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Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a condition warranting further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5, has received considerable research attention in recent years (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Characterized by problematic and repetitive use of Internetbased games, research suggests a complex etiology and that frequent usage, in and of itself, is not necessarily always problematic. Common motivations for intense usage, such as feelings of isolation, distress, and boredom may, in part, reflect an individual’s best attempts to navigate contact with the ‘ultimate’ anxieties identified by Yalom (1980). This article reviews the research pertaining to IGD, conceptualizes the disorder from an existentialhumanistic therapy (E-H) perspective, and concludes with an explanation of how E-H can offer a unique treatment perspective from which to work with clients struggling with problematic online gaming concerns within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. © 2021 American Psychological Association

OBJECTIVES Racism is a key determinant of mental health for African Americans. Although research has started to uncover moderators and mediators of the racism-health link, additional research in this area is warranted. Constructs that have yet to be examined in this link are self-compassion and self-coldness-two distinct ways of relating to oneself during adversity. METHOD Data from 133 African American college students were used to assess parallel mediation models in which the frequency and stress appraisal of racism were the predictor variables, psychological distress was the outcome variable, and dimensions of self-compassion and self-coldness were treated as mediators. RESULTS Neither frequency nor appraisal of racism were related to the three types of self-compassion (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness); yet, both racism frequency and appraisal were related to the three types of self-coldness (i.e., self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification). However, only self-judgment emerged as a significant mediator in the links between both frequency and appraisal of racism and distress, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reducing self-coldness in the face of racism can be a promising, individual-level wellness strategy for African Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction. The article focuses on the role of the body as a marker of the opposition friend :: enemy in military prose. The external features of belonging the person to this or that military camp, as well as the way of the individual’s bodily features correlation with his political position are analyzed. A group of lexemes used to describe the body of the enemy, as well as changes in the external characteristics of a person when changing its political position are singled out. Particular attention is given to the connotation of injury as a justification for the lack of its own political position, as well as the possibility of choosing the side of the confrontation.Much attention is paid to the peculiarities of the image of the appearance of war criminals in contemporary works. As a material of the research, popular contemporary Ukrainian works devoted to the events in the East of Ukraine were selected: Sergei Zhadan's “Boarding School”, S. Dzyuba's “Call Sign “Banderas”, A. Kirsanov.Purpose. The paper aims at revealing the vocabulary, which is used to describe the body of the enemy in military prose. A descriptive method and the method of analysis of intelligence information are applied.Results. In general, analyzing the lexemes that are used to describe the appearance of the enemy in the military texts denoting the conflict in the East of Ukraine, we can come to the following conclusions: contemporary Ukrainian writers gradually move away from the tradition of depicting persons belonging to the category “alien”, with distinct connotes of deformity. They are often described as ordinary people, can be neutral (like the Manequin) or have attractive features (for example, there is a description of the appearance of Beard from the “Call Sign “Banderas”). This tendency is about rethinking the portrait of the enemy. She also emphasizes the complexity of the situation in the East of the country, because her opponents are former friends, neighbors (according to the data analyzed by the Tories).Conclusion. Of particular interest for further study is the consideration of other works devoted to ATO, the isolation of the somatic vocabulary used to denote enemies, the derivation of general patterns of its use, as well as a comparative analysis of these linguistic units and somatic words used to denote enemies in the literature of the twentieth century.

Taking advantage of the divergent strategies for instruction at different universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents a quasi-experiment comparing narrative media use by students at an online-only university (lower social interaction) with those at an in-person university (higher social interaction). To do so, we rely on perspectives from research on parasocial relationships, retrospective imaginative involvement, and self-determination theory. Students with lower social interaction were expected to rely more heavily on narrative media content to satisfy intrinsic needs by engaging in parasocial relationships with media characters and also retrospectively imagining media content. Our results confirmed that parasocial relationships and retrospective imaginative involvement were predictive of need satisfaction through narrative media;however, these patterns were similar among students at both universities—likely due to extreme feelings of isolation in both groups © 2021 American Psychological Association

Graduate students commonly experience isolation and estrangement when conducting their final research projects, which can contribute to difficulties in completion. A creative and socially beneficial way to offset academic isolation is for graduate students to engage in participatory and action-oriented research projects with local communities. Facilitating a research study with a local partner can be a richly rewarding experience. This article argues that students who enjoy working in collaborative environments and want their final research projects to lead to beneficial social change can find fulfillment in action research (AR) methodologies. Critiqued by some for its lack of tangible and practical methods and its over-reliance on ideology, others, including the author, argue that the benefits of participatory research far outweigh the challenges.

This chapter demonstrates the continuing importance of speech and thought presentation in the stylistic analysis of prose fi ction. It focuses in particular on the category of free indirect thought, which has historically been of great interest to narratologists and literary critics. Recent attacks on the usefulness of the speech and thought presentation categories, for example by adherents of a ‘theory of mind’ approach, have singled out free indirect thought as being unrepresentative of the variety of mental functioning to be found in prose fi ction. While supporting many of this group’s insights concerning the importance of ‘intermental thought’ and ‘the intermental mind’ in the novel, this chapter argues that this does not mean that the traditional categories of speech and thought presentation should be disregarded altogether. With particular attention to one recent experimental novel, David Foster Wallace’s posthumously-published The Pale King (2011), the chapter suggests that free indirect thought remains widespread in twenty-fi rst century fi ction, albeit in a different form to the most commonly studied examples of the style in the nineteenth-and twentieth-century novel. It demonstrates that free indirect thought can do more than represent a solitary individual consciousness in isolation, and that it is in fact ideally suited to the contemporary novel’s depiction of the confl ict between the individual and the vast impersonal and institutional forces of our current age.

This article documents and juxtaposes two side effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on refugee health, housing, and living conditions in Greece. First is the intensification of state‐led practices of what is increasingly known as “campisation,” hyper‐isolation, and ultimately the stigmatisation of refugee populations. Second is the intensification of refugee‐led “commoning” practices of self‐ and community care and the creation of “caringscapes” inside and outside the camps, which has produced new sociospatial connections that have challenged isolation. Documenting these interrelated processes side by side, we draw attention to two important insights. First is that the proliferation of caringscapes acts as an important, but ultimately insufficient, antidote against increased exclusion marginalisation and stigmatisation of refugees. Second is that new ethics and new forms of collective care that have emerged alongside repeated mantras about individual responsibility and social distancing can become levers to imagine a less individualistic, less divisive, and less isolated world. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Geographical Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this review, we suggest attachment science as a framework for understanding the negative impact of loneliness and social disconnection on mental and physical health and for guiding the interventions of clinicians. We provide an overview of current findings linking loneliness and social isolation to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, as well as to physical illnesses such as heart disease. We propose emotionally focused therapy for couples, families, and individuals to enhance the quality of people's emotional ties to significant others and their subjective sense of social connectedness. We conclude by suggesting that the strengthening of emotional, interpersonal bonds, which is the primary focus of all forms of emotionally focused therapy, can help restore emotional balance, thereby protecting people from chronic feelings of isolation and the host of health problems that they can cause.

Dostoevsky realizes the motive of home in an inseparable antinomical connection with the motive of homelessness, which is opposite to it, artistically embodied in the idea of familylessness, wandering, Chaos, and Entropy. The relevance of the study of the motives of home and homelessness lies in the gradual reconstruction of the author's concept of the saving future. In this article, the motives of home and homelessness are considered in several aspects, including toponymic, functional, archetypal and ontological. We tried to demonstrate the implementation of the stated motives at the level of such categories as faith-unbelief, Heaven and Hell, brotherhood and isolation. In the novel Demons , the idea of national soil and separation from it, the possible salvation of a person and the consequences that await society in the event of the dominance of demons and the loss of the primordial brotherhood - the intimate connection between people, is consistently developed. From this point of view, the motives of home and homelessness become significant for the novel space. The archetype of home contains the idea of a saving own circle, which is opposed to the outside world with its hostility, spontaneity, and disaster. Everything that is located outside this circle are elements belonging to the anti-world, and therefore their effect on the microcosm of home is destructive. Analysis of the text confirms that the archetype of Dostoevsky's home is destabilized. Its tightness is broken; the boundaries protecting the interior are permeable. The motive of the home is typically supplanted by the motive of homelessness, and therefore it is natural to consider this motive couple in its antinomical continuity. In the above study, the motives of home and homelessness are considered as ontological: they are associated with the existential level of the work, due to which it is possible to establish the ontological status of the actants and determine the relationship with the so-called initial idea.

The Jihadi-salafist doctrine which is at the Islamist terrorism origin that affects several countries since the emergence of Al Qaeda in the late 80's, gave birth to the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham/Levant (ISIS/ISIL) established as a Caliphate in 2014. Despite the ISIS official military defeat in 2019, the Jihadi-Salafist current - whose history goes back a long way, is currently behind a number of attacks whether collective or individual, claimed by known organizations or committed in isolation. In our perspective, we try to apprehend the attraction power of the Jihadi narrative issue taking the Theory of Social Representations as a paradigmatic framework. This implies that we dont consider the Jihadi current membership as the manifestation of a deviation from normality or optimal rationality, but as the expression of a certain common sense resonance. More precisely, and taking the case of the Tunisian context, the success of the Jihadi narrative is explained by its effectiveness as an interpretive grid and as a guide for action, making it possible to re-anchor a reality lacking in meaning. This hypothesis of a re-anchoring implies that anchoring as described by Moscovici as one of the two processes at the origin of the social representations formation (with the objectification process), could be not only as a familiarization of the strange by inserting it in an already known pre-existing frame, but by substituting to the frame itself, a new one, in order to be able to insert familiar objects which would have lost their sense precisely because of the old frame itself. This hypothesis could offer a theoretical and heuristic perspective allowing the anchoring process to be conceived as a circular and non-definitive process.

Objective To explore the lived experiences of African American mothers after the death of their infants. Design Qualitative, interpretive phenomenologic study. Setting Northeast Louisiana. Participants Seven self-identified African American women whose infants died during the first year of life; the women’s ages ranged from 18 to 38 years at the time of the infant’s death. Methods Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenologic approach guided the data collection and analysis. The women were interviewed using in-depth questioning to determine the meaning of the infant loss experience and their subsequent efforts to cope. Results Six themes represented the experiences of loss for the mothers: Shattered Dreams, Questioning God, Dissociation, Paralyzing Fear, Left in the Dark, and Uniqueness of Grieving. Three themes affected the women’s efforts to cope after their loss: Authentic Presence, Spiritual Empowerment, and Disconnectedness. Conclusion African American women who experienced infant death described intense feelings of loss, guilt, and isolation. These negative emotions can potentially affect their physical and psychological health. These findings may help health care providers develop culturally sensitive understanding of African American mothers’ experiences of loss and equip providers to provide holistic assessment, appropriate support, and treatment for these vulnerable women.

Abstract. The current study examined how reported early life experiences of isolation encountered by Holocaust survivors affect the relationship between their current feeling of loneliness/feeling of positive solitude and their level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. To this end, using a convenient sampling methodology 81 community-dwelling older adults reported the number of years they had been alone or the level of loneliness they had experienced during the Holocaust, their level of current loneliness/positive solitude, and their level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. More years spent alone during the Holocaust were related to a stronger positive association between loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms; feeling lonelier was also related to a stronger negative association between positive solitude and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The findings emphasize that survivors who reported more years of isolation during the Holocaust are prone to be more sensitive when associated with current loneliness to the deleterious results of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, survivors who felt lonelier during the Holocaust demonstrate lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms when reporting on a higher level of positive solitude. Intervention focus on improving positive solitude capability may become beneficial for those suffering from loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

The beginning of the teaching career is an important phase, encircled by tensions, insecurity, fear and isolation that influence both the practice and teaching habitus (consolidation of addictions, traumas and ways of being) and the permanence of the profession. In this article, we intend to discuss the main aspects that permeate the early years of the teaching career in Chemistry, as this is a line of research that needs greater dissemination among teacher trainers and the school community, who play a fundamental role in providing personal and professional support to beginning teachers. Furthermore, we believe that it is up to the degrees to provide subsidies - theoretical and practical - that support the reflection-action of teachers at the beginning of their careers. It is this theoretical security, based on quality and critical reflection, that allows the recent graduate to assume that theory and practice are inseparable, as well as to better control and face adverse situations, emotions and dilemmas experienced during this period.

Durante la pandemia Covid-19, proyectos pedagógicos en cárceles de la provincia y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, impulsados por universidades públicas y/o asociaciones civiles, debieron reformular sus prácticas artístico-culturales destinadas a promover las voces de las personas privadas de libertad y su participación en la esfera pública. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las acciones que algunos de estos programas realizaron en el marco del confinamiento obligatorio desde una perspectiva pedagógica en torno a los procesos de subjetivación que habilitan la educación, el arte y la cultura en la cárcel. Se abordarán mediante el análisis crítico de los discursos para considerar los modos en que se representan a sí mismos las y los estudiantes privados de libertad y cómo dan cuenta de las condiciones de encierro, oponiéndose, respondiendo o denunciando los relatos de los medios hegemónicos que tienen un rol privilegiado en la construcción de representaciones de la cárcel y las personas detenidas, pero que raramente incluyen sus voces. Concluimos que estas producciones son canales para el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión, entre otros derechos, durante el periodo de aislamiento, que profundizó el silenciamiento al reducir el tránsito de voces y personas al interior de la cárcel.

This paper examines games during the COVID-19 pandemic as ontological barriers or barzakhs (singular: barzakh). The traditional meaning of barrier as separation is coupled with the Greek meaning of play as Poiesis (which may also be understood as describing acts of creation). We expand the semantics of ‘barrier’ so as to describe pandemic phenomena that exist at the points at which opposites meet: synthetic game and the world of real game;the infected and the healthy;the player and the character being played;life and death. Our perception of both home and the exterior world has changed significantly in the time of the plague. At-home gaming, far from signalling our modern confinement, enables moments in which we may challenge our imprisonment. To bring this idea home, we deploy barzakh as a moral imperative, a site of both necessary isolation and opportunities of engagement, proof of our need for both interaction and distance, a place for the enactment of our knowing and strategic waiting in relation to the pandemic. Through the term, we theorize the link between barrier and other similar categorical divides (distances, masks, gloves, borders and quarantines) which we activate during lockdown to work through our puzzlement, win the social game of civil goodness and to downplay, and ultimately survive, the pandemic of our times. © 2021 University of the Witwatersrand.

During COVID-19 the practice of social distancing has affected society in various ways. There is still much to learn about the harmful effects of isolation due to social distancing on societal mental health, however, others have noted potentially positive side effects from social distancing such as the observance of solitude (Levine, 2020; Mercier et al., 2021). Solitude and loneliness are distinct experiences (Melvin, 2021). This point of view article contends that Christian social workers should consider the ramifications of both loneliness and solitude in light of COVID-19. This article utilizes Christian scriptures and current literature to define and discuss the differences between loneliness and solitude. There is also a discussion throughout the article about how Christian social workers can recognize and utilize these concepts in their practice with clients and in their own self-care.

COVID-19 has had a devasting impact on older adults in Canada, including persons living with dementia. This intrinsic case study sought to understand the perceptions of persons living with dementia regarding how COVID-19 has impacted their well-being. Ten persons living with dementia participated in in-depth qualitative interviews about their experience with COVID-19. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) expressing current and future concerns; (2) social connections and isolation; (3) adapting to change and resilience through engagement and hope; and (4) we’re not all the same: reflecting individual experiences of the pandemic. Results highlight that while COVID-19 contributed to isolation, concerns, and frustrations, persons with dementia also demonstrated adaptation and resilience. This study reinforced that persons with dementia and their responses to challenges are unique. Therefore, interventions to support persons with dementia must also be individualized to each person’s abilities and circumstances.

COVID-19 and its imposed social confinement entailed a radical shift in research, supervision and learning in doctoral education. Heightened flexibility in delivery, sensitivity and compassion and greater reliance on technology sought to address not merely scholars' pedagogical but holistic needs, which became more prominent during the pandemic. Face-to-face doctoral supervision and academic events were conducted online to overcome hurdles presented by 'social distancing'. We examine how the dynamics of our group supervision for international doctoral scholars changed after shifting to online mode. We employed an autoethnographic approach to highlight evolving rewards and challenges in conducting online meetings with a group of international scholars. Focusing on this group is timely since the 'working-from-home' mode contributed to doctoral scholars' isolation and stress that they experienced. This paper: a) exemplifies the psychological benefits fostered by online meetings;and b) highlights creative virtual pedagogies and practices worth adopting even after the pandemic is over. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Innovations in Education & Teaching International is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

PURPOSE Shame occurs when an individual blames a globally flawed self for a negative outcome. Much of the focus on shame in medical education has been directed toward graduate medical education with less recognition paid to shame occurring in medical school. In particular, while research has explored the triggers of medical students' shame, little is known about what shame feels like, what it makes an individual want to do, and what perceived effects it causes. Thus, this study asks: After shame has been triggered in medical students, how is it experienced? METHOD The authors selected hermeneutic phenomenology to provide a rich description of the structures and meaning of medical students' lived experiences of shame. Sixteen medical students from a private medical school in the United States were recruited for the study. Data were collected using one-on-one semistructured interviews and analyzed in accordance with Ajjawi and Higgs' 6 steps of hermeneutic analysis. RESULTS Data analysis yielded component parts of participants' shame experiences, including affective feelings, physical manifestations, cognitive processes, action tendencies, and effects. Analysis of the relationships among these component parts yielded specific phenomenological structures, including patterns of shame (e.g., chronic shame, flashbacks), self-evaluative processes (e.g., battling voices, skewed frames of reference), and perceived effects of shame (e.g., isolation, psychological distress). An overarching theme of shame as a destabilizing emotion emerged across the dataset. CONCLUSIONS Shame is a complex emotion in medical students that, through its destabilizing effects, can lead to withdrawal, isolation, psychological distress, altered professional identity formation, and identity dissonance. The authors highlight the possibility that shame may be occurring as a response to educational trauma, present a metaphor of dominoes to conceptualize the destabilizing nature of shame, and outline the implications for individuals and institutions in medical education.

We present novel co-created transdisciplinary research that uses arts and humanities methods to explore air pollution in an informal settlement (Mukuru) in Nairobi, Kenya. Air pollution is a well-documented major human health issue, but despite many air pollution reduction interventions designed to improve health, these are frequently ineffective. Often this is because they fail to account for local knowledge, cultural practices and priorities of the intended recipients. Designing solutions therefore requires in-depth exploration of relevant issues with stakeholders. Researchers worked collaboratively with local residents to develop a range of methods to explore understandings of air pollution including interviews, storytelling, participatory mapping and theatre. Together, we uncovered contrasting definitions of air pollution, differing perceptions of who was responsible for enacting solutions, and overall a view that air pollution cannot be seen in isolation from the other issues faced by settlement residents. The methods used also allowed us to communicate about the topic with a wide audience. While we acknowledge that this research approach is more time consuming than traditional approaches, we urge other researchers wishing to address multifactorial problems, such as air pollution to use a mixture of qualitative, participatory and creative methods to engage with a wide range of stakeholders to elicit new and unexpected understandings that may not otherwise emerge.

The past few years, the companies of the financial sector focus on the efficiency even better because of an economic crisis which can be experienced in a year. Because of this the many times obsolete benchmarking systems modernization became important. Characteristically at construction industry firms and the IT and the system developed by them is used in a financial sector, but any companies may be useful where it is necessary to accomplish aims for him, it is necessary to work together with others, or there are key competences, which are essential, to the filling of the scope of activities. Now the big part of the enterprises’ employees home office-ban works, the benchmarking is useful in a situation like this. The leaders’ big part suffers from lack of information in connection with his colleagues’ performance, because of this if the leaders have the aims in sight, it they onto the readiness of tasks which can be broken down, the pressing feeling stemming from the isolation decreases then.

The Somerset Levels and Moors comprise low-lying farmland in south-west England, prone to seasonal flooding. The area suffered uncommonly severe floods in 2012 and 2013/2014, triggering high-profile debates about the area’s long-term future. The article focuses on the experiences of the floods in one village, Muchelney. Drawing on mixed methods, this interdisciplinary study examines physical and social routines, and how these were disrupted, adapted or reinforced. Indications of adaptability, resourcefulness and hierarchy emerge. The examination of routines draws on modest material representations sought out after the events took place, to illustrate how the floods submerged the landscape’s physical geometry and disrupted mobility, but also presented new conduits. Within the trauma of isolation and inundation, prolonged media scrutiny revealed a range of gendered, hierarchical and uncomfortable social experiences that complement evidence of a resilient community pulling together and learning to cope among the upending of normal life.

Art and arts education did not escape the serious challenges created by the coronavirus pandemic and lockdowns. The pandemic and its consequences, whether we want it or not, will directly and indirectly influence the themes of contemporary art and of visual/artistic courses, influencing both creator and product, and appear as part of projects and processes. Moreover they can trigger artistic progress and inspire it, since we all were (and remain) part of the same event. Creative work became a possible way of coping with the crisis, with enforced rest being transformed into time for creativity, suppressed energies channelled into creative activities, the novel emotions and anxieties of the unprecedented global pandemic expressed through it, and alleviation of the feelings of isolation and limitations through the freedom of the imagination, freeing visions that offer distraction from reality, as well as abstract ideas and, wherever possible, humour. Proof of this comes from this lively selection including recent artistic phenomena, art works, and art courses (at the Department of Visual Education of the Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education of Eotvos Lorand University), born of reflections on the unusual circumstances and a variety of creative approaches.

This article was designed to draw attention to the importance of the compassionate approach in the recovery of individuals during the pandemic, and the development of compassionate behavior. It contributes to the learning of the positive and negative behaviors of the members of the profession and the candidates in their approach to sick individuals. The uncertainty, isolation and loneliness experienced by infected individuals during the COVID-19 highlighted the sense of compassion and compassionate approach. With compassionate approach and supporting the process with evidence, nurses will reveal the impact on patient care and contribution to professional practice.

La interpretación constitucional es un pilar fundamental para la materialización de los derechos humanos, en el sentido que con la jurisprudencia puede provocar reformas legales, pero sobre todo interpretaciones extensivas de los derechos plasmados en la Constitución. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo dilucidar sobre la interpretación de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, necesaria para la materialización de los derechos humanos, dada que las reglas interpretativas son diversas y deben ser aplicadas conforme a la realidad, para así alcanzar una verdadera justicia material. En consecuencia, los métodos de interpretación constitucional no deben aplicarse de forma mecánica y aislada. La metodología utilizada responde a un estudio de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, sistematizada a través de los métodos analítico y exegético, así como en la revisión documental y bibliográfica. Se concluye que la actividad interpretativa realizada por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador es necesaria y responde con mayor agilidad a las diversas realidades de su pueblo que las reformas constitucionales para lograr una justicia material; debe existir sensibilidad para garantizar los derechos humanos, tomando en cuenta aquellas reglas de interpretación más efectivas, para cada situación en concreto.

During Covid-19, rates of mental health issues, particularly anxiety, rose significantly in university students. In the scramble to adapt to online learning, university professors were overwhelmed with material aimed at facilitating a supportive learning experience and preserving student academic performance in online contexts yet were ill-equipped to cope with the increased volume of mental health issues encountered. Many studies attest to the association between poor mental health and academic performance. It has been shown that students often report their mental health issues to university professors who are called upon to cope with these issues as best they can. This paper outlines strategies undertaken, in the context of a novel undergraduate mental health program, to address emergent mental health issues during Covid-19 student isolation. These practical, cost effective interventions can be used to successfully give voice to ongoing student mental health issues in a post-Covid world and to help professors feel equipped and empowered enough to contribute to stemming the tide of rising rates of mental illness meaningfully, appropriately and professionally. Practitioner Notes 1. In delivery of an undergraduate mental health program, the lecturer's expertise, familiarity with students and familiarity with the student's academic and learning environment, needs to be coupled with the expertise of a mental health professional. 2. It is recommended that the undergraduate mental health program includes some of the following: the giving of talks, question and answer sessions, one-on-one informal reviews with the mental health professional, anonymous invitations to share concerns through Padlets, post-it note surveys, anonymous questionnaires, the creation of podcasts or videos, information sheets, online Blackboard posts, panel discussions or more. 3. Padlet walls, post-it note surveys and questionnaires are ideal vehicles for anonymous and voluntarily self-reporting to alleviate shame and stigma issues. 4. Current Mental Health training for lecturers in universities predominantly do not reflect the realities of the classroom and are often ineffective.Integrating key learnings into lectures from the topics discussed by a mental health expert in the mental health program is a strategic way to not only re-inforce the messages but establish a caring and trusting student-teacher relationship

Loneliness - a subjective, emotional state of feeling social isolation and being cut off from others. It comes and goes when life situation changes. In the case of chronic loneliness, it is experienced no matter what the circumstances. Loneliness functions in the temporal (time) dimension: it can be continuous, but it can also occur temporarily. The feeling of loneliness occurs in situations where the emotional bond is broken or in the case of isolation. The aim of this article is to address the problem of seniors' loneliness which is caused by the limitations of the Covid-19 pandemic. The participants of the study are seniors living in Poland and Slovakia. Research conducted in Poland, with two elderly women over 70, living in a small fishing village in the north of the country, shows that they experience unpleasant states of loneliness despite having adequate relationships with other people. As observations show, the increase in loneliness is caused by conditions that require the observance of precautionary measures related to the pandemic and restrictions on socializing and conducting classes in senior clubs. The above factors result in shallowing interpersonal interactions; weakening interpersonal relations; contribute to more superficial contacts mainly by telephone. Seniors who are in care at the Retirement Home and Nursing Home in Slovakia also admit to feeling lonely, though not directly. From the conversation, however, it can be concluded that this condition does not result directly from pandemic limitations, but rather from too little contact with loved ones. The presence of other residents and staff, contact with people, meals, activities and conversations significantly fill the time during the day. The study was aimed at checking the facts of loneliness faced by seniors living in Slovakia and Poland as well as providing information about their views on their situation. The aim of the study is also to indicate the direction that will be helpful in combating and preventing such a pejorative phenomenon as loneliness. The research was conducted in the form of an interview. In order for the quality of the interviews to be as high as possible, the respondents were selected from various backgrounds. In Poland, there were two single women, aged over 70, living in a tiny fishing village; in Slovakia they were clients of the Retirement Home and the Nursing Home in Rimavska Sobota. The authors of the texts on the situation in Poland and Slovakia would like to add that the respondents waited with interest for contact from the authors of the publication; were happy that they could speak; that there were people who were interested in their problems. The researchers tried to comprehensively present the analysis of the obtained data, situations and statements of the respondents and, using the bricollage technique, to interpret it in detail. The most important issues raised in the interviews were additionally summarized in the conclusions.

This article presents an analysis of the theory of relations and upbringing in the family as conceived by Jesper-Juul, whereby the focal point of the study rests on solitude, loneliness and isolation. The research was conducted using an analytical-synthetic method elaborated on the basis of the works of this pedagogue and therapist. The obtained results indicate an ontological dimension of loneliness in the family, and the need for its prior experience to guarantee one’s capacity to forge satisfying future relationships. The analysis of Juul's work leads to the conclusion that solitude and loneliness experienced in the family promote emotional growth of partners and that of the child. The work further focuses on destructive loneliness, i.e. isolation. The predominant conclusion drawn therefrom is that solitude and loneliness in the family carry a relationship-building potential. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, undertaking an in-depth analysis of this problem is particularly justified.

Bahauddin Nakshband improved the teaching of Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani in the 12th century and made it one of the most influential teachings. Khoja Bahauddin Nakshband re-introduced the zikri khafi, which was introduced by Gijduvani but abandoned by the following pillars for the favor of zikri jahri. He also added three new rashha (wuqufi zamoniy, wuqufi abadiy, wuqufi qalbiy), to the existing eight rashha developed by Yusuf Hamadani and Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, and increased the number of rashha to eleven. Bahauddin Nakshband denounced solitude and isolation, encouraged people to be professionally active, while not forgetting God for a moment. This article seeks to provide more accurate information about the life, activities and the doctrine of Khoja Bahauddin Nakshband, and draws new conclusions based on historical sources and contemporary research.

This paper explores the Confucian roots of elderly care expectations and how these expectations may influence the current state of the elderly and elderly care in modern China. This paper posits that the outdated expectations combined with recent urbanization trends has put unrealistic pressures on society to adequately care for a rapidly aging population. Until expectations are adjusted to reflect modern day families and realities, the elderly will continue to struggle with a sense of inadequate care, which can lead to mental health issues and feelings of isolation. Once the shackles of Confucian expectations are removed, families, governments and private institutions will have the freedom to be more creative in the way they imagine solutions for elderly care.

Introduction. Shaping modernity in the first third of the twentieth century is tied to the private worldview of the person of this era in which the main metaphor of the individual perception of “their time” is melancholy. The crisis of this historical period forms the prism of melancholic worldview. The goal of this article is to substantiate the reasons for the perception of melancholy as a phenomenon caused in part by the problem of individual experience of time. The relationship between melancholy and modernity has already been noted in the literature, but this text raises a new question – what is the temporal nature of this mutual influence?Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of melancholy is played by the texts of authors of the early 20th century: Walter Benjamin, devoted to Charles Baudelaire and the work of Sigmund Freud “Mourning and Melancholy”. The issue of temporality in the work is interpreted through the reference to the phenomenological tradition, namely in reference to the modern phenomenological analysis of depressive disorder in the work of Domonkos Sik.Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that the feeling of the interrelation of melancholy and the epoch is extremely specific for a person of the first third of the 20th century, evidence of which could be found in the philosophical and cultural reflection of this period. Crisis worldview is reflected in literature, painting, cinema, philosophy, social theory, etc. Thus, it is possible to represent melancholy as a phenomenon, partly caused by the problem of individual experience of time. Melancholy occurs when a crisis worldview is supplemented by an experience of circular temporality, the disappearance of the future, preoccupation with the past, passivity, or isolation.Conclusion. If these elements come together, a total worldview is formed in which real world events intensify melancholy. In this sense, phenomenologically speaking, melancholy is not so much a state as a dynamic process.

La pandemia nos propone una prueba a tamaño real de inmovilidad de un gran número de las personas. Este texto propone una breve inmersión, en Montreal, en el universo de la prohibición de desplazamiento. El texto describe los desafíos de movilidad en Montreal antes de la pandemia y luego precisa los nuevos retos que surgen de la vida confinada. Lo que resalta de la lectura de estas páginas es la prevalencia de la inequidad cuando se trata de evitar los efectos perversos de la inmovilidad obligatoria. También nos encantó la invitación a imaginar el mundo del mañana, Montreal post-Covid-19. Es por eso que la conclusión establece dos tendencias principales que resultan de nuestro nuevo modo de existencia: traer el mundo hacia sí mismo & apreciar el sentido del lugar.

The main focus of this article is to analyze how physical spaces and landscape are employed to reflect and represent alienation and isolation of individuals in Ulysses and to specify how alienation is textually encoded in the form of the novel through the places and spaces which mostly are liminal. The protagonists of Ulysses are reflecting a deep sense of spatial alienation in their own descriptions of physical spaces. It is noticeable that in this novel the idea of alienation is encoded in all of Dublin’s places and spaces, and this use of places as markers of, or embodiments of alienation, shapes the form of the novel as alienating, too: the form of Ulysses has been shown to be molded around the unhomed wanderings of Stephen and Bloom around Dublin. Joyce’s representation of alienation is multiplex and more predominantly a social alienation, where, although there is an active social life in Dublin, the individuals lead alienated lives within an isolated city in a marginalized and colonized island. These people’s psychological alienation comes along with their historical, political, cultural, and physical isolation and exilic states. Thus, it is possible to claim that Joyce projects his sense of alienation and all the Dubliners' sense of estrangement in Stephen’s and Bloom's dislocation and loneliness in their hometown.

Disaster can lead to stressful crises and life stress among individuals. One of the most vulnerable age groups to post-traumatic stress are older adults. As such, this study explored older Filipino adults’ living experiences pertaining to disaster during Typhoon Haiyan, highlighting the problems they encounter after the disaster and identifying factors that contribute to their disaster resilience. The researchers used a thematic analysis in the study among 11 older adults as participants. Three main themes were unveiled upon the analysis of the data: 1) feelings of powerlessness and selflessness within the self; 2) Individuals with positive and negative outlook, over time, slowly influence a positive outcome; and 3) accepting responsibility for one’s personal decisions and actions. Older adults’ immediate reaction after a disaster is the feeling of powerlessness. However, whether they have positive or negative outlooks about life, over time, these perspectives slowly influence a positive outcome, which leads to these older adults take hold on their responsibility as part of their personal decisions and actions to move forward. Gerontologists may suggest that older adults consider social support activities if they are receptive to them and may benefit from such activities, which can provide social contact, reduce alienation and isolation, and increase a sense of belonging, and life meaning.

Este artículo aborda el estudio de las secuelas y daños que se generan en personas adultas mayores ocasionados por el abandono y falta de convivencia con sus familiares, particularmente el caso de aquellos que se encuentran ingresados en casas de retiro o también llamados asilos. El deterioro emocional y psicológico que padecen por la frágil o nula relación con familiares desencadena una serie de eventos negativos tales como falta de apetito, depresión, aislamiento, negatividad a realizar actividades grupales o las inherentes a su óptima motricidad. Esta serie de eventos, los lleva a presentar patologías que terminan por acabar con su vida a corto plazo. Empero, los eventos negativos antes aludidos, pueden ser anulados a través de la implementación de los círculos restaurativos, en los que las personas adultas mayores cuenten con la oportunidad de expresar sus sentimientos y emociones de manera libre, espontánea y respetuosa, que les propicie una mejor comunicación y relación con familiares. Afianzando con esto, el reforzamiento de los lazos afectivos, el mejoramiento emocional y de salud del adulto mayor.

Self-harm is a serious and increasing public health concern. Self-harm is significantly associated with alexithymia, a trait characterised by a difficulty identifying and describing feelings. Alexithymia has been found to be a barrier to psychological treatment. This article explores the experiences of self-harm among eight young adults who reported difficulties identifying and describing their feelings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with the optional use of photographs as visual stimuli for discussion. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Two themes are presented here: The Obscure Self describes participants’ struggle to grasp a coherent sense of self, and how self-harm provided a means of physically reconnecting with their bodies. Words Fail Me describes participants’ difficulties communicating their subjective experience, which increased feelings of isolation and recourse to self-harm. There were also tentative indications that participants were able to recognise their emotional experience when expressed by others. The lack of interpersonal connection, arising from difficulties understanding feelings and communicating them to others, may create or exacerbate the context for self-harm. The findings have relevance for the treatment of self-harm, given the high, but often unacknowledged, prevalence of alexithymia in clinical populations.

The article substantiates the feasibility of virtual museums introducing into the process of studying tourism disciplines. The main advantages of implementing virtual museums such as accessibility (in particular for people with disabilities, low-income and imposed isolation), interactivity, informativeness, time limitless, safety, reliability and modernity have been identified. The use of virtual museums in different forms of pedagogical activity is described: work in and out of the class, advanced training and diagnostic tools. The results of a student survey, which confirmed the expediency of virtual excursions using in the educational process (it is interesting for students, increases the level of mastering professionally oriented knowledge and skills, contributes to the development of a sustainable in-depth interest in communicating with museum objects, the development of creative abilities, the formation of media competence) are presented. It is shown that virtual museums provide an opportunity to fill the learning process with new interesting content through the use of modern Internet technologies.

Informal caregiving for a person living with glioma can be both rewarding and multidimensionally challenging, given the potential for debilitating symptoms, cognitive impairment or personality changes, as early as diagnosis. There is growing evidence that, due to the demands of care, experiences and feelings of loneliness and isolation among informal caregivers are widespread, and opportunities for quality or meaningful social connectedness are lacking. While considerable research has quantified the causes and effects of loneliness and isolation in informal care contexts, the lived experience of loneliness has received relatively little attention. The aim of this study was to better understand the everyday experiences of a group of home-based informal caregivers of people living with glioma in Queensland, Australia. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 32 informal caregivers, purposively sampled, and recruited through a tertiary hospital, in this paper, we explore how the various experiences, demands, and social and relational dynamics in/of informal care (re)produce forms of isolation and loneliness. Using the framework approach to thematic analysis, we derived four themes: (a) the 'need' to be near the care recipient, and the implications for caregiver mobility; (b) the strong sense of responsibility for care, and the virtues of 'good' caring; (c) experiences of loneliness in the company of others and (d) postponement of social connection and minimising the self. The findings, we argue, are reflective of broader social and moral norms and expectations within experiences of home-based informal care.

The article is based on a 1991-92 research, published in Sole senza Sole (1998). In his book Colangelo retraced the journey and life of 110 Italian women, residing in Toronto. He followed the stages of their lives, successes and difficulties, including those arising from their retirement onwards. For these women the greatest difficulties began just when they could relax with their husbands and enjoy the well deserved retirement. After the death of their spouses these women often lived alone; they did not know how to drive; their children were adults and independent; they did not interact much with their neighbours: they lived in a neighborhood far from shops, supermarkets, churches, etc. This situation created an existential void, isolation and solitude, aggravated by long, unnerving climatic conditions and a silence that it is not golden nor a “blessed solitude!” In this article, Colangelo reflects on the dynamics of the cultural transition of the emigrant-immigrant, who encompasses two different experiences: first as one who leaves his country, and second as one who enters the country in which he or she has decided to settle.

The evolution of social/physical distancing narratives throughout the COVID19 pandemic has left the concept itself ambiguous and vague while cutting through the borderlines between private and public. In the case of Serbia, economy-driven policies have shifted the focus from isolation, solitude and remote work during the first and the only lockdown towards the idea of physical distance in public spaces and work environments. This paper aims to analyse how social distancing narratives in Serbia were construed over time through governmental policies as well as companies’ regulations, and how they redefined the concept of privacy during the pandemic.KEYWORDS: Covid-19, private/public, social distancing, physical distancing, privacy

O presente ensaio aborda a pandemia do SARS-Cov-2, causador da Covid-19, e o pensamento contraditório em relação as medidas de isolamento social adotadas pelos governos estaduais no Brasil à luz da filosofia de Emmanuel Levinas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetiva trazer outra mirada sobre essa crise, destacando a ética da alteridade como filosofia primeira para o enfrentamento da crise sanitária. No episódio analisado observou-se que a busca por interesses próprios não considera os do outro, não atentando para cuidados relacionados à sua integridade física e mental. O argumento econômico aparece como elemento central para a quebra do isolamento horizontal sobrepondo-se às vidas. A normalização das mortes como resultado da análise de riscos que não considera a condição humana, produzindo a falsa impressão de que a verticalidade do isolamento seria suficiente para a gestão da crise. Nesse sentido, enfatizamos a necessidade de uma percepção de mundo a partir da ética da alteridade que evidencia e enfatiza a responsabilidade do mesmo com o outro e, principalmente, a necessária preservação da vida como prioridade, acima de quaisquer interesses possíveis.

This paper demonstrates that, when interpretation is at stake, it is only degree of defaultness that matters. Neither degree of Negation, nor degree of Affirmation, nor equal degree of Novelty, nor equal degree of Literalness/Nonliteralness, nor equal strength of Contextual support, whether linguistic or pictorial (see Heruti et al. 2019), makes a difference. Instead, it is only degree of defaultness that counts. Indeed, having established degree of defaultness of negatives and affirmatives (Experiment 1.1) and their processing cost when in isolation (Experiment 1.2), we further attested to the speed superiority of default negative interpretations, which seemed more pronounced in the Left Hemisphere rather than in the Right Hemisphere (Experiment 1.2; see Giora, Cholev et al. 2018).We then further attested to the speed superiority of these negatives, when embedded in equally strong supportive contexts. Here, we also show that default Negative Sarcasm is processed significantly faster than nondefault Affirmative Sarcasm (Experiment 2). And when embedded in equally strong sarcastically biasing contexts, both hemispheres reflect the superiority of default Negative Sarcasm over nondefault Affirmative Sarcasm (Experiments 2.1–2.2). However, given Affirmative Sarcasm’s nondefaultness, it is only nondefault Affirmative Sarcasmthat is expected and shown to rely on cueing for its derivation (Corpus-based Studies 1–2, Section 3). Still, when hedonic effects are considered (see Section 4), it is only utterances’ nondefault interpretations, whether in linguistic (Experiment 3) or pictorial contexts (Experiment 4), that are entertaining, given that they make up Optimal Innovations, while involving default interpretations in the process (see Giora et al. 2004, 2017). It is degree of defaultness, then, that affects both (i) processing speed (whether in or out of context), (ii) reliance on cueing, and (iii) hedonic effects. Finally, in Section 5, our results and conclusions are summarized.

Introduction The rationale for this study was to ascertain the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Undergraduate B.Sc (Hons) Diagnostic Radiography students at the University of Hertfordshire in the UK. This would provide an ideal opportunity for students to reflect on their experience and indicate if they required additional support from the University. Methods An online anonymous cross‐sectional survey was deployed to all year groups (n = 283) during the first nationwide lockdown in May 2020, eliciting qualitative responses on questions about the effect of the pandemic; emotions experienced; support required and consideration of their choice of a career in the health sector. Results Two hundred and one students responded to the survey, with many having experienced the illness or loss of a loved one. Trying to balance family commitments and study was a concern to some students, as well as struggling with the financial burden of job losses or furlough. Many students commented that educational support was a requirement with the move to online teaching and assessment. The main focus of student responses was the emotions that they had experienced, many of which were negative. Anxiety and fear were commonly expressed feelings, along with sadness and feelings of isolation. A small number of students reported feeling grateful, happy and relieved. An overwhelming majority of respondents commented that they were proud to be healthcare students and they were resolute in wanting to continue the course and join the frontline of the NHS workforce. Conclusion Some students have been deeply affected by their experiences of the pandemic, and University support mechanisms should be refined to better assist with their ongoing challenges., United Kingdom‐based students surveyed regarding their emotions during the first phase of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Particular note was made of their intended career in healthcare and if their decisions had altered.

In the context of a global emergency and suspension of face-to-face activities in educational institutions, the objective of the study is to analyze changes in teaching practices at different times of isolation and social distancing due to COVID-19. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in order to understand meanings and meanings about educational practices. The study was carried out between August and September 2020, continuing a previous investigation that was carried out in the first moments of social isolation. Thirty teachers residing in the Department of Río Cuarto (Argentina) participated in the present study. All the people participating in the study are women. The sampling was intentional and by opportunity. For data collection, it will be used in questionnaires with open-choice questions and semi-structured interviews. Triangulation and communicative validation processes were carried out. From the qualitative analysis with ATLAS.ti (segmentation, construction of citations, coding, creation of memos, categorization and theorization), five general categories were constructed to systematize the data: Trencadís educational in quarantine; Deep gaps and inequalities; Teaching overload and collaborative work Specificities of the proposals according to educational levels and Unexpected learning. The results indicate that teachers have created various educational proposals, using different mediations and generating changes in practices. The participants perceive overload in their activities and educational inequalities. The analyzes also show specificities according to levels and unexpected learning in teachers and students. From the theories of creativity, it is observed that many of the related pedagogical proposals include components that have been defined as creative teaching and learning contexts. Thinking about augmented and multimodal education, which integrates different communicative practices, is interesting to move into the new normalities. The particularities of creative contexts may be relevant to discuss future multimodal educational environments. Likewise, it is considered essential to revalue the educational experiences built in a pandemic and to recognize the value of the work done by teachers, students and families. En el contexto de emergencia mundial y suspensión de actividades presenciales en las instituciones educativas, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los cambios en las prácticas docentes en diferentes momentos del aislamiento y distanciamiento social por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico con el objetivo de comprender sentidos y significados sobre prácticas educativas. El estudio se desarrolló entre agosto y septiembre de 2020 dando continuidad a una investigación anterior que se realizó en los primeros momentos del aislamiento social. Participaron del presente estudio 30 docentes que residen en el Departamento de Río Cuarto (Argentina). Todas las personas participantes del estudio son mujeres. El muestreo fue intencional y por oportunidad. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron cuestionarios con preguntas de opción abierta y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizaron procesos de triangulación y validación comunicativa. A partir del análisis cualitativo con ATLAS.ti (segmentación, construcción de citas, codificación, creación de memos, categorización y teorización), se construyeron cinco categorías generales para sistematizar los datos: Trencadís educativo en cuarentena; Brechas y desigualdades profundas; Sobrecarga docente y trabajo colaborativo Especificidades de las propuestas según niveles educativos y Aprendizajes inesperados. Los resultados indican que el profesorado ha creado diversas propuestas educativas utilizando diferentes mediaciones y generando cambios en las prácticas. Las participantes perciben sobrecarga en sus actividades y desigualdades educativas. Los análisis también muestran especificidades según niveles y aprendizajes inesperados en docentes y estudiantes. Desde las teorías de la creatividad, se observa que muchas de las propuestas pedagógicas relatadas incluyen componentes que han sido definidos como contextos creativos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Pensar en educación aumentada y multimodal, que integre diferentes prácticas comunicativas, es interesante para transitar en las nuevas normalidades. Las particularidades de los contextos creativos pueden ser de relevancia para discutir futuros entornos multimodales de educación. Asimismo, se considera indispensable revalorizar las experiencias educativas construidas en pandemia y reconocer el valor del trabajo realizado por el profesorado, el alumnado y las familias. En el contexto de emergencia mundial y suspensión de actividades presenciales en las instituciones educativas, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los cambios en las prácticas docentes en diferentes momentos del aislamiento y distanciamiento social por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico con el objetivo de comprender sentidos y significados sobre prácticas educativas. El estudio se desarrolló entre agosto y septiembre de 2020 dando continuidad a una investigación anterior que se realizó en los primeros momentos del aislamiento social. Participaron del presente estudio 30 docentes que residen en el Departamento de Río Cuarto (Argentina). Todas las personas participantes del estudio son mujeres. El muestreo fue intencional y por oportunidad. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron cuestionarios con preguntas de opción abierta y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizaron procesos de triangulación y validación comunicativa. A partir del análisis cualitativo con ATLAS.ti (segmentación, construcción de citas, codificación, creación de memos, categorización y teorización), se construyeron cinco categorías generales para sistematizar los datos: Trencadís educativo en cuarentena; Brechas y desigualdades profundas; Sobrecarga docente y trabajo colaborativo Especificidades de las propuestas según niveles educativos y Aprendizajes inesperados. Los resultados indican que el profesorado ha creado diversas propuestas educativas utilizando diferentes mediaciones y generando cambios en las prácticas. Las participantes perciben sobrecarga en sus actividades y desigualdades educativas. Los análisis también muestran especificidades según niveles y aprendizajes inesperados en docentes y estudiantes. Desde las teorías de la creatividad, se observa que muchas de las propuestas pedagógicas relatadas incluyen componentes que han sido definidos como contextos creativos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Pensar en educación aumentada y multimodal, que integre diferentes prácticas comunicativas, es interesante para transitar en las nuevas normalidades. Las particularidades de los contextos creativos pueden ser de relevancia para discutir futuros entornos multimodales de educación. Asimismo, se considera indispensable revalorizar las experiencias educativas construidas en pandemia y reconocer el valor del trabajo realizado por el profesorado, el alumnado y las familias.

Preschool children have the capacity to engage in scientific practices and inquiry and develop understanding at a conceptual level. While engaging in inquiry with preschool students, teachers transition from being transmitters of knowledge to facilitators in the educational process as students take on an active role in this learner-centered approach. Although studies have explored how preschool students can engage in inquiry-based science, there is a dearth of research on what teachers need to do to ensure their students are engaging in meaningful, inquiry-based science. Considering the nature of preschool students’ play—curious exploration throughout the day—this study sought to review the literature on preschool scientific inquiry and report on significant themes. The purpose of this paper is to develop a research-based framework for inquiry-based science exploration in preschool settings that cuts across specific interventions, science concepts, or activities to provide teachers with strategies to build and sustain a culture of inquiry that permeates all aspects of their preschool program. To create this framework, 15 studies were analyzed, and five major themes were uncovered regarding how teachers engaged students in inquiry. With students’ curiosity, wonderings, and interests as an essential starting point, the framework outlines these five themes as teacher strategies to support scientific inquiry in preschool. These strategies, rather than implemented in isolation, blend together to assist teachers in transforming play and teacher-initiated or child-initiated activities into rigorous learning and support the creation of a culture of inquiry that is part of their classroom environment.

Developmental research suggests that parent emotion socialization plays a critical role in children’s development of emotion-related skills and their risk for psychopathology. Adaptive emotion socialization practices can shape children’s capacities to understand and regulate their own emotions, and when maladaptive, these practices can confer risk for both internalizing and externalizing problems, suggesting transdiagnsotic significance. Yet, emerging work suggests that the effects of parent emotion socialization are not universal and may differ based on children’s unique vulnerabilities, highlighting the need to examine both parent and child factors within transactional models. Given the developmental shifts in emotion regulation capacities and autonomy across development, there is a great need for longitudinal emotion socialization research, as well as work that accounts for alternative interpretations, in this domain. Additionally, to-date much of the work in this regard has utilized parental report in isolation, making the need for cutting-edge, multi-method approaches highly salient. Further, translating scientific research into parent emotion socialization interventions is still in its infancy, with the majority of available treatments focusing on young children. As such, contributors to this special issue help address these gaps in the literature and examine the implications of a range of parent emotion socialization behaviors in the context of both adaptive and maladaptive child and adolescent emotional development. In this introduction, we highlight major themes of the special issue; further discussion and future directions are offered in the commentary accompanying this special issue.

From March to May 2020 in the UK, measures that became known across the world as ‘lockdown’ curtailed personal freedoms in order to curb the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus. While initial criticisms of lockdown focused on the adverse impacts of social isolation on wellbeing, this research article explores how lockdown creates new and altered proximities and intimacies as well as distances. During the initial UK lockdown, the ‘household’ and ‘home’ were deployed in public rhetoric as default spaces of care and security in the face of widespread isolation and uncertainty. However, emergent proximities created by bringing people together in the assumed safety of home also deepened existing inequalities and vulnerabilities. Using anthropological theory, third sector evidence, and ethnographic interview data we explore this process. We argue that understanding proximity and intimacy as fundamentally ambivalent, not normatively affirming, is central to recognising how pandemic responses such as lockdown reinforce and reproduce existing forms of inequality and violence.

In a time when the two major strategies followed by Christian religious traditions in modernity have lost traction—Christendom and subcultural isolation on the one hand and liberal and socialist assimilation with modernity on the other hand—Charles Taylor’s Catholic modernity idea opens up a “third grand strategy,” a new perspective on the relationship between religion and modernity. Moreover, the perspective can be put to use in other religious traditions as well. We will, hence, argue for the extension from a Catholic modernity to a religious modernities perspective. With the help of the arguments and suggestions as well as the critiques put forward by Taylor and the other authors in this volume Modernity and Transcendence, we will chart some of the main axes of this vast research field: (1) the clarification of Catholic/religious modernity; (2) the generalization of the Catholic modernity idea into a religious modernities perspective; (3) the invention of an inspiring, post-Christendom Christianity/post-fusional religion and theology; (4) the issue of religious engagement in our time—what Taylor calls “the Ricci project”; (5 and 6) the need for encompassing theories of modernity and religion (transcendence).

This phenomenological study explores the experiences of Chinese international undergraduate students in the United States as they work through the complications of COVID-19 that are potentially intertwined with Sinophobia. By drawing on insights from critical race theory, especially the lens of racial trauma and trauma-informed care, the current study interprets four primary themes: (a) Paradox: Confusions about Racism in Academic Life;(b) Racially-Traumatic Incidences and Risk Factors in Social and Cultural Life;(c) Exodus: Burnout, Homesick, and the Dilemma;and (d) Determined Traumatic Symptoms: Insomnia, Nightmare, and Negative Memories. Noticeably, social justice issues such as isolation, exclusion, threats, and discrimination were present during the 2020 academic year. Therefore, the implications are explored through sociopsychological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of British Journal of Guidance & Counselling is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BiedrońNatalia, Szabat Marta, Dąbrowski Jan, Dębek Karolina, Gąbka Ilona. The relationship between internet addiction and mental health problems such as depression symptoms, anxiety and insomnia before and during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(8):215-225. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.08.022 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.08.022 https://zenodo.org/record/5219478 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2021. Revised: 15.08.2021. Accepted: 18.08.2021. The relationship between internet addiction and mental health problems such as depression symptoms, anxiety and insomnia before and during Covid-19 pandemic Natalia Biedroń, Marta Szabat, Jan Dąbrowski, Karolina Dębek, Ilona Gąbka Student Research Group of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin ORCID ID and E-mail: Natalia Biedroń https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-0757, nataliabiedron7@gmail.com Marta Szabat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-2027, marta.szabat9@gmail.com Jan Dąbrowski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-7412, jasiek.dabrowsky@gmail.com Karolina Dębek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-6002, kpdebek@gmail.com Ilona Gąbka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-8338, ilona0002@gmail.com ABSTRACT Introduction: On the account of the Covid-19 pandemic, many governments around the world have imposed multiple restrictions on public life to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Social disruption and forced isolation contributed to increased stress as well as increased use of the Internet. Aim of the study:The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health problems, including Internet addiction, and to link Internet addiction with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression symptoms and insomnia. Material and methods:The data for the article was found using the PubMed and Google Scholar websites. Description of the state of knowledge: Internet addiction (IA) is becoming an increasingly serious problem of the modern world. The problem of Internet abuse is associated with various risk factors that are dependent on gender or family relationships, as well as mental disorders. Many studies have confirmed that the Covid-19 pandemic caused negative mental health effects, contributing to increased anxiety and depression symptoms. To reduce stress, people started using the internet more often. This compensatory mechanism can cause even more mental health problems by increasing anxiety, symptoms of depression and insomnia. Summary: Research by many scientists shows that the Covid-19 pandemic is exacerbating the mental health problems associated with IA. Research shows that during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is especially important to be able to manage stress through non-internet-related activities to help prevent IA. Key words: internet addiction;COVID-19 pandemic; depression symptoms; anxiety; insomnia.