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"Amidst the 'Glossary of Commonly Misused Words' in the Writers Digest Grammar Desk Reference, the adverb hopefully is demonstrated in its proper usage with a fortune cookie message that reads: 'It is sometimes better to travel hopefully than to arrive'. (Lutz, 332) This paper takes its character from a similar elaboration from within its purpose. In the most simple way, that purpose is to formulate a critical explanation of the studio works as surveyed and documented. As explication, it imbues its meaning as a manner of traveling hopefully upon the arrival of the action of the project. This might seem simple enough but in order to contextualize both the studio works and the explication the reader will be required to play the double game of both conceptually traveling and perceptually arriving. Though it may seem arbitrary, there is no other way any higher possibility of agreement between text and object could be arranged. To argue on behalf of the studio works would prioritize perceptual arrival over the viewer's experience and to realize art about theories is easily a misuse of the word hopeful"--From the introduction, page 3.

This chapter establishes a framework for systematically reading the handbook by defining the basic terms associated with Process Integration. It begins by defining Process Integration and its applications, and then continues with definitions of core Process Integration phases and terms. The main section then defines other significant terms associated with Process Integration in alphabetical order.

The growth in response-shift methods has enabled a stronger empirical foundation to investigate response-shift phenomena in quality-of-life (QOL) research; but many of these methods utilize certain language in framing the research question(s) and interpreting results that treats response-shift effects as “bias,” “noise,” “nuisance,” or otherwise warranting removal from the results rather than as information that matters. The present project will describe the various ways in which researchers have framed the questions for investigating response-shift issues and interpreted the findings, and will develop a nomenclature for such that highlights the important information about resilience reflected by response-shift findings. A scoping review was done of the QOL and response-shift literature (n = 1100 articles) from 1963 to 2020. After culling only empirical response-shift articles, raters characterized how investigators framed and interpreted study research questions (n = 164 articles). Of 10 methods used, papers using four of them utilized terms like “bias” and aimed to remove response-shift effects to reveal “true change.” Yet, the investigators’ reflections on their own conclusions suggested that they do not truly believe that response shift is error to be removed. A structured nomenclature is proposed for discussing response-shift results in a range of research contexts and response-shift detection methods. It is time for a concerted and focused effort to change the nomenclature of those methods that demonstrated this misinterpretation. Only by framing and interpreting response shift as information, not bias, can we improve our understanding and methods to help to distill outcomes with and without response-shift effects.

Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo identificar evidências científicas sobre o uso de glossários terminológicos no ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior. A revisão analisou 23 publicações acadêmicas selecionadas, sendo 16 dissertações e 07 teses, publicadas entre os anos de 2011 e 2020, das bases de dados BDTD, SciELO, CAPES, ERIC, REDALYC e Repositório Digital Gallaudet University, a partir das palavras-chave: glossários terminológicos, Libras, educação bilíngue e estudantes surdos, no ínterim de março a junho de 2020, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. As informações foram agrupadas nas categorias temáticas: 1. Processo de ensino e aprendizagem do estudante surdo; 2. Educação Bilíngue de Surdos no Ensino Superior; e 3. Glossários Terminológicos em Libras. Não há, ao menos no material coletado para este estudo, pesquisas empreendidas em dissertações e teses a respeito da utilização do glossário no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior, o que comprova a originalidade, relevância e necessidade de realização de pesquisas nesta temática, tendo em vista que trará valiosas contribuições para um escopo do conhecimento científico parcamente explorado até este momento.

The city develops over time, creating a continuous series of unique impressions from the perception of urban spaces. Many environmental parameters affect the perception of the urban environment, form the structures of perception and its atmospheric features. Socio-cultural knowledge of the city, expanding the glossary of architectural and urban planning theory, is engaged in the study of such parameters of the urban environment as the time factor of perception, anthropological parameters, the angle and scale of visual perception, urban gaps, which allows you to expand the idea of the city as a unique phenomenon and process. An attempt has been made to investigate the structure of the perception of the urban space of the central part of Samara.

The content of this article falls within the textual and generic trend of research on paratext. The author describes the meaning of paratexts in fantasy literature via the example of glossaries, which fulfill a special role in the process of creating and perceiving this type of literary text. The argumentation process is subordinated to two perspectives. The first involves the sub-creation of a secondary reality — the Second World in fantasy, which from the beginning to the end grows out of the imagination of the writer and which is complete and internally consistent. In the course of reading, the reader “enters” into a completely different world from that experienced every day. What is needed, therefore, is a kind of guide that allows him to “move around” without disturbing the created universe. Paratext fulfills this function. Hence the second perspective is Gérard Genette’s thesis, according to which the paratext is identified with the text surrounding the proper text, coming from the author and remaining within the same volume (peritext), and one of its basic roles is to help in the interpretation and proper decryption of the creator’s (author’s) intentions. On the basis of the glossaries studied in fantasy texts, it can be concluded that structurally they constitute the determinants of a textual frame, and although there is no linear continuity between the main text and the glossary, considering the content that is contained in it, they serve to strengthen the coherence of the main text. In general, the presence of glossaries facilitates reading the text, allows “unmasking” the intentions of the author and categorizing elements of the plot of a specific work, a given part of the cycle or saga against the background of the whole universe.

This paper focuses on the presentation of some of the main critical reflections concerning the current debate about conservation and restoration of contemporary murals in the Street and Urban Art field. More and more, the operations thought of for this kind of wall paintings are connected to the concept of preventive conservation or some actions with the aim of reducing the future deterioration linked to the outdoor context. The idea of protecting urban and street murals arises from two principal issues: on one hand, the (not yet) official, but social, recognition of them as works of art and beloved icons in the communities—or better “testimonies which spread the values of civilization” (definition of Cultural Heritage) from the last decades of the XX century to nowadays—and, on the other hand, the necessity of finding a way to preserve their artistic messages in the ephemeral urban context. In fact, developing a correct plan for the conservation and restoration of these works of art located in the outdoor context needs to consider—more than ever—the strict relationship between their materials, their environment, and even their viewer. This fragile axiom is strictly linked to the law of the street, where all the decay processes are, often, unpredictable. At the moment, the ICR’s (The Istituto Centrale per il Restauro) research in this field is focused on a work in progress project to develop some trials and tests with innovative materials for their preservation and a common glossary to outline particular forms of damaging in murals often based on “plastic on a wall”. The final aim could be to define institutional guidelines for the preservation of urban and street contemporary mural paintings in a perspective of a “share for care” conservative program.

Implementation has always been a paramount concern of mathematics education, but only recently has the conceptualizing and theorizing work on implementation as a phenomenon begun in our field. In this survey paper, we conduct a hermeneutic review of mathematics education research identified as related to the implementation problematics. The first cycle of the review is based on examples of studies published in mathematics education journals during the last 40 years. It is organized according to five reasons for developing implementation research. The second cycle concerns 15 papers included in this special issue and is organized by four themes, as follows: objects of implementation, stakeholders in implementation, implementation vs. scaling up, and implementability of mathematics education research. The paper is concluded with a refined glossary of implementation-related terms and suggestions for future research.

To create an antiracism glossary, a team of scholars from Colleagues of Color for Social Justice (CCSJ) identified and defined 48 terms relating to racism and antiracism based on careful review of existing race-related glossaries, scholarly articles, and widely-read books on the topic. This glossary of terms illustrates the daily and pervasive nature of racism that people of color experience and fills a demonstrable gap in resources of this type for college learning assistance centers and programs. The purpose is to recognize and explain terms related to attitudes, behaviors, and policies that impact people’s lives, particularly within academia. The glossary lists the terms in alphabetical order with multiple definitions from various resources and easy to understand examples drawn from personal lives, communities, and professional experiences in educational settings.

PurposeThe concept of basic human needs, though diversely interpreted, remains a policy and practice approach to combat poverty and improve wellbeing. Meanwhile, defining locally sensitive basic needs to support context-specific improvement is still an essential requirement. The paper examines basic human needs fulfilment in the context of effective improvement strategies and proposes a Basic Human Needs Glossary, a definition framework and tool for understanding needs pursuits and helping to streamline responses towards establishing their potential.Design/methodology/approachThe proposal for basic needs and development by the economist Manfred Max-Neef is examined from an operative point of view, including the role that the actualization of needs-centred goals performs in the pursuit of prosperity. The paper then adopts, adapts and defines the basic needs proposed by Max-Neef and outlines Basic Terms of Pursuit (BToP) for these through qualitative content analysis.FindingsIt is possible to breakdown the basic needs concepts into smaller subsets of traits, which are framed within the interrelated dimensions of personal and social interactions of people, and of people and environment (natural and man-made).Research limitations/implicationsThe glossary with BToP is not conclusive, however. There is still potential to advance and further refine these through further content, qualitative and ethnographic research.Originality/valueEnabling capacities for progressive needs fulfilment is, in theory, key to facilitating paths to prosperity, especially in intervention processes to improve vulnerable communities, like slums. A deeper clarification of needs pursuit presented by the glossary adds rigor to this task and to enhancing wellbeing standards overall. Thus, it can play an important resource role in urban practice.

This article considers the problem of finding text documents similar in meaning in the corpus. We investigate a problem arising when developing applied intelligent information systems that is non-detection of a part of solutions by the TF-IDF algorithm: one can lose some document pairs that are similar according to human assessment, but receive a low similarity assessment from the program. A modification of the algorithm, with the replacement of the complete vocabulary with a vocabulary of specific terms is proposed. The addition of thesauri when building a corpus vector model based on a ranking function has not been previously investigated; the use of thesauri has so far been studied only to improve topic models. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of the solution by minimizing the loss of its significant part and not adding “false similar” pairs of documents. The improvement is provided by the use of a vocabulary of specific terms extracted from the text of the analyzed documents when calculating the TF-IDF values for corpus vector representation. The experiment was carried out on two corpora of structured normative and technical documents united by a subject: state standards related to information technology and to the field of railways. The glossary of specific terms was compiled by automatic analysis of the text of the documents under consideration, and rule-based NER methods were used. It was demonstrated that the calculation of TF-IDF based on the terminology vocabulary gives more relevant results for the problem under study, which confirmed the hypothesis put forward. The proposed method is less dependent on the shortcomings of the text layer (such as recognition errors) than the calculation of the documents’ proximity using the complete vocabulary of the corpus. We determined the factors that can affect the quality of the decision: the way of compiling a terminology vocabulary, the choice of the range of n-grams for the vocabulary, the correctness of the wording of specific terms and the validity of their inclusion in the glossary of the document. The findings can be used to solve applied problems related to the search for documents that are close in meaning, such as semantic search, taking into account the subject area, corporate search in multi-user mode, detection of hidden plagiarism, identification of contradictions in a collection of documents, determination of novelty in documents when building a knowledge base.

El siguiente artículo pretende ofrecer una propuesta para enseñar el vocabulario latino por medio de una plataforma Moodle. En primer lugar, los alumnos elaborarán un glosario conjunto con diferentes palabras y sus correspondientes definiciones; luego, sobre estas mismas palabras, confeccionarán un recopilatorio de frases, preferiblemente célebres de la literatura latina y, por último, realizarán juegos como crucigramas y el ahorcado, afianzando así el aprendizaje adquirido., The following article aims to offer a proposal to teach Latin’s vocabulary by means of a Moodle platform. Firstly, the students will develop a collective glossary with different words and their corresponding definitions; then, about these same words, they will draw up a compilation of phrases, preferably renowned in Latin Literature and, finally, they will make games like crosswords and the hangman game, strengthening this way the acquired learning.

Die Verwendung von Fus- bzw. Endnoten und Glossaren hat sowohl Gegner als auch Befurworter. Wahrend die ersten es fur eine Niederlage des Ubersetzers halten, verteidigen die anderen diese Ubersetzungstechnik und betrachten sie als eine Art der Bewaltigung von Kulturbarrieren. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist, die Glossare zu analysieren, die als ein explikatorisches Ubersetzungsverfahren beim Ubersetzen von Elementen der dritten Kultur verwendet wurden. Die Analyse wird anhand des Romans Sleuteloog von der niederlandischen Schriftstellerin Hella S. Haasse durchgefuhrt, dessen Handlung in Niederlandisch-Ostindien spielt. Daher fungiert die indonesische Kultur als die dritte Kultur im Ubersetzungsprozess. Der Ausgangstext wird mit den Ubersetzungen ins Deutsche und Polnische verglichen, um den Ahnlichkeiten und Unterschieden in der Vorstellung von diesen Elementen, die diese Glossare bei den Adressaten der Ubersetzung hervorrufen, nachzugehen.

The basic principles of modern sociolinguistic engineering as a tool for population indoctrination, subjugation, and control have their beginnings in the strategies designed by Joseph Goebbels of the NAZI regime and also those of the USSR. The redefinition of semantics is a dangerous tool used by propagandists to influence the individuals' sense of reality using language on a psychological level. This creates a populace that is more willing to follow harmful ideologies. The study will investigate existing legislation of Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada about guarantees on free speech especially in academia, and the classification of hate speech. This study further looks at a microcosm of language used by the diversity, Inclusion, and Equity" movement focusing on an analysis of a glossary created by the University of Washington. It also discusses some terminology that is similarly erroneous but not included in the glossary. The history of terminology and their development is discussed as well as the scientific and linguistic validity of the provided semantic definitions in contrast to the original semantics. The study found that sociolinguistic engineering was taking place in universities and wider society which follows the historic pattern of the Third Reich and USSR. The study recommends that universities and education systems desist from such indoctrination and return to the traditional academic foundations of open inquiry and critical thinking.

In Jordan, deaf learners suffer from great weakness in English language; this is attributed to using the traditional method for implementing modern or more active methods. Therefore, this study aimed at looking into the effect of a computerized glossary instructional program on deaf students to learn English language vocabulary skills and their retention in Jordan. The two questions of the study were: Are there any statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in student’s vocabulary skills that are attributed to the teaching strategy? Are there statistically differences in deaf students’ retention of the new vocabulary items attributed to the teaching strategy? The design of the research is quasi-experimental with an experimental group and a control group. Pre-post test was used to collect the data. The delayed is used to measure students' retention. The participants of the study were male and female students from Al Amal School for deaf students in Irbid city. They were randomly divided into a control group (21 students) and an experimental group (22 students). The results of the study showed that the computerized glossary had a significant effect on deaf students' vocabulary skills as well their retention. Thus, the deaf students had the ability to remember the computerized glossary through spelling the new words, reading them, and remembering their meanings in Arabic through using the sign language. In light of the results, it is recommended to integrate the computerized glossary to deaf students in the Jordanian EFL curriculum for teaching English language and vocabulary skills.

Books on the making of ‘modern Turkey’ often take regime change as their focal point, and weave a narrative around how different sections of Ottoman and/or Turkish society contributed and reacted t...

The Question of China and its relationship with the “Barbarians,” the Outsiders, the Not-yet-, respectively the Non-Chinese, has been one of the decisive factors determining Chinese politics in all...

For centuries, the Chinese classics – whether from the Confucian and Daoist canons or the Buddhist collection – have attracted the attention of foreign scholars. To understand the “Chinese mind,” c...

Derleme Sözlüğü, halk ağzında yaşayan sözcüklerin tespit edildiği, Türkçenin söz varlığının ortaya çıkarılmasını sağlayan çok önemli bir eserdir. Çalışmada Derleme Sözlüğü’nde yalan ve yalancı anlamında kullanılan sözcükler belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Sözlükte anlam karşılığı olarak yalnızca yalan veya yalancı anlamı verilmiş olan madde başları “Tek Anlamlı Sözcükler” başlığı altında incelenirken söz konusu sözcüklerle birlikte başka kavramlarla da anlamı verilmiş olan madde başları “Birden Fazla Anlamı Olan Sözcükler” başlıkları altında incelenecektir. Bu yapılırken sözcükler yapıları bakımından da sınıflandırılacaktır.

This article investigates the lexicon pertinent to the associative field of magic in the Galician-Portuguese medieval cantigas. Affiliated to a philological perspective, we access the episteme of Galician-Portuguese culture through its lexical repertoire. The corpus consists of the edition of the Galician-Portuguese medieval cantigas. We analyzed the cantigas categorized by the subtheme omen/ astrology/ superstitions , from which it was possible to list the lexicon that names or updates a series of elements that relate to the universe of magic. A glossary, in alphabetical order, was also made, comprising all the occurrences identified in the corpus . From this work derive some directions towards the understanding of the construction of the concept of magic in the Middle Ages. We concluded that there was a tendency to demonize the woman and that there was yet no implication of magic as a synonym of bad, but a strong tendency of associating what is magical with failure and decay.

The purpose of this article is to systematize the most frequent word-formation mechanisms of the French youth argot. The authors analyzed a glossary compiled on the basis of materials from six printed lexicographic works and two online dictionaries. The paper presents the classification of word-formation techniques of French argotologists. The analysis showed that users of the modern French youth argot actively resorted to such methods of replenishing the lexical fund as verlanization and metaphor. At the same time, it should be noted there is a striving for saving linguistic means, as a result of which a significant layer of truncated lexemes is formed. The characteristic of the convergence of the argot word-formation methods deserves a separate mentioning. The specified glossary has more than two thousand lexical units, which makes it possible to make a conclusion about the representativeness of the sample and the introduction of new empirical material into scientific circulation.

Purpose This study aims at verifying the impact of literacy on over-the-counter (OTC) drug consumer vulnerability as evaluated by health literacy and label comprehension. Design/methodology/approach The item response theory (IRT) was used to estimate the health literacy of two groups and the two-way analysis of variance tests was used to test the hypotheses for the existence of mean differences between the two populations. The convenience sample involved 188 OTC consumers: 94 (50%) poorly literate and 94 (50%) university students/graduates. Findings University consumers/graduates have a level of health literacy and label comprehension that is superior to those presented by poor literate consumers. Also, age does not influence the level of health literacy by OTC drug users but has a significant impact on the understanding of OTC drug labels. Finally, the level of schooling and the “age group,” simultaneously, does not impact the understanding of OTC drug labels or health literacy. Research limitations/implications This study has added in the field of knowledge by investigating the behavior of poor literate consumers in Brazil, a developing country. The results may be relevant to Marketing professionals, especially those in the pharmaceutical industry, and to police makers, as they help identify the main problems faced by poorly literate consumers. Practical implications It is necessary to raise awareness of the dangers of self-medication and wrong use of medications, mainly focused on people with low literacy. As a suggestion, a simple glossary presented along with the label could provide explanations of scientific terms, thus increasing health literacy and reducing the vulnerability of the consumers. Social implications This study showed that when using common words such as gastritis to define a health problem, there is a higher degree of correctness. These results suggest the adoption of a more straightforward language and more precise explanations. By doing that, the pharmaceutical industry and policymakers will improve their social impact by increasing consumer power and taking care of the health of the most vulnerable population: the illiterate people. Originality/value This study contributes to the international literature, as it enhances and clarifies the knowledge about the customers’ power and vulnerability in developing countries. It fills a gap by evaluating label comprehension and heath literacy at the same time, giving an academic contribution for pharmaceutical consumers’ studies.

This paper treats linguistic changes over a long time span, covering 100 years in terms of the birth years of the informants and over 250 years since the compilation of a dialect glossary. Data from seven generations about 20 years apart were acquired. We compare the absolute time of linguistic change in lexical items recorded in Hamaogi, a dialect glossary, with the results of a large-scale sociolinguistic survey in Tsuruoka City. For lexical phenomena, the change seems to be continuous over the 250 years. Lexical changes occurred in the feudal ages, after modernization, after WWII and even recently. New dialect is discussed as a symbol of language change in the opposite direction to language standardization. A “glottogram map” or “3D glottogram” presents concrete data of the spatial diffusion of the new dialect form, ganpo. We offer concrete observations of the development of new dialect, which is part of a language change in progress. More than 250 years seem to be necessary from the beginning to the end of a lexical change. This suggests that many dialect forms will remain until the 22nd century..

n the university, corpus-based research is commonly done for writing a thesis. However, corpus-based research can also be introduced for the first year of EFL students to build their critical thinking and vocabulary mastery. Less research discusses the practice of corpus-based research for the first year EFL student. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the benefit and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. This study aims to examine the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. Students did corpus-based research in English for the Islamic Studies course. Students tried to structure an English glossary from online Islamic articles, Islamic journals, and Islamic blogs. Forty-four students were chosen as the subject of the research. The survey was done to the students to gather the data about the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research. The results showed that corpus-based research benefits increase vocabulary, increase students' understanding of research, improve students' accuracy in writing, develop critical thinking, and develop collaboration. Students faced several challenges in implementing corpus-based research. The finding shows students have difficulties in understanding new vocabulary. Besides, they have problems classifying data into specific topics, allocating time, and writing their reports.

The word has a history; The words by nature are telling history because the nature of the word and its mechanism of action are inherent in the nature of change. These changes have been periodically taken into preferred action beyond the memory of time and society. These changes involve the development of the language itself. The grandiloquence research on the glossary of diction or phraseology that has been taking place since the last century has set the stage for the endorsing of the myth and uniqueness of Tamil in the order of world languages. This article elucidates the linguistic richness of the epistles and the villanelle compositions based on the tenuous words found in the Purananuru, alone, one of the oldest literary works in Tamil.

Slovenian and Russian substantive internationalisms of different grammatical gender are compared in the present article. Five groups of internationalisms have been distinguished on the basis of the formed glossary based on the dictionaries of the two languages which includes about 450 pairs of lexemes with different gender characteristics: 1) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian masculine; 2) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian feminine; 3) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian neuter; 4) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian neuter; animated nouns constitute a separate group. The significant difference is the small number of neuter gender internationalisms in Slovenian, while there are a great number of such internationalisms in Russian; as well as the predominance of feminine gender borrowings in Slovenian. The analysis has illustrated that the internationalisms gender in both languages is determined by a common set of factors (the influence of gender of the prototype word, features of the morphological category of gender in language, lexical and semantic characteristics), which have different importance in the two languages. The influence of the prototype word gender is mainly characteristic in Slovenian, while structural and paradigmatic factors play a much larger role in Russian. The differences in the donor languages are of great importance for understanding the gender distinction of internationalisms in Slovenian and Russian. The time factor is more evident in Russian, where there is a gradual increasing importance of a paradigmatic factor in the gender determination of a number of borrowings, whereas for Slovenian, where a number of borrowings-internationalisms were formed later, the time factor does not play a big role.

The article presents a general description of the electronic educational and methodical complex on drawing used for graphic preparation of prospective labour training teachers at Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University. The main didactic opportunities of electronic educational and methodical complex are generalized, namely the provision of systematic and consistent study of drawing in accordance with the requirements for graphic competence of labour training teachers; the increase in visual educational material and the ways of its presentation; the organization of automated pedagogical control at any stage of training; the provision of additional sources of information; the organization of students’ independent educational and cognitive activity; the access to remote information resources; the increase in individual learning process. A brief analysis of the main content components (modules) of the author’s electronic educational and methodical complex is given, namely methodical, educational, control, reference, information and search. The main modes of work in the environment of the author’s electronic educational and methodical complex are described, in particular an electronic textbook; Database of Graphic Documentation, Technical Details Base, Graphic Tasks Complex, Electronic Directory, Glossary of Terms. Additional modes are also highlighted. They include the archive of electronic copies of printed textbooks, which is freely accessible and recommended for the use in the process of graphic training of prospective labour training teachers, online resources on graphic disciplines). The results of the implementation of the electronic educational and methodical complex on drawing in the process of graphic preparation of prospective labour training teachers at Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University are presented.

Este trabajo presenta un análisis para cuantificar la comunicación sobre la política fiscal en Colombia, a partir de información disponible en las noticias sobre el déficit del Gobierno que emiten los principales periódicos del país. Se emplea como estrategia metodológica la revisión de noticias fiscales publicadas en los principales diarios y periódicos colombianos para construir un glosario de palabras con las cuales se construye un índice de postura fiscal. Luego, mediante un análisis econométrico se utiliza el método de momentos generalizados —GMM— y son estimados los efectos del índice sobre los retornos de los títulos de deuda pública para el período 2010-2018. Con el fin de contar con evidencias más robustez, también es estimado un modelo de vectores autorregresivos —VAR—. Los resultados indican que cuanto mayor es el déficit fiscal señalizado en las noticias fiscales, mayor es el retorno exigido en la deuda pública, aunque los efectos solo son importantes en los títulos de corto plazo. Además, el riesgo internacional y el precio del petróleo también son variables importantes que afectan los retornos de los TES.

The relationship of church edifices to the tenor of a religious body has been a revealing dynamic in the history of Christianity. In 1724 when the Yongzheng emperor expelled Christian missionaries ...

Economic evaluations, including cost-effectiveness analyses, are frameworks for decision-making. They help to illustrate tradeoffs between selecting one choice over another. This form of analysis is of great power and value to the health-care system. Health-care decisions are complex; they require synthesis of a myriad of data variables and sources, and the impact of the choices made is significant. Given this importance and the increasing demand and complexity of health decisions, it is imperative to ensure that economic evaluations are of high quality, comprehensive, and follow the guidelines and recommendations of experts in the field. This article provides an overview of the types of economic evaluations and their role in decision-making. It also discusses key study design considerations, including methods, scope, results, and reporting. Links to published checklists are provided along with additional sources of information, including a glossary of terms (Appendix), to guide the researcher to produce high-quality economic evaluations and guide the reviewer to provide high-quality feedback during the review process.

espanolEste articulo pretende justificar la creacion de un glosario comentado con los hispanismos que aparecen en un corpus de novela rosa inglesa compilado para el Proyecto de Investigacion FFI2014-53962-P. Al estar total o parcialmente ambientadas en una zona hispanohablante, las Islas Canarias, las obras de este corpus muestran una tendencia notable a la insercion de palabras, expresiones e incluso frases en espanol. Ademas de describir las pautas para la elaboracion de este inventario lexico, en este trabajo preliminar ofrecemos un avance de los registros que incluira el futuro glosario, con los hispanismos detectados en 30 novelas publicadas entre 1955 y 2004. Con esta aportacion pretendemos contribuir a los estudios del papel del espanol como lengua emisora de prestamos. EnglishThis paper aims to justify the building of a glossary or annotated inventory of all the Hispanicisms used in a corpus of English popular romance fiction novels compiled for research project FFI2014-53962-P. An examination of these texts, which are totally or partially set in a Spanish-speaking area, the Canary Islands, proves their tendency to include Spanish words, phrases and even sentences. In this preliminary work, we will describe the guidelines we are using for the compilation and classification of the Hispanicisms found in 30 novels, published between 1955 and 2004, and will also list the entries to be included in the glossary. The work is conceived as a contribution to the studies on the role of Spanish as a loan-giver language.

The lexicographical information resources are being studied by many scientific disciplines: the library science, bibliography, bibliology, lexicography, etc. The author examines the polar-opposite opinions regarding the terms “typo­logy” and “classification”, i. e. their synonymity or absolute demarcation. As a result of scholarly discussions, the terms “bibliotypology” and “typological classification”, “typology of classification”, “typology of typologies”, etc., emerged. The major problems of classification/typology of lexicographical information resources are analyzed. These problems hinder the reference and bibliographic user services. The problems embrace comprehension of modern lexicographical processes, diversity of classifications/typologies, dictionary boom, rise in the number of dictionaries, their types and genres, typological and aspectual synonymity of dictionaries, etc. The solutions for these types of information resources are suggested (integrated studies by lexicographers, linguists, information and library scientists; identification of major groups of characteristics to be used in classification/typology of lexicographical information resources, etc.). The author’s alphabet explanatory synonymic glossary “The vectors of modern national lexicography” [in Russian] and the alphabet union synonymic bibliography “The modern dictionaries of the Russian language” comprise the terms essential for reference and bibliographic services when executing queries of lexicographical and socio-humanitarian character.

Edition et présentation des textes ethnographiques collectés par le P. Yves Alliaume entre 1926 et 1975 au Sahara algérien. Ils proviennent de la Bibliothèque du « Centre Culturel et de Documentation Saharienne » (Ghardaïa, Algérie). L’ouvrage du P. Alliaume est divisé en vingt-sept dossiers comprenant trois cent dix thèmes. Chacun d’eux contient différents textes : dialogues entre le P. Alliaume et les gens, doctrine musulmane, contes populaires, histoires, devinettes, textes de l’Évangile, leçons de morale, expressions et textes ethnographiques en général. Cette édition est précédée de l’index des fascicules et les thèmes. À la fin, nous avons ajouté onze annexes et un glossaire divisé en catégories de mots qui pourront aider le chercheur dans ses recherches.

Introduction:The updated common rule, for human subjects research, requires that consents “begin with a ‘concise and focused’ presentation of the key information that will most likely help someone make a decision about whether to participate in a study” (Menikoff, Kaneshiro, Pritchard. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2017; 376(7): 613–615.). We utilized a community-engaged technology development approach to inform feature options within the REDCap software platform centered around collection and storage of electronic consent (eConsent) to address issues of transparency, clinical trial efficiency, and regulatory compliance for informed consent (Harris, et al. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2009; 42(2): 377–381.). eConsent may also improve recruitment and retention in clinical research studies by addressing: (1) barriers for accessing rural populations by facilitating remote consent and (2) cultural and literacy barriers by including optional explanatory material (e.g., defining terms by hovering over them with the cursor) or the choice of displaying different videos/images based on participant’s race, ethnicity, or educational level (Phillippi, et al. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 2018; 47(4): 529–534.).Methods:We developed and pilot tested our eConsent framework to provide a personalized consent experience whereby users are guided through a consent document that utilizes avatars, contextual glossary information supplements, and videos, to facilitate communication of information.Results:The eConsent framework includes a portfolio of eight features, reviewed by community stakeholders, and tested at two academic medical centers.Conclusions:Early adoption and utilization of this eConsent framework have demonstrated acceptability. Next steps will emphasize testing efficacy of features to improve participant engagement with the consent process.

This article is part of a wider research project exploring connections between ideas of grammar and drawing. Here, prepositions are the focus ‐ tiny, overlooked, undeniably ubiquitous words that articulate crucial relations between their dominant cousins, verbs and nouns. They are dwelt on here for carrying deep metaphorical overtones and having considerable potential for visual engagement. The discussion is situated ‐ in section 1 ‐ via the playfully poetical philosophy of Michel Serres, and ‐ in section 2 ‐ through Barbara Tversky’s thought-provoking analyses of highly integrated verbal-visual patterning within the mechanics of thinking. Section 3 introduces the author’s visual glossary of grammar, currently in development. This aims to present the underpinning energy of grammatical forms which are key to language production, using simple visualizations to communicate the aesthetic drive of syntax in its organization of words. The digital drawings presented hark back to the formalized modernist abstractions considered in the first section, but also to the glyphs and basic visual vocabulary of common diagrams that have been analysed by Tversky. The article ends by suggesting that the crucial qualities of prepositions ‐ being on the edge and in between, rather than obviously central to meaning like nouns and verbs ‐ resonate particularly well with current tendencies in drawing practice and wider cultural debates.

This article presents a mapping of the contributions of the researches that deal with the specificities of the Youth and Adult Education field (YAE) and which bring the themes of technologies and teacher training in their scope. The proposal is to identify the objects of study and the main concepts that foster the discussions on to the theme, as well as the main theorists and references of the areas addressed. The production is part of a bibliographic study that has qualitative approach, based on the mapping of the production in the field of YAE, Technologies and Teacher Training, aiming at identifying the main concepts of this field of study as a subproject of the Studies and Research on the Youth and Adult Education (EPEJA – Estudos e Pesquisa em Educacao de Jovens e Adultos) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, which aims at the elaboration of a conceptual glossary. To do so, 69 articles indexed in the Scientific Journals Portal of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Portal de Periodicos da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior) were selected in the period from 2007 to 2017. Analyzing the selected material, it was possible to identify several relationships with other related concepts, such as: teacher training and professionalization; teaching knowledge; continuing teacher training; pedagogical practices; supervised internships and public policies in Education. In the analysis other concepts were identified, such as those referring to the Research Methodology in Education; Postgraduate Policies; Mathematical Education; Evidence-Based Practices in Education; and Semiotic Representation. In addition to the diversity of themes, it was also possible to observe the diversity and extent of the theoretical reference adopted in the studies analyzed, according to the themes addressed.

Zusammenfassung Fiktionale Texte, die Perspektivität über regional spezifische Sprechweise inszenieren, stellen den literarischen Übersetzer vor schier unüberwindliche Schwierigkeiten. Die im Kontinuum von (einseitigem) Dialog und Gedankenrede konstruierte Oralität bildet nicht nur ein Problem der Wiedergabe, sondern auch und vor allem der Perspektivität und der Identifikationsangebote für den impliziten Leser. Im Zieltext wird dies nicht nur in einer anderen Sprache sondern auch für einen anderen Leser zur besonderen Herausforderung, wenn die sprachliche Binarität des Translationsaktes durch eine dritte hybridisiert wird. Dies läßt sich anhand der komplexen Versprachlichung in Meu tio o Iauaretê (1961) von João Guimarães Rosa im Vergleich mit der deutschen Übersetzung Mein Onkel der Jaguar (1981) von Curt Meyer-Clason zeigen. Dabei wird u.a. auf die Kategorie des Nähesprechens (Ágel & Hennig) Bezug genommen sowie der selbstreflexive Prozess des Übersetzens, der sich in Nachwort und Glossar manifestiert, mitbedacht. Abstract Fictional texts which enact narrative perspective through regional specific speeches confront the literary translator with almost insuperable difficulties. The orality, constructed in the flux of unilateral dialogue and stream of conscience, is more than a problem of reproduction: the essential aspect is the perspective and the identification(s) offered to the implicit reader. In the target text this means a peculiar challenge, not only for a different language but also for a different reader, if a binary linguistic constellation is thwarted by a third language. This can be shown in the case of the hybrid linguistic situation in João Guimarães Rosa’s Meu tio o Iauaretê (1961) in comparison with its translation into German by Curt-Meyer Clason in Mein Onkel der Jaguar (1981). Our approach is guided by the category of speech of immediacy (Ágel & Hennig), taking also into account the translator’s self-reflexive process as manifest in epilogue and glossary.

Specialist training is a critical issue in Europe and worldwide. The trainee is a future colleague from whom we expect that he will deliver the best ever possible quality of care. This best quality of care encompasses a huge number of prerequisites. On the front line appear knowledge and cognitive skills, and psychomotor procedural skills; competence is demonstrated by appropriate decision-making and application of technical skills. During his training, a trainee is expected to progressively escalate the top of the famous Miller’s pyramid (1). As opposed to technical skills, which are tested in national or European board examinations, best quality of care requires a broad spectrum of non-technical skills including empathy, team playing, leadership, cost control among other. The Royal College of Physicians of Canada has prepared and published a guideline document called “CanMEDS glossary”, which describes 7 fundamentals, yet overlapping areas of competence, centred by medical expertise: communicator, collaborator, leader, health advocate, scholar, and professional (2).

Adaptive learning solutions generally assume curricular, instructional, content, and/or learning models to be known in advance. This paper describes an ongoing research project being conducted by the Center for Inclusive Software for Learning (CISL), funded by the U.S. Department of Education, that is developing a suite of open-source tools designed for diverse learners by making digital educational materials—including open educational resources (OER)—accessible, flexible, and engaging. The Clusive Reader at the heart of CISL leverages Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles and includes a number of adaptive features designed to operate without prior knowledge of how the materials support learning goals. These adaptive features include content complexity leveling, inclusion of summaries and highlighted main ideas, dictionary and glossary tools, and just-in-time tips and suggestions regarding preference setting and use of learning tools. Information to support adaptivity heuristics comes from user interactions, an onboarding skills discovery process, and embedded affective, comprehension, and learning goal prompts and game-like vocabulary challenges. Per UDL, adaptivity in Clusive is designed to support not only immediate learning goals, but also the building of “expert learners” who independently choose the most effective content, contexts, and supports. As such, adaptivity has been designed as a learning scaffold, with the intention of gradual reduction over time, in two ways. First, adaptivity operates transparently, providing students with insights as to why choices and recommendations are made. Second, students are allowed to override system decisions to promote self-agency. Evaluation of student impressions and efficacy are being conducted as part of the CISL project. This paper provides the research foundations and philosophical approach taken for this effort, describes the current adaptive learning features being designed, and concludes with remarks on next steps and challenges being faced.

The prerequisites of the study were the contradiction revealed in the teaching process between the need to form a set of professional competencies that combine different disciplines and their perception by students. The study angle involved economics, mathematics and English - the underlying subjects that are basic for an economist. The purpose of the publication is to develop a particular methodology for encouraging creativity in solving applied problems, developing economists and financiers’ professional skills based on interdisciplinary code switching: economics - mathematics – IT - English. Research methods include the study of scientific publications on code-switching theory, pedagogical design and testing created resources. The paper presents a technique for forming a sequence of switching codes, that combine Mathematics, Economics, and English and describe the digital resources created on their basis: a glossary of economic terms and a thesaurus of the R programming language for the discipline “Digital Mathematics”. The authors’ testing of first-year students and their solution of applied problems to follow shows that the application of interdisciplinary code switching on the basis of specially organized language support contributes to the formation of more stable creative thinking and IT-skills. The novelty of the research lies in the development of the theory of code switching by the authors and the formation of a methodology for its use via interdisciplinary interaction.

The study proves that the optimization of the educational process relies on the key characteristics of the creative approach taking into consideration the creative nature of the tasks assigned and the future professional activity of students. A set of exercises aimed at the formation and development of professional knowledge among international students majoring in “Music Education” is presented in the paper. The educational materials are presented step by step: from Elementary level to Certification level I (A1-B1). The tasks are getting more and more complicated with students’ acquiring new vocabulary and grammar. The nature of the tasks also undergoes changes: from receptive to productive. The students were offered to keep a thematic glossary “The Russian language and my profession” in two formats: in electronic and handwritten versions. The electronic format allows one to display photographs, save links to sources and, what seems to be important, work with a Russian keyboard. Handwritten format, in turn, involves improving writing skills. Based on the analysis of the students’ academic results, the influence of the activity approach on the productive skills and professionally oriented knowledge of international students is studied. The proposed approach allows to solve the urgent pedagogical problem of the formation and development of a student as an active subject of the educational process, capable of self-organization, self-improvement, and self-realization in the future profession.