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This study investigated how personality traits mediated the relationship between the parental Internet mediation and Internet usage (time and engagement) of Chinese children. A sample of 975 children from two Chinese primary schools, average age was 10.26 years old, was asked to report their Internet use time (daily and weekend), Internet engagement (information, entertainment and social interaction), parental Internet mediation, and their personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism personality). Results indicated: 1) the restrictive mediation was negatively linked to children’s Internet use time, and the other two mediation dimensions (active and co-use) were positively linked to children’s Internet engagement. 2) The extraversion personality mediated the association between the three mediation dimensions and children’s internet engagement, and the neuroticism personality only mediated the relationship between active mediation and use time. The present study highlights the importance of children’s personality as a link between parental role and children’s Internet-related behavior.

Based on a sample of 955 elementary school children in central China, the present study examined family socio-economic status and parent-child relationships in relation to children’s social creativity, as well as the mediating role of personality traits in these associations. Family environment (socio-economic status and parent-child relationships) and personality traits were significantly correlated with social creativity; children openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion partly mediated the relationship between family environment and social creativity when controlling for age and sex. These results are important for explaining the roles of the family environment and individual factors in shaping children’s social creativity.

Research has demonstrated the important roles of dispositional optimism played in individuals' life quality. But little is known about age differences in dispositional optimism especially in late childhood and adolescence. This study examined age differences in dispositional optimism in Chinese children and adolescents ( N = 2738; M age = 12.75 years; SD = 2.53; age range 9–19). Results revealed that the bi-dimensional structure of dispositional optimism (i.e., optimism and pessimism) was similar in each grade. Optimism had a negative linear pattern with age. Pessimism decreased from strongly to weakly, showing a curvilinear pattern with age. Overall optimism (representing the presence of optimism and the lack of pessimism) had a positive linear relationship with age. Moreover, only the development of pessimism was moderated by gender and family socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that dispositional optimism varies by age, and that optimism and pessimism are partially independent.

Research has demonstrated that family socioeconomic status is an important determinant of people's life satisfaction, in that individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds are typically less satisfied with their life than the rich. But little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The present study examined the mediation effect of adolescents' self-esteem in the association between socioeconomic status and life satisfaction, and whether this mediating process was moderated by optimism. A sample of 668 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 14.53 years, SD = 1.81) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding SES, life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the association between SES and life satisfaction was mediated by self-esteem. Moreover, the mediating effect of self-esteem was moderated by optimism, with the mediating effect being stronger for individuals with low optimism than for those with high optimism. These findings can be beneficial to our understanding of how and when SES impacts adolescents' well-being. Moreover, the present study highlighted the importance of using the organism-environment interaction to explore potential protective factors for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. A person cannot choose where he comes from (e.g., low socioeconomic status), but can choose whom he wants to be (e.g., optimist).

The mitigation of earthquake disasters in Shandong province are briefly introduced composition and function of the intellectual property system, as well as the project background, the demand of construction of the system. Intellectual property system is introduced based on the basic principle of Gpon technology and the construction of the advanced mode. Combination of industry information construction and the development of future business planning, architecture design, from the network technology is introduced, system building, etc., for the construction of the intellectual property system was analyzed, and the passive optical network based intelligent property development direction for the construction of the proposed his own view.