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This thesis is the result of a pastoral theology study for the liberation of women who are discriminated against and oppressed in Korean Christianity and churches, which are characterized as patriarchal, and restore their human rights. Most of the previous studies on women's oppression and discrimination so far started with the basic premise of the frame of ‘male who oppress women’, that is, ‘male vs. female’ sex confrontation structure. However, in this thesis, i studied the problem of women's oppression and discrimination in the church, not with the structure of gender confrontation, but with the frame of ‘ruler vs. victim’. Although many efforts have been made for the liberation of women in Korean Christianity and churches from the past to the present, discrimination and oppression against women in them still persists. This, of course, may be due to the misapplication of the methodology or the lack of a will to emancipate women. However, the cause of this problem may have been misdiagnosed from the start. That's why it is worth wondering at least once that this problem is not being solved. I thought that it was necessary to try to approach the cause of this problem from various dimensions, moving away from the simple ‘fixed structure of men and women’ on women's oppression and discrimination. One of them is the structure of ‘ruler vs. victim.’ I hope this thesis contributes to solving the problem of oppression and discrimination against women in the Korean Christianity and in the church.

The democratic role and authority of the news media rest on a basic premise of trust delegation, whereby citizens confide in the news media to provide sufficiently relevant and accurate information...

Objective The symmetry principle and the frame-of-reference perspective have each made contributions to improving the measurement of personality. Although each perspective is valuable in its own right, we argue that even greater improvement can be achieved through the combination of both. Therefore, the goal of the current article was to show the value of a combined lens-model and frame-of-reference perspective. Method We conducted a literature review to summarize relevant research findings that shed light on the interplay of both perspectives and developed an integrative model. Results Based on the literature review and on theoretical grounds, we argue that a basic premise of the frame-of-reference literature--that personality items are open to interpretation and allow individuals to impose their own contextual framings--should be considered from a symmetry perspective. Unintended context-specificity in items may "spread" to personality facets and domains, and thus, impact the symmetry of personality measures with other criteria. As the individuals ' frames-of-reference and (a)symmetric relationships are not always apparent, we term them as "hidden." Conclusions The proposed combination of lens-model and frame-of-reference perspectives provides further insights into current issues in personality research and uncovers important avenues for future research.

The totality of the universe – organic and inorganic matter, human and other-than-human organisms, swirls of stardust – is vital, vibrant, agential, interrelated, alive. This is the basic premise o...

The satisfaction of the students at university is in general interpreted as the happiness and contentment that students experience when their needs and expectations are fulfilled. This paper is aimed at understanding the factors that influence the students’ satisfaction using Kano model of customer satisfaction as the basic premise. The survey was conducted amongst 193 students studying at the private universities in Uttarakhand state. The results indicated that the key determinants of satisfaction for the students studying at the private universities included the qualified and knowledgeable faculty resources that private universities attract, and the world class infrastructure with state of the art technology for academic delivery. Only aspect that students have shown slight dissatisfaction towards was the cost of the program which is an important factor to be considered.

The authors want this book to serve as a kind of heresy against the language of leadership and how we think about authority and power at work. Its basic premise is that in contemporary culture, the...

Enthusiasts of Margaret Atwood’s theory that Canada views the United States through a one-way mirror will find the nine articles of this anthology challenging. Their basic premise is that the Canad...

This study aims at enhancing students’ writing exposition paragraph through collaboration by utilizing Google Docs and peer-review technique. Based on the findings in preliminary research, students got difficulties in writing. The subject of this research is the fourth semester students of English Study Program of Widya Dharma University Klaten. Data showed from the pre-test, the students’ skills in each writing aspects are still low, namely organization (62%), content (65%), syntax/grammar (61%), mechanics (57%), and vocabulary (66%). The techniques of collecting the data in this study are observation, interview, questionnaire, and test. The technique of analyzing the data is using interactive model analysis from Miles & Huberman for qualitative data and descriptive statistic for quantitative data. The results of the study show that there are significant improvement of students’ writing exposition paragraph viewed from mean scores of pre-test (63, 1), cycle I (68, 35), cycle II (73, 2), and cycle III (81, 55). The findings also present that teaching writing through collaboration by using peer review technique using Google Docs can improve the students’ analytical and critical thinking, self-confidence, and social relation; make students to be more active; and create meaningful learning of the class situation.

We explore how ideas and practices common in Bayesian modeling can be applied to help assess the quality of 3D protein structural models. As the word model is used in both Bayesian Statistics and Protein Science, throughout this article we deliberately use the word model to discuss statistical models and structure to discuss protein 3D models, thus avoiding potential confusions. The basic premise of our approach, is that the evaluation of a Bayesian statistical model’s fit may reveal aspects of the quality of a structure, when the fitted data are related to protein structural properties. Therefore, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical linear model to experimental and theoretical 13Cα Chemical Shifts. Then, we propose two complementary approaches for the evaluation of such fitting: 1) in terms of the expected differences between experimental and posterior predicted values; 2) in terms of the leave-one-out cross validation point-wise predictive accuracy. Finally, we present visualizations that can help interpret these evaluations. The analyses presented in this article are aimed to aid in detecting problematic residues in protein structures. The code developed for this work is available on: https://github.com/BIOS-IMASL/Hierarchical-Bayes-NMR-Validation.

In the development of smart car technologies, the perception and understanding on the vehicle’s surrounding environment is the basic premise for realizing car intelligence. Digital maps could be used in navigation, map-supported ADAS or autonomous driving with different requirements in each of the three applications. Through vehicle connectivity, cars could be inter-linked with each other, while algorithms make them think and act.

A premissa básica na qual se fundamenta o estudo feito da obra de João Ubaldo Ribeiro consiste em se reafirmar que o ser mulher bem como o ser homem são constructos apreendidos socialmente. A despeito das inúmeras disjunções temporais e espaciais, depreende-se do texto de Viva o Povo Brasileiro uma série de características marcadoras do aprendizado das feminilidades e masculinidades, que não apenas retratam a mulher e o homem no decorrer da construção da nação brasileira até a contemporaneidade no Brasil como no mundo, pelo menos ocidental. Desde os primórdios da cultura brasileira, a menina tem aprendido que ser mulher é saber cuidar de crianças, cozinhar, lavar, passar, cuidar da casa e do marido; ser mulher é adotar a postura do servir, do submeter-se, do obedecer ao pai, irmão, companheiro, etc.; é também ser dependente, passiva, dócil, carinhosa, gentil, paciente, emotiva, agradável e mais uma série interminável de ‘atributos’ tidos como femininos. O menino, por outro lado, aprende que ser homem é ter sob seu comando as experiências dos outros, especialmente das mulheres, é poder tomar decisões por todo um grupamento social como a família, é ser ativo, viril, corajoso, intransigente, forte, etc. Entretanto, associados à permanência de estereótipos distintos que atravessam a história da humanidade, com um ‘olhar de gênero’ vislumbra-se também em Viva o Povo Brasileiro a existência de rupturas em alguns papéis de gênero femininos e masculinos historicamente construídos, sem que, contudo, tenham sido traduzidas ao longo do tempo em mudanças significativas nas relações de poder entre homens e mulheres.

We conduct an experiment with a representative sample from the US to study households’ demand for macroeconomic information. Respondents who learn of a higher personal exposure to unemployment risk during recessions increase their demand for an expert forecast about the likelihood of a recession. Our findings are consistent with the basic premise of theories of rational inattention that demand for information depends on its expected benefit. Moreover, the fact that perceived risk exposure responds to information highlights frictions in households’ knowledge about the personal relevance of particular pieces of information. Our findings inform the modeling of information frictions in macroeconomics.

In this study I shall seek to demonstrate the basic premise of these chapters regarding the prevalence and impact of webs of violence. In this case, I show that a web of violence can exist in a primarily egalitarian culture such as the Western Dani in West Papua, Indonesia, as a social response to individuals who fail to participate in those activities that contribute to the common good of the members of that society. Punishment or control over such individuals is graded in severity according to the nature of the offense while at the same time seeking to control the adverse aspects of war and violence in their desire to pursue a state of relative peace.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente as narrativas Umbra, de Plinio Cabral e O Cacador de Androides, de Philip K. Dick, a luz da teoria ecofeminista. Com este proposito, sera analisada a presenca da natureza nas obras e a forma como ela e descrita enfatizando, sobretudo, um item comum as duas narrativas, que e a destruicao do meio-ambiente. De acordo com Greta Gaard (1993, p. 1), “ ecofeminism's basic premise is that the ideology which authorizes oppressions such as those based on race, class, gender, sexuality, physical abilities, and species is the same ideology which sanctions the oppression of nature” (1993, p. 1) . A semelhanca entre a mulher e a natureza deve-se tanto ao fato de ambas serem geradoras de vida, como tambem pela exploracao que ambas sao submetidas ao longo da historia. As distopias de Plinio Cabral e Dick sao construidas com base na acao subversiva e desregrada do homem em relacao a natureza, ao passo que a sociedade descrita nas obras sofre com as consequencias de seus atos. As narrativas em questao causam desconforto e estimulam a reflexao. A analise sera feita de modo a buscar pontos de convergencia e divergencia entre as obras. O foco da analise e buscar a reflexao sobre a ecologia feita pelos autores, a fim de enriquecer os estudos sobre o ecofeminismo na literatura. Palavras-chave : Ecofeminismo. Umbra. O cacador Androides. ABSTRACT The present work aims to comparatively analyze the narratives Umbra by Plinio Cabral and O Cacador de Androides by Philip K. Dick in the light of the ecofeminist theory. With this purpose, we will analyze the presence of nature in the works and how it is described, emphasizing, above all, an item common to both narratives, which is the destruction of the environment. According to Greta Gaard (1993, p. 1) "ecofeminism's basic premise is that the ideology which authorizes oppressions such as those based on race, class, gender, sexuality, physical abilities, and species is the same ideology which sanctions the oppression of nature". The similarity between woman and nature is due both to the fact that both are generative of life, but also because of the exploitation both of them have undergone throughout history. The dystopias of Plinio Cabral and Dick are constructed on the basis of the subversive and unruly action of man in relation to nature, whereas the society described in the works suffers with the consequences of his acts. The narratives in question cause discomfort and stimulate reflection. The analysis will be done in order to seek points of convergence and divergence between the works. The focus of the analysis is to seek the reflection on the ecology made by the authors, in order to enrich the studies on ecofeminism in the literature. Keywords : Ecofeminism. Umbra. O Cacador de Androides.

In his new book, Luck Egalitarianism, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen responds to challenges raised by social egalitarians against luck egalitarianism. Social egalitarianism is the view according to which a just society is one where people relate to each other as equals, while the basic premise of luck egalitarianism is that it is unfair if people are worse-off than others through no fault or choice of their own. Lippert-Rasmussen argues that the most important objections to luck egalitarianism made by social egalitarians can either be largely accommodated by luck egalitarians or lack the argumentative force that its proponents believe them to have. While Lippert-Rasmussen does offer a version of luck egalitarianism that seems to avoid some of the main lines of criticism, he mischaracterizes parts of both the form and the content of the disagreement, and thus ultimately misses the mark. In this paper, we provide a substantive, a methodological and a political defense of social egalitarianism by elaborating on this mischaracterization. More work must be done, we argue, if social egalitarianism is to be dismissed and its concerns genuinely incorporated in the luck egalitarian framework. Until this is done, the supposed theoretical superiority of luck egalitarianism remains contested.

The formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 remains a source of much debate among historians. The official announcement by the Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman, on 27 May 1961, urging a closer association of Malaya, Singapore and the three British-controlled Borneo territories is viewed by some studies as the trigger that led to the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. While this study recognizes that Tunku’s proposal of May 1961 was a catalyst to the formal negotiations, it shows through a closer scrutiny of Colonial Office documents that the idea of a super-federation or “grand design” had been gradually planted in the minds of the elites in Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo territories, particularly from the early 1950s and that these confidential discussions were crucial to the acceptance of the basic premise of such a grand federation. It argues further that Tunku’s suggestion of a broader federation to Lord Perth in June 1960 merely speeded up the formal discussions for the federation that was already being seriously considered at the time by Colonial Office and British officials in the Borneo territories and Singapore. Thus the new federation was not merely a result of ‘local developments’ in Southeast Asia, but was also a by-product of a concerted effort in the Colonial Office to create a broader entity in Southeast Asia. La formation de la Fédération de Malaisie en 1963 reste un sujet d’âpres débats parmi les historiens. D’après certaines études, c’est l’annonce officielle par le Premier ministre de Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman, le 27 Mai 1961, au cours de laquelle il exhorte à une association plus étroite entre Malaya, Singapore et les trois territoires de Bornéo sous contrôle britannique, qui est perçue comme le déclic conduisant à la formation de la Malaisie le 16 septembre 1963. Si la présente étude reconnaît que la proposition de Tunku de mai 1961 a été un catalyseur pour des négociations formelles, elle montre, grâce à l’examen minutieux des documents du Colonial Office, que l’idée d’une super-fédération ou de « grand design » a été inculquée graduellement dans les esprits des élites de Malaya, Singapore et des territoires de Bornéo, en particulier à partir du début des années 1950, et que ces discussions confidentielles ont été cruciales pour l’acceptation du fondement d’une telle grande fédération. Elle avance également que la suggestion d’une fédération élargie faite par Tunku à Lord Perth en juin 1960 n’a fait qu’accélérer les discussions formelles relatives à la fédération, qui était déjà sérieusement envisagée à l’époque par le Colonial Office et les officiels britanniques des territoires de Bornéo et de Singapore. Ainsi, la nouvelle fédération n’a pas résulté uniquement d’ ‘évolutions locales’ en Asie du Sud-Est, mais a dérivé d’une action concertée du Colonial Office pour créer une entité plus large en Asie du Sud-Est.

Democratically set ownership rights are the basic premise for a fully functioning liberal market economy. The restitution processes in the Czech Republic should have played an important role in rectifying the abuse of ownership rights during the period of the centrally-planned economy. Unfortunately, the asymmetries of the church restitutions, as the last process which should have been part of the rectification, i.e. the restoration of democratic ownership rights in the Czech Republic, became the catalyst for new injustices and grievances in relation to ordinary entitled persons to whom other restitution laws also applied. In light of the above, this article contains an analysis of the restitutions of agricultural and forest assets and an analysis of church restitutions. The results of these analyses are compared in order to confirm the hypothesis that church restitutions were given preference over ordinary entitled persons. The conclusion to the article shows this to be fully in accordance with basic economic theories.

The basic premise of William James' theory of emotions – that bodily changes lead to emotional feelings – ignited debate about the relative importance of bodily processes and cognitive appraisals in determining emotions. Similarly, theories of risk perception have been expanding to include emotional and physiological processes along with cognitive processes. Taking a closer look at The Principles of Psychology, this article examines how James' propositions support and extend current research on risk perception and decision making. Specifically, James (1) described emotional feelings and their related cognitions in ways similar to current dual processing models; (2) defended the proposition that emotions and their expressions serve useful and adaptive functions; (3) suggested that anticipating an emotion can trigger that emotion due to associations learned from past experiences; and (4) highlighted individual differences in emotional experiences that map on well with individual differences in risk-related decision making.

The term cosmeceutical is derived from a combination of ‘cosmetic' and ‘pharmaceutical', and indicates that active ingredients are present in a specific cosmetic product. These cosmeceuticals or cosmetic products have ingredients with medical or drug-like benefits. They are formulated to increase positive physiological effects at the cellular level in addition to enhancing the skin's appearance. Cosmeceutical applications using algae are rapidly growing because of increasing demands from customers. The basic premise is that novel bioactive substances from natural sources are safer and equally or more efficacious than artificial substances. These compounds should have highly effective and stable properties for therapeutic use with low potential toxicity. Recently, marine organisms have been demonstrated as rich sources of structurally diverse, biologically active compounds with extensive cosmeceutical potential. Numerous compounds have been isolated from marine organisms, and these compounds have ...

The basic premise of India’s new urban agenda rests on widespread application Information Technology (IT) tools to improve the quality of data infrastructure, services delivery and citizen interfac...

En este artículo se examina la influencia de las interacciones sociales en las percepciones sobre la tecnología empleada en la floricultura y sobre las posibilidades de adopción de tecnologías alternativas para tal fin en Zinacantán, Chiapas. Se parte de la premisa de que la tecnología es una construcción social, razón por la que se hace énfasis en conocer el papel constructivo de las interacciones sociales entre los principales actores involucrados en la floricultura. La metodología utilizada para realizar este estudio fue cualitativa: entrevistas y grupos de discusión con productores. Se efectuó un análisis de red social, encontrándose cómo se configura una percepción favorable hacia el uso de pesticidas industriales con el fin de obtener cosechas de flores aceptables para el mercado. No obstante, hombres y mujeres de las nuevas generaciones que se han erigido como agentes locales de cambio, están especializándose para encontrar distintas opciones tecnológicas que solucionen los problemas de la floricultura. Entre las acciones que se sugieren en este artículo está fortalecer la articulación de actores con intereses convergentes que promuevan diálogos y espacios de encuentro para hacer viable una floricultura sustentable.

The basic premise of Theatre of the Oppressed is the evident expression of its dialectical core: an examination that identifies society as being crossed by relations of oppression. Of course, the shift from oppressive relations, in a collective and historical sense, to relations of interaction between the oppressed and the oppressors is a focus of tension in Augusto Boal’s dramatic plays, particularly in Forum Theatre. For the dialectical method, knowledge is totalizing because it explores the movement of contradictions and because it seeks the specific mediations that constitute the fabric of each totality. The dialectical view apprehends the transforming reality, thinking essentially about its contradictions. The dialectical way of thinking inquires about reality not in search of an essence, but rather as a relationship between forces in motion. In reality, a dialectical dramaturgy would seek to maximize the unity existing between the particular and the universal, insofar as the former exists throughout the latter.

Flow as propounded by Csikszentmihalyi is an extraordinary phenomenon helping people maintaining all-encompassing performance ability often triggers curiosity of whether that particular phenomenon can be replicated time and again amongst all the humans. Well, the answer can be both a YES and a NO. In order to explore the phenomenon, we will explore the principles or laws of the universe and its functioning as propounded by Gurdjieff and draw assertions from the exploration to design applicable understanding in the nature of flow. The understanding of Gurdjieff was based on his search for the truth and the mysteries present within the mystic schools in the East. Much of the spiritual work is based on this basic premise that life propagates itself and the understanding of this phenomenon is self-evident to be propounded in the basic dogmatic revelations of the individual agenda. The fundamental truth about the expectation and reality dilemma about the performance scenario based on the interaction point of view with human and its capacities along with the environmental stimuli often brings around certain understanding about the capacities and performance ability in a certain environmental setup. This particular transcending phenomena and immersion and evolving in the process of working and making extraordinary revolutions in all the spheres of life has been a constant curious case to be solved and debated with the help of yoga, Zen, science, religion, mysticism, and occult culminating from various forms of old age and new age philosophical dimensions engulfed into the spiritual underpinnings. Transcending above one's own physical boundaries to take into to the cosmic vibrations and inculcate the energy field within one's own boundaries helping them to perform and replicate things in finest creativity levels often motivates to explore these phenomena into further details.

Assunto fondamentale del lavoro è che il componimento burlesco di Peire d’Alvernhe Chantarai d’aquestz trobadors venne ideato e congegnato dopo i festeggiamenti per le nozze (settembre 1170) di Alfonso VIII di Castiglia e di Eleonora d’Inghilterra, quando molti dei trovatori, giullari, performatori di disparata provenienza e di svariato spessore professionale accorsi nella penisola iberica per lo straordinario evento erano ancora in terra ultrapirenaica, trattenuti dalla generosa ospitalità del giovane re catalano-aragonese Alfonso II, appassionato di spettacoli leggeri, e dalla splendida accoglienza loro riservata dai grandi feudatari della regione. Tra questi occorre annoverare e porre in prima fila il conte d’Urgel, Ermengaldo VII, coniugato con Dolce, figlia del conte di Foix e cugina di AlfonsoII, solito organizzare assieme alla moglie «corti gaudiose» ad Agramunt. A poco più di due chilometri da tale località sorgeva il castello di Puigvert dove, come Peire d’Alvernhe fa sapere, andò per la prima volta in scena il suo recital. Nella stessa contea urgellese viveva ed operava, in base ai materiali documentari dissepolti, il piccolo signore di Ribas, Guglielmo, oggetto de-gli strali satirici di Peire nella sesta cobbola della beffa musicalcanora., The basic premise of this article is that the satirical poem of Peire d’Alvernhe Chantarai d’aquestz trobadors was conceived and developed after the celebration of the marriage of Alfonso VIII of Castile to Eleanor of England in September 1170. Many of the troubadours, court jesters, and performers (of varied origins and even more various levels of talent) who had gathered for the special event were still lingering in Iberia, lured by the generous invitation of the young king, Alfonso II (himself quite the fan of light entertainment) and by the gracious hospitality afforded them by the overlords of the land. Among these we would single out the Count of Urgel, Ermengaldus VII, and his wife Dulcia, daughter of the Count of Foix and cousin to Alfonso II, who together frequently sponsored «joyful courts» at Agramunt. Some two kilometers distant stood the castle of Puigvert, the site—so Peire d’Alvernhe informs us—of the first performance of his recital. Based on documentary evidence, we show that living and working in this same feudal territory was the nobleman Gullem de Ribas, object of the mocking jibes in the sixth strophe of Peire’s satirical composition.

It is widely understood that scarcity focuses people on “here and now” problems, causing myopic, impulsive decisions. Our work challenges this basic premise and asks whether scarcity can ever lead to increased patience. We suggest that existing work that has inadvertently conflated resource scarcity with threatened needs that are temporally proximal. By disaggregating the role of scarcity and the temporal proximity of needs, we demonstrate the novel finding that scarcity can increase preferences for larger, later outcomes. Three preregistered, incentive compatible experiments demonstrate that the relationship between scarcity and intertemporal choice is more complex than previously understood. In addition to demonstrating a reversal of typical intertemporal preferences under scarcity, our findings offer a new interpretation of existing findings and suggest that responses to scarcity may be more in line with standard economic theory than currently believed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of employability. It reviews and systematizes the two main current perspectives about employability, the individual and the critical. The individual perspective is dominant and currently determines the term; its basic premise is that an individual is responsible for his/her socio-professional career. By contrast, the critical perspective deconstructs the former concept and analyzes its role in maintaining the status quo. Design/methodology/approach Through a review of literature about employability this paper analyses the different conceptions and the consequences of the assumption of each perspective nowadays. Findings This paper provides an analytical framework of all the key elements involved in the notion of employability based upon the bioecological model (Bronfenbrenner and Morris, 2006). This model offers a vision that encompasses the different explanatory elements of the employability concept. Originality/value The ultimate goal of this paper is to rekindle the debate on employability and to do so, it is necessary to explore the origins of the concept, the contexts it affects, who it benefits and, conversely, who it jeopardizes.

This paper deals with the relationship between the real and the unreal in horror literature. Its basic premise is that the concept of evil in horror stories stems from liminal content which is the product of the authors' subjective experiences of reality. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of whether such conceptualizations of evil can be put into a certain socio-cultural context, or are they arbitrary seeing as they are rooted in the imagination of individual writers. In order to understand this dilemma, this paper focuses on the analysis of instructions for writing horror stories in the form of books, essays and forewords formulated by leading contemporary horror authors, which, among other things, consider the thematization of evil in horror prose.

B. Deniz Calis-Kural’s Sehrengiz, Urban Rituals and Deviant Sufi Mysticism in Ottoman Istanbul is the first book-length study in English to focus on the sehrengiz, sometimes translated as “city thriller”, a genre of Ottoman poetry that flourished between the early 16th and the early 18th centuries CE and that presents poetic descriptions partly of Ottoman cities such as Istanbul, Edirne, and Bursa, but primarily of various beautiful shop boys who live and work in those cities. The book promises to show how “sehrengiz poems were talking about urban rituals performed in city spaces … as a subtext for secret gatherings” (p. ix), specifically secret gatherings by members of the heterodox Melami-Bayrami Sufi sect, which was influenced by the thought of the philosopher and mystic Ibn ‘Arabi (1165– 1240). From this basic premise, the author claims that, through sehrengiz poetry, “marginal groups … emphasized the autonomy of the individual self and aimed at reconciling orthodox and heterodox worlds and thus their spaces and inhabitants in ideal spaces of Sufi imagination and real spaces of the city” (ibid.). This is a bold and provocative claim, but unfortunately it is one that the book as a whole fails to adequately support, as will be outlined below.

This study explores the role of knowledge access and peer influence as mechanisms by which networks may shape teacher self-efficacy. The basic premise is twofold: (a) that peer interaction provides opportunities to access teaching relevant knowledge and thus may reduce uncertainty and (b) that self-efficacy beliefs may be shaped by the efficacy beliefs of the peers one is directly connected to in the advice network. The results suggest that both mechanisms may shape teacher self-efficacy and that the quality of ties, rather than the quantity, may have a stronger influence on self-efficacy. These findings offer new insight into the potential ways in which social networks and collegial interaction influence teacher beliefs.

Bergman and Jean (2016) compare published industrial and organizational (I-O) literature with labor statistics, demonstrating an underrepresentation of “workers” (i.e., “wage earners, laborers, first-line personnel, freelancers, contract workers”) relative to managerial, professional, and executive positions. They note that one of four ways in which worker underrepresentation undermines the utility of I-O psychology research is that we could miss the role of worker status as a main effect on important variables and/or a moderator of key relationships, which could hinder understanding of important phenomena as they relate to workers. We applaud the emphasis on workers and agree with this basic premise.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a significant economic, segment of the national economy, primarily because of its entrepreneurial activity, but also because of its contribution to the raising of the overall level of competitiveness of the national economy, which has a positive impact on all fields of social life. In order to point out the importance of the development of the SME sector, this paper presents the results of the state and prospects of development of the SME sector in the Republic of Serbia. The basic premise of the research is that the SME sector is a particularly important factor in the economic development of Serbian economy, having a significant potential for further growth and development. In order to confirm the above assumptions, the research focuses on a consideration of the context of the economic space in Serbia in which growth and development of the SME sector occurs, within which analyses of key economic indicators of the Serbian economy were conducted, altogether with the competitiveness of Serbian economy, as web as of the current state of development of the SME sector in Serbia and the perspectives for the future development of SMEs in Serbia. Based on these analyses, the relevant facts are indicated in relation to the current development the SME sector, as well as to the facts that of determine its further development. There from, trends of the future development of the SME sector are forecasted, as web as the potential ways of future treatment of SME sector.

With the assistance of historian Richard Carrier, I have just published Jesus Did Not Exist: A Debate Among Atheists (2015), as a spiritual sequel to my earlier There Was No Jesus, There Is No God (2013). Unsurprisingly, I argue that – with the Christ of Faith already dismissed by mainstream secular scholars – it is very reasonable to doubt Jesus' historical existence. The basic premise of the book is to examine the arguments of four scholars who have recently published significant works about this controversial issue. What follows is a brief summary of these analyses.

To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of medium and small investors is the basic premise of the stable development of the capital market, and is a powerful driving force to promote the improvement of capital market. However, with the rapid development of China’s capital market, a series of major financial fraud cases of listed companies have occurred in succession. These events not only cause great negative impact on our country immature capital market, but also bring serious damage to the interests of medium and small investors. This paper takes the Kang Zhi pharmaceutical financial fraud case as an example, analyzing the root of the financial fraud and its impact on the interests of medium and small investors. Also, in order to improve the mechanism of corporate governance supervision, to improve the quality of intermediary, and to strengthen management of the capital market legal system, some suggestions are given.

Nesse artigo busca-se compreender os princípios da participação na forma de uma trama complexa, a partir do pensamento político e pedagógico de Paulo Freire. Indaga-se, entre outras questões, sobre as experiências históricas, direta ou indiretamente vivenciadas, que o influenciaram na incorporação da participação como premissa basilar de sua pedagogia. No campo das influências teóricas analisa-se a presença de autores/as identificados/as em sua obra, compreendendo as apropriações que Paulo Freire efetua e como as articula no dimensionamento da participação como democracia radical. As tramas da participação na pedagogia freireana fundamentam uma concepção de democracia que se manifesta como protagonismo histórico, como ação relacional-humanizadora e como prática de liberdade.

Some individuals had taken advantage of the institution and had come to depend more on charity than on their own efforts; thus the bureaux had, in some measure, contributed to the perpetuation of the problem rather than to its removal. Steps were taken to prevent ne'er-do-wells from being a charge on society, and those unable to fend for themselves through no fault of their own were afforded some measure of security. From the establishment of Royal government in New France in 1663 until the Conquest in 1760 the basic premise, not merely of royal policy but of all the social institutions—indeed the basic premise upon which society in New France rested—was individual and collective responsibility for the needs of all. When, in 1691, the Intendant Champigny advocated the abandonment of price regulation, claiming that only freedom from restraint could create abundance and with it lower prices,3 Louis XIV and the people of New France overruled him.

Introduction Superiorly-based pharyngeal flap (PF) is the most frequently employed surgical technique to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Bared posterior pharyngeal wall might prolong the period of convalescence with throat pain and discomfort. Delayed donor site healing problems and subsequent fibrosis with downward migration of the transposed flap might be one a cause of failure and might necessitate revision. Aim of the work To present a modified technique of PF aiming at dealing with the problems of donor site defects via immediate self-mucosal covering of the cephalic portion of the bed. Methods This case series study was conducted on patients with persistent VPI. All patients underwent the new modified technique of cephalic de-mucosalized pharyngeal flap (CDPF). The basic premise was to harvest a laterally-based mucosal flap from the upper part of the posterior pharyngeal wall. A superiorly-based pharyngeal flap (with a bared cephalic segment and a mucosalized caudal segment) was elevated off the posterior pharyngeal wall and inserted in the soft palate. Then the laterally-based mucosal flap was spread over the superior part of donor site of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Results 13 VPI patients were included in this study. Their age ranged from 5 to 12 years with a mean of 5.6 ± 1.2. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 14 months. All flaps and beds were completely healed within 2–3 weeks and no patients showed flap dehiscence, infection or palatal fistula. Postoperative speech assessment showed significant improvement of velopharyngeal function, resonance balance, and reduction in nasal emission. Conclusions The modified technique provides an immediate self-mucosa cover to the superior part of the posterior pharyngeal wall, thus it could promote primary healing at the donor site with a short period of convalescence. CDPF separates the two opposing raw surfaces of the flap and the posterior pharyngeal wall. The mucosal flap might guard against downward migration of the flap.

Patricia Highsmith and Alfred Hitchcock were kindred spirits in more than their mastery of suspense. This chapter examines a shared fascination with one of the definitive experiences of modernity: how modern life means co-existing with a mass of strangers who have alternative or mysterious motivations and personalities, and the effect this has on one’s perception of oneself, others, and the social world. Strangers on a Train’s basic premise enables Highsmith and Hitchcock to offer their contributions to the modernist tradition of exploring the thrills and dangers of urban modernity. The chapter considers how both of their versions explore two related ideas: how to understand the modern stranger in the age of mass travel and communications, and whether or not this understanding can be enhanced by grouping individual strangers into recognizable ‘types’, especially criminal or sexual categories.

It is widely accepted that habits are automatic. In turn, automaticity often has been taken as implying (a) a lack of use of resources, (b) inevitability, and (c) a lack of intentions. All three characteristics of automaticity create conceptual difficulties, at least in the context of habits. Inconvenient questions arise from a careful consideration of each of the implied characteristics habits are said to have, based on an acceptance of the basic premise that habits are automatic. Also of importance, there are underappreciated limitations of research that ostensibly supports the automaticity of habits. These pertain to dissociations, the measurement of behavioural intentions, a dependence on null hypothesis significance testing to draw conclusions, and the lack of validity of mediation analyses for testing real mediation.

The author has posited that reflective practices can be understood through different theoretical perspectives and engagement with the cited perspectives aims to make teaching practices more critical, enriching, and meaningful. This qualitative interpretive study explores teacher educators’ perception of reflective practices with the basic premise that teacher educators need to have a deep understanding of reflective practices to develop insights in pre-service teachers. Twenty teacher educators, who were teaching B. El. Ed, a teacher education programme of the University of Delhi, were selected on the basis of purposeful sampling. Three themes emerged from the data obtained through a semi-structured interview, representing the teacher educators’ perceptions of the level of their understanding, the challenges that they need to tackle, and the scope of improvement that is required in this area. The findings indicate that a majority of the teacher educators emphasized that reflection is related to the thinking processes, where one is re-thinking one’s own actions and experiences. Only two teacher educators visualized it as examining one’s own assumptions, beliefs, and knowledge, while contextualizing it in the socio-political domain. The teacher educators acknowledged the critical role of reflective practices in the growth of pre-service teachers as reflective practitioners.

Most of the voting procedures in the literature assume that voters have complete and transitive preferences over the alternatives. A basic premise is that any voter is able to evaluate any pair of alternatives in a set and select his/her preferred one, or indicate indifference between them. Nevertheless, some researchers have highlighted that voters, as humans, have limited capacity to deal with and consequently compare big sets of alternatives. In this paper, we propose the Random-Subset Voting, a voting procedure that through a random approach allows the voters to evaluate less alternatives. Instead of analyzing the entire set of alternatives, each voter will evaluate a random subset of a pre-determined size. We have proposed a theorem indicating that, for large sets of voters, the outcomes of traditional Borda and Random-Subset Borda converge. We have also implemented a web experiment and a Monte Carlo simulation in order to validate the proposed procedure and analyze how it behaves in several scenarios.

This paper is a preliminary study designed to scrutinize the way Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA), suggested by Poehner (2009), has been implemented in L2 classrooms regarding its basic premise: moving the group forward in its ZPD while benefiting individuals as well. Since the one-to-one interaction that characterizes DA framework represents an unrealistic model for classroom teachers who must manage classes of 15 to 30 learners, Poehner (2009) suggests the use of DA with groups of L2 learners rather than individuals and offers examples of two approaches to G-DA: concurrent and cumulative. However, the development of group ZPD cannot be easily traced in the presented approaches, and the process of shifting the activity from the individual to the group is not clarified either. To present a more realistic model of G-DA, this paper suggests the application of small group DA to L2 classrooms. To this end, it has initially delved into the concepts of 'group learning', 'group ZPD', and 'group DA'. Next, the areas of ambiguity in the two suggested approaches to G-DA have been identified. Finally, a less complicated model of classroom DA, namely small group DA is presented.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a contentious subject within healthcare, mostly surrounding disputes regarding the quality of evidence, versus the efficacy and fervently claimed beneficial effects by CAM practitioners. Healthcare in the past two decades has increasingly focused on well-being, with patients taking responsibility for their own lifestyle choices as opposed to the previous paternalistic doctrine. A primary concern in the UK is what appears to be almost total lack of regulation for both CAM practitioners and therapies. This chapter deals only with the ethics surrounding therapies considered to be 'complementary' as there is very little ethical support for denying conventional medicine and seeking 'alternative' therapies. Well-being, happiness and living a good life are expectations of modern society with a basic premise dating back to Aristotle. An open dialogue between patients and all the primary healthcare team (PHCT) is key to the future of the National Health Service (NHS).

Emerging Internet of Things represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of modern communication networks. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications having far reaching consequences for all aspects of human life. In particular Internet of Things revolution is transforming the modern connected healthcare. However, ubiquitous nature and increased autonomy of the IoT devices raise serious concerns about the ethical complicity of connected smart healthcare applications. In this paper we present a novel method to incorporate ethics in IoT driven connected smart healthcare so that the services provided do not unwittingly infringe on the ethical rights of its beneficiaries.

More than one hundred years after his death, the ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure have come back into vogue among theoretical linguists. The most ambitious Neo-Saussurean approach to grammar is the Sign Theory of Language (STL), developed by Denis Bouchard in his 2013 book The Nature and Origin of Language. The basic premise of STL is that ‘Language is the way it is because the conceptual and perceptual substances are the way they are’. I raise some issues around the STL that need to be addressed by this theory, in particular by pointing to two types of morphosyntactic generalizations that do not appear to be sign-based. I conclude with some speculations on the extent to which STL would have to be weakened in order to accommodate these problematic cases.

Experts speak of violence as a psychosocial disease generated in violent environments habituation caused by a lack of democratic consciousness. In this regard, violence is broached in this paper considering it as some kind of atmosphere, especially when it is spread in school. Our contribution includes this perspective and concludes, after analysing the broad outlines of some programs and anti-harassment guidelines, the solution relates to promote social harmony and it goes through a basic premise: both aggressors and assaulted must be aware of their duties and basic rights.

Ordoliberalism is a German economic and legal doctrine, in which ethics occupies a privileged place. The basic premise is the freedom and responsibility of human beings. In contrast, the starting point for considering ordoliberalism as a doctrine is the economic, social and political order. The most prominent representative of ordoliberalism was Walter Eucken. Achievements of this outstanding economist as well as other representatives of this school underlay the concept of the German social market economy and the EU competition policy. The aim of this article is to present the concept of Eucken’s competitive order and describe its philosophical and ethical foundation. The article relies on descriptive analysis and literature studies. Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship.

Ordoliberalism is a German economic and legal doctrine, in which ethics occupies a privileged place. The basic premise is the freedom and responsibility of human beings. In contrast, the starting point for considering ordoliberalism as a doctrine is the economic, social and political order. The most prominent representative of this doctrine was Walter Eucken. Achievements of this outstanding economist, and other representatives of this school underlay the concept of the German social market economy and EU competition policy. The aim of this article is to present the concept of Eucken’s competitive order and describe its philosophical and ethical foundation. The article uses the method of descriptive analysis and literaturę studies. The “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” is affiliated and co-financed by the Faculty of Economics and Sociology of the University of Lodz.

A basic premise of diffusion theories is that actors vary in their susceptibility to social influence and yet little is known about the nature and consequences of such heterogeneity in specific market domains. The present study examines variation in social influence with respect to academic research and citation accumulation. Based on theories of uncertainty, signaling, and legitimacy, the main hypothesis is that disciplinary outsiders are more likely than insiders to cite papers that are already highly cited. The empirical analysis, which spans six disciplines and 13 flagship journals, is based on over 800 articles and the 55,000+ citations they accumulate over a 20-year period. Each citation received is classified with respect to both its timing and the discipline from which it was sent. The results show that the effect of prior citation attention is greater for external citation accumulation even after controlling for the fact that externals adopt later on average than internals. Contrary to intuition, however, outsiders do not appear to uniformly exacerbate citation inequality. The broader implications of this study for diffusion and the sociology of science are discussed in the conclusion.

INTRODUCTION Albert Einstein is credited with saying, “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” Then in the 1980s, we watched as poor Bill Murray kept waking up to the very same day, very same activities, and same exact results in the comedy “Groundhog Day”. We challenge you to look at the process of design, delivery, and operations for our buildings. Are we all stuck in “insanity” or “Groundhog Day?” We keep doing things the same way and expecting different results. This article explores how the utilization of facility data from design to operations can not only break the paradigm of “insanity,” it can make our facilities more efficient and sustainable to construct and operate. Our basic premise is that if you do not have accurate “data” about your facility it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to operate your facility effectively.

The essence of sinicization of Marxism is to fully integrate its basic theory with the specific situation of the Chinese revolution, so that the ideological and political education theory production reflects the unique characteristics of China. Both the ideological and political theories put forward by Marx and the educational theories put forward by Engels and Lenin are the basic premise and theoretical source for the realization of their sinicization, providing the correct direction and opening up the road for the sinicization of Marxist theories. This article takes the China Marxism theory as the core to carry on the comprehensive analysis and the depth elaboration.