of “metalinguistic negotiation”. It argues that this strategy constitutes a better solution to the challenge disagreement poses for moral relativists because it leads to a nuanced understanding of the epistemic significance of moral disagreement between members of different communities. The upshot is a novel account of disagreement for moral relativists that has consequences for how moral relativism should be understood.

This paper investigates the structure of phonological word and grammatical word in Brokpa, a Tibeto-Burman (Trans-Himalayan) language of Bhutan. Defining features of a phonological word include stress, tone, and segmental properties. A grammatical word is defined based on conventionalized coherence and meaning, fixed order of morphemes, and its behaviour in relation to derivational and inflectional marking. Grammatical and phonological words in Brokpa coincide in most instances. Typical mismatches include words involving non-cohering compounds and non-cohering reduplication. A formal distinction between phonological and grammatical word is the key to our understanding of the interactions between different parts of grammar in Brokpa, and help resolve potential ambiguities of the term “word” in this language.

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is an approach and movement in innovative educational practices from the primary level internationally. This would provide a platform for an inquiry approach, creativity, and innovation in young children and formulate a path for changes in existing practices. The STEM approach is widely accepted as a key educational practice; however, it is dealt with as a combination of disciplines in actual teaching and learning practice. Coherence in this interdisciplinarity and integration has yet to be evolved as a practice in synthesising and designing instruction and could be harbinger for an effective design for future practice. Integrated and interdisciplinary STEM can only generate powerful knowledge to deal with issues that are affecting the planet and bring abiotic and biotic equilibrium. Interdisciplinary and integrated powerful knowledge (IIPK) can act as a roadmap for innovation that can bring changes in existing practices, produce informed citizens, build capacity for informed decisions, and generate sustainable living practices. Interdisciplinary and integrated STEM could lay foundations for IIPK and generate a mindset, approach, and practice. IIPK could lead to the formation of new paths for energy generation, transport, agricultural practices, medical treatment, and clean environment. Interdisciplinary and integrated STEM is not seen in actual practice anywhere nowadays. For coherence in curriculum, implications in instructions need reform and development by the governments across the world. That could lead to a new policy for interdisciplinary and integrated STEM.

This article argues that political realists have at least two strategies to provide distinctively political normative judgements that have nothing to do with morality. The first ground is instrumental normativity, which states that if we believe that something is a necessary means to a goal we have, we have a reason to do it. In politics, certain means are required by any ends we may intend to pursue. The second ground is epistemic normativity, stating that if something is (empirically) true, this gives us a reason to believe it. In politics, there are certain empirical regularities that ought to be acknowledged for what they are. Both sources are flawed. Instrumental normativity only requires coherence between attitudes and beliefs, and one can hang on to false beliefs to preserve attitudes incompatible with reality. I may desire to eschew power relations, and accordingly I may imagine politics to be like a camping trip. Epistemic normativity, on the other hand, operates critically, striking down existing normative claims. It shows us that politics is nothing like a camping trip, but it doesn’t tell us what we should do about it (beyond abandoning some false beliefs). We conclude by showing that if the two are taken together, they remedy each other’s flaws.

In the fifteenth chapter of his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul makes a number of philosophically mysterious claims about the relationship between the ‘earthly’ body and the resurrected or ‘spiritual’ body. To what extent do these claims reflect themes present in Aristotle’s own views on the relationship between matter and organism? We will argue that Aristotle’s understanding of the relationship between matter and organism already reflects a commitment to the two central claims that Paul takes to be definitive of the relationship between earthly and spiritual body. On the one hand, Paul insists that the earthly body is not itself the resurrected or spiritual body, but only a seed that is sown for the latter. Further separating the earthly from the spiritual body, he compares their distinction to the distinction between the bodies of different animals. On the other hand, the chapter ends with language of continuity between the earthly and the spiritual body. Precisely this seeming conflict is present in Aristotle’s analysis of animal generation. Whereas many interpretations of Aristotle’s analysis privilege one side of the conflict over the other, I will argue that both must be equally privileged, yielding a parallel between the cases of animal generation in Aristotle and bodily resurrection in early Christianity.

The article defined the sense of the systematic approach to the ecological competence development of future biology teachers. The article revealed the specifics of this approach implementation into the professional training of pedagogical majors’ students of higher educational institutions. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature of domestic and foreign scientists, the pedagogical system of ecological competence development of future teachers is presented as a complicated, dynamic complex of subordinate and interconnected structural and functional components aimed at developing an ecologically competent personality. The following components of the studied system were found out: purpose, content, stages, technologies and results. The separation of functional blocks of the development system of students’ eco-competence of higher pedagogical education was justified as follows: conceptual-methodological (purpose, tasks, research concept, methodological approaches, pedagogical principles, regularities); subject-object (participants of the educational process, their interaction in the context of the functioning of the system); contextual (the content of ecologically oriented professional training); organizational-procedural (forms, methods, means, pedagogical technologies of development of the person’s set qualities); evaluative-effective (diagnosis of the levels of the specified competence development, the result of the system functioning). It was found out that the systematic approach allows identifying the components of the system of ecological competence development of future biology teachers, to trace its order and coherence of their interaction; to understand their interdependence and being mutually caused, the interaction of the subjects of the educational process, to model this system. The author emphasized that the synergetic combination of systemic and other approaches (competence, activity, axiological, personality-oriented, reflective and ecological-humanistic) is the prism that selects and structures the appropriate forms, methods and means of students' environmental competence development, as well as the content of professional training in the context of the competency approach.

The article presents approaches to the automatic detection of sound repetitions and the measurement of sound coherence in Russian poetic text basing on the syllabocentric concept of the sound texture of the verse, which distinguishes the phonosyllabeme as its main operational unit and determines the main types of relations between the elements of repetition - equiphony and metaphony - and also allows describe the text in its unity of sound-segmental and rhythmic structure. The paper considers the linguistic prerequisites, main algorithms and methods, which form the basis of the PHONOTEXT computer program (web application), which automatically analyzes and visually forms the picture of the sound composition of the text presenting its quantitative characteristics. The basic operations of the program are described in detail, as well as the mathematical formulas used to identify the structure and carry out mathematical measurement of sound repetitions in Russian poetic speech. The article discusses the results of the programs use for the comparative study of poetry and prose, individual works and individual styles of Russian poets. In particular, the data obtained using the Phonotext program allows us to speak of a tendency towards syntagmatic consolidation of the phonosyllabeme and intensive granulation of the sound texture of the text in the individual style of Osip Mandelstam as the evidence of his striving for poetic morphologization of the elements of sound repetition, it also shows a tendency towards the use of the dominant sound theme as a means for cohesion of a complex syntactic and compositional whole, in contrast to Vladimir Nabokovs idiostyle, which is characterized by its orientation towards splitting up the elements of repetition, with a relatively chaotic interaction and spreading of consonances over the text and their low activity as a means of syntagmatic segmentation and consolidation of the text. The prospects for the development of the Phonotext program are described for identifying the relations of segment-sound and prosodic parallelism in speech (relations of equirhythmy and equiphony, including rhyme), which will provide an automatic presentation of a complete picture of the sound composition, the interaction of its main forms in the text and its further functional description.

This study aims to show the artistic and literary value of Al-Nahshli poem. The pleasure of the text comes from the presence of its textual standards, highlighting its thematic unity, which is so clear from the general meaning of the texts, without relying on the linguistic links that represent the standard of consistency, which is the first of the seven text criteria for De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981). The poem is a sad contemplation, a complaint about the passing of time, and a tingling twinge of old age that includes judgments and sermons inspired by human experiences on the extent of his historical consciousness; the idea of ​​death dominates the poem from beginning to end, this fate that human thought in all its stages as a state of dilemma; the poet was one of those who felt this fate.

Coherence and cohesion are considered two main elements of essay writing. Despite their importance in writing, they are still regarded as difficult to teach and learn as compared to grammar and spelling. Theme-rheme development is suggested to be a tool to teach coherence and cohesion in writing. This experimental study was carried out to verify whether the teaching of theme-rheme approach helps the learners to improve their textual coherence. Forty graduate-level students (20 males and 20 females), aging between 19 and 23, participated in the study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group was taught coherence and cohesion by using the thematic progression method, whereas the controlled group was taught by using the ordinary method. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to compare the effects of the thematic progression method. The findings show that the teaching of coherence and cohesion through the thematic progression method helped the learners to improve their essay writing quality. The experimental group outweighed the controlled group as it got twice higher marks in the post-test than the pre-test. In contrast, the controlled group showed a negligible improvement.

By defining God as a maximally great being Plantinga is able to devise an ontological argument which validly infers from the possibility of there being a God that there necessarily is a God. In this article I shall argue that Plantinga’s argument is not only question-begging, as several critics have complained, but circular in the strongest sense of the term. Based on reflections on the relation between the notions of coherence and possibility, I shall defend two arguments, previously proposed by Tooley (Mind 90:422–427, 1981) and Guleserian (Nous 17:221–238, 1983), against the existence of a maximally great being. The article concludes with some critical remarks on Plantinga’s rationale for conceiving God as such a being.

The content of this article falls within the textual and generic trend of research on paratext. The author describes the meaning of paratexts in fantasy literature via the example of glossaries, which fulfill a special role in the process of creating and perceiving this type of literary text. The argumentation process is subordinated to two perspectives. The first involves the sub-creation of a secondary reality — the Second World in fantasy, which from the beginning to the end grows out of the imagination of the writer and which is complete and internally consistent. In the course of reading, the reader “enters” into a completely different world from that experienced every day. What is needed, therefore, is a kind of guide that allows him to “move around” without disturbing the created universe. Paratext fulfills this function. Hence the second perspective is Gérard Genette’s thesis, according to which the paratext is identified with the text surrounding the proper text, coming from the author and remaining within the same volume (peritext), and one of its basic roles is to help in the interpretation and proper decryption of the creator’s (author’s) intentions. On the basis of the glossaries studied in fantasy texts, it can be concluded that structurally they constitute the determinants of a textual frame, and although there is no linear continuity between the main text and the glossary, considering the content that is contained in it, they serve to strengthen the coherence of the main text. In general, the presence of glossaries facilitates reading the text, allows “unmasking” the intentions of the author and categorizing elements of the plot of a specific work, a given part of the cycle or saga against the background of the whole universe.

Cel/Teza: Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie roli metadanych w projektowaniu architektury informacji serwisów internetowych. Skupiono się przede wszystkim na metadanych opisowych i strukturalnych, które mają istotny wpływ na organizację i wyszukiwanie informacji na stronach WWW. Koncepcja/Metody badań: Wyjaśniono czym są metadane, przedstawiono ich rodzaje, standardy oraz funkcje w środowisku cyfrowym. Wyeksponowano znaczenie metadanych w przeglądaniu i wyszukiwaniu informacji. Pokazano sposoby umieszczania metadanych na stronach internetowych tworzonych bezpośrednio w języku HTML oraz w systemie zarządzania treścią WordPress. Wyniki i wnioski: Metadane pełnią istotną rolę w architekturze informacji serwisów internetowych. Umożliwiają opisywanie obiektów cyfrowych i tworzenie semantycznych powiązań między nimi, co zwiększa efektywność wyszukiwania informacji i użyteczność serwisów. Zaleca się zatem, aby architekci informacji odpowiednio dobierali schematy metadanych, dbając o spójność i szczegółowość ich elementów. Oryginalność/Wartość poznawcza: Zagadnienie metadanych w organizowaniu i wyszukiwaniu informacji w serwisach internetowych nie zostało do tej pory szczegółowo wyjaśnione w piśmiennictwie dotyczącym architektury informacji.

The consistency of a response to a given post at the semantic level and emotional level is essential for a dialogue system to deliver humanlike interactions. However, this challenge is not well addressed in the literature, since most of the approaches neglect the emotional information conveyed by a post while generating responses. This article addresses this problem and proposes a unified end-to-end neural architecture, which is capable of simultaneously encoding the semantics and the emotions in a post and leveraging target information to generate more intelligent responses with appropriately expressed emotions. Extensive experiments on real-world data demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both content coherence and emotion appropriateness.

This article presents part of the development of a doctoral research in progress in the Graduate Program in Letras of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The research seeks to generate descriptive data about the language in use in Judicial Sentences of the Special Civil Courts, which are based on principles such as informality and simplicity and were created to expand and facilitate access to Justice. And, considering that many of those who resort to these Courts are people with low income and limited schooling, the reflection promoted is on how, through textual simplification, seen as an intralinguistic translation, one could promote the textual and terminological accessibility of these Judicial Sentences. In order to carry out the analyzes, based on the studies related to textual simplification and through the AntConc, Sketch Engine and Coh-Metrix-Dementia tools, this article analyzes some indexes of cohesion and textual coherence of a corpus of these judicial sentences and compares its lexicon with that of a corpus of texts from Diario Gaucho and with a reference corpus of written Brazilian popular Portuguese, CorPop. Both represent what can be called everyday written Portuguese. Based on the results of these analyzes, rewriting alternatives that are more appropriate for the adult Brazilian citizen with low schooling and little experience in reading are proposed. Preliminary results suggest that the judicial sentences of these Special Courts have lexical and syntactic patterns that hardly coincide with patterns of everyday written language so that they may hinder their intelligibility for the target audience.

An attempt to outline the contours of a new research field within the framework of the history of Russian journalism — the history of entrepreneurial journalism of the mid — second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries is presented. The publicistic work of Russian entrepreneurs of this time is interpreted by the authors as the forerunner of modern business journalism. It is shown that the key role in its constitution was played by the Great Reforms of the 1860s — 1870s, during which entrepreneurship became a collective actor in the emerging public (media) space and showed the ability to express and defend its interests, including through the printed word. It is noted that even then an array of non-professional entrepreneurial publications of various genres began to take shape, which subsequently evolved into an independent branch of journalistic creativity. It is pointed out that entrepreneurs-publicists remained primarily practitioners, people of action, which determined the special pragmatism of their texts, closely related to the “guild” and personal business interests. The authors come to the conclusion that when studying the journalistic creativity of entrepreneurs, not only logical coherence should be taken into account, but also the synchronicity of all forms of the author’s verbal creativity and his business activity.

Human-artificial intelligent (AI) - assisted teaming is becoming a strategy for coalescing the complementary strengths of humans and computers to solve difficult tasks. Yet, there is still much to learn regarding how the integration of humans with AI agents into a team affects human behavior. Accordingly, this work begins to inform this research gap by focusing specifically on how the communication structure and interaction changes within AI-assisted human teams. The underlying discourse data for this work originates from a prior research study in which teams solve an interdisciplinary drone design and path-planning problem. Several metrics are employed in this work to study team discourse, including count, diversity, content richness, and semantic coherence. Results show significant differences in communication behavior in AI-assisted teams including more diversity and frequency in communication, more exchange of information regarding principal design parameters and problem-solving strategies, and more cohesion. Overall, this work takes meaningful steps towards understanding the effects of AI agents on human behavior in teams, critical for fully building effective human-AI hybrid teams in the future.

In response to Willem Drees's What Are the Humanities For?, this article compares the ways in which, historically, the humanities and natural sciences have established their relevance and social legitimacy. Initially, from the period of the scientific revolution, the sciences had usually sought to justify themselves in terms of the moral and religious goals characteristic of the humanities. During the nineteenth century, however, considerations of practical utility came to displace the more traditional forms of justification. These new criteria have made it increasingly difficult for humanities disciplines to establish their legitimacy. This situation is related to patterns of secularization and also has implications for science-religion relations. Along with the secularization of the humanities, their increasing pluralization has also weakened their capacity to present a united front. The humanities are perhaps not as coherent as Drees suggests, although a rhetoric of coherence might well be crucial for establishing their contemporary relevance.

Discourse analysis is a pivotal aspect of linguistic studies to understand the discourse that is examined and to understand the function of language which is used in the discourse. Also, while conducting discourse analysis, many researchers use some devices to analyze the discourse better, so they are important aspects of discourse analysis. Since discourse analysis is crucial process for linguistics, there is much information about discourse analysis and its devices on the internet, and this might make understanding of those elements complicated; therefore, making these elements clearer and more understandable to researchers or readers and mentioning the important ideas of different experts about discourse analysis and devices for discourse analysis collectively and clearly are the main aims of this paper, and the term discourse, discourse analysis, and devices for conducting discourse analysis more fruitfully are this paper’s main topics that were analyzed and explained by using document analysis technique. As a result of this document analysis, it was understood that discourse analysis is an analysis process which covers a wide area, includes analysis of language in conversation and text, interactions, and people’s ability to understand the language in text and conversation, and to make these more successfully and frankly, cohesion, coherence, speech events, and background knowledge are effective devices for discourse analysis.

Recent work within early executive function (EF) seems to suggest that toddlers show distinct patterns of development, involving poorly correlated performance across EF tasks and significant improvements over relatively short periods of time. The present study sought to extend these findings by investigating evidence for these patterns in toddlers and the existence of more traditional patterns of EF (e.g., correlations between tasks, links to language) when using the same tasks in a novel Latin American sample. Eighty toddlers (18-24 months) and sixty young preschoolers (30-36) months completed a battery of EF tasks, early social communication, and receptive and expressive language measures. Results indicated that toddlers showed similar distinct patterns of development (i.e., few relations between tasks and links to responding to joint attention), but by early preschool a more cohesive EF and links to language were present. Further, work demonstrated significant age (older children outperformed younger children), gender (girls outperformed boys), and socioeconomic differences (satisfied basic needs outperformed unsatisfied basic needs, but only on the snack delay). This work provides evidence for patterns of emerging EF development within this novel cultural sample (and evidence for group differences) that may be supported by communicative and representational development.

The practice of joint fantasizing concerns interacting participants’ collective construction of imaginary realities with internal consistency and coherence. Based on a corpus of conversations held by an informal Italian prayer community of elderly Catholic women, this contribution aims to show that joint fantasizing is not necessarily a humorous activity and is embedded in the participants’ social and personal background. The analysis also indicates that through joint fantasizing the participants conceptualize themselves as victims and idealized opponents of the unfair present and past societies. Framing joint fantasizing as a cross-contextual activity of social criticism allows us to understand that the participants use this interactional practice as an activity endowed with moral suffering and responsibility. This rhetorical seriousness contrasts with other studies in which joint fantasies are generally connected with playful, jocular and laughable practices.

Integration processes in the Eurasian space are ambiguously assess both by officials and an expert community of the member countries. Thus, there is still a discussion in Kazakhstan and various narratives are being formed concerning the expediency of the country’s presence in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the advantages and challenges associated with this participation. The article deals with the main narratives that are presenting in Kazakhstan and describing the integration processes within the EAEU — official and expert (both critical about the EAEU and supporting Eurasian integration). The analysis conducted in the article is based on the understanding of the narrative as a “statement-result”, defined by its structure (coherence between key concepts). The article shows that all narratives about the EAEU, present in the Kazakhstani discourse, have a similar structure, formed by the concepts of “independence”, “integration”, “politics” and “economics”. The differences between the narratives are determined by the emphasis on either the “independencepolitics” or “integration-economics” constellations (linkages), and the proposed format of regionalization of Kazakhstan within Central Asia or Eurasia.

L'articolo si propone di valorizzare l'utilità clinica della dimensione corporea in seduta e la coerenza di tale atteggiamento analitico con alcune intuizioni epistemologiche di Jung e Bion. La psiche verrà considerata come un'unità complessa mente/corpo, dotata di molti livelli di funzionamento (sottosistemi) raggruppabili in tre grandi aree: corporea, affettiva, e di pensiero. Ognuna di queste aree si esprime con un linguaggio diverso e solo il lavoro di integrazione sincronica dei sottosistemi crea la sensazione di possedere un Sé coeso. La seduta analitica può essere vista come un incontro tra due sistemi complessi che si attivano reciprocamente, creando un campo transferale multidimensionale. Non ci sono significati nascosti che il paziente cercherebbe inconsciamente di occultare, ma livelli di esperienza non integrati tra loro. L'articolo si chiude con una vignetta clinica, che mostra un processo di integrazione parallela e sincronica di elementi sub-simbolici, processo che coinvolge tanto l'analista quanto il paziente. Tale integrazione amplia le prospettive relazionali e autoconoscitive di entrambi i soggetti.

The article deals with the analysis of the didactic potentialof advertising as an authentic material used in the study offoreign languages. At the lessons focusing on RegionalStudies issues, advertising texts are thought to be the basis forimplementing all of the education system components: theselection of subject and language material, presentation ofselected material for students, and its further activization.At the same time, the authentic material has certain features,including fragmentation, division into small parts, and mosaics.Manifestations of fragmentation in fiction, painting, music andInternet discourse are systematized. Analyzing the results ofprevious research, promising and retrospective activities inrelation to the main stage of work are discovered, aimed atpartially smoothing the fragmentary nature of the material, workwith it and socio-cultural ideas that are formed in students. Themain part of the article substantiates the effectiveness of anotherway to achieve the integrity and coherence of educationalmaterial. It is about emphasizing the connection between twoadjacent advertising texts, their simultaneous demonstration anduse. The idea of pendant corresponds to this way of organizingmaterial in the fine arts. The logic of the pendant is thatcombining two objects makes it possible to observe, study andcompare, creating a volume. The role of comparison in learningis considered and relevant tasks based on advertising areproposed. It turns out that the students’ heuristic search createsthe optimal psychological basis to obtain objectively correctsocio-cultural information when comparing connections andrelationships between paired texts as well as objects andphenomena that are reflected in them. The principle of pendantis also embodied in the famous game Memory. The pairs areseparate advertising texts of culturally oriented topics («Yearin France: dates, holidays, events», «French regions», «Paris»,«History of France»), which together are able to present anobject / phenomenon / event from different sides, with differentfeatures, in dynamics. The general rules of this game andadditional recommendations on how to play are given. Theactivity content is illustrated by the description of the denotationcard related to the history of France. The proposed methods ofwork may be included in the main activity aimed at forminglinguistic and socio-cultural competency among students withthe use of advertising materials. The didactic material andmethods of working with it can also be used in studying Frenchat the advanced level in secondary school.

This study sought to discover what aspects of the nature of science (NOS) should be emphasized to nurture great scientists. To this end, educational practices in the Sommerfeld school, regarded as highly successful in scientist education, were analyzed and compared with past and present educational practices. Sommerfeld school’s educational practices include lecture, seminar, colloquium, seminary, and out-of-class education. Common features of the educational practices include (1) open-mindedness based on pleasant relationships, (2) challenging and specific problem-centered learning, (3) intellectual coherence of various topics, and (4) pursuit of shared opinions about problems. Furthermore, explicitly or implicitly, several aspects of NOS—tentativeness, empirical nature, theory-ladenness, creativity, and social dimension—relate to these features. Comparison with other scientist education reveals that the culture of social consensus based on criticism might have contributed significantly to Sommerfeld school’s educational success. Study results imply that science professors should work to improve an understanding of social consensus based on criticism.

This paper responds to the call for more comparative research across online social media platforms (Graham and Hardaker 2017, 808) and examines discourse across two such platforms, YouTube and Reddit. More specifically, it attempts to investigate whether the affordances of these platforms have an impact on the amount and form of impoliteness employed by their users. Data on a highly contested topic (the July 2018 wildfires in Attica, Greece) is studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, small but representative samples are qualitatively analyzed on the basis of the two major impoliteness types: implicational and conventionalized and their subcategories. In addition, swearword keywords extracted by means of corpus analysis tools are analyzed. It is shown that YouTube involves a great deal of (conventionalized) impoliteness (Culpeper 2011a) which could be due to factors such as the total absence of moderation, of post length limit and of detailed personal profiles as well as the presence of videos as stimuli for interaction. Considerably less impoliteness appears on Reddit, whose forum-like nature makes it a place that mostly invites civil interaction. Implicationally impolite (Culpeper 2011a) posts outnumber conventionally impolite ones, perhaps owing to the heavy moderation, the existence of public profiles and the size and coherence of the user community. It is concluded that, due to their characteristics, platforms seem to attract a certain userbase with its own motives and mindset, which in turn shape the impoliteness found within them.

the article is devoted to the study of the general principles of the influence of law and morality on modern civil society. It is argued that in a crisis of moral regulation of social relations, their legal regulation will lose its effectiveness due to a number of objective and subjective factors. It is concluded that the interaction and coherence between law and traditional morality in society is the key to the effective functioning and development of civil society.

This systematic review synthesizes the empirical literature examining pragmatic language in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a taxonomy of pragmatic language, we compared the pragmatic language profiles of children with ADHD to those of typically developing (TD) children and children with autism. Three databases were searched up to October 2019: PsychInfo; PubMed; and CSA Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts. We included 34 studies reporting on 2,845 children (ADHD = 1,407; TD = 1,058; autism = 380). Quality and risk of bias assessments included sample size and representativeness; measure reliability and validity; and missing data management. Children with ADHD were found to have higher rates of pragmatic difficulties than their TD peers. Specific difficulties were identified with inappropriate initiation, presupposition, social discourse, and narrative coherence. Children with ADHD appear to differ from those with autism in the degree of their pragmatic language impairments. General language skills contribute to, but do not explain, pragmatic difficulties in samples of children with ADHD. Though the extant evidence is limited, a preliminary profile of the pragmatic language impairments in children with ADHD is indicated. This supports a call for evidence-based interventions that include pragmatic language skills training.

In this paper, I attempt a bridge between linguistics, in particular text pragmatics, and school reading of literary texts. I propose a linguistic model of these peculiarities of the reading of literary texts, especially poetry, that have been called ‘aesthetic reading’, arguing that a linguistically founded basis is what is lacking for school engagement with (not only literary) texts. In the last years there has been extensive research on the linguistics-literature interface; however, what is surprisingly still missing, is a consistent linguistic model of literary reading. In this paper, I propose such a model and show that ‘aesthetic reading’ involves a distinct reading strategy that can be captured in terms of text-world-models and the differentiation between coherence and text sense displaying. Consciously reading poetry amounts, linguistically seen, to a close reading (i) especially focusing marked expressions, i.e., deviations from phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and textpragmatic routines, (ii) maintaining of unsolved ambiguities and thus (iii) generating an array of ‘authorized inferences’ that can be productively used for a principled plurality of interpretations. I specify this proposal and illustrate it with two cases of marked pronominal reference, arguing that my proposal has some important implications that make it particularly suitable for school context.

While the creation and still outstanding implementation of the Unified Patent Jurisdiction system continue to cause contentious debates among academics and practitioners, the system introduced in the early 1990s for adjudication of conflicts concerning unitary trade marks (and, later on, unitary design rights) had the charm of simplicity. Building on the national court systems instead of providing for a genuine EU judiciary, the scheme could easily be fitted into existing structures. On the other hand, the imperfect, limping character of the system creates issues inter alia concerning international jurisdiction and applicable law. Furthermore, attributing jurisdiction in infringement litigation to separate national court hierarchies may jeopardize the coherence of the system. While the prospects for reform may be dim insofar as the system in its entirety is concerned, the detrimental effects of fragmentation could be overcome at least to some extent by creating a unitary catalogue of sanctions.

El artículo reporta los hallazgos de una experiencia educativa que consistió en realizar lecturas y tertulias de misceláneos como estrategia didáctica para la comprensión y actualización de conceptos químicos en estudiantes cursantes de las asignaturas de química, ISFODOSU-JVM. En tal sentido, se planteó desarrollar una práctica pedagógica que permitió comparar los posibles avances, y estimar la efectividad de las jornadas de actualización y manejo de términos básicos, en la estructuración de conceptos y desarrollo de competencias investigativas, y la construcción de conocimiento colaborativo, mejoras en la comprensión lectora, entre otras. Se plantearon: fase de diagnóstico, intervención con lecturas y tertulias químicas, y análisis de los resultados; lográndose un notable aumento en la participación espontánea y creativa, con coherencia en análisis, respetando la diversidad de pensamiento científico, incorporación de nuevos términos y mejoras en el lenguaje científico, entre otros factores; lo que evidencia que la experiencia educativa utilizada ayudó al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de química.

On 7 January 2021, Jan Blommaert died aged 59, after a ten-month battle with cancer. He was an extraordinary person and a brilliant academic, and there have been a great many very moving personal accounts of how much Jan meant to the people he interacted with. I knew and worked with him for over twenty-five years, and during his protracted illness, for me and for a lot of others, it was good to be able to tell him directly how much I owed him. But beyond the warm, hospitable, humorous and hugely energising individual we knew, Jan was profoundly committed to—indeed lived—a programme of sociolinguistics that he often traced to the writings of Dell Hymes, the founder ofLanguage in Society. A number of this programme's core elements were spelled out in the introduction to Hymes’ ground-breaking 1969 collection,Reinventing Anthropology, a ‘book… for people for whom “the way things are” is not reason enough for the ways things are, who find fundamental questions pertinent and in need of personal answer’ (1969:7). For my account of the value and vitality that Jan brought to sociolinguistics, I have borrowed from the title of Hymes’ introduction, ‘The use of anthropology: Critical, political, personal’ and, as well as citing some of Jan's own words, I also draw on the reflections of others as evidence of the vigour, clarity, and coherence with which he articulated a practice and purpose for work on language in society.

The purpose of the article. To advance arguments for the coherence of the fundamental concepts in the theories of bibliopsychology by Mykola Rubakin and information metabolism of Anthony Kempinski and therefore to justify the feasibility of complex-systemic use of these theories to stipulate the latest holistic epistemological doctrine. The methodology of the research implies the application of general scientific and special methods, namely: conceptual logical-notional analysis and synthesis on the basis of analytical-synthetic processing of information; logical and system approaches based on the comparative method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the actualization of the theories by M. Rubakin, A. Kempinski through positioning them as coherent, in particular, by establishing relationships between them at the level of individual aspects of the creation and functioning of terminology, basic conceptual elements and postulates of a holistic independent system as correlates; hence it aims at expanding ideas about the importance of these concepts for the formation of the latest disciplinary matrix of the system of social communications, modernization of higher library-informationeducation, improving the practical activities of information and library sphere. The phenomenon of coherence in the system of modern scientific discourse is presented as a promising methodological concept used by various scientific communities, given the current trend towards complex systemic interdisciplinary research. Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the theories of bibliopsychology and information metabolism has proved their coherence at the level of original term compounds and fundamental concepts. Moreover, the study established the prospects and feasibility of individual special studies aiming at systematization and synthesis, which will ensure the future integration of other related concepts and theories, as well as create a general synergy effect in the study of cognitive theory.Key words: bibliopsychology, information metabolism, coherence, utilization of bibliopsychological values, mnemonics.

Philosophy and AI have had a difficult relationship from the beginning. The “classic” period from 1950 to 2000 saw four major conflicts, first about the logical coherence of AI as an endeavor, and then about architecture, semantics, and the Frame Problem. Since 2000, these early debates have been largely replaced by arguments about consciousness and ethics, arguments that now involve neuroscientists, lawyers, and economists as well as AI scientists and philosophers. We trace these developments, and speculate about the future.

As English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, it is expected that they should have good ability in four skills of English, including writing skill. However, errors are still found in students’ written works. This paper examines the different types of writing errors made by 10 Indonesian undergraduate students who were enrolled in an IELTS preparation class. Descriptive qualitative research was employed in this study. The errors in the term papers were identified and classified accordingly. The students’ works were assessed based on four aspects: task achievement, cohesion and coherence, lexical resource, grammatical range, and accuracy. The result of this study showed that the highest percentage of students’ errors was in terms of lexical resource and grammatical range (accuracy), followed by three other common errors: singular or plural, word choice, and punctuation. Regarding to the task achievement, in Task 1, most of the students addressed the task but they didn't cover all the information needed. While in Task 2, some students presented clear opinions but with limited and inadequately developed ideas and gave no conclusion. Furthermore, for the results of cohesion and coherence in Task 1, most students showed good logical sequence and overall progression but with faulty cohesion devices. However in Task 2, some students presented either incoherent or illogical ideas or information. These results contribute as fruitful insights for language learners who want to enhance the IELTS comprehension, particularly writing performance.

In this study, the researchers reviewed the current literature of Malay essay writing that highlighted most students were lacking the essential skills to write good narrative essays, with most of their works lacking depth, elaborations, strong contents, coherence, and grammatical integrity. Against this backdrop, the researchers proposed a teaching and learning intervention with the use of thinking maps as a learning tool for the teaching and learning process of Malay narrative essay writing based on the year-five Malay Language curriculum by focusing on three principles of the writing of children’s stories, namely curiosity, challenge, and suspense. With such a thinking tool, teachers can help their students to search for and organize ideas for their essays in a structured, systematic fashion, the infusion of which can help them create interesting, moving stories. From a grammatical standpoint, students’ essays will consist of cohesive sentences and coherent paragraphs, which makes reading a smooth, enjoyable experience to the reader.

The core challenge of steganography is always how to improve the hidden capacity and the concealment. Most current generation-based linguistic steganography methods only consider the probability distribution between text characters, and the emotion and topic of the generated steganographic text are uncontrollable. Especially for long texts, generating several sentences related to a topic and displaying overall coherence and discourse-relatedness can ensure better concealment. In this article, we address the problem of generating coherent multi-sentence texts for better concealment, and a topic-aware neural linguistic steganography method that can generate a steganographic paragraph with a specific topic is present. We achieve a topic-controllable steganographic long text generation by encoding the related entities and their relationships from Knowledge Graphs. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can guarantee both the quality of the generated steganographic text and its relevance to a specific topic. The proposed model can be widely used in covert communication, privacy protection, and many other areas of information security.

The practice of generating and interpreting stories can be examined through a behavioral lens and has many potential implications for clinical practice. However, storytelling has for the most part yet to be integrated into the field of contextual behavioral science (CBS). A bedrock of human culture, storytelling has influenced both individual behavior and intergroup cooperation for millennia. Basic principles of relational frame theory, such as those pertaining to coherence, perspective-taking, and the transformation of stimulus function, may help to reveal how stories derive their psychological impact. In turn, understanding storytelling from a CBS perspective can facilitate the broader integration of narrative methods into clinical interventions, which may help in expanding the reach and impact of individual, group, and self-help interventions. Suggestions for integrating storytelling into practice are provided as are future directions for studying the behavioral mechanisms of storytelling.

This study aims to investigate the effect of peer-assisted prewriting discussion on second language (L2) academic writing and its benefits for students with different proficiency levels. While there is a significant body of research exploring the positive impact of collaboration on L2 writers' written performance and the ways it could be organised, there is little practical consideration on how to formulate explicit instruction. The rationale for this research lies in designing and arranging explicit instruction that could lead to L2 learners producing a higher quality writing output. Based on both qualitative and quantitative methods, and drawn on students’ written texts and data analysis, the current study was conducted to devise and test a proposed model, which the author will term the ‘collaborative discussion model’ (the CDM). The control and experimental groups of Russian EFL students (n = 48) were engaged in written assignments after naturally occurring discussions and then the latter group was involved in an instructor-led discussion. The practice writing tasks were rated with the analytic rubric used in IELTS, assessing task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical resource, and grammatical range. The findings suggest that collaborative prewriting tasks, accomplished in the experimental group of students with different levels of L2 proficiency, may encourage students to engage more in reflection about the content and language of the text. As the texts produced after introducing the CDM were scored higher, especially on the criteria of task response and lexical resource, it is suggested that scaffolding prewriting discussions can potentially augment the writing skills of learners and the CDM can be used as a complementary activity to address the challenges associated with academic writing. The results of the questionnaire can imply that there are benefits of explicit instruction for students with different levels of L2 proficiency, although in nuanced ways and different degrees.

This paper suggests how mutual understanding and respect may be fostered between very different fields of research, which seem to have little in common. The meaning and value of each field, and the relationships among them, are revealed using Dooyeweerd's aspects. Dooyeweerd is rare among philosophers in having made an intensive study of the diversity and coherence of meaningfulness. In this way, researchers in one field can more fully understand the ways in which findings or research in other fields are meaningful. Dooyeweerd's inter-aspect relationships help us understand the types of relationship a field might have with others.

Where legal-lay communication involves linguistic difference between participants, institutional and scholarly responses have long focused on the translation of propositional content, but there is increasing evidence that the pragmatic implications of communicating in different languages or varieties are equally important. Drawing on research on interpreting in small claims court ( Angermeyer, 2015 ) and on recent studies on the treatment of speakers of African American English in US courts (e.g. Rickford and King, 2016 ), this paper explores how the ability of individuals to communicate in the courtroom, specifically to give narrative testimony, is impacted by the ways in which legal professionals approach linguistic difference. The observed practices of court interpreting and attorneys' practices of questioning speakers of other dialects both lead to a fragmentation of narrative ( Harris, 2001 ), reducing the coherence of testimony by comparison to that of participants whose language use matches the expectations of the court more closely. These observations converge with findings of other studies that have likewise shown how interpreting practices constrain the participation of other language speakers in institutional settings, and it is argued that advocacy for other-language or other-dialect speakers should consider such pragmatic inequality, rather than focus on the transference of referential meaning alone.

David Cameron’s leadership of the Conservatives took as its starting point the assumption that the party needed to modernise, requiring a move towards the political ‘centre ground’. This shift presented the party leadership with a series of challenges, including brand detoxification, party management, and policy renewal. Modernisation also implied ideological change, to distance the Conservatives from the legacy of Thatcherism and realign conservatism with the values of a wider section of the electorate. In this respect, Cameronite modernisation can be judged a failure. This article suggests that ontological contradictions inherent in central elements of Cameron’s conservatism, specifically the ‘Big Society’ and the ‘social justice agenda’, fatally undermined its ideological coherence. It argues that this is an important and hitherto overlooked part of the explanation for the shortcomings of Conservative Party modernisation as a political project. Although this is only one part in a wider explanation for the failure of Conservative modernisation, this case study demonstrates that ontological assumptions matter in political practice.

A topic model is one of the best stochastic models for summarizing an extensive collection of text. It has accomplished an inordinate achievement in text analysis as well as text summarization. It can be employed to the set of documents that are represented as a bag-of-words, without considering grammar and order of the words. We modeled the topics for Gujarati news articles corpus. As the Gujarati language has a diverse morphological structure and inflectionally rich, Gujarati text processing finds more complexity. The size of the vocabulary plays an important role in the inference process and quality of topics. As the vocabulary size increases, the inference process becomes slower and topic semantic coherence decreases. If the vocabulary size is diminished, then the topic inference process can be accelerated. It may also improve the quality of topics. In this work, the list of suffixes has been prepared that encounters too frequently with words in Gujarati text. The inflectional forms have been reduced to the root words concerning the suffixes in the list. Moreover, Gujarati single-letter words have been eliminated for faster inference and better quality of topics. Experimentally, it has been proved that if inflectional forms are reduced to their root words, then vocabulary length is shrunk to a significant extent. It also caused the topic formation process quicker. Moreover, the inflectional forms reduction and single-letter word removal enhanced the interpretability of topics. The interpretability of topics has been assessed on semantic coherence, word length, and topic size. The experimental results showed improvements in the topical semantic coherence score. Also, the topic size grew notably as the number of tokens assigned to the topics increased.

Cohesion and coherence have an important role in writing essays, both those that will write or those that have become essays. Therefore this study aims to determine the use of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village. The object of this research is the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The subject of this research is the sentence which contains the type of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The approach used is a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach is an approach that presents data in the form of sentences. The design of this research is by collecting data, then the data is grouped according to the use of cohesion and coherence types, then the data is analyzed and presented in an informal form. Data collection techniques using reading techniques and note taking techniques. The technique of presenting the results of the analysis using informal techniques. Informal techniques are techniques that present data in the form of common words that are easily understood by the reader. The results of this study are grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion and coherence types. Grammatical cohesion includes: reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. The use of lexical cohesion are of two types namely, repetition and collocation. The use of coherence there are five relationships, namely: the sum relationship, the sequential relationship, the resistance relationship, the causal relationship, and the time relationship.

Como parte de pesquisa mais ampla acerca das contribuições do ensino de Astronomia na educação de crianças e adolescentes da Era Digital, este artigo traz contribuições bibliográficas para melhor compreensão da geração imersa numa cultura digital e sua relação com a educação em Astronomia, a partir dos apontamentos da nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular brasileira (BNCC). O documento sugere a integração dos conteúdos e experimentos com as diversas tecnologias e soluções digitais, o que demonstra coerência com o comportamento e as circunstâncias das crianças e adolescentes da Era Digital. Dessa forma, apontamos que aliar softwares, aplicativos, programas e ferramentas digitais a sessões de observação celeste, contemplação do céu noturno, pesquisas históricas sobre povos originários e conteúdos relevantes à compreensão da humanidade e seu papel no Universo pode ser um dos caminhos possíveis para uma educação que contemple as dimensões da contemporaneidade e engaje os pequenos sujeitos tecnológicos em desenvolvimento.

The paper considers relations between two fundamental linguistic categories, which are interrogativity and text coherence. In particular, the problem of representation of the coherence category in interrogative utterances is being analyzed. The aim of the article is to study the means of coherence used in interrogative utterances in Waterland by G. Swift. This novel was chosen to provide material for investigation as it is characterized by explicit interrogation which serves to facilitate cohesion. Based on the text of the novel, we created a database including 932 interrogative utterances. To research the material, the methods of component, contextual, syntactical, stylistic analysis were employed. According to the author’s hypothesis, a variety of lexical, grammatical and phonetic means provide coherence of interrogative utterances at microlevel of a literary text. Among the lexical means of coherence presented in the novel under investigation, we found full and partial lexical repetition, repetition of synonyms and antonyms, repetition of interrogative pronouns and adverbs. Among grammatical means of coherence, there are presented full and partial repetition of an interrogative utterance, anaphora, syntactical parallelism, chiasmus, parenthesis, participle clauses and tense agreement of verbs. Among phonetic means of coherence, there were found alliteration, assonance and rhythm. The discovered means of coherence serve to form not only a syntactical but also a semantical unity of a literary text.

The first translation of Freud published in Portugal appears to have been a version of the 1905 text Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie, which came out in November 1932 named Sexualidade. Published by the Atica Press in a collection entitled Scientia Vitae, the translator's name – Osorio de Oliveira – was, surprisingly, displayed in a prominent position on the title page. A comparison between this translation, Freud's original and a French version by Blanche Reverchon, that had come out shortly before, shows that it was a case of indirect translation, which reproduced many of the characteristics of the intermediary version. For example, while Freud's original enables the reader to follow the thought processes behind his hypotheses and scientific conclusions, both of the translated texts are much less tentative. This paper explores the circumstances surrounding the production of this Portuguese translation at that moment, the translational options made, and the effect of both on the text's reception. Particular attention is given to the domain of lexis – creation of neologisms, terminological consistency and coherence – and modalization, and whether the terminological options caught on and were reproduced in subsequent translations and commentaries. KEYWORDS: Freud, Translator's Visibility, Manipulation, Vocabulary Creation, Translation Norms This paper explores the circumstances surrounding the production of this Portuguese translation at this particular moment, the translational options made and the effect of both on the text's reception. Particular attention is given to the domain of lexis - creation of neologisms, terminological consistency and coherence - and modalization, and whether the terminological options caught on and were reproduced in subsequent translations and commentaries.

Translatorship attribution deals with accurately attributing a translation to its translator. The task is challenging because several factors can confound the attribution such as the original author’s style, genre, and topic of the text. The attribution and the identification of the translator’s style could contribute to fields including translation studies and forensic linguistics. In this paper, we pose translatorship attribution as a multiclass classification problem and employ machine learning algorithms. To address the problem of confounding, we use corpora of English translations of the same source material (parallel corpora) to identify the translators’ personal style. We propose two novel feature sets in this task: i) a list of cohesive markers with and without their surrounding punctuation and ii) syntactic n -grams to capture real syntactic information. We employ $\chi ^{2}$ feature selection and, using 10-fold cross-validation, assess the accuracy of several classifiers trained with our proposed features and with word, punctuation, POS, and POS-punctuation n -grams. The results show that the proposed features yield comparable and even higher accuracy results than the reported in the literature on the same corpora and prove that POS-punctuation n -grams are an effective feature set for this task. We also recover the most distinctive features and provide examples of stylistic interpretations of them for each translator. Finally, using insights from causal inference, where confounding is well-defined and studied, we provide a novel explanation for the accepted need of using parallel and contemporaneous corpora on this task and for the different results among types of features.

Towards tackling the phenomenon of textual information overload that is exponentially pumping with redundancy over the Internet, this paper investigates a solution depending on the Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) method. The idea of ATS is to assist, e.g., online readers, in getting a simplified version of texts for preserving their time/effort required to skim a given large body of text. However, ATS is deemed as one of the most complex NLP applications, particularly for the Arabic language that has not been intelligently developed like the other Indo-European languages. Thus, we present an extractive-based summarizer (ArDBertSum) for text written in Arabic, relying on the DistilBERT model. Besides, we propose a domain-specific sentence-clauses segmentater (SCSAR) to support our ArDBertSum in further shortening long/complex sentences. The results of our experiments illustrate that our ArDBertSum yields the best performance, compared with non-heuristic Arabic summarizers, in producing an acceptable quality of candidate summaries. These experiments have been conducted on EASC-dataset (along with our proposed dataset) to report on (1) a statistical evaluation utilizing ROUGE metrics and (2) a specific human-based evaluation. The human evaluation results revealed promising perceptions; however, further works are needed to ameliorate the coherence and punctuation of the automatic summaries.