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This paper gropes the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a delayed synthetic drug transmission model with two stages of addiction and Holling Type-II functional response. The critical point at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs can be figured out by using the escalating time delay of psychologically addicts as a bifurcation parameter. Directly afterwards, properties of the Hopf bifurcation are explored with aid of the central manifold theorem and normal form theory. Specially, global stability of the model is proved by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. To underline effectiveness of the obtained results and analyze influence of some influential parameters on dynamics of the model, some numerical simulations are ultimately addressed.

Consumers’ health plan choices are highly persistent even though optimal plans change over time. This paper separates two sources of inertia, inattention to plan choice and switching costs. We develop a panel data model with separate attention and choice stages, linked by heterogeneity in acuity, i.e., the ability and willingness to make diligent choices. Using data from Medicare Part D, we find that inattention is an important source of inertia but switching costs also play a role, particularly for low-acuity individuals. Separating the two stages and allowing for heterogeneity is crucial for counterfactual simulations of interventions that reduce inertia. (JEL D12, G22, H51, I13, I18, L65)

Given the ongoing need for projects to achieve profitability, it is critical that they are completed on time and to the agreed-upon contractual specifications and quality. The need to identify the most important classified performance indicators (CPIs) for assessing construction projects' progress toward these objectives, as well as the satisfaction of the various stakeholders involved in the projects. As a result, the goal is to identify and prioritize CPIs that reflect Egyptian construction project performance. CPIs are identified in two stages and are divided into eight major perspectives (financial, operation, supporting, stakeholders, human capital, health, safety, and environmental, social, and innovation, learning, and growth). The first stage involved identifying (110) factors from the literature, which were then filtered and developed. The second stage involved creating a questionnaire based on the significant factors that had been identified. As a result, the (40) most important CPIs affecting the performance of the development project were identified.

This introductory essay reviews the history of the Journal, divided into two stages: the period from 1921 to 1953; and that from 1954 to today. It examines the changing institutional arrangements, personnel, as well as some of the highlights in the content of the Journal. If there is a theme, it is that the Journal was established by and developed its reputation because of the efforts of many of the outstanding scholars at Cambridge who over the decades offered the outputs of their talents to the Journal; and that the Journal has used that reputation more and more to attract the scholars outside Cambridge – indeed from all over the world. Whatever the aims of those who established the Cambridge Law Journal in 1921, and without much self-consciousness, the Journal incrementally acquired the status and practices of a learned journal. Finally, the essay reflects on the future, in particular the challenges of digitisation, open access and inclusivity.

The article presents the results of psychological research and psychologist’s work with young hockey players at two stages of pre-competition training camps for sports training for the 1st Winter Children of Asia International Sports Games (hereinafter – the 1st Winter ISG “Children of Asia”). The research involved studying the young athletes’ psychological fitness by three indicators: the status of pre-competition mental states (motivation and anxiety), autonomic balance and psychomotor control, as factors of psychological selection to a sports team and solving key problems in the content of integrated sports training. The research presents the annual cycle of young athletes’ sports training, which is timely at the stages of basic training and sports excellence.

This article aims to examine the symbol of women in the Qur'an. Because women have always been discriminated against and have not received equality, to find answers from the Qur'an, the author looks for it with the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes, who holds that everything can be approached in two stages; namely the first stage is called the linguistic system and the second stage is called the mythical system (myth). In Barthes's view, Myth is assumed to be a signifying system built on three things: the signifier, the signified, and the sign. Based on Barthes' theoretical approach to the symbols of zauj, imra’ah, and women as queens, women and men have similarities and differences. In one case, they are the same, but in another, they are different. They have similarities in origin, namely both from land, similarity in status as humans, equality in terms of responsibilities, job eligibility, and the like. But in terms of duties and obligations, in terms of physical, mental both have differences.

Este artículo presenta el Repositorio digital “Biblioiconografía mexicana de los siglos XVI y XVII” como un recurso didáctico electrónico que registra, cataloga y precisa información sobre la producción editorial novohispana. Específicamente sobre los grabados utilizados en los libros impresos novohispanos durante dos etapas: 1540 a 1600 y 1601 a 1650; en ambos períodos, los ejemplares fueron cuidadosamente cotejados para configurar un corpus depurado y completo de las obras impresas en Nueva España con una cifra que se aproxima a los mil grabados. La metodología parte del concepto de biblioiconografía y se apoya en el análisis material para dar cuenta del grabado como un elemento que puede estudiarse en su composición iconográfica, pero también como parte del libro como unidad de análisis. En esta perspectiva, nuestro Repositorio ofrece información específica sobre el grabado, su descripción y su ubicación en el libro impreso novohispano. Se encuentra a disposición para su consulta gratuita, con la intención de promover las investigaciones sobre este período.

O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a reação dos consumidores às peças publicitárias que contêm apelos caracterizados como greenwashing versus bluewashing. A revisão da literatura focou na discussão acerca do marketing verde e societal, posteriormente discorrendo sobre esses falsos discursos mercadológicos. Como procedimento metodológico, foi realizado um experimento online em duas etapas, ambos com monitoramento ocular (eyetracker). O procedimento consistiu na apresentação de uma peça publicitária fictícia, manipulada em três diferentes formatos (greenwashing, bluewashing e neutra), seguida pela resposta ao questionário. Como resultado, evidenciou-se uma capacidade de influência das práticas de greenwashing e bluewashing no comportamento do consumidor.

Background and Purpose: This study’s aim was to examine the persuasive effects of a blue documentary (BD), representing marine life extinction on viewers’ perceptions and their attitudinal change toward conservation. Methodology: This study selected 36 participants using purposive sampling technique, according to the characteristics of their location and age categories. A total of 72 semi-structured interviews were conducted in two stages – the pre- and post-viewing of the documentary. A documentary program of Lestari Ujana Marin (LUM) was the media text used in gathering the necessary data. The data were then perused qualitatively through the employment of thematic analysis. Findings: The findings suggest that the participants’ perceptions and attitudinal changes were more positive toward marine life conservation after being exposed to the documentary. The attitudinal changes have been sustainable and exhibited through the participants’ real actions in supporting marine life conservation. Contributions: This study paves the way for collaboration between experts in different fields, such as filmmakers, oceanologists, and non-governmental organizations, who are fundamentally concerned in disseminating knowledge about environmental conservation for the benefits of future generations. Keywords: Media, blue documentary, persuasion, pro-conservation, marine life, young generation. Cite as: Mat, N. H., Rashid, R. A., Che Noh, C. H., & Said Al-Rawahi, M. A. (2021). The effects of blue documentaries on viewers’ perceptions and attitudinal change toward marine life conservation. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 379-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp379-402

This article considers the theoretical principles of children and students’ national awareness formation in the Ukrainian pedagogy of Galicia in the period 1848–1918. It defines two stages in this ...

The efficiency of the logistics of agricultural food needs to assure that its products are safe and of quality. This would earn the trust of consumers. To provide smart farming and packing solutions, the proposed work is an intelligent system using machine learning and image processing on Apple quality detection. The Apple image dataset was used with two stages of fruit, one is healthy and another one is damaged. The machine learning model is trained with this dataset to identify the fruit quality. The proposed technique uses feature extraction using image processing technique and SVM algorithm is applied to train and detect the quality of fruit.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as tendências tecnológicas presentes no interior de duas propostas curriculares nacionais do ensino médio: as Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCN+) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Para atingir tal fim, foi feita a utilização das técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, que contou com duas etapas: a primeira etapa visando a enumeração das frequências dos termos ligados ao radical tecno (tecnologia e tecnológico) em ambos os documentos; e a segunda, almejando a categorização das tendências encontradas a partir da análise de suas respectivas unidades de contexto. Os resultados demonstram uma quantidade de 147 unidades de contextos nos PCN+ em comparação com 30 da BNCC. Dentre as unidades de contexto, seis tendências tecnológicas foram identificadas nos PCN+ enquanto na BNCC apenas cinco destas. Ainda assim, é possível considerá-las como tendências essenciais no processo de Alfabetização Científico-Tecnológica. Palavras-chave: Tendências tecnológicas; Alfabetização Científico-Tecnológica; Ciências Naturais.

Leachate produced in municipal solid waste landfills is known to have very high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollution substances that could contaminate the surrounding. Degradation of leachate pollutants by coagulation was done conventionally by using single chemical coagulation. The application of natural coagulants, together with electrocoagulation (EC) is still at an uncertain stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of two stages of coagulation (TSC) consisting of coagulation (tapioca starch coagulant) and EC in removing colour and ammonia nitrogen from stabilising leachate under the influence of dose, leachate pH, duration, and electric current. Coagulation of tapioca starch without EC, removed 24% and 18% of colour and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. However, combining EC with coagulation at the optimum duration (20 minutes), a dose of TF (2.5 g/L), leachate pH (7), and electric current (0.15 A) achieved 37% and 61% removal of colour and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. The enhancement of colour and ammonia nitrogen were recorded by TSC. Therefore, TSC is proven able to improve colour and ammonia nitrogen removal from stabilised leachate.

Este artigo é um resumo da tese de Doutoramento “Investigação de parâmetros de análise do design de equipamento enquanto ferramenta de impacto social” realizada em 2020 na Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. Trata-se de uma investigação que olhou para as questões relacionadas com o binómio design-fazer local. Para tal, produziu-se uma descrição-síntese de parcerias brasileiras e portuguesas existentes nestes dois mundos (design e fazer local) e delimitou-se (descreveu-se e analisou-se) as relações provenientes e existentes neste processo com base no entendimento destas experiências. A investigação foi dividida em duas etapas. A primeira caracterizou-se por uma revisão bibliográfica que envolveu estudos de autores diversos acerca do lugar do artesanato no Brasil e em Portugal; das aproximações e diferenças do design e das suas dimensões do fazer local. Produziu- se, portanto, uma estrutura teórica a ser utilizada na segunda etapa que compreendeu a pesquisa, descrição e avaliação de 20 casos de estudo brasileiros e 5 portugueses. Foram realizadas entrevistas a partir de um questionário semiestruturado com os três atores presentes nestas parcerias – o artífice, o designer e as entidades ou instituições que fomentam estas parcerias. As ponderações finais indicam que somos todos artífices, sendo o impacto uma via com dois sentidos.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a construção do Estádio Magalhães Pinto, popularmente conhecido como Mineirão, localizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Destaca-se neste estudo o contexto da política do esporte nacional como fator relevante no processo de edificação do estádio. Assim, como uma partida de futebol, o artigo será apresentado em dois tempos, além da ‘concentração’, com intuito de uma breve apresentação sobre o tema e do ‘apito final’ para as últimas considerações. Primeiramente, será feito um panorama das políticas públicas nacionais de esporte, com destaque para a valorização do futebol no estado de Minas Gerais e em seguida o processo de construção e inauguração do Mineirão. A pesquisa, para além da bibliografia acadêmica pertinente, utilizou jornais e revistas de relevância nacional.

Academic research has paid more attention to formation and management of business relationships than to their dissolution. For example, not much is known about the extent to which dissolution intentions are predictive of actual dissolution, and whether certainty with which these intentions are held influences the likelihood of relationship dissolution. To address these questions, authors collect data in two stages from a franchise system in Korea. They specify the judgment uncertainty and magnitude parameters (JUMP) model to tease apart the magnitude and uncertainty of intention from a single measure, and a duration analysis model to study translation of intentions into behavior. Results show that not only strong intentions to dissolve a relationship are more likely to result in actual dissolution but weak intentions also are more likely to lead to dissolution if the holder is doubtful and uncertain about the relationship. Ignoring uncertainty of dissolution intentions thus can seriously downplay their risk of translating into actual dissolution.

The article discusses the cognitive-linguistic technique of frameshifting and its potential for deliberate impoliteness in antagonistic politically charged discourse. Frameshifting involves the construction of utterances in such a way that their comprehension involves two stages: the reader is first led to invoke one mental frame and then is forced to discard it and to invoke a different frame, with the final message being deliberately insulting. The article demonstrates that frameshifting, which has been studied predominantly in humorous discourse, can also be used in aggressive communication to intensify the insulting potential of utterances and to simultaneously increase prominence and memorability of the message. The article argues that the effects of impoliteness can depend on the manner of expression, and if the speaker chooses a particularly innovative and conspicuously intentional means of expression, the intent to insult comes to the forefront, the insulting meaning is amplified, and the resulting negative message is strengthened.

An online tutorial should be the core of the student learning support services in the digital era to maintain the quality of distanced higher education. However, in Universitas Terbuka with supposed to be the cyber university of Indonesia, the participation in the online tutorials was still not encouraging. For example, the average of the percentage of students' involvement in the first academic semester of 2017 to the 2nd semester 2018 for one course was 2.21 per cent. This study aimed to identify barriers for students to participate in the online tutorial. The method consisted of two stages. First, analyzing qualitative data that were gathered through open-ended questions to identify factors of the barriers. Second, developing 20 items' questionnaire based on the factors identified in the first stage and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The study involved 76 students in the first stage and 237 students in the second. The results of the study revealed that the students' barriers to online tutorial reflected in four factors, i.e. (1) information, (2) motivation, (3) technical, and (4) supports; each factor confirmed significantly (p-values < 0.05) with t-values equal to 14.108, 27.875, 7.502, and 25.640, respectively. The study proposed some recommendations to improve student participation in online tutorials.

Introduction: Quality failures in the clinical laboratories should be analyzed to improve patient safety in hospital. Purpose of this study is to apply failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for prospective risks of quality failures and appropriate corrective actions to reduce/prevent errors in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: Members of multidisciplinary team were trained to notify quality failures. Each quality failures assigned value from 1 to 5 based on severity, occurrence and detection of failure modes. Risk priority number (RPN) was calculated from severity, occurrence and detection scores (RPN = SI x OI x DI). For highest risk failure modes, FMEA tool was applied in two stages: before and after action plan. Results: A total 14 high risk failure modes were found and arranged based on their RPN values from high to low score. In 5 highest risk failure modes RPN values before action plan were as follows: Transcription error (RPN=100), Malfunction of reagent (RPN=75), Malfunction of calibrator (RPN=48), Samples taken in wrong tubes (RPN=36) and Sample misplaced in laboratory (RPN=36). After corrective actions taken, we found decrease in RPN values for 5 highest risk failure modes. Conclusion: FMEA is an effective tool to reduce quality failures in clinical biochemistry laboratories. Keywords: Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), Quality failure, Patient safety, Risk priority number (RPN).

We shed more light on the effect of corporate political connections on the cost of debt of US firms. Focusing on new public debt issuance and applying a two stages instrumental variable model, we s...

Trata-se de estudo de caso longitudinal sobre um trabalho fonoaudiológico realizado em escola pública da cidade de São Paulo, que buscou fomentar estratégias educacionais não medicalizantes e potencializadoras do aprendizado de crianças com dificuldades escolares. Como aporte teórico-metodológico utilizou-se a abordagem dialógica de cunho bakhtiniano, que visa a compreensão dos discursos produzidos no espaço escolar, resultantes de um cruzamento de vozes, nem sempre consonantes. Este trabalho, realizado em três etapas, durante dois anos, teve participação de 20 professores, nas duas primeiras etapas e, na terceira, de 48 estudantes dos anos iniciais e 4 professores de seis salas de apoio. A análise dos dados coletados das rodas de conversas das primeiras etapas e das oficinas de linguagem da terceira revelou a existência de múltiplas vozes no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, ampliando a compreensão das dificuldades e favorecendo uma mudança de postura dos professores frente ao aprendiz com problemas. Professores mais potentes não só contribuíram para a transformação das dificuldades dos estudantes, devolvendo-os para suas salas regulares, como sentiram-se mais seguros em dar aulas nesses espaços, pois experimentaram suas próprias potências para o trabalho pedagógico.

The purpose of this study is to develop an effective measure of hotel staff literacy in disaster prevention. This research was divided into two stages. First, a series of in-depth interviews and two rounds of modified Delphi method were used to derive the items and dimensions of hotel disaster prevention literacy. Four key dimensions were identified, namely, disaster prevention knowledge, disaster prevention attitude, disaster prevention skills, and disaster prevention services. Second, a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of disaster prevention training for hotel staff using the hotel disaster prevention literacy scale. The result revealed that staff who took part in the training displayed a significantly higher level of disaster prevention literacy in all four key dimensions compared with those who did not participate in the training. The results provide useful theoretical and practical insights into disaster prevention management in the hotel industry.

As doenças causadas por helmintos e protozoários transmitidas pela alface (Lactuca sativa) possuem grande impacto em saúde pública, sendo consideradas importantes zoonoses. Por isso é importante cuidar da higiene dessa hortaliça previamente ao consumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação por parasitos de importância na saúde pública em amostras de alfaces produzidas e comercializadas na cidade de Campos Novos, Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa foram coletadas amostras de alface de supermercados e fruteiras associadas a câmara de dirigentes lojistas da cidade (CDL). Essas alfaces, segundo a descrição da embalagem, eram produzidas de forma hidropônica. Na segunda etapa foram coletadas amostras de alface de escolas municipais e estaduais. As técnicas parasitológicas utilizadas foram Willis Mollay, Dennis Stones e Swanson, Sheater e Faust. Todas as 26 amostras demonstraram ausência de parasitas, sugerido baixo ou nulo grau de contaminação por esses agentes nas hortaliças consumidas no município. Todos os locais onde foram coletadas amostras apresentavam qualidade de alimentos e higiene adequados. É recomendado sempre apresentar os riscos de contaminação à população e salientar a importância da higiene e profilaxia.

The article focuses on the prominent stylistic devices of the language, gives their definitions, and examines the effectiveness of their use in the political speeches of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Presidents of Ukraine, and the President of the United States of America. It studies the rhetorical strategies that help the speakers to achieve the desired goal effectively, and add persuasiveness to the addresses. The article aims to reveal the similar tendencies in rhetorical speeches used by the political leaders. The research method, which includes two stages, has been presented. The first stage consisted of material collection. The second stage consisted of two sub-stages of the study and included the description, and the systematization of the obtained data. The significance of the research lies in the fact that the similar traits in political speeches in different countries have been defined. The further studying of the political speeches of the political elites can enable to deepen the knowledge about rhetorical strategies in the sociolinguistic aspect.

Research examining the intention of cash waqf in Islamic Microfinance institutions remain more paucity of evidence. To the best of the authors' knowledge, previous studies have still been silent on exploring the intention of cash waqf in the context of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT). Dealing with this issue, this study examines the impact of transparency and accountability perception on trust and intention to donate cash waqf in Islamic Microfinance Institutions. This study employed a survey in the form of a questionnaire to obtain the required data from 303 waqif (people who donate cash waqf) both at BMT and another nazhir waqf around the island of Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) in two stages, i.e., measurement models and structural models. The results of data analysis portrayed that the perception of transparency provided a significant impact on trust and intention to donate cash waqf in Islamic finance institutions. It was also depicted that the level of trust positively influenced the intention to give cash waqf in Islamic finance institutions. These results offer significant contributions as fruitful insights to strengthen the transparency and accountability of Islamic microfinance institutions, particularly Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) in Indonesia.

The objective of this research was to identify the present knowledge, the implemented strategies, the attitude problems and the training found at the Centro Escolar Republica de Haiti in relation to the learning problems inside the classroom in order to promote the social and cognitive inclusion of children with learning problems/ disabilities. With this in mind, a transversal descriptive design was applied. The study was conducted in two stages. The first one, called Quantitative Phase, was conducted via descriptive observation through an arbitrary observation criterion; the second one, the Qualitative Phase, used semistructured interviews.The faculty from the primary school facilitated data about those students with learning difficulties. Among the main results, there can be mentioned the fact that some faculty members had a negative opinion about students with learning difficulties and/or disabilities attending the regular school since they cannot be adequately assisted, an aspect which relates to the need in training on how to effectively manage children with learning disabilities inside the classroom, in addition to the apathy that they have to do it. In relation to the characterization of children, it can be appreciated that there are learning problems in the areas of verbal and written communication, reading, mathematics, cognitive aspects, personal appearance and care, and organization as well as psychomotor skills. Keywords: Scientific dissemination - San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Science and technology - San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Scientific research - San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Social research - San Luis Potosi, Mexico. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11298/1152DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/entorno.v0i69.9558

Purpose Safety signs are widely used to deliver safety-related information. There are many different types of safety signs. Although previous studies have paid attention to the design and effectiveness of safety signs, little attention has been devoted to investigating how people process the information conveyed by different types of safety signs. Accordingly, the current study is intended to explore the neural mechanisms underlying people's perception of different types of safety signs. Methods Three types of safety signs (prohibition, mandatory and warning signs) were used in the study. We employed questionnaire and event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment with an implicit paradigm to probe how people perceive these three types of safety signs. Results Behaviorally, warning signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than mandatory signs. At the brain level, prohibition signs and warning signs led to reduced P2 amplitudes compared to mandatory signs. In addition, warning signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than mandatory signs, coinciding with the behavioral results. Conclusion Different types of safety signs led to significant differences in individuals' hazard perception. Based on the neural results, we suggest that the processing of safety signs consists of two stages: the rapid detection of hazard information (indicated by P2) and the conscious integration of hazard information in working memory (indicated by N2 and N4).

Resumo A discriminação sofrida pelas mulheres em posições estratégicas é fato recorrente no mercado de trabalho, em particular no Brasil. Mesmo que, geralmente, elas possuam maior qualificação que os homens, isto não se reflete nos seus salários e nos cargos por elas ocupados. As causas de tais limitações possuem raízes históricas, sociais e psicológicas. Neste artigo objetiva-se melhor compreender desafios enfrentados na ocupação de posições de liderança por mulheres na administração pública do executivo brasileiro, tendo por base barreiras comumente descritas na literatura internacional e nacional sobre o tema do alcance de postos de liderança - “teto de vidro”, “labirintos de liderança”, “abelha rainha”. Metodologicamente, o estudo compreende duas etapas. A primeira, de abordagem qualitativa, compreende entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade com lideranças - Subsecretárias - da Administração Pública do Rio de Janeiro. Na segunda fase, quantitativa, fez-se uso de survey, aplicado a gestoras da Secretaria de Estado de Fazenda e Planejamento Fluminense. Nos resultados, constata-se que a mulher ainda sofre preconceitos e enfrenta barreiras associadas aos códigos masculinos de ascensão profissional. Ainda assim, a maioria das entrevistadas indica não sofrer preconceito direto, afirmando o crescimento e o alcance de posições estratégicas por méritos próprios.

We investigate experimentally the effects of the opportunity to pre‐plan one's action on dynamic (im)moral decision makings in two stages. In the experiment we either provided the subjects at the outset with the information that they might be able to tell lies to improve their payoff repeatedly (hence they could pre‐plan accordingly), or provided such information at the beginning of each stage (and hence they could not pre‐plan). Furthermore, we controlled whether they had the incentive to resort to telling a lie in the first stage or not. Our two main findings are: (i) when subjects were not informed about the second opportunity to lie at the outset, those who had an opportunity to lie in the first stage lied more often in the second stage compared to those who did not have such an opportunity; and (ii) pre‐planning induced subjects to lie more often in the first stage. We conjecture that pre‐planning invited a compensatory, instead of consistent, action, and thus induced more dishonest responses in the beginning and fewer later. We also discuss the extent of ‘partial lying’, i.e., lying in only one stage, across the treatments and its effect on the overall rate of lying.

O objetivo do trabalho foi apresentar e discutir os resultados de uma ação de extensão universitária desenvolvida com estudantes do ensino fundamental, em duas escolas do município de Itaqui/RS,buscando instrumentalizar e instigar, de forma lúdica, a importância da educação ambiental e alimentar como meios para melhoria da saúde, da qualidade de vida e para a formação cidadã. A ação foi desenvolvida com alunos do 4° e 5º ano do ensino fundamental (8 a 11 anos), dividida em duas etapas, a primeira focando na educação ambiental e a segunda na educação alimentar. Na primeira etapa foi aplicado um questionário e realizada uma roda de conversa juntamente com atividade prática de semeadura de alface em caixas de ovos contendo substrato para mudas, na segunda etapa foi proposta a construção de uma “horta ilustrativa”, visando promover a educação alimentar. O questionário mostrou que 80% das famílias apresentam preocupação em reciclar embalagens, que algumas famílias cultivam certas verduras em suas residências e que os alunos possuem conhecimento sobre a importância das frutas e verduras para uma alimentação saudável, porém, apenas 50% as consomem diariamente. Com o auxílio da roda de conversa e atividade prática, os alunos semearam alface em caixas de ovos e levaram para suas residências. Com a organização da “horta ilustrativa” pode-se observar que as hortaliças mais conhecidas foram: tomate, cenoura, beterraba e alface. Portanto, a ação foi relevante para discentes/universidade e alunos/escolas, por tratar de educação ambiental e alimentar, além de formar vínculo entre as instituições de ensino.

Цель исследования заключается в выявлении существующих и перспективных брендов Кузбасса, на основании которых возможно позиционирование Кемеровской области на российском и зарубежном туристском рынке. Материалы и методы. Для достижения цели автором применен социологический метод исследования (анкетирование), с помощью которого удалось выявить потенциальные туристские бренды, основные ассоциации, а также привлекательные и непривлекательные стороны для отдыха и туризма в Кемеровской области по мнению респондентов из разных регионов России. Исследование проводилось в два этапа посредством интернет-опроса в социальных сетях (ВКонтакте, Facebook, Одноклассники), опроса на платформе Google Forms, электронной почты, а также личного анкетирования. Методика проведения опроса предполагала, что респонденты, отвечая на предложенные вопросы, могут называть одновременно несколько вариантов ответов (следствием этого является отклонение от 100 %). Результаты исследования показали, что в Кемеровской области существуют неофициальные бренды-лидеры, которые в будущем могут стать официальным туристским символом региона. Помимо этого, выявленные привлекательные и непривлекательные факторы для отдыха показали неоднозначную ситуацию развития туризма в Кузбассе. Таким образом, создание, развитие и продвижение туристского бренда Кемеровской области играет важную роль в туристско-рекреационном направлении. Это способствует укреплению туристского образа региона на туристском рынке.

This paper examines the evolution of Husserl’s philosophy of non-intuitive intentions. The analysis has two stages. First, I expose a mistake in Husserl’s account of non-intuitive acts from his 190...

How does wartime violence shape post-war women's representation? Does past violence make women more or less likely to run for office? And if they do run, are they getting elected? This article argues that violence influences women's representation in contrasting ways at these two stages. In wartime, women have more opportunities to gain leadership skills, which likely increases the number of women running for office after the war. However, past violence also increases threat perceptions among voters. This, combined with gender stereotypes about male and female politicians, likely reduces voter support for female candidates. Using pre- and post-war electoral and wartime violence data at the municipal level from Bosnia, the authors present evidence that is consistent with their argument. The results hold across a number of robustness tests, including accounting for post-war demographic gender balance and women's party list placement.

This paper aims to characterize the discursive construction of two Chilean presidential candidates of 2017 on education, from an intersubjective, multimodal and critical perspective, which integrates the multimodal discourse analysis, the appraisal model, and the critical discourse studies. The methodology is qualitative. The corpus is made up of the programs and television networks of the two Chilean presidential candidates. The analysis was developed in two stages, one descriptive and the other interpretive-integrative. After the analysis, the results showed that the construction of meanings is carried out through intersemiotic evaluative prosodies, in which predominate appreciations, and to a lesser extent, judgments and affects. These evaluative prosodies shape strategies of legitimization and delegitimization: discredit and concealment in Piñera and alignment in Guillier. In this way, Piñera perpetuates the status quo of market logic in education, while Guillier uses the macro-strategy of transforming that status quo. The use of perpetuation macrostrategies by Piñera, has had profound social implications in Chilean society since the discursive construction of the aforementioned politician responds to a neoliberal model that is characterized by the application of the principles that come from private companies that enter in tension with inclusive education as they encourage selection and segregation rather than inclusion.

The article studies the philosophy of symbol in the works of Pavel Florensky in Palamite context. Comparing Florensky’ symbology with one of Gregory Pala­mas, and keeping in mind that, in the course of the Name-Glorifiers dispute, Flo­rensky began to speak of a symbol using the Palamite language of essence and ener­gies, I discern two stages in Florensky’s philosophy of symbol: pre-Palamite and Palamite ones. In order to conceive the compliance of Florensky’s Palamism with historical Palamism, I compare Florensky’s teaching on symbol at his Palamite stage with that of Gregory Palamas. In the course of this, I explore the reading cir­cle of the Palamite literature by Florensky. I conclude there is a crucial difference between the two thinkers: Palamas conceives “symbol” to be a natural energy of essence, while, for Florensky, it is an essence, the energy of which is in synergy with the energy of another essence. In this regard, I explore the background of Flo­rensky’s concept of synergy and highlight two lines: the first one relates to the Ger­man notion Synergismus, the second one relates to Serapion Mashkin’s doctrine. Finally, I discover a difference in ontologies between Palamas and Florensky. I as­sociate it with the difference in teachings on “symbol” of the two thinkers.

With the sublimation of art, people have a recognition of “beauty” and worship of “nature”, so they spread natural elements in all details and some decorations in interior design, and endowed with commemorative, thematic, decorative, functional and furnishing features shown in landscape sculpture. The furnishing, also known as the shelf sculpture, takes the landscape sculpture as the main body to fully expand the scope and possibility of landscape sculpture, and show the artist’s ideas, styles, feelings, personality, and even more in a larger space. Therefore, the author puts forward the following two stages, fit and breakthrough. The wood carving technology is applied to all aspects of interior design, so as to show the unique and lasting inheritance and development significance of the technics full of traditional culture in the interior design.

In the past few years, online impulse purchase has garnered attention from researchers in various fields, especially noted in the relatively new field of social commerce (S-commerce). This interactive envronment is a full of impulse buying stimulators. However, no previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the status of the research about online impulse buying behavior (IBB) in S-commerce. Hence, the authors reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2019, to gain an insight into IBB. The authors used an input-moderator-mediator-output model for identifying and classifying factors that influence consumer's online IBB in S-commerce. The authors adopted a review protocol that involved two stages (i.e., automatic and manual), and identified 68 studies that addressed online IBB, of which 24 studies focused on IBB in S-commerce. The systematic review results indicated that survey-based studies (83%) and experiment methods (17%) were prevalent in online IBB in S-commerce. The authors also noted that a majority of existing studies adopted stimulus-organism-response. In this study, the factors that influence online IBB in S-commerce were classified, and a causal-chain framework for online impulse buying was developed. Finally, the authors made recommendations for future research in this field.

This research paper investigates the significance of motivational factors to inspire teachers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The aims of this study are defined as the following: first to highlight the importance of motivation that has an inordinate character in encouraging teachers to teach successfully. Second, the significance of teaching with pleasure has an impact on students’ performances. This study involved a mixed-method approach and was conducted in two stages: first, the researcher gathered qualitative data by conducting individual interviews. Second, the researcher collected quantitative data by managing a questionnaire for students. To investigate this matter, an experimental study was conducted with the participation of 153 students from 5 colleges of 2 universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. 24 teachers were interviewed from 5 colleges and 2 universities in the same region. The findings exhibited in this study that the nature of motivational factors is sophisticated and it is a keystone for an effective teacher to obtain it effectively. In conclusion, the findings show that the motivational factors have more critical indicators of the literature reviews and descriptive methodology that is solid for data analysis.

The article describes the criterion characteristic of the stage-culture of the future teacher of music art, formed in the process of vocal training. The components, criteria and indicators of the defined quality are determined: the motivational-empathic component corresponds to the motivational-affective criterion (indicators: the need for formation of the stage-figurative culture of future specialists in the process of vocal preparation; formation of the ability to self-esteem own stage-shaped culture; degree of formation of value orientations); cognitive-cognitive component - cognitive-information criterion (indicators: presence of knowledge about the essence of stage-figurative culture; measure of possession of thesaurus on this problem; formation of ability to enrich knowledge of stage-figurative culture on an interdisciplinary basis); creative-activity component - activity-reflexive criterion (indicators: the degree of vocal skills of future music teachers; the degree of formation of the ability to identify the stage skills of future music teachers; the presence of interpretive skills in the future). On the basis of the defined criteria and indicators, the levels of formation of the stage-figurative culture of future music teachers in the process of vocal training were determined: low (reproductive), medium (sufficient) and high (creative). The course of the ascertaining stage of the experiment on revealing the state of formation of stage-figurative culture of future teachers of music art in the process of vocal training, which included two stages, is presented. In the first stage, diagnostic tools (author and adapted techniques) were analyzed and developed in order to identify the state of formation of the stage-culture of future music teachers. The second stage of the ascertainment experiment involved diagnostics of the formation of the stage-and-culture of future music teachers in the process of vocal preparation according to certain criteria, indicators and levels (350 future specialists participated in the ascertaining experiment). It has been found that the dominance of the reproductive level of the formation of the stage-culture of future music teachers is the lack of a step-by-step method of forming the defined quality. As a result of the ascertaining stage of the experimental work, it was found that the predominance of the predominantly low levels of stage-culture of future music teachers formed during the vocal training process is the absence of a consistent method of forming the defined quality. Accordingly, there was a need for its development and testing.

In order to overcome currency of dangerous cosmetics, medicines and foods, so that the eforts of the trackling need to be enhenced, from society, government institution and upholder of laws institution which in this case is BPOM. The aim of POM is to discovery, prevent and control products included to protect consuments safety and healthy. BPOM has national and international network linking and also authority of laws and has high professional credibilies. That's why this reaserch was aimed to find out an appropriate of laws strategy that could be taken by BPOM as institute which has authority to ward off and giving law protection for the consuments caused of the accurancy of dangerous cosmetics and food. Based on this research and it's discussion, that is the regulations of cosmetics products must be fulfilled as attached rules regarding of pasal 2 the judgement of BPOM RI no. HK.00.05.4.1745 about cosmetics, the purpose of BPOM Jambi in order to warding off dangerous cosmetics and food currency for healthy, is appliying two stages of control those are pre-market and post-market. As the eforts of post-market control, BPOM continouesly gives education to consuments through communication, information and aducation and also publish public warning to society if it's found dangerous cosmetics and foods, and increas the collaboration with related agency such as official of healthy and tha official of perindag so that the use of dangerous materials could be controlled. The control of cosmetics, medicines and foods (POM) comprehensively covering pre-market nad post-market evaluation and post-market control would be held routine and continously by BPOM. The effort of safety to protect society from currency of danggerous cosmetics and foods, had fulfilled the regulation of mutual rules and or safety and or benefits, and controling activity and safety afforementioned in the case of cismetics and food could be fulfilledz so that there were some eforts non pr ojustitia and pro justitia.

The impact of possible emission reduction policies designed to reduce port emissions in the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan was analyzed, focusing on ways to reduce air pollution from CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SOx generated by vessels, cranes, and truck tractors in the port. This paper was set up in two stages to determine how pollution reduction policies could reach the 2030 and in 2050 goals. The results showed that emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SOx could be reduced by 46%, 26%, 25%, 77%, 77%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in the first stage (in 2030, INDC), and by 57%, 59%, 53%, 79%, 79%, 80%, and 69%, respectively, in the second stage (in 2050, GGGRMA), as compared to 2005 data. This paper concludes as follows: (1) for vessels, the use of liquid natural gas is the best way to reduce GHGs when navigating by water; (2) for bridge cranes, electrification is the better policy during operation; (3) in the case of truck tractors, the generation of battery-electric power is the best way to reduce emissions. These policy proposals for improving air quality can be applied to all ports in Taiwan.

This article considers the issue of indirect methodological training of a foreign language teacher and the formation of the methodological creativity basis in foreign language classes at the university. The authors analyzed the existing research within the framework of the stated problem and found that the process of integrated students’ linguistic and methodological training at the university has psychological and pedagogical, socio-psychological, psycholinguistic and creative grounds. The experience of practical work allowed authors to identify some groups of difficulties that students have during their pedagogical practice. They include: difficulties of goal-setting, difficulties in achieving the goals of the lesson, difficulties in reflecting on their own activities. It is argued that their consideration and overcoming are possible due to the reliance on the didactic potential of foreign language classes. From this point of view, the formation of the students’ methodological competence takes place, on the one hand, and, the mastery of a foreign language as a means of communication, a means of teaching and a means of organizing pedagogical communication is realized on the other hand. Integrated linguistic and methodological training of future foreign language teachers is organized in two stages: reproductive and reproductive-creative. On the basis of the presented materials, the authors developed a four-staged technology for the formation of students’ methodological skills in foreign language classes.

This research explores player experience of virtual reality (VR) games through two stages of study. In both stages, we employed the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), a validated tool designed to evaluate player experience. In Stage 1, player experience of VR games was investigated via an online survey with 100 participants. We found that Audio-Visual Appeal, Immersion, and Ease of Control contributed most to player experience in VR games. We found no relationship between player experience and age, time spent playing, VR experience, or VR headset. Stage 2 used remote experimentation to compare VR and non-VR games with 10 participants. We found that differences in player experience can be explained by the Immersion, Progress Feedback, and Curiosity constructs of the PXI.

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for detecting community structures in networks. The approach is subject to modifying one of the connectivity-based community quality functions based on considering the impact that each community’s most influential node has on the other vertices. Utilizing the proposed quality measure, we devise an algorithm that aims to detect high-quality communities of a given network based on two stages: finding a promising initial solution using greedy methods and then refining the solutions in a local search manner.The performance of our algorithm has been evaluated on some standard real-world networks as well as on some artificial networks. The experimental results of the algorithm are reported and compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms. The experiments show that our approach is competitive with the other well-known techniques in the literature and even outperforms them. This approach can be used as a new community detection method in network analysis.

Very little is known about the legal firearm-owning community in Australia. This study explored the nature and response to firearm violations in Queensland courts. An integrated theoretical framework was used in exploring judicial characterisations of legal firearm owners. Consideration of the critical, intersectionality, and master status theories allowed for the influence of interacting and contradicting status characteristics to be explored. Sentencing transcripts (n=79) from firearm violation cases were analysed in two stages. The first stage employed an attributional analysis framework in analysing the entire dataset. A subset of the transcripts was then thematically analysed. Results indicate that (1) the nature of firearm violations are predominantly regulatory, (2) firearm-owners experience stigmatisation due to their firearm ownership and the onset of this stigmatisation can be traced back to the events of the Port Arthur Massacre, and (3) the broad societal stigmatisation of firearm-ownership is reflected and reiterated in judicial perceptions of firearm-owners. The second key finding was that the relationship between privileged and stigmatised identities was contingent, intersectional, and reflective of the pre-existing structural power dynamics. This study provides a more nuanced understanding about the influence of privilege on judicial decision-making and sentencing outcomes.

This article aims to explain the characteristics of al-Attas' Islamization. Since this idea was proposed for the first time by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas in 1977 at the World Conference of Muslims in Mecca, it has prompted Muslim scholars’s interesting to make proposals about how Islamization will be aplicated. For example, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi with the institution he leads IIIT, or Maurice Bucaille's approach model which is generally called ayatization . On the many proposals, it is important to explain the characteristics of al-Attas’ Islamization as the originator of this idea. This discussion will be carried out using a content analysis, such a method interpreting al-Attas' works on Islamization.in additional a comparative analysis (comparative method). The results of this study are: First, according to al-Attas, Islamization occurs in the soul. Second, there are two stages of the Islamization they are: (1) liberation from the traditional and secular worldview (2) incorporating key concepts of Islam. Third, If the Islamization occurs in the soul, and the soul is the location of knowledge seats, then, the Islamization is automatically leading to the Islamization of contemporary knowledge.

This study examines the relationship between financial distress and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure. We hypothesize that financially distressed firms are tempted to enhance ESG disclosure as it provides higher performance in terms of financial and market perspectives. ESG disclosure needs substantial resources, which financially distressed firms may not be able to provide. In Indonesian settings, we find that financially distressed firms have lower ESG disclosure quality than non-distressed firms. Our results are robust due to lagged variable, Heckman’s two stages, and coarsened exact matching regression showing consistent results. Furthermore, our results are consistent with three years of rolling windows of financial distress and all sections of ESG reporting, except the general information section. This study extends the scope of prior studies by focusing on firms’ eagerness to provide higher quality ESG disclosure, particularly distressed firms.

This chapter outlines two stages in the formation of a Christian eschatological tradition in Egypt: first, the diverse pre-fourth-century influences of Jewish apocalyptic tour traditions as well as native Egyptian traditions of the “Chaos-narrative”; second, new compositions in late antique (third- to seventh-century) Egypt concerning (a) individual judgement and the denizens of hell, and (b) signs of eschatological decline, deception and crisis in the land of Egypt. The manuscripts and fragments discussed show ongoing combinations of (and expansions upon) Egyptian and Jewish apocalyptic traditions in the service of formulating an Egyptian Christian eschatology. The main texts addressed include the Apocalypses of Peter and of Paul, the Apocalypse of Elijah, the Apocalypse of Zephaniah and the Testaments of Abraham and of Isaac.

Background Vaccination is the effective and long-term pharmacological solution to deal with COVID-19. Information technology (IT) and electronic immunization can be effective in accelerating and improving vaccine coverage. The aim of this paper is to develop multi-dimensional framework of e-health roadmap to response Covod-19 pandemic and examine the role of IT for improving vaccine distribution in Iran. Methods The study methodology was based on a two-stage Delphi method which included literature studies at the beginning. Key steps in creating a roadmap in this study include definition, development and evaluation. The initial conceptual model was developed after literature review. Proposed roadmap was reviewed and evaluated in two stages based on the Delphi method by experts in the fields of E-health. Results In the e-health roadmap model, 14 stages of vaccine distribution were presented in three phases of vaccination and then were determined the type of technology in each phase. The 4 conceptual models were approved based on the two stages Delphi approach in a survey of 14 e-health experts. In the second phase of the Delphi process, the selected items were sent back to the specialists to verification. Then e-health roadmap was confirmed by experts and was finalized the approved model. Conclusions The technology-based roadmap is one plan in the form of a transfer strategy that aligns goals with specific technical solutions and helps to meet them. This roadmap empowers decision makers to decide on alternative paths and achieve goals.

Objectives: to validate an instrument with criteria to evaluate the quality of calcium alginate wound dressings to treat skin injuries. Methods: methodological study, developed in two stages: the elaboration of criteria to evaluate the quality of the alginate wound dressing based on literature; validation of these criteria by a group of evaluators in two moments. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, central tendency measures and the Content Validity Index. Results: seven articles were selected, leading to the elaboration of 7 criteria and 11 expected results. The Content Validity Index was 0.98 in stage 1 and 0.93 in stage 2. After adjustments, 8 criteria were validated, and 13 results were expected. Final Considerations: the study allowed the validation of criteria to evaluate the quality of calcium alginate wound dressings, helping the nurses to choose with more autonomy and assertiveness. RESUMEN Objetivos: validar un instrumento con criterios para evaluación de la calidad de coberturas de alginato de calcio para tratamiento de herida cutánea. Métodos: estudio metodológico, desarrollado en dos etapas: elaboración de criterios para evaluación de la calidad de la cobertura de alginato basándose en la literatura; validación de esos criterios por grupo de jueces en dos momentos. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central e Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: seleccionaron 7 artículos que respaldaron la elaboración de 7 criterios y 11 resultados esperados. El Índice de Validez de Contenido fue 0,98 en la etapa 1 y 0,93 en la etapa 2. Después de ajustes, fueron validados 8 criterios y 13 resultados esperados. Consideraciones Finales: el estudio permitió validar criterios para evaluación de la calidad de las coberturas de alginato de calcio, encaminando la elección de los enfermeros con mayor autonomía y asertividad. RESUMO Objetivos: validar um instrumento com critérios para avaliação da qualidade de coberturas de alginato de cálcio para tratamento de ferida cutânea. Métodos: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em duas etapas: elaboração de critérios para avaliação da qualidade da cobertura de alginato baseando-se na literatura; validação desses critérios por grupo de juízes em dois momentos. Osdados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, medidas de tendência central e Índice de Validação de Conteúdo. Resultados: selecionaram-se 7 artigos que respaldaram a elaboração de 7 critérios e 11 resultados esperados. O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo foi 0,98 na etapa 1 e 0,93 na etapa 2. Após ajustes, foram validados 8 critérios e 13 resultados esperados. Considerações Finais: o estudo permitiu validar critérios para avaliação da qualidade das coberturas de alginato de cálcio, direcionando a escolha dos enfermeiros com maior autonomia e assertividade.