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This paper investigates metaphor in Hakka proverbs by examining a corpus of 933 couplets based on a refined analytic framework from Lakoff & Turner (1989). For the source domain, the being of the state of affairs and the rhetorical relations of the two chunks are identified. For the target domain, the projected theme and the connotative tendency are examined. The results show that source domains significantly correlate with the rhetorical relations and target domains, respectively. Four metaphorical mapping mechanisms based on the generic is specific metaphor are proposed for the operation of the global construal. A mirror image mapping is demonstrated: whole-for-part metonymy in the source domain and part-for-whole metonymy in the target domain. Both the evoked knowledge schemas, encompassing real-life Hakka folk experiences, and the projected themes, including family values, individual characters, and evaluations or standards of life, are found to be culturally constrained. A coalescence of linguistic, cultural, and affective forces is claimed to represent the metaphors in Hakka proverbs. The study contributes to a better understanding of metaphors in proverbs by establishing a solid ground from their linguistic and cultural features, and to expanding the conceptual metaphor theory by building the conceptual universality with specific cultural information.

BACKGROUND Deciding on a disease modifying therapy (DMT) for the treatment of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) often presents a challenge to families. Parents are often overwhelmed by DMT choices, but they desire to be an integral part of the decision making process for their child. There is no standard approach for how best to involve families in this process. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of decision making related to the use of disease modifying therapy in parents of children and adolescents with POMS. METHODS The research aim was addressed using a descriptive survey design. Participants were recruited from the Pediatric MS and Related Disorders Program at Boston Children's Hospital as well as from the Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Alliance online Facebook group. RESULTS Overall, fewer than half of parents felt very satisfied with the DMT they chose for their child with POMS (44%). Parental satisfaction with the decision making process increased with a high level of control of the process (p

This study aims to know the socio-cultural aspects of the discourse kada to minaa Toraja in the formation of the character of learners. This research method is qualitative with an ethnographic design. The data analysis technique in this study is Ethnographic Research Cycle. The results of this study showed that the socio-cultural aspects of kada to minaa Toraja discourse in the formation of the character of learners are: First, the aspect of politeness value in kada to minaa , namely Mekatabe' londong lako to disa'bu' gayang ma'pampang ma'paran-paran . Second, the religious aspect of kada to minaa "Di posulo sulo lalan di pobia' kalambanan." Third, aspects of social practice or habits/rituals contained in kada to minaa , namely "Laku olapa umbating lakulomban pamario." Fourth, aspects of family values in the expression " Totiumba' Batu Rupanna tama Tandung Kalonaran ." Fifth, aspects of the value of humility in kada to minaa "Tang lara'ba pa te riu laku lessa', tangmaupu' pa' te umpalumba' sangpatikan anna bisara." Sixth, the religious aspect of kada to minaa speech is "Antan Tundan tongan mora Puang dimatua dao masua anggana to palulungan dao pataralayukna."

The problem with the education, socialization and upbringing of Roma children in Bulgaria is serious and requires the joint efforts of universities and schools. For many of these children, education is not a value. They study only in primary school and then remain traditionally in their family. It must be recognized that traditional family values ​​and traditions for the Roma have the force of law. Many Roma families managed to socialize by leaving the ghetto and settling in Bulgarian communities - but many of them do not want to change their lifestyle. The cooperation between the schools and the university is presented in the university project "Innovations in the socialization of bilingual students through communication and speech development" presented here. A methodological innovation for the education of Roma children has been introduced. This innovation combines tradition (Roma fairy tale) and the development of reader literacy, thinking, and solving cases. A total of 415 Roma students participated in the empirical study. With their participation in the project it is established that they increase their reading skills, learn the Bulgarian language better and develop critical thinking.

Family values and culture play a crucial role in the sexual behaviour of young adults. Due to lack of research, it is difficult to understand how Bhutanese family values and culture impact the sexual behaviour of young adults. Bhutanese are known for taking pride in their family values and culture and this is vividly brought out in this paper as a context to the study being carried out. This study employed a qualitative approach to understand the perceptions of pre-service student teachers (16 Key Informant & 2 Focus Group Interviews) regarding the influence of family values on their sexual behaviour. The findings indicate a presence of strong influence of family values and culture on the sexual behaviour of young adults. However, the findings tentatively suggest that the age of parents, education of parents, region, and religion do not influence their sexual behaviour. This small-scale study sets a foundation for a more expansive study on the role of family values in shaping the sexual behaviour of college students. This paper also presents the implications of the findings.

The aim of the article is to model the situation of oral communication of UkrainianRussian bilinguals within a family by its parameters: topic, place, time, participants. For the purpose of the analysis, the descriptive method and the method of discourse analysis are employed. The paper studied audio recordings of oral interfamily communication among Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals and surzhyk speakers from town and village in the Sumy region. By interfamily communicative interaction we understand a type of everyday communication in which members of different families are involved, who are related by blood (provided they live separately), by marriage or by being godparents. Communication within a family circle is predominately cooperative. However, compared to communication within a wider circle of friends it is more prone to conflict; the interlocutors are, therefore, more likely to follow formal rules for polite conversation. Interfamily speech interaction can be both phatic and informative; it manifests itself through oral (dialogues and polylogues) and written (letters, including emails) communication. However, both forms are characterized by non-codified speech. We have identified the main features of communicative behavior of members of different families taking into account such extralinguistic factors as social role, status, age and gender of interlocutors. We have singled out the specific features of interfamily communication in the context of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. We have established, in particular, that both the choice of the language means and the code switching are determined by the following: changes in the topic of conversation, its duration, the birthplace of speakers and the region where they live as well as their respective status and role. In their speech behavior, men employ the tactics of assertiveness, seek to conform to the stereotypes of masculinity. Women, especially the older ones, employ the tactics of transferring their life experience and family values and seek to maintain communicative balance. The older generation is more communicatively active than the young. Further research will test the obtained results against a larger body of empirical data.

Modern technology, especially the Internet, has invaded all homes, and Internet addiction has become a societal phenomenon among members of society, whether young or old, especially the husband’s addiction to the Internet, which has a great impact on the wife’s feeling of marital alienation within her family, her feeling of marital isolation, dissatisfaction with her family life and the weakness of family values as a result of her feeling that her husband does not share her life tasks with her, and his constant preoccupation with the Internet and the consequent moral and social problems. The current research aims mainly to determine the relationship between the husband’s addiction to the Internet and marital alienation among a sample of wives. The research tools consisted of: the general family data form, the husband’s Internet addiction questionnaire, the wife’s marital alienation questionnaire with its dimensions (marital isolation, dissatisfaction with family life, weakness family values). The research sample consisted of (212) wives residing with their husbands and their husbands use the Internet and from different economic and social levels. Methodology: descriptive analytical method was used in the research. Results of the research were: There is a positive, statistically significant correlation at the level (0.01) between the husband's addiction to the Internet and the wife's marital alienation with its dimensions (marital isolation, dissatisfaction with family life, weak family values). There is a positive, statistically significant correlation at a significance level of (0.01) between the husband’s addiction to the Internet and the husband’s educational level. There is no statistically significant correlation between the husband’s addiction to the Internet and the husband’s age, wife’s age, marriage duration and the number of family members. There is a negative statistically significant correlation at( 0. 05), between the marital alienation of the wife and the number of family members, there is a positive, statistically significant correlation at( 0.01) between the marital alienation of the wife and the age of the wife, no significant differences statistically significance between the wives of the study sample in both the husband’s addiction to the Internet and the marital alienation of the wife according to the place of residence (rural, urban), and there is a statistically significant variance between the wives in the study sample in both the husband’s addiction to the Internet and the wife’s marital alienation according to the husband’s occupation in favor of husbands without work, There is no statistically significant variance between the wives of the study sample in each of the husband's addiction to the Internet and the wife's marital relationship according to the level of the family's monthly income. Recommendations: preparing educational seminars, awareness campaigns, and treatment and guidance programs for family members through various social and religious institutions, with the aim of educating them about the uses of the Internet and its various applications that these people deal with in a bad and harmful way to reduce its addiction. Holding training and counseling courses for family members in the concerned authorities to reduce the severity of marital alienation between spouses, the assistance of specialists in the field of psychology, sociology and family counseling through the media and designing talk shows to enhance family cohesion and reduce marital alienation between spouses.

Background: Over the last few decades, Australian families have undergone profound changes, including fewer marriages, more divorces, and an increase in double-income families, resulting in a qualitative shift in understanding the family today. Objective: This paper investigates whether generational differences in family values and religious beliefs are at the core of changes to the family structure. Methods: Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we apply the Age–Period–Cohort Detrended (APCD) methodology to investigate generational differences in family values and religious beliefs. Results: Results show that changes in family values and religious beliefs are overwhelmingly generational. Cohorts born between 1946 and 1964 (commonly referred to as baby boomers) have significantly contributed to the revolutionary shift in family behaviours and attitudes. Conclusions: The baby boomer generation has played a crucial role in supporting progressive views on marriage, children, gender roles, and religious beliefs. When compared to older and younger cohorts, baby boomers saw the largest shift in family behaviours and attitudes, having matured in a period of rapid economic prosperity and significant social change. The unique events that occurred during their formative years may have influenced these behaviours and attitudes, ultimately contributing to the qualitative shift in the understanding of family. Contribution: Recognising differences between cohorts is essential to our understanding of social change. The APCD models used in this study can detect birth cohort nonlinearities pertaining specifically to the cohort variable. We then search for appropriate explanations of these cohort fluctuations with contextual elements of cohort-specific socialisation and life conditions.

The Fire-Dwellers (1969) is one of the Manawaka series novels of Margaret Laurence. The novel was written at the time when women’s emancipation movements were gaining momentum, primarily in the United States, but in other parts of the world as well. So, clearly, the narrative is largely affected by women’s simmering discontent with their stagnant lives in Canada too. The novel reflects Canadian women’s desire to free themselves from the common drudgery at home and to be part of a more active populace working outside the home, themselves writing the rules of their lives. The woman protagonist in the novel, Stacey MacAindra, is a common housewife taking care of her husband and their four children. She feels she is happy keeping the societal values intact but suddenly feels frustrated realizing one day that she is the only one in her family whose existence in the family is only for others, while to everyone else in the family their lives are important for themselves, not for others. However, my reading of The Fire-Dwellers is that Margaret Laurence was not in total disregard of family values, or for complete independence of women from the patriarchal system as we see it in women's emancipation movements today.

This article examines the multimodal construction of ideal manhood in male participants’ self-introduction videos in a Chinese reality dating show. A framework is developed to model identity as evaluative attributes and to explicate how they are constructed through linguistic and visual resources. Analysis of 91 videos shows two versions of idealized Chinese masculinity, namely, modern masculinity (mainly embodied by participants who have won a date), and traditional masculinity (mainly embodied by participants who have not won a date). Modern masculinity highlights career-oriented qualities, socio-economic status, and luxurious lifestyles, while traditional masculinity highlights family values, skills in Chinese cultural heritage, and class mobility. The findings provide new understandings of the complexity of Chinese masculinity in the dating show context, which reflects the influence of capitalist globalization on the one hand, and the government’s attempt to govern public conduct and morality on the other.

What is morality? How many moral values are there? And what are they? According to the theory of morality-as-cooperation, morality is a collection of biological and cultural solutions to the problems of cooperation recurrent in human social life. This theory predicts that there will be as many different types of morality as there are different types of cooperation. Previous research, drawing on evolutionary game theory, has identified at least seven different types of cooperation, and used them to explain seven different types of morality: family values, group loyalty, reciprocity, heroism, deference, fairness and property rights. Here we explore the conjecture that these simple moral ‘elements’ combine to form a much larger number of more complex moral ‘molecules’, and that as such morality is a combinatorial system. For each combination of two elements, we hypothesise a candidate moral molecule, and successfully locate an example of it in the professional and popular literature. These molecules include: fraternity, blood revenge, family pride, filial piety, gavelkind, primogeniture, friendship, patriotism, tribute, diplomacy, common ownership, honour, confession, turn taking, restitution, modesty, mercy, munificence, arbitration, mendicancy, and queuing. These findings indicate that morality – like many other physical, biological, psychological and cultural systems – is indeed a combinatorial system. Thus morality-as-cooperation provides a principled and powerful theory, that explains why there are many moral values, and successfully predicts what they will be; and it generates a systematic framework that has the potential to explain all moral ideas, possible and actual. Pursuing the many implications of this theory will help to place the study of morality on a more secure scientific footing.

Ensuring children's rights and family well-being is a priority of every European country. The Republic of North Macedonia, as a candidate country of the European Union, shares the same family values and family policies as the remaining EU member states. However, despite the past governmental efforts in the area of legal harmonization, several gaps have to be fulfilled and policies to be improved to achieve efficient institutions at the European level. To expand existing policies regarding family support, we consider crucial the analysis of the factual situation in the country, as a basic step towards further research. Therefore, this paper aims to initially provide an analysis of the family support legal framework of the country. Secondly, we intend to map governmental and non-governmental institutions in the Republic of North Macedonia which is responsible to provide family, children, and parents' support. By doing so, we can develop additionally omitted family policies or improve existing ones. Finally, the paper will present a list of competencies of the employees of family support institutions to evaluate more peculiarly their staff's skills standards.

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, la capital mexicana experimentó un crecimiento demográfico inusitado. Entre otros aspectos, la migración y el proceso de industrialización llevaron a preocupaciones morales sobre la transformación del espacio urbano y el surgimiento de la mujer moderna. Por su parte, el estado mexicano asoció la epidemia de sífilis de la década de los años veinte con la proliferación de la prostitución. Este marco social propició una abundante producción de cine y música prostibularia que se expresó a través de géneros como el bolero, el danzón y el fox-trot. A través de la proyección en la pantalla de un tema tabú como la prostitución, se reprodujeron mensajes más o menos moralizantes que reforzaban la noción de familia patriarcal y la preservación de la virginidad femenina. Uno de los ejemplos más representativos de este tipo de filmes es Santa (1931). La censura de los géneros musicales prostibularios por parte de los folcloristas mexicanos se alineaba con el modelo de familia promovido por el estado posrevolucionario que reconocía en las mujeres a las encargadas de salvaguardar los valores familiares. El cine y la música de temática prostibularia dejó escaso o nulo espacio para abordar tramas distintas a las del amor romántico, expresado habitualmente por personajes masculinos enamorados las prostitutas, que terminaban siendo los verdaderos protagonistas de estas historias.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mindset of women in Campursari songs using a deconstruction study. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the mindset of women in Campursari songs using deconstruction studies. This research is included in descriptive qualitative research, because the analysis in this study is a description. The data source used is the text of the Campursari song entitled Balungan Kere, Cidro, Penak Kanca, Kartonyono Medot Janji, and Pamer Bojo. The method used in this research is writing, recording, grouping the data, then the data that has been collected is analyzed using data reduction techniques, data interpretation, and data verification. The result of this research is that there is a deconstruction of the opinion / discourse about Javanese women in Serat Wulang Putri above, it can be concluded that Javanese women are very synonymous with Javanese culture such as speaking soft words, being calm, silent (calm), disliking conflict, emphasizing harmony, uphold family values, able to understand and understand others, polite, high self-control, endurance to suffer high, play a role economically and faithfully. Javanese women are women who really uphold Javanese culture. Some other characteristics of Javanese people are patience and neriman (patience and acceptance with grace).

Aim. This article’s goal is to present the discourse concerning paid maternity leaves in the USA in major American media outlets between the years 2014 and 2018. It is an attempt to answer the question whether maternity, caregiving work or family values are contradictory to American work ethic and regulations of the labour market. Methodology. The work is devoted to content analysis of the four most popular American online media, both liberal and conservative. Their content search engines are used to find information and articles on paid maternity leaves and to group them into different categories. Results. Three main categories are distinguished in terms of the content of 302 articles, namely articles with a positive attitude towards paid maternity leaves (248 articles – 82.10%), articles with a negative attitude (20 articles – 6.60%), and neutral articles (34 – 11.30%). In general, Americans see the long-term benefits of paid maternity leaves, but they differ when it comes to the methods of their introduction. Conclusions. There is a conflict between maternity, family values, American work culture, and regulations of the labour market. In American society, individualism, competition, and masculinity of the business culture do not support the values of nurturing and caregiving. Originality. Except for the USA, there is no other country among OECD states which does not provide paid parental leaves for working mothers. Because of the fact that the United States is known to be one of the most developed countries in the world, this information may be considered worth-studying.

From time immemorial, society has been characterized by a specific set of values, the system of which acts as a high level of regulation.Value systems are formed and transformed in the historical development of society.In each society, the value system is determined by the sociocultural, historical, political, cultural, economic conditions of its development, trends in social dynamics, the specifics of a particular period of functioning of society with its difficulties and prospects.The system of values consists of three elements - universal, cultural and individual.This article is aimed at considering methodological approaches to the study of the education of modern youth on the basis of family values, which is included in the element of individual values.The family is one of the main life values for people all over the world and as a system is characterized by the presence of connections and relationships (marital, consanguineous and others) between its constituent elements (family members) and manifests its integrity with an indissoluble unity with the environment (sociocultural reality).Modern youth is going through the process of active formation and development in the family, therefore, in the process of adaptation to the rapidly changing sociocultural reality, they use the system of family values, adapting it to modern conditions.The axiological, personality-activity, gender approaches were also methodological guidelines in the upbringing of the attitude to family values among modern youth.Thus, family values and trends characterizing the state of the family are significant social indicators that educate today's youth.

This study explored the extent to which the relationship between family values and social well-being is explained by well-being orientations. We investigated whether hedonic and eudaimonic motives for activities mediate the effect of family values of roles hierarchy and kin relations on social well-being. Using a cross-sectional survey design, randomly sampled participants from Ghana (N = 390) completed the Family Values Scale, Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities scale, and the Social Well-Being subscale of the Mental Health Continuum. Using structural equation modelling, we tested for direct and indirect effects. The full mediation was well fititng (CFI = .910; RMSEA = .059 [90% CI: .052, .066]). Direct effects between roles hierarchy (family values) and social-well-being as well as between hedonic motives (well-being orientations) and social well-being were significant. The relationship between roles hierarchy and social well-being was mediated by hedonic motives. However, kin relations and eudaimonic motives had a non-sigificant relationship with social well-being. The empirical finding, of how family values as a cultural index intersects with well-being dispositional orientation in the promotion of social well-being, is helpful in the counselling psychology settings. This contribution is particularly relevant in an African sociocultural setting which is known to be characterised by interdependence.

Проаналізовано основні напрями військової та громадсько-політичної діяльності Володимира Кохана в 1920–1930-х роках крізь призму суспільно-політичних процесів у регіоні. Акцентовано увагу на особливостях формування його світогляду, зокрема показано, що підґрунтя виразної національно-патріо-тичної свідомості Володимира Кохана заклали родинні цінності, а також просвітні, громадські установи Галичини, які вели активну освідомлювальну роботу серед українського населення регіону. Розглянуто внесок політика в діяльність Української військової організації (УВО), виокремлено коло його однодумців, серед яких – майбутні лідери національно-державницьких партій Галичини, національно-культурних організацій краю. Відзначено, що, пере-буваючи в УВО в період національно-визвольних змагань, польсько-української війни 1918–1919 рр., він доклав чимало зусиль для захисту національно-культурних, соціально-політичних прав українців Галичини. З’ясовано, що в середині 1920-х років, будучи членом Української партії національної роботи (УПНР), він виступив одним з активних прихильників утворення Українського національно-демократичного об’єднання (УНДО). Схарактеризовано організаційно-політичну працю відомого політика, на конкретних прикладах проілюстровано боротьбу одного з лідерів української націонал-демократії за піднесення національної свідомості українців Галичини. Крізь призму політичної біографії В. Кохана показано складне переплетення політичних, соціальних і національ-них аспектів українського суспільно-політичного руху в досліджуваний період.У загальних рисах схарактеризовано парламентську працю В. Кохана у вищому законодавчому органі Польщі. Доведено, що починаючи із 1928 р., партійна діяльність для одного з лідерів націонал-демократів відійшла на другий план, поступаючись парламентській роботі. Акцентовано вагу на організаційних здобутках у Фронті національної єдності (ФНЄ).

Non-disabled siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) usually experience trajectories to gradually intensify their involvement in caregiving. However, non-disabled siblings in Asian countries have been woefully overlooked in research despite the fact that Asian countries hold over half of the world’s population and have a set of family values different from Western countries. This exploratory study examined experiences and perspectives of Taiwanese non-disabled siblings of individuals with IDD across lifestages. The researcher used a phenomenological approach to examine in-depth interviews with 30 Taiwanese non-disabled siblings of adults with IDD. Common themes emerged under three lifestages (i.e., minimal caregiver role, anticipating caregiver role, and joint/primary caregiver role), indicating that filial piety remained the core value for Taiwanese families. Taiwanese non-disabled siblings described a love-hate relationship with the adults with IDD. They reported feeling anxious about the lack of discussion with their parents. Finally, they talked about taking care of the adults with IDD as fulfilling filial obligations to their parents. In addition to the sibling subsystem, future researchers and practitioners should take the parental subsystem into account to understand and support non-disabled siblings.

El objetivo del trabajo consiste en discutir la crisis de la institución moderna de la familia, la influencia del entorno mediático en la condición social y psicológica de sus usuarios, así como en los valores familiares que se forman en los jóvenes. Al estudiar este problema, el método principal es el análisis de materiales teóricos y prácticos rusos y extranjeros que tratan el tema de las opiniones de los jóvenes que se configuran bajo la influencia del entorno de los medios de comunicación. El análisis permite conocer la incapacidad de los jóvenes para controlar sabiamente los flujos de información entrante y el efecto adverso sobre las orientaciones valorativas y la imagen de familia creada. En el artículo, se presentan los siguientes resultados principales. Se han descubierto las opiniones de los jóvenes sobre la formación de una familia y la identificación de las fuentes de información que les son preferibles. Los jóvenes han sido analizados como objeto de acción del entorno mediático. Los materiales del periódico pueden ser de ayuda para los jóvenes, los especialistas que trabajan con los jóvenes y los padres en el uso consciente de los medios de comunicación. También pueden ser fundamentales en el desarrollo de programas especializados para formar la imagen de los jóvenes de la familia y las orientaciones de valores como libres de la influencia de los medios.

Introduction. Objective: linguacultural analysis of the edification words, collected in a free associative experiment (FAE) and published in the “Kazakh Associative Dictionary”. Materials & Methods. Set of associations of instructive character singled out by the continuous sampling method into a separate fragment of the world paremiological image is a unique representative research material included into the Kazakh Associative Dictionary, in the 23 655 associative reactions of the students of different universities in Shymkent city for112 stimulus words, 272 sayings – edifications recorded in 200 questionnaires. Archetypal layers of the ethnic linguistic consciousness represented in the edifying paremias reflect the Kazakh spiritual and moral values. The content of the FAE and Kazakh Associative Dictionary reflects the indicative feature of the study, i.e. introduction of the gender factor differentiating the men and women associations; it provided for revealing and presentation of the reliable characteristics of the gender determined linguistic consciousness of the informants. The content of the sayings-edification mainly relates to the moral life of the nation, they enshrine the generally accepted ethical norms. Results. Gender irrelevant positions: evil and good are equally evaluated differently; respect for elders is clearly manifested. Gender marked positions: for men – duty to the homeland, responsibility for the family; desire to work together; for women – the desire to protect family values, to correspond to the accepted world order, androcentrism. Conclusions. The linguistic consciousness of the ethnos (in particular, its fragment as an actively demanded paremiological fund) reflects archetypal ideas about the ethnic spiritual and moral worldview values, on which stable elements of the modern Kazakh linguistic culture are formed and actively functioning; being vital for the ethnic integrity.

In Kenya, debates about sexual orientation have assumed center stage at several points in recent years, but particularly before and after the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010. These debates have been fueled by religious clergy and by politicians who want to align themselves with religious organizations for respectability and legitimation, particularly by seeking to influence the nation's legal norms around sexuality. I argue that through their responses and attempts to influence legal norms, the religious and political leaders are not only responsible for the nonacceptance of same-sex relationships in Africa, but have also ensured that sexuality and embodiment have become a cultural and religious battleground. These same clergy and politicians seek to frame homosexuality as un-African, unacceptable, a threat to African moral and cultural sensibilities and sensitivities, and an affront to African moral and family values. Consequently, the perception is that homosexuals do not belong in Africa—that they cannot be entertained, accommodated, tolerated, or even understood. Ultimately, I argue that the politicization and religionization of same-sex relationships in Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, has masked human rights debates and stifled serious academic and pragmatic engagements with important issues around sexual difference and sexual orientation while fueling negative attitudes toward people with different sexual orientations.

The text is dedicated to the issue of material imprints of the culture and the current state of the dynamics of social relations in Denmark. The analysis of this broad topic is possible due to the specific case that compressed the full specter of modern perceptions on national character, problems and interests. The exhibition Your Thing — Our History held at the National Museum in 2017 serves as the research object. In order to reveal the constitutive elements that shape the Danish culture, the national image — which is the scope of the study — the paper reconstructs these features from the artifacts displayed, tracing the links connecting the things displayed and the societal realities. What is revealed from the messages the artifacts convey is that there are culture-specific features such as the love of the national flag and the Royal House, pride in national achievements in space travel, or the notion of hygge; they are the sources of unity and common pride. Other trends that are embodied in the things given by the Danes are paradoxical or even controversial. The culture of achievement and speed that are mass phenomena, enforced by mass media, run counter to the egalitarian law of Jante venerated by the Scandinavian peoples. The issue of migrant inflows also fosters disputes, as well as struggle for equality and feminism vs. traditional masculinity, freedom of speech being religiously insulting, consumerism prevailing over environmentally-responsible behavior, and the expansion of healthy lifestyle amid widespread depression resulting in suicides. The latest trends are typical not only of the contemporary Danish society, but also of the Russian society and of the globalizing world in general. Common trends include a shift in family values, formation of the culture of achievement, accumulation of interest in family trees and histories, steady computerization of all social relations, and the rising popularity of startups, healthy lifestyles, and eco-products. Generally, however, the central societal trend that embraces all the above mentioned manifestations is adaptation, inherent in the Danish character — so overcoming the crises is what unites all artifacts and underlines societal cohesion. The touch of modern history is empirical and visible.

Domestic familists, analyzing the current state of the family, emphasize that complex and contradictory processes are taking place in it, due to objective and subjective reasons, among which can be noted a change in demographic behavior, the emergence, or rather, the renaissance of the institution of polygamy, focus on small families, loss of traditional family values The transformations taking place in the space of family and marriage relations naturally affected the traditional Dagestan society, in which attitudes towards having many children and adherence to certain rules of family behavior have historically prevailed. The author's empirical research shows that in the mass consciousness of the surveyed population of Dagestan, the position showing the orientation of the respondents to follow the established family traditions and customs prevails, although there is also a noticeable difference between rural and urban areas. The existence of differences in the attitudes of the townspeople and the rural population is due to the fact that urbanization, polyethnicity and polyconfessionalism have a huge impact on urban culture, compared to rural areas, where the traditional way of life is preserved. In the mass consciousness of the respondents, there is an emotional attitude towards childless married couples who, for objective reasons, cannot have children, but empirical data show a tolerant attitude of the Dagestani population towards voluntary childlessness with the motivation for the need to protect the personal space of each person who has family values that differ from those around them and installation. The study did not reveal significant differences in the marital status of the respondents, i.e. marital status does not have any influence on the formation, firstly, of seed values, and secondly, when indicating their attitude towards married couples who, for one reason or another, do not have children.

In most cross-national research on Life Satisfaction (LS) an implicit assumption appears to be that the correlates of LS are the same the world over; ‘one size fits all’. Using data from the World Values Survey (1999–2014), we question this assumption by assessing the effects of differing personal values/life priorities on LS in five world regions: the West, Latin America, the Asian-Confucian region, ex-Communist Eastern Europe, and the Communist countries of China and Vietnam. We indicate that differing values - traditional family values, friendship and leisure values, materialistic values, political values, prosocial and environmental values, and religious values – are endorsed to varying degrees in different parts of the world, and vary in whether they have positive or negative effects on LS. Personal values provide the basis for alternative ‘recipes’ affecting LS. By ‘recipes’ we mean linked set of values, attitudes, behavioural choices and domain satisfactions that have a positive or negative effect on LS. We estimate structural equation models which indicate that differing values-based recipes help to account for large, unexpected differences between mean levels of LS in the five world regions, compared with the levels ‘predicted’ by GDP per capita. In particular, the high priority given to traditional family and religious recipes in Latin America helps to account for unexpectedly high LS in that region. Deficits in prosocial attitudes and behaviours partly account for low LS in ex-Communist Eastern Europe. published

The article examines the sociocultural value of the family in the minds of military university cadets in the light of changes that have occurred in the marriage and family sphere in modern Russian society. The first part of the article reveals relevance of this problem, content of terminal values, their classification and characteristics of individual groups. The article highlights some trends that occurred in the public consciousness of the late XX early XXI centuries concerning the values of the marriage and family sphere. To get a deeper insight into the nature of this problem, the authors studied many works, compared the leading scientific approaches of scientists in the study of terminal values. The article examines theoretical ideas about family and marriage relations and the results of empirical research of social and cultural family values in the minds of students in the framework of teaching at the Department for military and political work, Russian Air Force Military Educational and Scientific Center Air Force Academy Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Major Y.A. Gagarin. The authors provide data from the methods and conduct a detailed qualitative analysis of the level of life-meaning orientations and the most significant terminal values of cadets. The educational impact on cadets in order to form the value of the family in a military University is complex. The content of training programs in the disciplines Psychology, Psychology and Pedagogy, Personnel Management in the armed forces of the Russian Federation is aimed at solving this problem. The article makes an important conclusion that the training of cadets for family life is a significant part of military-political work in a military university, and the adjustment and formation of terminal values of young people in accordance with socially significant values is achievable with a systematic, purposeful psychological and pedagogical process of training cadets for marital and family relationship.

In this paper a group of young people from Torshavn, the capital of the Faroe Islands, share their personal reflections and views on the ‘Faroese father’ in present-day society. The material from this qualitative study is used to examine and analyse the role and position of the father in relation to his family and working life, his masculinity and identity, and his general historic status in society. The main aim of the paper is to outline and illustrate a pattern of transition in Faroese fatherhood resonating new gender and family values, but also a social shift towards a (late) modern and diversified labour market with emerging female-dominated professions. Seen from the son’s and the daughter’s perspective, this paper suggests, the father’s place in the life of his children mirrors a very special relation associated with feelings of affection, safety, and guidance. Drawing on theoretical scholarship from fatherhood research in the tradition of critical men’s studies, as well as from anthropological family studies, this paper contributes to scientific reviews of fatherhood and masculinity in small island communities in shift. This study is part of the larger research project called Faroese Fatherhood in Transition (2018-2021) financed by Research Council Faroe Islands. Keywords: fatherhood, masculinity, family life, fishermen, small islands, young people

This study examined the association of needs, health literacy, and quality of life among adult Nigerians with cancer and family caregivers. A descriptive study was conducted involving 240 adults with cancer and family caregivers attending a tertiary hospital. More than two-thirds of participants reported moderate or high needs. Information (90.8%) and spiritual support (85%) were the domains of highest need among adults with cancer. Family/social support (85%) and spiritual support (81.7%) ranked the highest among family caregivers. A negative correlation was found between needs and quality of life. Stepwise regression analysis showed that needs and literacy explained 36% of the variance in adults with cancer's quality of life and 28% of the variance in family caregivers' quality of life. Spiritual need accounted l for 9.5% and 9.1% of variation for adults with cancer and family caregivers, respectively. Findings suggest that interventions with a focus on social/family and spiritual needs may improve wellbeing of adults with cancer and caregivers in Nigeria. This research are generalizable to other low-income countries where family values and spirituality are often a strong feature of daily life.

The communication media as a work of human beings reason from time to time has a very rapidly progress together with the growth and the development of new innovations in the world of the digital technology. This progress is a certainty that must be received by the human beings who are in a strong mind and conscience awareness that communication media is so sophisticated but remains as a means of the development of the human beings civilization. This awareness gradually can be expected to encourage human beings in order to place themselves appropriately as the subject of the development of the communication media itself through a rational and an accurate filtering process against negative influences that can threaten with human beings civilization. One of the institutions is threatened with the negative influences of the communicaton media is family. At first the family gets a respected position as a socialization agent about the values of life is now experiencing decline of function as well as its role because the majority of the family members are now snared because of the negative influences of the communication media. The sympathetic as well as the empathetic atmosphere are used to be the first decoration in the house and now is just becoming a nice memory but sadden. The fascination is too axtreme makes each of the family member of the communication media and finally appear some attitudes as well as behaviours that don,t go with the values of solidarity and the family as well. At last, this problem lets grow as well as develop without striving for preventive and curative of the various social elements. This meant preparing a show of a destruction of the generation in the future. Therefore, the whole sides are expected to their involvement to be a foremost line in preventing efforts. On the basis, the Paroki St. Yosef Onekore is also moved at giving the basics correct of comprehension to the parents in the catechetical activities that the communication media is actually just a means of using it to proclaim the King of God.

This essay was part of an Indiana Law Review symposium on the five U.S. vice presidents who have hailed from Indiana. The Gallup polling organization classifies Indiana as a “pink” state, rather than a “red” state, meaning it leans Republican but is not solidly in the GOP column. Yet, if an image of Indiana persists in many people’s minds as a bastion of social conservatism and tradition, that image likely has been shaped in part by the two most recent vice presidents the Hoosier state has sent to Washington: Dan Quayle and Mike Pence. In selecting their running mates, major party presidential candidates typically look for someone with strengths or experience that the person at the top of the ticket lacks. Both Quayle and Pence were chosen, to a large degree, because they were seen as effective and important ambassadors to social and religious conservatives — a group that was not the natural constituency of their senior running mates, George H.W. Bush and Donald Trump, respectively. Barring some event that elevates Pence to the presidency, this is how both Quayle and Pence are likely to be remembered by history: As great favorites, even paragons, of the religious right, and as loyal political subalterns whose job was to carry the torch for “family values,” opposition to abortion and LGBT rights, and a greater role for religion in American public life.

Background Survival rates among gynaecological cancer patients have increased over time; however, patients must now cope with long-term treatment-related issues affecting their quality of life (QOL). Little is known about the factors influencing QOL in patients with gynaecological cancers in the Chinese population. Aim To identify QOL predictors among patients with gynaecological cancers, and examine the relationship between QOL and demographics, stress, coping strategies, and social support. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 111 patients who were recruited from the gynaecological oncology outpatient department of a hospital in Taiwan. Findings Patients’ QOL was positively correlated with marriage, emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and social support. QOL was negatively correlated with malfunctioning coping strategies and stress. Regression models accounted for 19%–30% of the variance across the four domains of QOL. Stress was a significant predictor of all QOL domains. Social support was the main predictor of the social relationships and environment QOL domains. The lowest QOL score was for sexual life. Discussion Patients with gynaecological cancers reported lower levels of satisfaction with the social relationships and psychological health domain of QOL. Diagnosis and treatment for a gynaecological cancer may impact how women perceive their femininity and relationship with their husband. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive picture for nurses to understand the factors associated with QOL among patients with gynaecological cancers in the Chinese cultural context. Screening for stress is important since stress was the main predictor for all domains of QOL among patients. Providing support, especially familial and emotional support, to patients with Chinese cultural backgrounds is critical because of their family values. Offering a private space to discuss the patients’ concern and carefully observing their non-verbal language are essential because these patients often do not talk about their cancer and sexual life openly and publicly.

As a direct expression of filial piety, adult children, in particular sons, are expected to provide support to older parents in China. Despite concerns about a decline in traditional values, few empirical studies examine whether adherence to Confucian family values impacts adult children’s financial support of aging parents, or if other factors play a more central role. In the present study, I assess several categories of factors including filial piety, altruism, long-term reciprocity, and contemporary mutual exchange. Survey data from the 2002 wave of the Chinese Survey of Family Dynamics (CSFD) (N = 3768) was utilized. For both sons and daughters, agreement with filial piety values, parents’ education level and help with housework were associated with greater likelihood of economic support. For daughters, those with young children (under 18) were less likely to support parents. Among sons, those who received support from parents earlier in the life course (a wedding gift) were more likely to provide financial transfers.

The name of Grigory Chalkhushyan, a well-known lawyer, publicist, historian, speaker of the City Duma of Nakhichevanon-Don, originally from Armenian Crimean immigrants, is associated not only with lawmaking and success in his professional field, but also with the field of education and training of the younger generation. After graduating from the Lazarev Institute, he entered and graduated from the Law Faculty of Moscow University. Here, at the Faculty of Law, famous during this period for its liberal traditions, he met many progressive figures of that time and absorbed many of their ideas for the rest of his life. Returning to his native Nakhichevan, he is actively involved in socio-political activities. A number of files dedicated to G.H. Chalkhushyan’s pedagogical activity and pedagogical ideas have been preserved in the National Archive of Armenia. Unfortunately, there is not a single work in Russian and foreign historiography that fully analyzes the active socio-political and journalistic activities of the outstanding personality of Nakhichevanon-Don Grigory Khristoforovich Chalkhushyan. Having received a fairly conservative Armenian family upbringing, he defended traditional family values from the very beginning of his active social activity. Being a member of the Nakhichevanon-Don City Duma, he repeatedly made various proposals related to the establishment of educational affairs in the city. His pedagogical ideas were not reflected in the studies of historians and local historians. It was he who became the chairman of the association of Parent Committees of educational institutions of Nakhichevan-on-Don. The Parent Committee headed by the chairman – G.H.Chalkhushyan attached serious importance to the health and success of the students. He also called for paying attention to the problems of extracurricular supervision in order to organize places for children and youth to relax. Attention was paid to both nutrition and children’s health. The issues of moral education of children have been repeatedly noted in the reports of G. H. Chalkhushyan. One of the most important aspects of the upbringing of the younger generation, he considered the need to protect children from the harmful influence of the street. Holding the position of a public speaker of the City Duma and having excellent knowledge of the situation in Nakhichevan-on-Don in the field of education, he could not help but see how the lack of a gymnasium negatively affects the education process of Nakhichevan youth. Occupying this semi-official public position – chairman of Parents’ Committees, Grigory Khristoforovich Chalkhushyan touched upon very important issues concerning not only teachers and students, but also parents and in general everything that can affect the spiritual and physical development of children and more than once received the most sincere words of gratitude from the local Armenian society. Thanks to the research of the activities and works of this undeservedly forgotten personality, previously unexplored historical sources in both Russian and Armenian are introduced into scientific circulation.

The article highlights the concepts of "family" and "business family" in the context of "family business" research as a phenomenon of the global business environment. Applying the macro and micro levels of analysis, the family is regarded as a specific and localized object in space and time. An attempt was made to outline the structure of the family (in a narrow and broad sense), which is based on family and marital relations, as well as to identify the totality of the characteristics that make up its essence.A number of leading overseas scholars seek to single out the business family as the primary unit of study of family business and search for its core characteristics, including: group emotions, moral consciousness, ethical behavior, culture and competencies. At the same time, the family, as part of the family business, has inherent negative phenomena that must be taken into account. These include: nepotism, asymmetric altruism, affluence, paternalism, presidential consolidation (usurpation of power).In the 3-Circle Model, in addition to other functional groups in the family business, we have identified a group of segments, namely 4, 6, 7, which form the functional group "business family" and represent family members who are owners, owners and directors, family employees who do not own property.Defining family business is one of the important issues in family business research. Although many attempts have been made to define, describe, summarize the term “family business”, it should be noted that there is still no conventional approach. Family business is interpreted by us as a dynamic adaptive system that self-realizes, is focused on the long-term prospect of development, professes family values, builds a reputation, provides for qualified succession, life-long learning, positions itself as a social institute, seeks to increase professionalism of business and efficiency a business family that controls property and is involved in running a business.

In the last three years, Ukraine has adopted many legal acts of Ukraine aimed at the formation and implementation of gender policy. These legal documents define the concepts and basic definitions of state gender policy, provide mechanisms for the formation of gender-sensitive budget programs, concepts, form a single mechanism for gender legal examination of legal documents, as well as draft legal documents. The author substantiates that there are appropriate institutional structures whose activities are aimed at the formation and implementation of gender policy. Ukraine has a complex institutional system aimed at the formation and implementation of state gender policy in Ukraine. At the same time, today there is a problem of forming a positive public perception of the issue of gender equality, the formation of gender sensitivity in society to any processes occurring in life. The author substantiates that today there is no systematic document that would form a unified and purposeful state gender policy in Ukraine. And proposed to improve the draft National Strategy for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030. The article stipulates that the National Strategy for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030 should have more strategic goals, in particular: ensuring and respecting family values and supporting and developing families taking into account the principle of gender equality; respect for articles; formation of professional development of women and girls; establishing responsibility for discrimination, especially in employment and career advancement; establishment of indicators for monitoring the state gender policy for 1, 3, 5 and 10 years; introduction of positive actions, including employment. The national strategy for equal rights and opportunities for women and men until 2030 should include the following sections: formation of family values taking into account gender equality; formation of effective information campaigns on the formation of gender equality in Ukrainian society; conducting educational activities and classes on the formation of gender equality; introduction of training of specialists on ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men; revision of all legal documents taking into account the provision of equal rights and opportunities for women and men for 5 years; strengthening international cooperation and introduction of international positive practices aimed at the formation of gender equality; formation of gender sensitivity of citizens; training of civil servants, local governments. other persons working in communal and state enterprises on the basis of formation and implementation of gender policy; adoption of gender equality strategies in all public authorities, enterprises, organizations, and institutions, regardless of ownership; introduction of indicators for monitoring the activities of public authorities in the formation and implementation of gender policy; cooperation with civil society institutions on the formation and implementation of gender policy.

The article discusses the common interests of parents and adolescents, who have become significantly different in modern society with the advent of innovative technologies between the older and younger generations. The author analyzes the problem of underdeveloped forms of family leisure and take notice to the fact that in various types of leisure activities, the sequential formation of personal qualities of children such as independence, curiosity, organization, sociability, confidence, success and others is more effectively carried out. Family values are promoted by joint leisure, influencing the development of adolescents in socialization. The scientific works of scientists are analyzed, from which the conclusion about the common interests of adults and children follows. The types of family vacations at home and outside are consid it is worthwhile to form interests and traditions that unite adolescents and parents on the positive side. The author suggests synthesizing traditional and innovative forms of organizing family leisure activities in order to achieve common interests of parents and adolescents

The article presents the results of the research on the women's perception of the conditions of mandatory self-isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic The respondents' feedback showed changes in various areas of their lives that occurred during the period of selfisolation The main hypothesis of the research was the assumption that the situation of selfisolation caused by COVID-19 has affected various aspects of Russian women lifestyle and their families: Distribution of temporal and material resources;labor activity;relations with husbands (partners) and children;habits related to nutrition, healthy lifestyle, personal care, etc ;perception of the external situation as a whole It is also assumed that this impact was mainly negative The collection of the empirical data was based on the method of questionnaire and was carried out in Moscow and Moscow region, St Petersburg and Leningrad region, Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod region - the three most complex regions of Russia in terms of the number of registered coronavirus cases (according to 17 04 2020) Due to a certain specificity of the methods used, the sample of the study cut off the bulk of women without higher education, working in spheres that do not require high qualifications, and, thus, identified a specific stratum of modern Russian society for the study - working women with average and above average income For the most part, such women demonstrate responsible behavior, abiding the regime of self-isolation One way to alleviate the impact of this regime is to relocate with the children to smaller cities or villages, usually to their parents' places One of the most significant consequences of the imposed restrictions is the active spread of a fairly new high-tech format of labor interaction - telework The coronavirus situation has been a kind of a boost for the development of new telework practices and the increase in the number of people working from home However, the opinions of women regarding whether they would like to switch to the online format of work activity completely were divided In the context of mandatory self-isolation, families mainly use two strategies to stabilize the financial situation: Increasing income, practiced by the wealthier families;and reducing expenses - by poorer families Against all expectations, the distribution of time has shifted towards passive pastime in front of the TV or on the phone, checking social media, taking a daytime nap, rather than self-development, personal care and sport activities at home Women have developed or worsened bad habits, and the number of sports and healthy lifestyle adepts has slightly decreased Thus, self-isolation has not been a motivator of active pastime for women On the contrary, it has led to the spread of a passive lifestyle, laziness and apathy The assumption that self-isolation would have a detrimental effect on the moral and psychological climate and relations inside families was only partially confirmed Some negative trends were pointed out, but due to the specifics of the Russian mentality and inculcated family values, they did not show such a rapid and drastic decline as in foreign countries In general, to summarize the foregoing, it should be noted that the appeared difficulties in the interaction with the external environment, concerns about the future of the Russian economy, deterioration of the financial situation, fear for the future of the family, general anxiety, uncertainty, complex moral state and failed plans - all that collectively results in negative and pessimistic moods of more than a half of Russian women in the conditions of self-isolation, and as families continue to stay in these conditions, it is most likely that such sentiments will have a tendency to grow, which will require further study of these trends and their consequences for the major Russian cities as well as for the periphery, where they will have their own specific features © 2020 Ivanovo State University Publishing All Rights Reserved

Based on Big Data technology, a content analysis of Internet content for the period 2013-2020 was made. Promoting gender equality has been shown to be the most important component in preventing violent conflict, as gender equality is associated with more sustainable development and lower levels of interpersonal violence. It is determined that the activity of anti-gender movements in the period 2013-2020 can be considered a strategic information operation aimed at radicalizing society according to the concept of FAMILY VALUES and promoting pro-Russian ideology by analogy with «staples» («skrepi»).

The paper studies the activities of the All-Union Association “Torgsin” in Ukraine between 1931 and 1935. It proves that the Soviet state needed to mobilize financial resources for implementing the industrialization programme and, therefore, sought additional sources of income. The Soviet authorities elaborated complex measures for this purpose. The grain procurement policy caused mass famine in Ukraine. The establishment of the Torgsin system demonstrated a pseudo-concern of Soviet authorities about the starving population. The Torgsin trade network, founded in the years of mass famine in the early 1930s, extended to the territory of Ukraine and strengthened its organizational structure due to exporting food and industrial goods of high quality. It enabled the state to swindle gold, family values and antiques from the starving population in exchange for foodstuffs and trade currency with foreigners and Soviet citizens through the Torgsin network. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę działalności Wszechzwiązkowego Stowarzyszenia „Torgsin” na Ukrainie w latach 1931–1935. Jego utworzenie było to spowodowane tym, że państwo radzieckie musiało zmobilizować ogromne środki na realizację programu industrializacji i w związku z tym poszukiwało dodatkowych źródeł dochodu. Władze radzieckie opracowały skomplikowany system ich pozyskania. Państwowa polityka skupu zboża doprowadziła do wielkiego głodu na Ukrainie. Utworzenie systemu „Torgsin” było przejawem rzekomej troski władz sowieckich o głodującą ludność. Sieć handlowa „Torgsin” została utworzona w czasie wielkiego głodu, na początku lat trzydziestych XX w. Zorganizowanie sieci sklepów „Torgsin” na terytorium Ukrainy wzmocniło strukturę organizacyjną Stowarzyszenia dzięki pozyskiwaniu wysokiej jakości artykułów spożywczych i przemysłowych. W sklepach sieci realizowano politykę „eksportu wewnętrznego”, sprzedając towary za złoto oraz dewizy. Nabywcami sprzedawanych tam towarów mogli być cudzoziemcy oraz obywatele radzieccy. Umożliwiło to państwu sowieckiemu pozyskanie niemal za bezcen złota, dewiz, pamiątek rodzinnych i antyków od głodującej ludności Ukrainy w zamian za żywność sprzedawaną w sklepach sieci „Torgsin”.

Inheritance fundamentally violates the meritocratic justice principle of society. Despite the high level of wealth concentration and the fact that few people would be affected, political support for an inheritance tax is rather low. The topic of inheritance is not only about wealth but about values. We combine both by using questions in the Austrian Household Finance and Consumption Survey tailored to examine family values. The main aim of the paper is to bring sociological concepts and perceptions into the economic analysis of the role of inheritance in wealth distribution. We find several inconsistencies in people’s perceptions concerning the relation of inheritance to issues of social justice. We argue that family values are decisive for negative perceptions of inheritance taxation. Our empirical evidence suggests that in order to understand the resistance to inheritance taxation in society better, family values have to be taken into account. The main aim of the paper is to deliver empirical evidence for bringing an interdisciplinary approach, including sociological concepts, into economic analysis when analysing the relationship between inheritance, wealth and taxation.

If institutions are essential for long-run performance, why don’t developing countries adopt institutions in developed countries to become rich? In this dynamic model, culture affects a ruler’s institutional choice, while culture itself evolves endogenously. Multiple stable steady states are possible, and even similar initial conditions can lead to dramatically different steady states. The state of Qin’s unification of China in 221 BC is used to illustrate the model. In one steady state, consistent with what happened in the state of Qin, individuals value material incentives. Qin did not strictly practice the patriarchal clan system advocated by Confucianism. Qin adopted Legalist institutions under which government officials were chosen by merit, and Qin culture was further shaped by Legalism. In another steady state, consistent with what happened in states other than Qin, individuals value loyalty and family values. Those states chose not to adopt Legalist institutions comprehensively for fearing that inconsistencies between culture and institutions could lead to internal rebellions even though institutional reforms would increase their military power. Other cases of how the interdependence between culture and institutions affects performance are also discussed.

Popular representations of dementia seemingly create an overall narrative of loss; the loss of productivity, economic resources, social power, autonomy, and, most of all, memory and personhood. Though the preoccupation with dementia continues to proliferate in various media, visual representations of the disease have remained relatively scarce and conventional. For the most part such representations focus on female patients and are characterized by somber undertones. Based on a representative selection of contemporary European films, this article inquires whether there are other ways of presenting and dealing with dementia and asks how comedies which feature older men afflicted with Alzheimer’s manage to generate laughter, to what extent these films use mechanisms of denigration, exclusion and stereotyping in regard to the patients, the family, and the disease, and what kind of compromise they find between comic aspects and the dire physical, psychological and social realities of dementia. Further points of analysis are the possible infantilizing and stigmatizing of Alzheimer’s patients, the reinforcement of stereotypical notions of later life and ageing, and the ‘ideological’ subtexts the comedies propagate in relation to traditional family values and hierarchies.

This study aims to analyze and discuss the values in Hendrik Ibsen’s The Wild Duck. The method used in this study is descriptive. The data are a drama entitled The Wild Duck (1959). A library research method is applied in collecting the data. Furthermore, the data is analyzed qualitatively. Based on the result of the analysis, it was revealed that there are five kinds of Values found in The Wild Duck which are Moral Value, Social Value, Personal Value, Spiritual Value and Family Value. The most presented type is a moral value, it is about honesty. Social value is about interaction with around, friendship, respect to each other, justice. A personal value is a personality. Spiritual is non-material, it means the values of truth, inner peace, righteousness, and non-violence and the last is family values are beliefs, function as a family, ideals.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of commuter student athletes who were hypothesized to experience a multiplicity of institutional logics while competing at the NCAA Division II level. Second, if multiple competing logics were present, the authors intended to test a theoretical model of logic multiplicity development. Utilizing a case study methodology, the authors collected data from commuter student athletes competing at the Division II level. The study’s findings indicated that commuter student athletes perceived the presence of multiple competing logics and that these logics indicated an aligned or minimally estranged organization. In particular, the high compatibility and high centrality of multiple competing logics signified an organization aligned between academic, athletic, and family values, whereas the low centrality and low compatibility of social identification and societal factors denoted an estranged organization for commuter student athletes. The implications of this research within sport management are presented herein.

This paper explores the trade-offs between four different aspects of European workers’ life satisfaction (satisfaction with education, the present work, family life and social life), to reach balanced optimal levels across these features. This analysis was performed separately for different profiles of workers, i.e. full-time and part-time workers in 34 different European countries, differentiated by gender. The methodology employed for this purpose couples econometric and multiobjective interval programming approaches, enabling to assess the compromises of specific aspects of workers’ personal and working conditions. Our findings indicate that current full-time working environments do not enable to foster higher levels of workers’ life satisfaction with more than one child. Moreover, full-time (unlike part-time) working activities allow reaching worse levels across all measures of life satisfaction under analysis in a best-case scenario. This outcome suggests a change of paradigm where workers are keen on sacrificing other aspects of life satisfaction (namely their earnings and benefits) if this means having a better compromise of their personal and working lives. It is clear that promoting one-sided policies that only account for workers’ satisfaction with their jobs and careers, without explicitly encompassing family values, affects fertility rates and population ageing, raising awareness of the importance of family work in policy-making.

Objectives Arkansas has the highest incidence of teen pregnancy in 15- to 19-year-olds in the United States, and Latinas remain one of the cultural groups that are most at risk of becoming adolescent mothers. Teen mothers and their children are more likely to face poor socioeconomic conditions and negative health sequelae that perpetuate the cycle of poverty. Tailored interventions meant for families, communities, and/or churches should address both abstinence and other types of contraception to educate young people how to stay healthy, prevent unwanted pregnancy, and empower them to make informed decisions. To develop effective educational interventions, it is essential to understand the current knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward teen pregnancy among Latino parents in Arkansas. Methods Adult Latino parents were surveyed at two clinical sites, one church and one school in Little Rock between January 16, 2019 and February 23, 2019. The survey instrument was conducted in Spanish and included questions on demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about teenage pregnancy. Response frequencies, percentages and descriptive statistics were calculated for the dataset. Results A total of 181 individuals completed the survey. Participants almost unanimously agreed with the statement that it is important to talk about sex with their children for their sexual health development. Nearly all respondents, 96.1%, believe that it is important to prevent teenage pregnancy. Most respondents agreed that they speak with their sons and daughters differently on the topic of sexual health. In our sample, only 17.8% of parents believed that abstinence-only education should be the primary focus of reproductive health education. "My family values" was most frequently cited as the predominant factor in shaping participants' beliefs about teen pregnancy, followed by a desire for their child to attend college or be economically stable before having a child. Conclusions Our findings indicate that based on attitudes toward sexual health, interventions should be tailored to certain groups based on children's sex and age and to parents who had children as teens themselves. Educational materials should emphasize the strengths of Latino culture, such as family values and desire for children to attain a college degree and economic stability before bearing children.

Every society has its own norms, values and morals, which help them to structure their universe. Among the Ogoni indigenous people, the centrality of ii-ii wa (traditional marriage) as the nucleus of society is the under guiding factor for their comprehensive marriage rites. To the Ogoni indigenous people, marriage is a sacred institution, inextricably attached to the Ogoni traditional religion. It is a process rather than a discrete event that marks one’s transition from one stage of life to another; it involves rituals, negotiations, and transactions that stretch over years. It is a community practice within which the values of a community are shaped and preserved. However, the eventual contact with the western culture through colonialism, christianity, education and, with the subsequent upsurge of globalization, reflects the diffusion of modern orientations and ideologies. These values are not only being challenged but also eroded. Consequently, this onslaught brings into question the place of the Ogoni cultural values and marriage system amidst modernization. This study, therefore, centers on the organized system of the Ogoni traditional marriage forms in relation to specific underlying dimensions, attributes and categories. The study further distinguishes between Bia-k𝑒̅, biabe and the assumed Sira-culture that do not exist in Ogoni cultural practices. In analyzing the subject matter, the study adopts the descriptive research design, using the philosophical approach, with special reference to the structural functionalism and the diffusion of innovation theories. Through the research effort it was observed that the fortunes of marriage and family institutions are dwindling due to the emerging trends of individualism, loosed morality, materialism and intrusion of foreign ideas into marriage and family system in Ogoni. Hence, the need to respect, project and protect those core Ogoni traditional marriage values. Keywords: II-II-Wa (traditional marriage), family values, religion, social change