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The ratio of injection–production control area is an important aspect in evaluating the development effect and calculating oilfield development index. Conventional approaches to determine the ratio of injection–production control area neglect the heterogeneity of the reservoir and require long time simulating and a lot of complex iterations. This paper establishes a prediction formula to quickly determine the ratio of injection–production control area in triangle well pattern. A total of 410 sets of streamline models are built to acquire the database. Permeability, oil saturation, injection–production pressure drop and injector–producer spacing are selected as independent variables to establish the prediction formula by multivariate parametric regression. Based on error analysis and application, the accuracy of this prediction formula is approved. Results indicate that the prediction formula has a correlation coefficient R 2 of 0.96, representing a satisfactory performance. Normality and homoscedasticity tests and standardized residual diagnostics demonstrate the statistical significance of the results. The application of this prediction formula shows an excellent match between the predicted and actual injection–production area, which further confirms the accuracy of this prediction formula. The established prediction formula can effectively and accurately decide the ratio of injection–production control area for waterflooding reservoir.

Vocational skills competition reflects the requirements to the latest vocational skills in various industries and enterprises. As the propeller of the higher vocational education reform and development in the new period, vocational skills competition can promote the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges. The paper discusses the promoting function of vocational skills competition from the perspective of the specialized course teaching, teachers’ level, practice base construction, which will have an important value on the curriculum teaching reform in higher vocational colleges. Reform practice proves that the vocational skills competition plays a great role on the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges. Keywords—vocational skills competition; the teaching reform; higher vocational colleges

Under the conditions of intensive breeding, animal environmental welfare are not guaranteed, which will affect animals' health and the quality of animal products. Therefore, to effectively ensure the quality and safety of animal products, we should improve environmental welfare from microbial aerosols, ground and bedding materials, lighting, ventilation, ammonia consistence, temperature, density, noise etc. In the 1960s to 1970s, People began to pay attention to the animal welfare in intensive breeding , after livestock and poultry husbandry changed from extensive range to intensive animal husbandry.(1) People observe that the conditions of the animal welfare directly affect the productivity. Hence, it's crucial to take some management measures, especially attaching great importance to the research of animal feed, enhancing nutrition such as the improvement the feed industry level, the development of complete feed, and reducing the morbidity and mortality by targeted animal immunization, which realize the aim of enhancing economic efficiency to certain extent.(2) But generally speaking, animals' living environment, quality of life and behavior need are far from satisfied, and animal welfare haven't been improved fundamentally. Under the conditions of intensive livestock and poultry breeding, animal welfare are not guaranteed, which will affect the quality of the animals and animal products.(3) Therefore, in order to effectively ensure the high quality and safety of animal products, it is necessary to take measures to improve animal environmental welfare.