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Purpose This study aims to investigate how sustainability has been incorporated – or mainstreamed - in a school at one university through techniques of responsibilization and accountabilization. Design/methodology/approach Inspired by the extended case study methodology, the authors participated, observed and analyzed two audit-inspired processes, whose aims included ensuring that sustainability was integrated into the educational process. Findings By following two audit-inspired processes, the authors show how teachers were asked to respond to open-ended survey questions and by doing so emerged as responsibilized subjects. Although the teachers were given lots of space to interpret the concept of sustainability and show how it was translated into the programs and courses offered, the teachers were made accountable as established organizational hierarchies were reproduced when responsibilization was formalized through techniques of accountabilization. Research limitations/implications The analysis moves beyond the instrumental epistemologies characterizing much of the positivist-oriented research in higher education. As with all studies, the authors study also has methodological limitations, such as involving a single higher education institution. There is a general need for more empirical research in this area in order to build theory and to understand whether the concepts of responsibilization and accountabilization can also be applied in other higher education contexts. Practical implications The study shows that higher education administrators engage in processes of responsibilization and accountabilization through formalized processes of interpellation, as documents and self-assessment exercises tie teachers to organizational contexts. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that introduces the concepts of responsibilization and accountabilization as social relationships in higher education governance.

The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of eco-innovation as a tool to improve the quality of products, in order to comprehend the benefits deriving from its application. In particular, this research is aimed at exploring the way eco-innovation can be implemented in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In other words, the aim of this paper is to study environmental innovation as a paradigm for modern companies that are aware of the necessity to better amalgamate social responsibility with economic performance. The case study methodology has been applied. Specifically, an Italian enterprise, Ecobabydesign, has been studied, because its activity is totally inspired by green principles, from materials to recyclability. Information has been provided directly by the founder. The analysis highlights that the case of Ecobabydesign embodies the total application of ecological innovation. It is an example of innovation which is generated firstly in its mission and then in its high-quality products, whose characteristics derive from its green choice.

El artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de la investigación llevada a cabo a través del proyecto La Ópera un Vehículo de Aprendizaje (LÓVA) en un grupo de cuarto de Primaria en la Ciudad de México durante el ciclo escolar 2017-2018. El trabajo se encuadra epistemológicamente dentro del paradigma interpretativo y a nivel metodológico en el estudio de caso. El objetivo fue analizar y comprender los procesos de conformación de la ciudadanía con la mediación de la educación musical; en este sentido, el proceso de creación, desarrollo y estreno de una ópera original por parte del alumnado contribuyó al conocimiento de sus derechos y responsabilidades, compromiso y participación social, y reconocimiento de la diversidad.

A partir de 2018, la Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera ha decretado en México el bloqueo de cuentas bancarias bajo la sospecha de la existencia de un delito en detrimento a derechos humanos. Ante este problema, la investigación tiene como objetivo explicar la jurisprudencia 2a./J. 87/2019 dentro del contexto de cooperación tributaria internacional y a la luz de los derechos humanos en México. Se empleó la metodología de estudio de caso a través de los métodos sistemático y deductivo con la técnica de investigación documental. Los resultados explican que la cooperación tributaria no se limita al intercambio de información entre las administraciones hacendarias; sino también a la ejecución de resoluciones como el bloqueo de cuentas en el caso de existencia de un ilícito que involucre al sistema financiero.

PurposeThe airline industry has been severely impacted by COVID-19 due to widespread travel restrictions. Its current response is crucial to ensure continued operations after the global pandemic is resolved. One resource the airlines are leveraging is loyalty programs. This study aims to examine the viability of leveraging loyalty programs in times of crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a case study methodology to examine how one company, American Airlines, has used its loyalty program to survive a pandemic and alleviate the financial costs associated with limited and restricted travel.FindingsAmerican Airlines' AAdvantage loyalty program structure may be used as a benchmark to understand how airlines can anchor their loyalty base to reinvigorate travel interest and use these programs as safeguards in critical instances that may arise in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe case was bound by the fact that the pandemic was still a threat during the time of analysis. The findings of this case study go beyond the airline industry and may inform other hospitality and tourism organizations on the benefits of loyalty programs in times of financial distress.Originality/valueThis is the first known case study examining the strengths and opportunities of the structure of the American Airlines' AAdvantage program as a means for surviving in a time of crisis. Moreover, understanding how to mitigate the long-term effects of crises may help to inform future short-term strategies of airlines and other hospitality and tourism organizations for navigating unexpected shocks to their ecosystem.

The main goal of this study is to know the impact of business intelligencesystem application on the effectiveness of making a decision in the generalorganization for social insurance in Jeddah. This study shows the realimplementation of system of business intelligence and its effect on decisionmaking of the institution and recognize the positive and negative aspects of thisapplication. The study focused on case study methodology where thequestionnaire is a tool for collecting information that has been distributed to thestudy sample by (81) questionnaire, however, (52%) only are received from thetotal distributed. The main results of the study are: The percentage of employeeswho did not receive training and qualification in the field of business intelligenceat the institution reached (92.8%) of the total number of employees responding tothe study. All departments of the institution adopt the business intelligencesystem except the women section and the warehouse department due to theweak infrastructure required by the availability of the system. Moreover, the lackof sufficient technical knowledge and skills among the employees. (35.9%) of theemployees responding to this study indicated that the business intelligencesystem used in the institution is not advanced enough. One of the mostsignificant advantages of implementing business intelligence system is savingtime and effort. One of the main obstacles facing the application of businessintelligence system in the organization is the lack of awareness of the importanceof the business intelligence system to the activities and procedures of the institution, Furthermore, users have not receiving enough training on the systemof business intelligence, and the system of business intelligence is limit to somedepartments. The researcher recommendations are:First of all, providing infrastructure that helps to provide businessintelligence in all departments in the institution. Second, users should havetraining to increase their awareness towards its importance. Third, providing anadvanced system that meets user's needs. Fourth, user's opinions are importantto improve and develop the system. Fifth, encourage users to use the system toworks with high sufficient. Finally, the business intelligence system should beimplemented in the institutions where it has an effective role in decision-making.

PurposeThis paper offers an exploration of contextual factors that influence carer-to-resident talk in Australian residential aged care.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative exploratory multiple case study methodology and a theoretical framework of service language were applied to explore the perspectives of 21 registered nurses, assistants in nursing, leisure and lifestyle officers, general managers and care managers at three residential aged care homes in Australia.FindingsThe findings demonstrate contextual factors related to the care home environment, the carer and the relationship between carers and residents that impede or enable carer-to-resident talk in residential aged care. Multiple factors related to the care home environment were found to impede carer-to-resident talk, including time pressures, staffing levels, team culture and the prioritisation of tasks. Factors related to carers had potential to either impede or enable talk, including carers' awareness of the importance of communication, level of experience and individual characteristics, values and attitudes. A strong relationship between a carer and resident built on knowledge of individuals was a key enabling factor.Originality/valueThe paper advances an understanding of factors that influence talk and interaction in residential aged care in Australia from carers' and care home leaders' perspectives. The findings can be used to support verbal communication management strategies aligned with a person-centred care approach, including training and development of staff, cultural change interventions and a review of care delivery procedures.

Il presente studio ha l'obiettivo di indagare la percezione dei consumatori riguardo le attività di corporate social responsibility (CSR) di una azienda impegnata nel sociale che, tuttavia, non gode di un giudizio favorevole presso i propri consumatori, allo scopo di verificare se ad un giudizio negativo dell'impresa corrisponde una percezione negativa anche delle pratiche di CSR. A tale scopo, si persegue un duplice obiettivo: 1) individuare l'esistenza del fit tra il core business dell'azienda in questione e le attività di CSR intraprese dall'impresa, per comprovare l'eticità dell'impresa in questione; 2) identificare l'eventuale fit tra la comunicazione delle attività di CSR dell'azienda e la percezione delle attività etiche dell'impresa da parte dei consumatori.La ricerca è basata sulla metodologia del case study, che esamina il caso aziendale Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), tramite l'analisi di dati secondari e dati primari. I risultati confermano l'esistenza del fit tra il core business e le attività di CSR di FS ma, allo stesso tempo, mostrano una discrepanza tra la comunicazione delle attività di CSR dell'azienda e la percezione delle stesse da parte dei consumatori.

Using the theoretical framework of pedagogy of compassion and single embedded case study methodology, this article explores how a teacher negotiates the contours of migration and social transformat...

Com o objetivo de reciclar resíduos de obras, as Usinas de Reciclagem de Entulho (URE) reduzem o impacto ambiental da indústria da construção civil. Assim, este artigo discute o papel das URE na promoção de variáveis ambientais na gestão de resíduos de construção. Para isso, utilizou-se metodologia de estudo de caso em sete URE localizadas na região de São Paulo, além de entrevistas com gestores das usinas. O presidente da Associação Brasileira de Reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção Civil e Demolição e engenheiros experientes em obras civis também foram entrevistados. Conclui-se que as URE têm potencial para promover a inserção de variáveis ambientais no setor de construção civil, porém, existem muitas barreiras. Estas incluem a falta de programas de qualidade para agregados reciclados, o uso de métodos de produção ineficientes, baixa qualificação de mão-de-obra, falta de esclarecimentos ao mercado e ausência de leis que incentivem o uso de resíduos.

A healthy and sustainable indoor space was one of the goals of a building, which was an important concern of architects in designing and using it. Design arrangements can be approached physically, such as the use of air vents, lighting, and layout arrangements. However, now the paradigm of using a natural approach has been intensive. In this regard, this paper focuses on the greening of indoor spaces, both for the prevention and restoration of indoor room quality. The study methodology was a survey of existing research results in many countries, and a selection of up-to-date, current data. The results of the literature research obtained are related to the purpose of indoor greening, which is none other than to achieve the goal of green building. Its main target was biodiversity in the prevention of negative health effects and indoor phytoremediation.

El artículo es producto de la investigación “Beneficios Tributarios por la Adopción de Políticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en las Grandes y Medianas Empresas del Departamento del Quindío” y su objetivo fue diagnosticar a través de encuesta realizada a un grupo de medianos y grandes empresarios del Departamento del Quindío, el conocimiento y aplicación de los incentivos fiscales ofrecidos por el Estado colombiano por la adopción de políticas de R.S.E. La investigación es de tipo analítico-descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que las empresas participantes tienen conocimiento sobre el concepto de RSE, aunque algunos no cuentan con dichas políticas por desconocimiento de sus beneficios o por considerarlas como gasto. Sin embargo, están dispuestos a realizar alianzas con otras organizaciones para desarrollar acciones frente a los lineamientos de la Responsabilidad Social.

Purpose: Grant allocation formulas used to allocate fiscal resources among different tiers of government have proved to be useful in many countries around the world. This article provides a unit cost approach equalization formula that was used in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) to transfer resources from the regions to the woredas (districts) in 2007. Study methodology: The study approach involved gathering and reviewing of pioneering literature; identifying six representative sectors; field visits to collect and collate data; and data analysis. Findings: The developed model was highly equalizing. The FDRE adopted the study recommendations and the regional governments used the formula, or a modified version thereof, to transfers resources to woredas. Research limitations: It was not easy to access the required data. Furthermore, the representative sectors may not holistically reflect the actual budgetary needs of the Local Governments (LGs) due to their heterogeneous tax bases and expenditure needs. This can be addressed with future research to further refine the model presented and granularity of data used. Practical implications: The study developed and specified a mathematical unit cost equalization model, which was applied to Tigray region in FDRE. The model’s ability to equalize was tested and evaluated econometrically. Social implications: The paper identified six representative sectors that have high synergies in terms of poverty eradication via improved social service delivery. These sectors attracted large budgetary allocations.

Under President Trump, the Department of Education narrowed the definition of and protections for gender inequality in U.S. higher education (U.S. Department of Education, Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender, 2017). These changes drew criticism and concern for legal remedies for gender inequality. This study positions Trump’s actions as an extension of rather than a deviation from past state actions towards gender in higher education. Drawing upon Brown’s (Fem Stud 18(1):7–34, 1992; States of injury: power and freedom in late modernity, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1995) theory of the masculinist state, we examined how liberal feminists sought state protection through Title-IX and, in doing so, formalized state control over gender equity in schools. Using instrumental case study methodology (Creswell, Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, 2013; Stake, The art of case study research, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, 1995) we analyzed campus housing policies and found three themes—segregation, visitation, and demarcation—that entrench masculinist state power across public, private, and religious institutions. We conclude by discussing the on-going contradictions for feminists seeking the state’s protection.

Se presentó el estudio Oferta exportable de algarrobina y sus derivados al mercado de Estados Unidos. La nación norteamericana es uno de los principales compradores de algarrobo y bienes derivados del mismo. Por ello, el objetivo general de la investigación fue impulsar el envío de algarrobina a las empresas estadounidenses. La metodología del estudio se efectuó con el sintagma holístico cuya indagación estuvo encaminada a proponer alternativas transformadoras, la investigación fue de tipo proyectivo, de nivel compresivo aplicando el método deductivo en la investigación, la población estuvo compuesta por los habitantes de la provincia de Piura cuya muestra estaba conformada por 30 comercializadores y/o productores de algarrobina a quienes se les hizo una encuesta. Así mismo, las unidades informadoras fueron personal de una compañía comerciante de algarrobina a quienes se les hizo una entrevista, los instrumentos se examinaron a través de la triangulación de datos, la preparación de gráficos y tablas en el software estadístico SPSS. Se concluyó que la algarrobina tiene figura en los mercados americanos, los niveles de fabricación de la materia prima son insuficientes así mismo se hizo un plan de exportación para promover su comercialización en el exterior contemplando los procedimientos de exportación, su grado de solicitud, acogida, partidas de calidad y costo de comercialización competitiva.

As coronavirus pandemic has spread all over the world, schools and universities needed to reinvent themselves so that their students could be remotely assisted. In this context, this paper aims to present the experiences of English without Borders Program at the Federal University of XXX with Remote Teaching, highlighting the actions related to the planning sessions, as well as the difficulties teachers and coordinators faced and the adjustments that were necessary. The analysis was carried out using the case study methodology, with teachers’ feedback collected from pedagogical meetings and questionnaires sent by e-mail. The remote teaching modality was contrasted with e-learning, and among the conclusions presented, it was evidenced that the initial difficulties with the promotion of interactions among students were reduced when the feeling of community identity built during the classes was perceived. The teacher training process developed to assist scholarship holders in this new educational scenario was also endorsed as a differential of the program, with the indication that sharing experiences with remote education is necessary so that educators can be prepared for a future surrounded for uncertainties.

Through a case study, the article analyzes how the practice of sexual assault is a way to pressure indigenous people to leave their territories. It is discussed how some aspects of the O’dami worldview are related to embodied cognition. The study methodology is qualitative and ethnographic, consisting mainly of in-depth interviews. The analysis departs from an interdisciplinary approach between anthropology and cognitive sciences. The results show that O’dami culture establishes a link between body, soul, and nature. It is concluded that to analyze violence against indigenous women and girls, it is necessary to do so in an integral manner, including cultural dimensions. The main limitation was the insecurity that prevails in the studied region, which prevented visits to the community. Therefore, interviews were conducted in the city of Chihuahua.

El objetivo del presente artículo fue examinar el potencial pedagógico del Estudio de Caso, a través del uso del e-portfolio y la e-rúbrica, para el fomento del trabajo interdisciplinar en la formación inicial del profesorado. Para ello, se trabajó como temática compartida de tres asignaturas del grado de Educación Primaria, mediante el Estudio de Caso, “la acción tutorial del docente”, desde una triple perspectiva: el rol y funciones del docente, las expectativas del profesorado y la tutoría entre iguales, enmarcada como proyecto de innovación. Utilizando la e-rúbrica como método de evaluación, los resultados encontrados fueron que, de manera general, a través del Estudio de Caso, el alumnado es capaz de integrar de manera comprehensiva y global los contenidos de las diferentes materias trabajadas. Asimismo, se evidenció la relación entre una mayor integración de contenidos con más alusiones a aspectos emocionales, así como con un mejor uso de herramientas digitales. Estos resultados avalan la eficacia del Estudio de Caso, evaluado mediante herramientas digitales, en el trabajo interdisciplinar y en la adquisición de competencias.

En este artículo se analiza el significado de los títulos de las obras de teatro más representativas de la dramaturga española, directora y actriz Angélica Liddell. Basándonos en una metodología de estudio de caso se analizan algunos de los títulos comprendidos desde el año 1991 hasta el 2018 desde una perspectiva hermenéutica. Cada uno de los títulos es tomado como pequeñas unidades de información, siendo analizados y clasificados en cinco apartados principales (relaciones interpersonales,contexto sociopolítico, rebeldía, muerte y familia). Estas temáticas configuran el universo de la escritora y adquieren unlenguaje propio y dimensionado al margen del texto dramático que encabezan. This article analyses the meaning of the titles of the most representative plays of the spanish playwright, director and actress Angélica Liddell. With a case study methodology, some of the titles from 1991 to 2018 are analyzed from a hermeneutic perspective. Each of the titles is taken as small units of information, and have been analyzed and classified in five main sections(interpersonal relations, socio-political context, rebellion, death and the family). These themes configure the writer's universe and acquire its own language and a new dimension apart from the dramatic text they lead.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación acerca de las representaciones sociales que tienen estudiantes de la educación media (16 a 18 años) en Colombia acerca de la ciudadanía, la democracia, la participación y la política. El abordaje teórico del trabajo reconoció, como punto de partida, 4 modelos teóricos: el liberal, el republicano, el comunitarista y el radical. El trabajo se enmarcó en la perspectiva del núcleo central y el sistema periférico. La metodología del estudio fue mixta. La información fue obtenida a través de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los hallazgos muestran que los estudiantes tienen unas representaciones que se ubican entre los modelos liberal y republicano. La identificación del núcleo central de las representaciones permite el diseño de propuestas didácticas que superen los discursos hegemónicos de las categorías estudiadas y contribuyan a la construcción de un futuro con mayor justicia social.

This research aims to find out the readiness of Muhammadiyah elementary schools in implementing inclusive education in the schools. School readiness clearly marks the path for Muhammadiyah elementary schools in organizing inclusive education. Through a case study methodology with a purposive sampling technique, this research investigates the readiness of four Muhammadiyah elementary schools. The data were collected by an in-depth interview and observation and would be analyzed by thematic analysis method. This research provides worthy indicators of school readiness in executing inclusive education. This study indicates that two out of the four Muhammadiyah elementary schools observed, have not reached the required level of readiness to implement inclusive schools based on the indicators of the school readiness, whereas the other two schools are more prepared to fully run the inclusive education program. This study enhances elementary schools to implement inclusive education by meeting five required indicators: 1) Perception of school stakeholders; 2) Curriculum and teaching and learning activities; 3) Educational staffs; 4) Facilities, infrastructure, and funding; 5) Relationship between community and school. The implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools under the Muhammadiyah institution as one of the biggest Islamic organizations in Indonesia would build a positive perception for all teachers, students’ parents, and school communities.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of commuter student athletes who were hypothesized to experience a multiplicity of institutional logics while competing at the NCAA Division II level. Second, if multiple competing logics were present, the authors intended to test a theoretical model of logic multiplicity development. Utilizing a case study methodology, the authors collected data from commuter student athletes competing at the Division II level. The study’s findings indicated that commuter student athletes perceived the presence of multiple competing logics and that these logics indicated an aligned or minimally estranged organization. In particular, the high compatibility and high centrality of multiple competing logics signified an organization aligned between academic, athletic, and family values, whereas the low centrality and low compatibility of social identification and societal factors denoted an estranged organization for commuter student athletes. The implications of this research within sport management are presented herein.

In the academic context, lecturers often describe students’ academic writing as very poor whereas the students themselves affirm not to understand the lecturers’ expectations with regard to ‘good writing skills’. This is a report on a study conducted in Rwanda to explore students and lecturers’ expectations of good academic writing. The investigation is underpinned by recent developments in academic writing theories. Based on a qualitative approach and a case study methodology, data were collected by analysing key teaching materials, visiting classes and interviewing academics and students. The findings revealed that lecturers’ conception of teaching and learning academic writing is underpinned by an autonomous view - based on discrete skills. It is recommended that the lecturers’ understanding of the academic literacies approach should be properly developed to meet the expected literacy competence goals. Key words: ESL, Writing skills, Academic writing, Literacies, Conceptualisation

Future primary school teachers can feel their subjectivity and dive into the culture of learning activity as a basis for developing the main features of learning and professional subjectivity starting from the first classes in higher pedagogical educational institutions. The paper aims to scientifically and theoretically justify and experimentally verify some pedagogical conditions and methodologies for developing professional subjectivity in future primary school teachers, taking into account a neuropedagogical approach. Also, it substantiates the main pedagogical condition, that is, professional training should imply mastering the psychological structure of pedagogical activity in primary school and cultivating creative personality as the subject of this activity. It requires full compliance with certain pedagogical conditions. The latter should comply with neurophysiological characteristics of the participants in the educational process. The paper proves the effectiveness of these pedagogical conditions based on the questionnaire aimed at determining the effectiveness criteria for professional self-determination in higher education institutions, the diagnostic-related professional readiness methodology, the motivation towards higher education study methodology, the diagnostic of the structure of work motives methodology. The paper experimentally proves that their educational subjectivity is a manifestation of one’s capacity for subjective self-transformation in the learning activity, and pedagogical subjectivity represents the final stage of professional training and completion of pedagogical education, which acts as both synthesis and transformation of many invariant and variant subjective personality traits of students in the professionally important quality of the teacher, among which professional subjectivity is an integral one. EG respondents have shown better results in terms of levels of subjective qualities than CG respondents.

Em uma sociedade tecnicista os dados podem exercer um efeito poderoso da vida pessoas, e muitas vezes isso ocorre de forma discreta. A Health 4.0 tenta fazer uso desses dados para efetuar avanços na saúde e bem-estar das pessoas, como o uso de informações médicas coletadas diariamente para melhorar os processos hospitalares. A pesquisa utilizou a metodologia de estudo de caso único para a construção de uma solução computacional. O resultado é um totem que apresenta a especialidade mais adequada para um paciente ao chegar em um hospital, baseado na indicação de sua enfermidade, seu histórico médico e nas especialidades disponíveis para auxiliar no processo de triagem do hospital. A contribuição para a prática é a apresentação de um modelo que poderá servir para os gestores que necessitam de soluções similares ao contexto estabelecido. A contribuição teórica é a de demonstrar outras aplicações para os conceitos da Health 4.0

This theoretical-methodological article comes from a larger study aimed at analyzing, through Focault’s governmentality approach, how government of citizen participation in the Cotacachi canton was produced after the 2008 Constitution came into force. This article arises from the need to generate a methodological proposal that makes possible the study and visibility of the diversity of power dynamics that occur between the different social and state actors in the construction of the cantonal participatory system. The methodological proposal was elaborated first by establishing a theoretical scaffolding of Foucault’s governmentality that supports the methodology under construction, followed by the definition of the study dimensions that the methodology must consider and ending with the determination of the components to be analyzed within of each dimension. Through the bibliographic review and analysis supported by the observations made in a qualitative profile field study, the proposed study methodology was developed.

There is limited literature on how race influences leadership identity development. Using a case study methodology, this research explores the influence of race on the leadership identity development of Latino men at a Predominately White Institution. This study revealed that the leadership identity development model was applicable to participants, with Yosso’s (2005) cultural wealth and cultural heritage identified as missing components in the developmental influences and developing self categories, respectively.

The Lisbon Treaty took concrete steps to strengthen the foreign policy area of the European Union (EU). For instance, the European Commission constituted Foreign Policy Instruments to affect third countries with different financial and operational actions. In the EU, decisions on foreign policy require unanimity of member states. Unanimity indicates the determination of the member states to meet on a common ground on foreign policy, and reflects the level of political integration of the EU. Accordingly, examining the effects of the EU Foreign Policy Instruments upon third countries can inform us about the level of political integration of the EU. This article, by using the case study methodology, intends to exemplify the EU Foreign Policy Instruments and to find out their effects upon third countries and some non-state actors. The research covers the developments of the last decade and concludes that the EU Foreign Policy Instruments are still not effective enough to change the policies and behaviours of the third countries. This conclusion indicates that the EU member states do not have a common accord on foreign policy, and political integration in the EU seems unlikely in the near future.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms for managing coordinated benchmarking projects and the outcomes achieved from such coordination. While there have been many independent benchmarking studies comparing the practices and performance of public sector organisations, there has been little research on initiatives that involve coordinating multiple benchmarking projects within public sector organisations or report on the practices implemented and results from benchmarking projects. This research will be of interest to centralised authorities wishing to encourage and assist multiple organisations in undertaking benchmarking projects. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a case study methodology. Data were collected on the coordinating mechanisms and the experiences of the individual organisations over a one-year period. Findings The findings show successful results (financial and non-financial) across all 13 benchmarking projects, thus indicating the success of a coordinated approach to managing multiple projects. The study concluded by recommending a six-stage process for coordinating multiple benchmarking projects. Originality/value This research gives new insights into the application and benefits from benchmarking because of the open access the research team had to the “Dubai We Learn” initiative. To the authors’ knowledge the research was unique in being able to report accurately on the outcome of 13 benchmarking projects with all projects using the TRADE benchmarking methodology.

This study utilizes ethnographic methods, in-depth interviews, and observations to investigate the neighborhood and high school experiences of Terry, an academically and athletically high-achiever. Originating from a multiple case study methodology that examined the experiences, perceptions, and aspirations of Black male students who played high school sports, this research draws from examinations that investigated the experiences of Black males in their neighborhood, school, and athletic settings. The findings highlight how Terry escaped from “bondage” by displaying characteristics of resourcefulness. Although he experienced violence in his neighborhood, the combination of support from family members, exposure to an advanced academic curriculum, and sports participation at an early age protected Terry from becoming a victim or a participant in violent crimes. Furthermore, Terry received an athletic scholarship to attend college but aspired to use his athletic skills as a platform to earn a business degree and a PhD. This study has implications for expanding the understanding of the perceptions and aspirations of Black male students who play sports in urban neighborhoods and at urban schools. Furthermore, it provides policymakers and administrators insights that can further develop programming and activities that support the social and academic advancement of Black male students who play sports.

La revolución digital ha moldeado nuevas prácticas de comunicación y de producción del conocimiento. Desde ahí han surgido conceptualizaciones emergentes sobre literacidad que intentan dar respuesta a la pregunta sobre qué significa estar alfabetizado en un mundo digital. El presente estudio explora dichas problemáticas considerando el enfoque de nuevas literacidades, de modelos culturales docentes y sus prácticas en el día a día. La investigación se sitúa en el contexto educacional chileno y utiliza una metodología de estudio de caso múltiple, la cual se desarrolló en tres establecimientos educacionales durante tres semestres, incluyendo a los profesores de lenguaje y sus estudiantes. El análisis sugiere la existencia de una disonancia entre los modelos culturales de los profesores sobre literacidad y tecnología y sus prácticas docentes. Por lo tanto, las prácticas de enseñanza de lenguaje estarían ancladas en el texto escrito, sin coexistir con nuevas prácticas propias de la cultura digital del siglo XXI.

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um outro olhar sobre a militarização dos colégios públicos, ambiência no ensino médio. Esta pesquisa é de abrangência qualitativa com pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Para o seu desenvolvimento, escolheu-se a metodologia de estudo de caso, tipo único, sendo o caso o Colégio Militar Tiradentes, da Polícia Militar de Alagoas, localizado na cidade de Maceió. Foi aplicado um questionário aos gestores responsáveis, tanto pela administração como pela parte pedagógica. Os principais conceitos desvelados foram: militarização, hierarquia e disciplina, autoridade, gestão democrática, escolas, mérito e violência escolar. Foram também levantadas as dez principais críticas, tanto positivas quanto negativas. Incorreto afirmar que os alunos dos colégios militares são dóceis, castrados, não críticos e que são homogeneizados por intermédio de pouquíssimas disciplinas militares, que apenas ensinam algo que nos dias atuais estão um pouco distantes, como a ética, o civismo e o respeito. Os militares do nosso estudo não usam armas dentro dos muros do colégio, convivem em harmonia com os seus pares do setor pedagógico e docência, cuidam de manter uma estreita relação com os responsáveis por seus alunos, tanto em reuniões de pais e mestres, quanto na convivência de portas abertas à comunidade. Um fator de força nessa relação é o Grêmio Estudantil, que congrega atividades em que alunos, mestres, gestores militares e responsáveis participam de atividades lúdicas e acadêmicas. Por isso, este autor acredita que o colégio em tela contribui para a formação do cidadão brasileiro.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the reverse effect of the country of origin’s reputation on the notion of place brand. Design/methodology/approach Using a case study methodology, cases of Lagos (Nigeria) and Dubai (UAE) are examined to generate a model of place brand/branding. Findings Three pathways of the flow of causality between nation brand and city brand were emphasised, and problematic themes of interest to focus are recommended as a way forward for aspiring cities to create and improve their global reputation to generate increased footfalls of visitors and investors. Practical implications It is possible for cities to create effective brands irrespective of the reputation (strong or weak) of their countries of origin. The implication of the reverse relationship between nation and city brand has the potential to expand the theoretical framework of a place brand. Originality/value The study’s uniqueness is in highlighting the different relations between nation branding and city branding that could guide practitioners in actualising a successful city brand project.

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is a potentially fatal respiratory viral infection that has had outbreaks in the Middle East and Asia region starting in 2012. As recent as 2015, MERS had outbreaks in South Korea, resulting in 36 deaths among 186 infected patients. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an in-depth understanding of how this viral infection behaves in outbreaks and how it is spread around the globe. To gain insight, real time analysis was performed under a case study methodology based on pooled data from the Ministry of Health & Welfare of South Korea. We calculated a striated mortality rate based on gender, age, and the presence of pre-existing health conditions ranging from heart, lung, and kidney diseases. We found that MERS outbreak follows the pattern of a point source outbreak, largely spurred by the patient-referral system under the universal healthcare system in South Korea. The purpose of this case is to discuss the benefits and challenges of such patient referral system, and to offer a possible solution in improving transparency between healthcare providers and the government under a universal healthcare system to prevent future outbreaks.

This article analyzes aspects related to rural succession, which occur in family farming establishments. The information was collected, using the case study methodology, through 219 interviews, composed of closedquestionnaires. They were carried out in the municipalities of Francisco Beltrao, Itapejara D’Oeste and Vere, in the state of Parana (PR); Concordia, in Santa Catarina (SC); Augusto Correa, Tome-Acu and Viseu, in Para (PA); Petrolina, in Pernambuco (PE); and in the municipalities of Uaua and Cruz das Almas, in Bahia (BA), a total of ten municipalities, in the five Brazilian states. This investigation aims to seek evidence on the social, economic and cultural relations that govern and influence the generational succession in rural establishments. The study made it possible to prove that almost half of family farmers have no guarantee of possible successors, as a significant part of them want other forms of monetary income, outside the establishments, including through emigration.

The root of urban poverty and inequality often results from limited economic opportunity. Yet, often this perception of lack of opportunity is centered on the early stages of new venture formation, with only limited attention to venture growth and expansion. In this study, we explore the intersection of social venturing and community economic redevelopment to address this gap in the literature. We examine how venturing under conditions of limited economic opportunities occurs not just at the formation stages but also throughout the venturing life cycle. Specifically, we examine how ventures formed in distressed, urban neighborhoods face unique challenges when scaling up their operations. These challenges relate to securing and leveraging four types of capital: financial, physical, human, and social. We employ a case study methodology to examine these scaling challenges and the strategies the organization employed to overcome location disadvantages.

Purpose The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought various and radical changes at the worldwide level. Globally, severe preventive measures were imposed to respond to the crisis such as lockdowns which forced the people to quarantine themselves inside their houses for longer periods. This issue stressed the crucial role of healthy houses in providing the various needs of residents during crises. Design/methodology/approach This study methodology adopted both inductive approach and a Study Application Model to define the Healthy House Criteria and fulfill the study objectives. Under the inductive approach a holistic literature review was undertaken while the Study Application Model implied defining the conception of the overall Criteria of the Healthy House's interior design under the COVID-19. Findings The finding of the study showed some areas needed to improve current healthy house's criteria in terms of its interior design that may be used to cope with potential crises such as the COVID-19. Based on the revealed findings, the researcher suggested a conceptual framework for healthy house's criteria and further research areas. Originality/value The current research may provide applicable framework for both interior designers and households in terms of how to design and implement a healthy house, which is valid to accommodate residents during potential crises such as the COVID-19.

En artículo se enfocó en el Arbitramento en Colombia, desde la perspectiva de su relevancia en las diferentes esferas del Derecho Colombiano, no obstante; pese a considerarse una de las maneras más antiguas para resolver controversias entre las personas, es aún desconocida, dudándose entonces sobre su eficacia en la justicia privada que se imparte en los diferentes conflictos contractuales suscritos tanto por entidades públicas como privadas, germinando como problema de investigación, justificándose en la búsqueda de respuestas en la necesidad de dejar en claro la utilidad que posee el arbitramento en nuestro Estado, en donde se diseño como objetivo general el analizar la eficacia del arbitraje como herramienta para la solución de conflictos en Colombia; obteniéndose resultados a través de tres objetivos específicos al conceptualizar del arbitramento, identificar los asuntos sometidos a arbitraje en Colombia y establecer la eficacia del Arbitramento en Colombia; esto a través de un enfoque cualitativo bajo una metodología de estudio de casos, en una investigación jurídico dogmática, desde una perspectiva analítica, interpretativa o crítica del autor, concluyéndose que en la actualidad el arbitraje es eficiente como herramienta para la solución de conflictos en Colombia.

The purpose of the work was to know the correlation between the Professional Competences of Teachers and Quality in University Education. The study methodology was the correlational, not experimental, the spatial field of study was the UNFV, the sample was 60 students from the tenth cycle of studies of the Faculty of Education, who were evaluated though two survey questionnaires, the first to evaluate the Professional Competencies of Teachers and the second to evaluate the Quality in University Education. The results found show that there is a positive, significant and medium-level relationship rho = 0,611 between Professional Teaching Competencies and Quality in University Education; Between Competencies in General Training and Quality in University Education the correlation was positive, significant and of a low level rho = 0,373, Likewise, between the Competences of Teachers in Pedagogical Training and Quality in University Education, the correlation was positive, significant and of a medium level rho = 0,566, also between Skills in Specialized Training and Quality in University Education, the correlation was positive, significant and of a low level rho = 0,270. The conclusions establish that there is a relationship between the mentioned variables. Keywords: Quality; work satisfaction; quality in education university; pedagogical training. La finalidad del trabajo fue conocer la correlación entre las Competencias Profesionales de los Docentes y la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria. La metodología de estudio fue el correlacional, no experimental, el ámbito espacial de estudio fue la UNFV, la muestra fue de 60 estudiantes del décimo ciclo de estudios de la Facultad de Educación, quienes fueron evaluados a través de dos cuestionarios de encuesta; el primero para evaluar las Competencias Profesionales de los Docentes y el segundo para evaluar la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria. Los resultados hallados demuestran que hay una relación positiva, significativa y de nivel medio rho = 0,611 entre las Competencias Profesionales Docentes y la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria; entre las Competencias en Formación General y la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria la correlación fue positiva, significativa y de nivel bajo rho = 0,373; así mismo entre las Competencias de los Docentes en Formación Pedagógica y la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria, la correlación fue positiva, significativa y de nivel medio rho = 0,566; también entre las Competencias en Formación Especializada y la Calidad en la Educación Universitaria, la correlación fue positiva, significativa y de nivel bajo rho = 0,270. Las conclusiones establecen que existe relación entre las variables mencionadas. Palabras clave: Calidad; satisfacción laboral; calidad en educación universitaria; formación pedagógica.

Background Vaccination is the effective and long-term pharmacological solution to deal with COVID-19. Information technology (IT) and electronic immunization can be effective in accelerating and improving vaccine coverage. The aim of this paper is to develop multi-dimensional framework of e-health roadmap to response Covod-19 pandemic and examine the role of IT for improving vaccine distribution in Iran. Methods The study methodology was based on a two-stage Delphi method which included literature studies at the beginning. Key steps in creating a roadmap in this study include definition, development and evaluation. The initial conceptual model was developed after literature review. Proposed roadmap was reviewed and evaluated in two stages based on the Delphi method by experts in the fields of E-health. Results In the e-health roadmap model, 14 stages of vaccine distribution were presented in three phases of vaccination and then were determined the type of technology in each phase. The 4 conceptual models were approved based on the two stages Delphi approach in a survey of 14 e-health experts. In the second phase of the Delphi process, the selected items were sent back to the specialists to verification. Then e-health roadmap was confirmed by experts and was finalized the approved model. Conclusions The technology-based roadmap is one plan in the form of a transfer strategy that aligns goals with specific technical solutions and helps to meet them. This roadmap empowers decision makers to decide on alternative paths and achieve goals.

The objective of this study is to examine implementation of the international education (IE) policy (under the so-called Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional (the Law of National Education System) and its legal derivatives) at high school level in Indonesia by investigating the policy text and its dynamic practices concerning the IE policies at both public and private schools. The study employs qualitative case study methodology combining data collection methods which include individual interviews to key resource persons and documents analysis at national, local and at school levels. Using the Vidovich policy framework, the study explores how national executive, legislative and judicial (states) bodies interact in formulating IE policy and how the policy has impacted at school level. Two schools of public and private that implemented international curriculum were selected as case studies. The study finds that the IE policy that was initially formulated at national level by relevant state authorities/agencies has however resulted in weakening role of the state due in part to its centralized feature (despite its decentralized implementation claim). Consequently, in the stage of its implementation at school level, providers of IE and their champions as non-state actors play significant roles. The study indicates importance and significance of relevant state authorities at local government level in the framework to offer effective supervision on the IE policy implementation.

Aims: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to describe the interventions for bereaved parents, evaluate intervention effectiveness through study methodology rigor, replicability, and theoretical foundations. Methods: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed (1966-2018), CINAHL (1937-present), PsycINFO (1887-present), and Embase (1947-present) using various search words and MeSH terms related to the study purpose. A blinded screening of title/abstract was performed, with conflicting inclusion decisions resolved through group discussions. Matrices for remaining articles were created and discussed among the team. The levels of evidence of the 9 records were rated from very low to high based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines. Results: Our initial pool included 1025 articles. After the screening of titles/abstracts, 63 articles were retained for full-text reviews. Evaluated based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9 records met the review criteria. Of the 9 records, 1 was graded as very low, 3 low, and 5 low to moderate. The interventions for bereaved parents varied from using single-model interventions such as expressive arts therapy and telephone support to multimodal interventions that combined resources (ie, peer support, resource packets, and health-care support). Only 1 study explicitly illustrated how its bereavement intervention was designed based on the proposed theoretical model. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for individualized, well-tested, and effective bereavement care interventions to support bereaved parents. In summary, the state of the science on interventions for bereaved parents is poor and much work needs to be done to effectively address the needs of bereaved parents, including both their physical and emotional health needs.

This analysis uses case study methodology to further the understanding of the diversionary theory of war in specific cases. It employs a model consisting of five propositions that build upon existi...

This study explores impact factors that affect the adoption of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we investigate the impact factors that subject-matter experts consider most important to the success of FinTech payment models. The data and their responses are evaluated through the lens of Christensen’s market-creation theory, which contends that the adoption of market-creating innovations by a mass swathe of heretofore non-consumers “pulls” framework conditions into place, including missing infrastructure and enabling regulation. Then, we compare the findings with the literature and three case studies of mobile money adoption in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the payment and money transfer segment of FinTech innovations in Africa using a multiple case study methodology. We drew together information from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews, archival data in the form of industry and regulatory reports, and observational field notes. Our findings suggest that enabling environments (Kenya) do jumpstart adoption and difficult frameworks (Nigeria) do evolve. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in Africa.

The main objective of this study was to motivate EFL (English Foreign Language) students in learning English vocabulary by using collaborative video Project. This study followed a case study methodology to describe how video project experience can engage students to learn English and provide them an opportunity to participate in tasks as well as enrich their vocabulary. Twenty-five EFL students in the Vocabulary Building Course (VBC) participated in this study. This study used three phases for evaluations: the pre-production phase, production phase and post production phase. Data were collected from classroom observations, the video Project process and document analyses. A summary of the findings related to the video theme and narrative analysis of students’ videos are presented in this paper. Data analysis showed that students responded differently to their video project assignments and produced different types of collaborative videos with the help of a camcorder and computer application. Then, a survey was conducted to collect feedback from participants to learn their opinions and attitudes regarding the use of collaborative video project, students’ learning and motivation. Participants in this study expressed positive attitudes and opinions toward their video-project experiences. This study demonstrates that video Project can be a great tool for promoting students’ motivation and participation in learning English, enriching their vocabulary and can be an effective and powerful tool to create fun, interactive, and collaborative learning environments.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand conflicts that emerge between managers of buying and supplying firms when a personal relationship (friendship, etc.) is present between them in the supply chain context. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a case study methodology and relies on data obtained from 30 qualitative interviews with managers of buying and supplying firms, having a personal relationship within inter-firm relationships to promote the interest of the firm. Findings Results from this study reveal conflicts between managers of buying and supplying firms due to the presence of a personal relationship between them. Specifically, results suggest that managers face ego conflict, supplier’s selection conflict and conflict on accepting late deliveries when they rely on personal relationships, which are themselves embedded within inter-firm relationship. Research limitations/implications This study has some limitations. First, this study examines behavioural patterns in Australian cultural context. Second, results of this study are not generalizable to a broader population. Practical implications Firms can use the findings to understand conflicts, which arise between managers of buying and supplying firms, as a result of a personal relationship between them in the supply chain. Originality/value This is, perhaps, the first study contributing to the supply chain relationship literature by unveiling conflicts between managers of buying and supplying firms, when a personal relationship is present between them.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine data use practices within a cross-sector initiative involving high school career academies. It discerns how partners used data to assess the public value of academies and address equity concerns.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodology was applied to examine cross-sector activities supporting the district’s career academy reform. Data were collected through interviews, observations and document analysis. Datnow and Park’s (2018) conceptual framework involving key equity dimensions guided the analysis.FindingsPartners used data for both accountability and continuous improvement. Educators were required to document student growth for state accountability purposes, while providing evidence of the public value of the academies to the community. Data use for continuous improvement included identifying annual goals to improve academy performance. There was a lack of a district-wide focus on equity, with educators taking a passive approach to academy and career pathway selections by student subgroups.Practical implicationsThe findings provide insights into data use practices school and district leaders can implement to ensure equitable student participation in career academies and appropriate data use within cross-sector collaborations.Social implicationsStudents who are traditionally underrepresented in career fields, including students of color and females, need intentional efforts to encourage their participation in high-skill, high-wage career fields.Originality/valueThis study identifies critical issues involved with data use for equity when promoting education-centered cross-sector collaboration, while also highlighting existing tensions between data use for accountability and continuous improvement.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a benchmarking project carried out by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) as part of a structured benchmarking initiative. The project was based on the TRADE benchmarking methodology and this paper examines the tools, activities and outcomes that relate to each stage of the adopted methodology. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on case study methodology. Data were collected from various sources including analysis of project reports written by DEWA’s benchmarking team reporting on their activities during the project. Data were also collected from four project presentations given at different stages of the project. In addition, the research team held three meetings with the DEWA benchmarking team at different stages of the benchmarking project. Findings The results show the key challenges and successes faced during each stage of the benchmarking project. It indicates the actions taken to overcome the challenges and the role played by internal and external stakeholders in facilitating the success of the benchmarking project. Practical implications The study presents information that would guide organisations that wish to carry out a benchmarking project – and particularly those implementing benchmarking for the first time. The study provides a summary of the key lessons learnt by DEWA’s benchmarking team as a guide for other organisations. Originality/value Academic research has not adequately examined and analysed the stage-by-stage elements of a benchmarking project from the perspective of the implementing organisation. This study addresses this gap by detailing and analysing the experiences of a benchmarking project by tracking the stage-by-stage activities of the benchmarking team.

Rio de Janeiro is a touristic city internationally famous and related to different images by foreigners as: “Wonderful City”, Carnival city and, more recently, hospitable city. This status has been found in recent researches, usually with tourists whose motivation is leisure and that are enchanted with their trip. The group of exchange tourists it’s been considered as temporary residents of a destiny. They can have a perception more detailed of there. Besides, these tourists end up been image promoters of this destination and as they feel welcomed they will pass along that picture in their home country. So, it’s necessary to understand if the destiny of Rio de Janeiro is really hospitable, especially the touristic places and their people. Therefore this research has as a main purpose to analyze the hospitality of the touristic places in the city of Rio de Janeiro by the look of exchange tourists who studies at Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). This study methodology was descriptive using different techniques: a survey (a questionary with 54 exchange tourists), a qualitative research (loosely structured interviews for six exchange tourists) and a qualitatively data analyze based on the bibliographic study. The exchange tourists of UFF said there were evidences of hospitality at the touristic places of Rio de Janeiro, however all the categories – accessibility, legibility and identity – need to be improved. They also indicated the locals as a kind people with foreigners.

The role that companies play in domestic and international economies is fundamental and over the last few decades the impact of business on human rights has become increasingly visible. Their impact on human rights is an important discourse as they have the potential to make a direct and enduring impact on people?s lives. This research uses a case study methodology on an OG indigenous peoples; and labor. It is important to focus on these three aspects because they impacted most by the operations of the OG i) Shell?s responsibilities to protect human rights from the theoretical perspective in which the published data such as annual report and business guidelines are examine critically; ii) whether Shell has discharged its duties according to what they have declared in their business guidelines. This part examines cases of infringement of human rights involving Shell. This article concludes with recommendations on how O&G companies can respect human rights despite of their hazardous activities to environment, indigenous peoples and labor.