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Taking advantage of the divergent strategies for instruction at different universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents a quasi-experiment comparing narrative media use by students at an online-only university (lower social interaction) with those at an in-person university (higher social interaction). To do so, we rely on perspectives from research on parasocial relationships, retrospective imaginative involvement, and self-determination theory. Students with lower social interaction were expected to rely more heavily on narrative media content to satisfy intrinsic needs by engaging in parasocial relationships with media characters and also retrospectively imagining media content. Our results confirmed that parasocial relationships and retrospective imaginative involvement were predictive of need satisfaction through narrative media;however, these patterns were similar among students at both universities—likely due to extreme feelings of isolation in both groups © 2021 American Psychological Association

An increasing number of firms engage in grassroots innovation, i.e., the voluntary generation and development of innovations by any member of an organization, regardless of function or seniority. However, no empirical study to date identifies the determinants of success or failure of grassroots innovation initiatives. We execute a survey study among 3,728 managers in 14 countries, 2,353 of which (63.1%) had already engaged in grassroots innovation. We find that, on average, firms that adopt grassroots innovation outperform firms that do not. We also find that firms that enable (1) employee autonomy, (2) competence development, and (3) relatedness (i.e., helping employees establish mutually beneficial relationships with trusted colleagues) in their grassroots innovation initiatives outperform firms that do not. We document that such effects are contingent on a firm’s institutional environment (i.e., leadership style and market orientation). For instance, the lower the market orientation and the higher the hierarchical leadership of the firm, the higher the performance returns the firm obtains from fostering autonomy and relatedness in grassroots innovation. These findings encourage managers and firms to adopt (or persist in their) grassroots innovation initiatives, to infuse them with sufficient autonomy, competence, and relatedness and match them with the right leadership style.

Although research shows that videogames have a positive impact on the majority of players, concerns remain about the situations in which videogame play becomes disordered and harmful. Drawing on self-determination theory and the dualistic model of passion and based on previous research in non-videogame domains, we sought to explore the extent to which need satisfaction outside of videogames (in general life) as well as need satisfaction from videogames predicted passion orientation. We also aimed to explore the extent to which passion for videogames predicted well-being outcomes. We undertook structural equation modeling with survey data from a sample of 170 participants. We found need satisfaction from videogames predicted both obsessive and harmonious passion, but importantly, that obsessive passion for videogames was predicted by low need satisfaction in general life. In turn, qualified support was found for obsessive passion predicting psychological distress and addiction. Overall, our findings highlight that when problematic gaming occurs it may be useful to focus outside of videogames as the cause of the problem.

The article examines the role of the Cyprus issue in the bilateral relations between Greece and the USSR in 1956-1960. It is based on primal archival research realised at the Constantine Karamanlis Archive (AKK) and at the Diplomatic and Historical Archive of the Greek Foreign Ministry (DIAYE) in Athens. The analysis of the recently declassified documents relate to the events which took place in 1954, when the Soviet Union supported the Greek claims for self-determination of the Cypriot people in the United Nations on the basis of the anti-colonial principles. This contributed to the impressive increase in trade between Greece and the USSR, especially after the unofficial visit of the Soviet Foreign Minister D.T. Shepilov to Athens in 1956. Against the backdrop of the deterioration of the international situation in 1957, Kremlin heavily criticized NATOs decision to deploy the US Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs) in Europe and applied diplomatic pressures to NATO member-states including Greece. The shift from tensions to a peaceful offensive strategy, characteristic of the Soviet diplomacy towards Greece, proved to be a double-edged sword for Moscow in the long term. The author concludes that both countries exploited the Cyprus issue for their benefit. Thus, Moscow managed to take advantage of the Greek discontent with the NATO allies as a means of increasing its own prestige in the region, while the Greek governments capitalized on the Soviet tactics in order to increase its political leverage in confronting NATO on Cyprus.

As autistic adolescents and young adults navigate the transition to adulthood, there is a need to partner with them to identify strengths and needed supports to enable goal-directed actions. This article conceptually integrates research on self-determination, defined by Causal Agency Theory, and executive processes in autism to provide direction for future research and practice. We describe how integrating research on self-determination and executive processes could enable autistic adolescents and young adults to be engaged in the process of assessing executive processes and self-determination. We discuss how this can better inform personalization of supports for self-determination interventions by focusing on support needs related to executive processes, including inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, from a strengths-based perspective. We discuss how this can enable self-determination interventions that promote outcomes aligned with the values of the autistic community.

Background Empowerment among older adults is a key concept for improving their health. In contrast, empowerment evolves according to cultural and historical contexts and needs to be consistently tested and constructed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the components of older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan and to reconstruct the definition of empowerment. Methods A conceptual analysis was performed using Rodgers’ evolutionary method. The data sources were PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi. The search keywords were “empowerment,” “older adults,” and “Japan/Japanese.” Of the 8811 articles published between 2000 and 2019 that focused on older adults’ empowerment, we selected 60 articles that met our objectives. Results Seven antecedents, six attributes, and seven consequences were identified. Older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan was defined as “the series of processes in which disclosing oneself, not only verbally but also nonverbally (e.g., through work, roles, and collaborative activities), in connection with others, objectively perceiving one’s existence and challenges, taking proactive actions based on decision-making, and utilizing one’s strengths in new work and community life.” Conclusions This concept is useful in practice, education, and research on community development and providing support for older adults based on self-help and mutual aid, not only in Japan but also for the global aging society.

Catalonia is in a situation of political conflict with the Spanish State regarding its right to self-determination, a conflict that has been exacerbated in recent years by the growing demand from a part of Catalan society for an independent state. Throughout this situation rumours have appeared in relation to events as they unfold. One of the key moments in the conflict was the referendum on self-determination, which was approved, prepared, and held on 1 October 2017, in the face of continuous opposition from the Spanish State. The tensions, uncertainties, and fears experienced by those in favour of the referendum were fuelled by rumours that in many cases were ultimately proven to be false. The present paper will analyse the rumours that emerged in relation to the referendum and the political atmosphere at that time. The study will analyse the rumours relating to aspects such as the logistics required to hold the referendum, the key figures in the process, the organizations that support it and the actions of the media, among others.

This article presents various transformations registered in the political sphere and community participation due to the COVID-19 pandemic on Indigenous territories in northern Mexico. It explores the challenges of the Rarámuri and Ódami Indigenous people’s experience in guaranteeing their political rights and self-determination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically when organising festivities and ceremonies that were unable to celebrate to comply with official health care guidelines. The article gives firsthand accounts of the political relations between Indigenous groups’ community responses and the Mexican government’s actions to mitigate the effects of the new coronavirus. The article draws on the argument that the current health emergency context is inserted into a complex network of pre-existing and structured power relations that largely define the scope of the actions taken because of the pandemic. Critically, the community responses emanating from Indigenous groups show crucial cultural differences in ways to deal with the disease.

Since the collapse of the peace process in 2015, the Turkish Government has sought to turn every move towards Kurdish rights into an existential threat – a process led to the re-securitization of the Kurdish question. Ever since the descent of Turkey into an authoritarian polity has begun in the aftermath of the June 2015 elections, the Kurdish minority has suffered a brutal crackdown marked by high of political imprisonment and greater restrictions on freedom of assembly and association and on electoral aspects of self-determination. This commentary will take a closer look at the dire consequences of the collateral impact of Turkey’s authoritarian turn on the Kurdish political movement from the perspectives of minority rights and self-determination.

Despite the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability, community care systems are ill prepared to support the choices of people with intellectual disabilities for ageing well. Thi...

PurposeHedonic social applications have been increasingly popular among health information consumers. However, it remains unclear what motivates consumers to adopt health information in hedonic applications when they have alternative choices of more formal health information sources. Building on the self-determination theory and the affordances lens, this study aims to investigate how different affordances on hedonic social applications affect consumers' basic psychological needs and further influence their intention to adopt health information on such applications.Design/methodology/approachAs TikTok demonstrated great potential in disseminating health information, we developed a model that we analyze using the PLS-SEM technique with data collected from a valid research sample of 384 respondents with health information seeking or encountering experience in TikTok.FindingsThe results suggested that health information adoption in hedonic social applications is significantly predicted by the satisfaction of consumers' basic psychological needs, namely autonomy, relatedness and competence. Moreover, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs is positively affected by affordances provided by the hedonic social applications. The hedonic affordances positively influence autonomy satisfaction, while the connective affordances positively affect relatedness satisfaction, and the utilitarian affordances positively support competence satisfaction.Originality/valueThe study indicates that hedonic social applications such as TikTok could be an important channel for consumers to access and adopt health information. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a theoretical model that explains consumers' health information adoption and yields practical implications for designers and service providers of hedonic social applications.

This article analyses domestic violence fatality reviews/coronial files for a whole-of-population study of First Nations women killed by male partners across several Australian jurisdictions between 2006 and 2016, alongside yarning/interviews with First Nations domestic violence workers, violence survivors and Elders. Findings show that most women had domestic violence-related police contact before their deaths, and these interactions were frequently harmful. Harms resulted from police inaction, including failures to respond or enforce the law. Harms also resulted from police action, with policing enhancing state surveillance of victims’ families, eroding victims’ autonomy and criminalizing victims. Findings are located in neo-colonial context, emphasizing a policy need for meaningful Indigenous self-determination and reinforcing the importance of inclusive disciplinary and epistemological practices in gender-based violence criminology.

In her recent book Gillian Brock argues that states’ legitimacy depends on their being part of a just state system that protects human rights. Here I discuss some practical limitations raised by Brock’s legitimacy framework: mainly, (1) the problematic real-world implications of such an account, and (2) the epistemic challenges that judgements inspired by this account would have to face, were we to proceed solely on the basis of it.

This timely collation of case studies, written by and with Traditional Owners of diverse Australian offshore islands, offers direct insights into benefits arising from strategic and participatory action planning for biocultural island conservation and monitoring. We pay respect to the Old People and Elders whose dedicated care of their island homelands means we today can still experience their cultural and natural diversity. We extend greetings to our Pacifika neighbours, and to carers of islands around Earth. Our paper scopes socio-economic benefits arising from planning for islands, for Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders, and more generally. Global, national, state and local co-investments support place-specific planning for some islands by Traditional Owners as a starting point toward shared governance and caring for Country. Case studies describe Country planning for Mayala Country in Australia’s northwest, Woppaburra experiences within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and integrated biocultural health monitoring arising from remote island Indigenous Protected Area planning in Torres Strait. New institutional initiatives are also seeking to create solid foundations for more substantive island research collaborations. Across Australia, novel relationships grounded in culturally assured, holistically integrated approaches to island governance and caring for Country involving Traditional Owners and island resource users/managers are creating equity in livelihoods and stronger wellbeing. Australia’s innovative Sea Country collaborations, with priorities initiated and led by island Traditional Owners, carry real value for sustained island conservation and provide positive inspirations for global humanity in the accelerating Anthropocene.

People with disabilities develop skills associated with self-determined action when supports and opportunities, aligned to their strengths and values, are provided in the environments in which they live, learn, and work. Researchers have suggested that a complex array of contextual factors impacts how people with disabilities and their key supporters in life perceive self-determination. However, to date, no comprehensive meta-synthesis has examined similarities and differences within and across studies regarding key contextual factors that shape perceptions of self-determination for people with disabilities and their supporters. The purpose of this meta-synthesis was to explore similarities and differences among various stakeholders’ perceptions of self-determination. Additionally, we examined how various contextual factors impact on perceptions. Findings showed that the respondents across the studies generally agreed on the value of self-determination in the lives of people with disabilities. People with disabilities, especially, expressed that self-determination was vital for them to achieve their goals and dreams. Implications for future research and practice are provided to further understand, assess, and utilize discrepant perspectives among stakeholders when implementing and evaluating interventions to promote self-determination.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal parenting behaviors and middle school students’ self-determination motivation on self-regulated learning. We also aimed to explore the mediating effects of self-determination motivation between maternal parenting behaviors and middle school students’ self-regulated learning.Methods: A total of 306 middle school students (91 males and 215 females) participated in this study. They responded to questions regarding their mothers’ parenting behaviors (i.e., warmth-rejection, autonomy support-coercion, and structure-chaos), their self-determination motivation and self-regulated learning (i.e., cognitive regulation, motivational regulation, and behavioral regulation). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The bootstrapping method was used to examine whether the mediating effect of self-determination motivation was significant.Results: First, maternal parenting behaviors did not have a direct effect on middle school students’ self-regulated learning. Second, maternal parenting behaviors had an indirect effect on self-regulated learning through middle school students’ self-determination motivation. Consequently, the more positive the mother’s parenting behaviors were, the higher the middle school student’s self-determination motivation, which led to higher self-regulated learning.Conclusion: Findigns from this study highlight that in present society where pressure for academic achievement is great, voluntary participation with interest-based learning can result in increase of the efficiency and production of learning in middle school students. These findings can be utilized in a development of self-regulated learning programs for adolescents or parent education programs to improve the learning environment for students. This study contributed to the field by examining effects of both positive and negative parenting behaviors on cognitive, motivational, and behavioral aspects of self-regulated learning.

The period of the struggle of South (Iraqi) Kurdistan for self-determination, namely such events as its transformation into the center of the Kurdish national movement in the Middle East and the proclamation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) in 1974 is considered. The creation of a legal precedent, which has acquired an international character, is commented on. The recognition by the Iraqi government of the right of the Kurds to territorial autonomy is assessed as an undoubted success of the national movement of the Kurdish minority. It is noted that the development of the draft of Interim Constitution was preceded by a long discussion between Shiite Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds on the future administrative structure of the country. It is shown that the Baathist regime was not going to solve the Kurdish problem in the country on a truly democratic basis, but only created the appearance of a solution to the issue in order to remove internal and international tensions. The author dwells on the repressive measures of the government of Saddam Hussein against the Kurds. The mass character of repressive measures during the Iranian-Iraqi war of 1980—1988 is emphasized.

Introduction. The formation of professional self-determination of high school students and the associated choice of vocational education is an urgent problem of the modern school. This paper examines the possibility of pedagogical support to solve this problem by the example of the formation of ideas about IT education and IT professions at a level sufficient for their conscious choice in Russia. The tools discussed are the school Computer Science course and, more broadly, teacher-led non-formal education in the field of computing.The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting the conscious choice of high school graduates of IT professions and types of professional IT education, and the possibilities of pedagogical support for the formation of this choice by means of informatics education, implemented by means of a modern information and educational environment.Methodology, methods and materials. A systematic approach was applied, i.e. not only school but also subsequent stages of professional development of students were analysed. The leading theoretical methods were the analysis of the knowledge system, generalisation, identification and resolution of contradictions in the process of self-determination of students in the IT profession. Empirical methods for collecting, analysing and interpreting empirical data were also employed. The analysis of academic publications, documents and statistical data was carried out.Results. It is shown that the main reasons for the low level of formation of the professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession are the following factors: insufficient attention paid in the school Computer Science course to the technological aspects that underlie most of the IT professions; lack of awareness of labour functions in IT professions; lack of awareness of the content of training in various areas of higher IT education and the focus of these areas on specific IT professions; ignorance of the real demand for the country’s economy in various IT professions.The school course in Computer Science can become a system-forming beginning in the formation of professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession, but in its current state, it does not fully fulfill this function. The reasons are the inability to provide everyone, who wants to study Computer Science in high school at an in-depth level, the neglect in this course of the technological aspects of computing that underlie most of the IT professions, and insufficient use of the information resources of the information and educational environment of modern non-formal education.One of the ways to solve this problem is to supplement the Computer Science course with a special pre-professional training module, which will purposefully acquaint students with IT professions, with information technologies that underlie these professions, as well as the types and the content of the most popular areas of professional IT education and their connections with IT professions. To implement such a module, in addition to traditional forms of education, distance and network learning can be used, including with the involvement of university teachers and employees of leading IT companies.Scientific novelty. For the first time, the problem of pedagogical support for the formation of professional self-determination of senior high school students in the IT profession has been investigated.Practical significance. The obtained results can become the basis for improving school informatics education for the full fulfillment of the task to develop the professional self-determination of students in the IT profession.

Two moments proved decisive for the development of the right of peoples to self determination in Russia, related to the Soviet approach in the de-colonisation era, as manifested in the 1966 United Nations Covenants, and Russia’s approach to this right after the 2014 annexation of Crimea: with its annexation of Crimea, Russia, just as the Soviet Union had in 1966, challenged the universality of the right to self-determination. The paper examines theory and practice of the right of peoples to self-determination in Russian context from a historical-legal perspective, to trace the roots of the contradictions found in Russia’s current approach to that right. Aimed at understanding the specifics of the Soviet approach to self-determination and considering the case of Crimea in light of analogies between the past and present approaches to the right, the discussion posits the existence of a link between the Soviet and the Russian approach to self-determination, on the basis of legal ties between post-1991 Russia and the Soviet Union established under the doctrine of state succession or continuity. The article offers support for the hypothesis that the current Russian approach to self-determination resembles the Soviet one in demonstrating legal flexibility characterised by self-interest, hypocrisy, and double standards. This calls for renewed discussion of the influence of Soviet international legal thinking on that of contemporary Russia.

Against the background of social changes in the last decade, the increasing priority of the role of a child in relation to the role of an adult, modern adolescents are faced with a choice of growing-up strategies, which is accompanied by an internal conflict of this process, a contradiction between the laws of development, including social and modern cultural imperatives. This urgent problem is in the focus of the presented research. The process of modern Russian adolescents growing-up in the context of their professional self-determination is analyzed. Professional self-determination is considered as a factor of positive growing-up acceptance due to certain value orientations. It is assumed that the choice of a future profession made by adolescents (i.e., their professional self-determination) increases their self-assessment of adulthood, and value orientations can act as its predictors as determining the meaning of growing up for them. The study involved 302 male teenagers aged 14-17 years, including: 148 cadets of the Suvorov School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and 154 students of secondary schools. The study used the questionnaire method, modified Dembo - Rubinstein Self-Assessment Methods and Schwartz Value Survey. Statistical processing was based on a comparative ( F -tests and the Mann -Whitney U test), variance ( F ), and regression ( B ) analyses. The results of the study show that the professional self-determination of adolescents increases their self-assessment of adulthood. The professional self-determination of adolescents is associated with the factor of primary professional socialization, namely, the conditions of the educational environment in which they grow up. The value orientations of adolescents are predictors of their self-assessment of adulthood, and are mediated by group, gender, and social stereotypes in the image of an adult and the role of an adult.

The subject of this research is the process of establishment and development of the right of nations to self-determination as the fundamental principle of Soviet federalism. The author carefully examines the origin and evolution of the idea of the right of nations to self-determination within the environment of the revolutionary social democracy; the concept, characteristics and principles of the right of nations to self-determination; the normative unification of the right of nations to self-determination with the federal principle of government system in the Soviet constitutions; variations of exercising this right within the framework of socialist federal state. Special attention is given to the evolution of the right of nations to self-determination and the transformation of its goals at different stages of the development of Soviet State. The novelty of this research consists in formulation of the original definition of the right of nations to self-determination in the context of phenomenology of the Soviet federalism. The key characteristics of this right are outlined: 1) suggests multivariance of implementation; 2) drags on time depending on the socioeconomic and political-legal development of the nation; 3) implies adequacy of implementation to the level of collective national sociocultural and political self-identity, etc. The principles of the right in question are determined : 1) priority of actual self-determination in relation to legal formalization if the latter is mandatory; 2) definiteness of the right of nations to self-determination via national declaration of will with regards to legitimation by the positivistic attitudes of the state; 3) evolution in chronological perspective from the national legal nature towards international legal level, etc. The author derives the criteria and classifies the right of nations to self-determination based on them. Description is given to the peculiarities of regulation and implementation of the right of nations to self-determination in accordance with the development stages of the Soviet Federation The author's special contribution lies in the establishment of dialectical link between the formational and civilizational approaches towards comprehension of the essence of the right of nations to self-determination through the prism of the European and Russian social democracy.

This article provides an account and discussion of research processes used in a contemporary study of early school leaving in Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Early School Leavers Study was conducted in conversation with 193 young people who left school prior to graduating, their educators and parents. The study was informed by a review of international literatures which point to the need for innovative social approaches and youth-attuned methodologies in the study of early school leaving. We present our research processes as informed by this literature and then present new analyses that illustrate critical social processes in early school leaving. The findings present unique data to show three pathways to early leaving and a constellation of risk and protective situations encountered by these young people along the way. Risk situations included the daily social workings of poverty, low socioeconomic status, the need to take on early adult roles, “place”, academic and social disengagement, negative relations with families and/or school personnel, and inflexible or unsupportive school structures. Protective situations were encountered in supportive families; from parents and teachers; in schools that were caring, flexible, and proactive; and in processes of self determination. The perspectives of the young people are discussed in relation to the international literature and the perspectives of 71 parents and educators who participated in the study. Impacts on practices in secondary schools suggest that early school leaving be recognized and treated as a heterogeneous, complex social process occurring at and across the nexus of families, schools, youth cultures and communities.

Background Studies involving autistic adults have often focused on negative outcomes and quality of life ratings. Aims This study provides a different viewpoint by examining the perspectives of autistic men who consider themselves to be successful. Methods Data were gathered from 10 men who shared their experiences and perceptions regarding their journey to achieve success. Self-determination theory provided a useful lens for examining the men’s narratives and understanding the factors that led to their success. Results Analysis of interviews revealed four main themes: (1) being my own self, (2) a competent professional, (3) solving problems in a neurotypical world, and (4) relating and connecting. These themes reflect the men’s perception of their own self-determination including their autonomy, competence, and relatedness with others. Conclusions The men’s sense of success was derived from their ability to achieve competence in their work, act without help or influence from others and demonstrate a high level of self-awareness and self-reflection. Despite this, many continued to experience difficulty in the social areas of their lives. Implications: These findings suggest that self-determination theory may present an alternative and more positive means of enacting support programs for autistic individuals, and males in particular.

This article adopts the premise “first in time, first in right” to bring Indigenous knowledge about the Colorado River Basin and the natural world more broadly out of the mainstream’s obscurity to reposition these perspectives at the foreground of the region’s water cultures. To initiate what is in essence a decolonization of Colorado River Basin water knowledge, I examine texts representing various tribal affiliations and genres to consider how their particular use of story engages the historic and ongoing environmental injustices they have faced and continue to negotiate in their fight to preserve their sacred lands, identity, and access to reliable, clean water. Such a decolonization occurs through these texts’ use of narrative to work within and against the scientific and instrumental discourses and their respective genres that have traditionally constructed and dictated mainstream Colorado River knowledge and activity. My treatment of narrative within the Ten Tribes Partnership Tribal Water Study (2018) and the Grand Canyon Trust’s “Voices of Grand Canyon” digital project (2020) sheds greater light on the essential relationships the Basin’s nations and tribes have with the Colorado River. Through these counternarratives to the West’s dominant water ideologies and cultures, the Basin’s tribal nations draw attention to past and ongoing struggles to secure equitable water access while amplifying their resilience and determination that defines their calls for environmental justice.

Social work is contending with an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse population and an academic field that is facing mounting pressure to diversify its curriculum to meet the needs of its...

The article analyzes the prerequisites of self-determination and sovereignty of Tuva in 1921. Briefly, the general context of events is revealed, the main episodes and key personalities are listed. Using historical-genetic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods, the positions of Mongolia and Soviet Russia and their relationship on the status of Tuva, the organization and convocation of the All-Tuva Constituent Khural, which proclaimed the independence of Tuva, as well as the consequences of the declaration of independence of Tuva, were reconstructed. The role of the authorized representative of the Sibrevkom in Uryanhai I.G. Safyanov in this process is shown. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the emergence of a sovereign Tuva state was made possible both due to the contradictory political situation in Asia and due to the role of I.G. Safyanov in history. Since 1921, Tuva began to live and develop in the political and economic conditions created by the Constituent Khural.

Cette étude évalue une approche particulière de la cartographie numérique, la cybercartographie, en tant qu’outil d’autodétermination autochtone. L’étude, réalisée auprès des Premières Nations du Canada, s’appuie sur les principes autochtones de propriété, de contrôle, d’accès et de possession pour reconnaitre les moyens précis par lesquels la cybercartographie peut aborder certains aspects de l’autodétermination. Les résultats montrent que les exigences en matière d’applications cybercartographiques sont propres à chaque communauté, et que ces applications peuvent faciliter l’autodétermination quand les communautés participent activement à la sélection de la technologie pendant le processus de recherche. L’étude de cas présentée ici révèle que la cybercartographie, et la cartographie numérique en général, peuvent véhiculer d’importants éléments culturels autochtones et servir à rehausser les épisodes éducatifs pendant lesquels se transmettent les connaissances entre les générations.

Hungary has, during the past three decades, developed what could arguably be described as one of the most advanced institutional systems of non-territorial autonomy in the world. Being so advanced does not of course mean the system is perfect or beyond criticism. But it does provide potentially useful insights into how non-territorial autonomy can or cannot work in practice. This article reflects on the institutional design of Hungary and asks whether principles can be identified that may be employed by indigenous groups in Australia and beyond in their search for a form of self-government. The theory and practice of non-territorial autonomy has so far been the focus of experts predominately from Central and Eastern Europe and the Russian Federation. This article considers whether any insight can be gained to apply the principles of non-territorial autonomy to other jurisdictions. The institutional design in place in Hungary may offer useful insight into how indigenous communities, particular some Aboriginal communities in Australia, may be bestowed with legal powers as a community to make decisions of a cultural and linguistic nature and to cooperate via the legal entity with local and state authorities. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples refers to selfdetermination and autonomy without placing those terms into a specific set of institutional arrangements. Whereas non-territorial autonomy may not be suitable for all communities, this article contends that non-territorial arrangements may offer an opportunity for self-government to indigenous (and other) communities that share a strong sense of identity; that do not have a geographical base where they constitute the majority; and where a communal desire for a form of self-government in public law exists.

In this study, we explore how ethnic minority Muslim girls in Norway manage social control as an everyday experience within a political context where minority communities are portrayed as performing excessive control. Theoretically, our analysis draws on perspectives on social control, interactionist perspectives on identity, and Hage’s (2010. “The Affective Politics of Racial Mis-interpellation.” Theory, Culture & Society 27 (7-8): 112–129. doi:10.1177/0263276410383713) concept of vacillation. Based on interviews with 17 girls self-identifying as Muslim, we identify two strategic positions from which the girls manage and respond to social control. From what we label a pragmatic position, they oppose categorisation as victims as well as certain gendered norms in minority as well as majority contexts. From what we label a pious position, the girls employ religious norms as a rationale when they define themselves as moral subjects rising above social control. We also find that negotiating contradictory norms and expectations may be perceived as double-bind situations (Bateson, G. 2000 [1972]. Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press), leaving the girls in an affective state that we label ‘pissed off’. Our analysis contributes to the literature by connecting the concept of vacillation to youth’s identity work in a minority position, and more specifically to the strategic positionings Muslim girls speak from as they manage social control.

When a Jehovah’s Witness patient is traumatically injured, the lack of uniform professional consensus guidelines and the cultural knowledge deficit of many clinicians adds an additional layer of legal and ethical complexity to the inherent difficulty of managing a critically ill patient. We present here the case of an incapacitated Jehovah's Witness patient with severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock. We go on to discuss the historical and contemporary case law on proxy refusal of blood transfusion for the incapacitated adult, as well as the ethics of self-determination and the application of the principle of proportionate reason in the management of the critically injured Jehovah's Witness patient.

This article examines Indigenous-language immersion (ILI) schooling, an innovative approach in which most or all instruction occurs in the Indigenous language, with a strong culture-based curriculu...

Introduction. The complex problems of upbringing and education of young people, their choice of landmarks in their life path, occupations and self-realization, which are relevant for the progress of the modern world, are studied by scholars from many countries. However, the existing specialization of sciences and the prevailing system of preferences of different scientific schools serve as an obstacle to inter- and transdisciplinary research. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the analysis of the vast problematic field of self-determination and self-realization of modern Russian youth. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, an analysis of statistical data and the results of sociological surveys, a cluster grouping of threats-problems in the sphere of self-determination and self-realization of youth was used for subsequent topological modeling. It was done by constructing and analyzing an oriented (causeand- effect) graph of threats as undesirable effects in order to identify key problems. When constructing a directed graph from threat-problems, the method of functional analysis of cause-and-effect chains tested in the study of a variety of non-standard problem situations in the theory of inventive problem solving was used. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the cause-and-effect multigraph, built on the basis of 33 threatsproblems as troubles, four reasons of the first level were identified: “brain drain”, violation of the principle of social justice in the country, lack of ideological unity of society due to the ban on state ideology, low religiosity of society. This is followed by three reasons of the second level: the lack of a coherent state youth policy, the ineffectiveness of the existing model of such a policy, a unified state exam as one of the key reasons for the random choice of vocational training for young people. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained add up to the development of comprehensive research on the problems of youth self-determination and self-realization that are extremely important for the countryʼs optimistic future.

In May 2020, an independent working party was convened to determine the mental health and well‐being needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, in response to COVID‐19. Thirty Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders and allies worked together in a two‐month virtual collaboration process. Here, we provide the working party's five key recommendations and highlight the evidence supporting these proposals. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander self‐determination and governance must be prioritised to manage the COVID‐19 recovery in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. To mitigate long‐term social and economic impacts of COVID‐19 to Australian society, the historical underinvestment in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must be reconciled. Equitable, needs‐based funding is required to support strengths‐based, place‐based initiatives that address the determinants of health. This includes workforce and infrastructure development and effective evaluation. There is a clear, informed pathway to health and healing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples being enacted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership and community organisations; it remains to be seen how these recommendations will be implemented.

Challenges related to managing work and family demands have become more and more pressing, particularly for those with high work demands, such as those in managerial and leadership roles. While existing research has focused on how family demands may negatively affect employee functioning at work, less attention has focused on characterizing the process through which individuals can benefit from their family lives. Drawing from self-determination theory, we develop a family-to-work enrichment framework to illustrate how leaders' positive experiences and motivational gains from home may transfer to work. We conducted two experience sampling studies to examine our family-work enrichment framework. Our results show that daily positive family events are positively predictive of consideration and transformational leadership behaviors at work through family need satisfaction and prosocial motivation. Our results further demonstrate that positive family events are more beneficial for leaders who view their family role as important and central (Study 2). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

In this article, Stephanie Alvarez, José L. Martínez, Annabel Salamanca, Erika Salamanca, and Roberto C. Reyna share the impacts of Cosecha Voices, a pedagogical approach used with college students from migrant farmworker backgrounds at one of the largest Hispanic-Serving Institutions in the United States. They argue that Cosecha Voices affirms, validates, and humanizes the migrant farmworker experience and can help students not only unpack and document their migrant farmworker experiences but also strengthen their sense of self-empowerment. Utilizing testimonio, students are able to affirm and find strength in their migrant farmworker lifestyle that helps support them through their college journey. This Voices: Reflective Accounts of Education essay centers the voices of former program participants in its analysis of program impact and offers a program description, personal reflections from participants, and future considerations for similar research.

The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of rule compliance regarding private gatherings during the 2020 Christmas holidays in the province of Quebec (Canada), where gatherings were ruled as illegal, with few exceptions. We used the self-determination theory framework to predict rule compliance as a function of autonomous, controlled-approach and controlled-avoidance motivations. Moreover, we measured psychological distress among participants as well as anxiety of COVID-19 exposure. Motivation and psychological distress measures were taken a couple of days prior to the holiday period, whereas rule compliance was measured approximately 10 days later, in early January. A total of 1332 individuals filled the first online survey and 627 completed the follow-up measure. The factorial structure of the motivational instrument was supported. Rule compliance was predicted positively by autonomous motivation, but negatively by controlled-avoidance motivation. Controlled approach was not a significant predictor of rule compliance. These results show that approach and avoidance orientations in controlled motivation have distinct predictive power, which has implications for policy-enforcing by governments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Promoting self-determination for students with disabilities has proven to be a critical component of effective transition planning. However, researchers seldom consider race when promoting self-determination for people with disabilities. The purpose of the current phenomenological research investigation was to explore how Black youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families explain transition planning experiences that promote and hinder self-determination. We found that participants in the current study experienced some hurdles during their transition experiences that they perceive are rooted in systemic and structural racism and ableism that prompted advocacy, family engagement, inclusion, building knowledge of rights, and other emergent strategies to promote self-determination. Findings from the current preliminary investigation have implications for transition and self-determination research, as well as improving the quality of services and support for Black youth with IDD and their families.

Several barriers exist that inhibit the success of students with disabilities in postsecondary education environments, one of which is the lack of self-advocacy skills to effectively request academic modifications and ask for other supports when needed. In this study, we used a single-subject multiple-probe across participants design to examine the effects of a self-advocacy intervention on the abilities of college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to request their academic accommodations. We primarily focused the intervention on Black youth with IDD attending an inclusive higher education program. Results indicate moderate to strong evidence of a functional relation between the intervention and the students' abilities to request academic accommodations. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.