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Due to the high consumption of resources and energy in the construction sector, the development of resource-efficient and sustainable construction solutions is gaining increasing attention. The awareness of sustainability and resource conservation results in the interest of using natural and renewable materials in contemporary architecture. Timber construction methods offer both constructive and ecological potential for sustainable solutions. From a building physics perspective, the acoustic performance of lightweight buildings, such as those made of timber, presents a challenge. Even if standard requirements are met, the increased low-frequency sound transmission typical for light-weight construction can cause discomfort and is already the subject of questions in building physics, which are currently increasingly extending to timber construction. Within the framework of a holistic approach, this paper compares the problem of acoustic properties, design optimizations and the ecological properties of timber-frame and solid timber construction components. The comparison with heavy materials, such as concrete, shows the relation of acoustic optimization with the change of the environmental profile. In order to establish the interaction between acoustic quality of wooden ceiling constructions and their ecological characteristics, this article aims to demonstrate the potential of materials used in the building sector under ecological aspects considering a life cycle analysis., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Arkansas has been a popular place to study the effects of rate ceilings because of its exceptionally low interest rate ceiling. This paper examines the effects of the Arkansas rate ceiling on credit use by risky nonprime Arkansas consumers, which are especially vulnerable to credit rationing because of the low ceiling. We compare the level and composition of consumer debt of nonprime consumers in Arkansas with that of prime Arkansas consumers and also nonprime consumers in the neighboring states. We find that nonprime Arkansas consumers are less likely to have consumer debt and, conditional on having debt, have lower, but not much lower, levels of consumer debt than prime Arkansas consumers and nonprime consumers in neighboring states. Types of credit used by nonprime Arkansas consumers tend to differ from those of our comparison groups. Notable is much lower use of consumer finance loans, traditionally an important source of credit for higher risk consumers. This finding suggests rate-based rationing of risky consumers. Also notable is lower use of bank credit despite federal preemption of the rate ceiling for banks. This result is consistent with banks’ traditional avoidance of risky lending.

This paper examines young women university students’ expectations of gender inequalities in the workplace, drawing upon semi-structured interviews with 21 young women at three mid-high ranking univ...

Class may be the ultimate English taboo. Not long ago, the Labour Government minister John Prescott’s television documentary (2008) portrayed the UK as a country in which the very word was losing m...

The 492 Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, contain beautiful paintings dating back over 1500 years. Mogao Cave number 249 is especially stunning for its ceiling paintings of exploding volcanos, billowing smoke and steam, blue sky with white cloud racks, swans in flight, hunters riding horses, deer running amidst exploding volcanos, a pouncing tiger, a stalking lion, a prancing bull, a winged horse, men riding dragons, and human-dragon hybrids soaring through smoke and clouds. A distinct stylistic painting technique of repetition appears in the ceiling in different forms. In one form, a whole figure appears in multiple stages of one movement: for example, one man riding a dragon across the sky appears in three places on the same panel, on the same skyline, in succession; but the positions of the dragon’s wings and overall form and the surrounding clouds vary. In another form of the technique of repetition, one part of a body is repeated in successive overlaying images: for example, a human-dragon hybrid appears with nine heads fanned (like playing cards) along the back of the dragon, the whole head at the front of the dragon, and that head overlaying most of the one behind it, and that one then overlaying most of the one behind it, and so on, to the ninth along the back of the dragon. This same image (and the same technique) appears on two other ceiling panels, except that the number of heads is different in all three images, indicating that the dragon does not have multiple heads, but one and that its head is moving. The dragon’s head would not appear (to a viewer) to move in electric light (e.g., a cold light panel), but under firelight conditions of the time-period, the dragon would seem to strike like a viper; while the volcanos would explode and the horses run, the clouds racks race, and smoke and ash would billow. Mogao Cave 249 is ancient Chinese animated proto-cinema. Virtually the whole Dunhuang cave system is a vast complex of cinematic chambers.

In this paper I approach one of Smith's most discussed exceptions to the liberty principle. Numerous authors have treated the tension between Smith's endorsement of a ceiling on interest rates and his system of natural liberty. Almost all authors take Smith at face value. I argue that, given the religious underpinnings of usury policy and its firm standing in prevailing opinion, Smith wrote esoterically on the matter, in part to ensure that his works and his legacy would remain temperate, widely agreeable, and alive. One notable feature of Smith's esotericism is that as soon as he states his argument for the ceiling he subverts that argument by saying that under the regulatory ceiling lenders “universally prefer” “sober people” to “prodigals and projectors” and are able to discriminate accordingly, which leaves the discerning reader wondering why that wouldn't also be the case in the absence of any ceiling.

Seed systems research is central to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Improved varieties with promise for ending hunger, improving nutrition, and increasing livelihood security may be released, but how do they reach and benefit different types of farmers? Without widespread adoption the genetic gains achieved with improved crop varieties can never be actualized. Progress has been made toward demand responsive breeding, however the draft CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy fails to recognize the complexity of seed systems and thus presents a narrow vision for the future of seed systems research. This points to the lack of evidence-based dialogue between seed systems researchers and breeders. This perspective paper presents findings from an interdisciplinary group of more than 50 CGIAR scientists who used a suite of seed systems tools to identify four knowledge gaps and associated insights from work on the seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs), focusing on bananas (especially cooking bananas and plantains), cassava, potato, sweetpotato, and yam. We discuss the implications for thinking about and intervening in seed systems using a combined biophysical and socioeconomic perspective and how this can contribute to increased varietal adoption and benefits to farmers. The tools merit wider use, not only for the seed systems of VPCs, but for the seed of crops facing similar adoption challenges. We argue for deeper collaboration between seed systems researchers, breeders and national seed system stakeholders to address these and other knowledge gaps and generate the evidence and innovations needed to break through the 40% adoption ceiling for modern varieties, and ensure good quality seed once the new varieties have been adopted. Without this, the achievements of breeders may remain stuck in the seed delivery pipeline.

Ceiling lines were recently proposed to identify necessary conditions as constraints on the outcome in a scatterplot. However, these lines do not work very well on large data sets with random observation error. This paper suggests an alternate way of empirically assessing probabilistic necessary conditions in large and noisy data sets using sigmoidal activation functions, which describe the propensity of outcome at different levels of the independent variable.

The Restaurants are purposefully designed not only to dine in but also for recreation and satisfaction. The study is an assessment of lighting in restaurant qualitatively, based on observations and interviews. The lighting, in a restaurant named ‘Premier Family Dining', is observed and interviews were conducted with the restaurateur, restaurant manager, and several regular diners. In this paper, the lighting design of restaurants with reference to its aesthetics and function has been studied. The research shows that the lighting of the restaurant is used excessively for aesthetical purposes such as light coming from the ceiling, walls, pillars and floors, but with no control of voltage or intensity of light. Excessive use of light increases the expenses on electricity and creates blurriness. The lighting design needs a few alterations to bring the restaurant up to date and more functional than it is. These alterations did not require much of finance but they would bring a blooming change in the interiors of the restaurant.

The influence of mould fungus on pigments used in wall and ceiling décor on the example of the wooden church of Saint George in Ostropa. This research aimed to establish the change in colour of selected pigments used in polychrome due to the effects of Aspergillus niger. The research was conducted on the following pigments: cremnitz white, zinc white, vermilion, colcothar, chrome green, artificial ultramarine, burnt umber, carbon black, smalt, minium, azurite, Prussian blue and chalk. Measurements were taken using a colorimeter in the CIELAB colour space. The biggest change in colour was exhibited by artificial ultramarine, while the most stable in colour turned out to be minium. The smallest change in colour of dried samples was shown by burnt umber, while the biggest change was noted again for artificial ultramarine.

The photograph depicts a caged-in concrete walkway. Chain-link fences flank each of its sides. Some 12 feet upwards, they curve inwards towards each other and meet to form a ceiling, a gated canopy...

El techo del vestíbulo principal de la madrileña estación de Sol contiene una de las estructuras más peculiares de toda la red del metro de Madrid. Dentro del tipo de losas planas con nervaduras, al que pertenece, fue diseñado mediante una geometría totalmente original y sin precedentes conocidos. Terminada en 1987, su diseñador fue Félix Candela, y con ella realizó, dentro de su etapa de colaboración con la empresa de ingeniería TYPSA, una obra singular que lo es incluso dentro de su propia y reconocida trayectoria. El objeto de este trabajo es el análisis del diseño de la losa del techo del vestíbulo, con el propósito fundamental de revelar su geometría, poner de manifiesto las particulares propiedades de su dibujo y hacer algunas hipótesis sobre determinados aspectos constructivos relacionados con lo anterior.

ON 18 MARCH 1970, a former Japanese princess stood at the center of a cavernous domed structure on the outskirts of Osaka. With a small crowd of dignitaries, artists, engineers, and business executives looking on, she gracefully cut a ribbon that tethered a large red balloon to a ceremonial Shinto altar. Rumbles of thunder rolled out from speakers hidden in the ceiling. As the balloon slowly floated upward, it appeared to meet itself in mid-air, reflecting off the massive spherical mirror that covered the walls and ceiling.

The following work has shown the analyses carried out in order to clarify facts necessary to understand the phenomenon of the perspective representation in the works of art in Renaissanse and late Baroque. A lot of misunderstandings have arisen on the grounds of critical work made by many theoreticians and art historians. The aim of this work was to stipulate the reasons for the conceptual and methodological fallacies. Having evaluated the methods used by illusionistic ceiling painters of late Baroque, it was possible to conduct some geometric analyses of the paintings placed on the vault of the Leopoldine Hall at the University of Wrocław.

As part of an investigation of the use of geometric painting on ceilings in late-antique Egypt, this article will focus on the evidence found in a 4th-c. A.D. church at the polis of Trimithis (Amheida), located in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt‘s Western Desert. Excavation in 2012-13 as part of a project directed by R. S. Bagnall highlighted the church‘s rôle for both cult and burials. Thousands of fragments of painted plaster, part of the church‘s collapsed flat ceiling, revealed a wide array of interlocked geometrical shapes in vivid colors, creating a visually dramatic contrast with the church‘s seemingly white walls. The polychrome decoration was probably meant to replicate the effect of a coffered ceiling. Similar geometric schemes are found elsewhere in the Western Desert in both domestic and funerary contexts, and there is evidence of other Egyptian Early Christian churches that had flat ceilings, but a flat roof with painted geometric decoration in the context of an Early Christian church is thus far unattested elsewhere in Egypt. This article will highlight the popularity and longevity of this decorative style in Egypt throughout the Roman period and well into late antiquity and will point to similarities between this type of ceiling decoration and Alexandrian models of the Ptolemaic period, as well as mosaic designs found throughout Mediterranean lands.

No seculo XXI, a busca por profissoes mais prestigiosas por meio da obtencao de diplomas universitarios se coloca como perspectiva de ascensao a um patamar mais alto na pirâmide social. Mas sera que essa e uma possibilidade real para todos? E sera que a entrada para as classes mais altas esta aberta a quem possui uma educacao universitaria ou e necessario algo mais? Em The class ceiling: why it pays to be privileged, os sociologos Sam Friedman e Daniel Laurison abordam essas questoes a partir...

In the 17th and 18th century reproductive prints were one of the main mediators of artistic solutions and played a key role in the creation of ceiling paintings. This article discusses their use in three monumental frescoes in the Palais Attems in Graz, made by Franz Carl Remp (1674–1718) between 1705 and 1711, for Ignaz Maria Count Attems (1652–1732). All three frescoes testify of Remp’s use of reproductive prints made after works by Italian painters Pie- tro da Cortona (1596–1669) and Annibale Carracci (1560–1609). In some cases, Remp’s scenes are almost identical copies of depictions in reproductive prints, while sometimes they served as a compositional template or source for motifs, which he combined with other visual sources creating a whole new iconographic message.

The ceiling decoration of the Great Hall of Brežice Castle was executed for the Attems family by the painter Franz Carl Remp in 1702–1703. Its form had most probably been inspired by an engraving, reproducing the fresco by Pietro da Cortona in the hall of the Palazzo Barberini in Rome. During the 17th century, many engravings of various motifs and types were used as models for monumental paintings in Central Europe. However, it was above all graphic reproductions of famous ceiling paintings in different artistic centres in Italy which inspired the qualitative turn of Central European ceiling painting around 1700.

Community workers are the mainstay of community governance, and the key to building a team of community workers lies in the formulation and improvement of policies related to community and team construction. At present, community workers are facing a "ceiling" for career development, which will not only affect the stability of the community workforce, but also the effectiveness of community governance. In this regard, Chengdu Municipality issued the Chengdu Community Full-time Workers Management Method in 2018. Based on the analysis of the policies on the construction of community workers in Chengdu, the author will propose possible problems in the relevant policies in terms of remuneration, education and training, career promotion and assessment and evaluation, and put forward a few thoughts on improving the policies to further ensure that community workers have more room for career development and promote the effectiveness of community governance. This will further ensure that community workers have more room for career development and promote the construction and development of the community workforce.

Buxton Crescent is an architecturally and historically significant Grade I listed building, which is situated in the heart of Derbyshire, UK. The crescent was designed by John Carr, and constructed...

The development of the tourism industry in Indonesia needs to be supported by appropriate facilities and infrastructure. Hotel as one of the supporting tourism in Indonesia has to be properly expanded. According to the data from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the occupancy rate of star-rated hotels continues to increase over time. One of the factors affecting the customer's decision in choosing a hotel is its interior design. Interior elements consist of floor, wall, ceiling, and furniture. The wall element is one of the interior elements that are attractive to visitors. To find out the perception of hotel visitors, the author surveyed five three-star hotels in Jakarta. The five hotels are Maxone hotel in Matraman, Yellow Hotel in Harmoni, Lynt Hotel in Gambir, Park 5 Hotel and Swissbellinn both are located in Simatupang. The method used in this study is a mixed-method with a visual perception approach in the form of direct interviews and distributed questionnaires to 40 respondents. The results of the research show that several wall criteria of the hotel that are suitable for visitors among others are: bright wall colors and walls with soothing color schemes. Keywords: Guest’s preferences, hotel rooms, visual perception, wall design

The Rijksmuseum has in its collection an oil sketch by Jacob de Wit (1695-1754) of a design for a ceiling painting. This ceiling painting – The Apotheosis of Aeneas – was commissioned by Pieter Pels (1668-1739) for his house at number 479 Herengracht, Amsterdam. The present article identifies the room for which the work was made. The ceiling painting proves to have been part of a larger painted ensemble by Jacob de Wit and the landscape painter Isaac de Moucheron (1667-1744). On the basis of De Wit’s sketches, records in the archives and research on site, a picture of the way this painted room looked in Pels’s day is built up. The later fortunes of the room are also explored. At the end of the nineteenth century the ceiling painting was replaced by another one, also by De Wit. As a result of this very curious switch, the present ceiling painting is no longer an original whole, but a composite hybrid. All the other interior paintings vanished from the room long ago. Three of them, a chimney-piece and two overdoors by De Wit, have been traced to Russia. Three previously unknown paintings have now been added to the artist’s oeuvre.

This study analyzes the impact of a legislation introduced in Chile in 2013, which gradually reduced the maximum legal interest rate for consumer loans from 54% to 36%. Using a representative sample of households that matches survey data and banking loan records, I compare consumers with risk-adjusted interest rates slightly above and slightly below the legal interest rate ceiling, two groups of similar characteristics but who are differently affected by the law. After accounting for both macroeconomic shocks and unobserved household heterogeneity, the results show that being above the interest rate cap reduces the probability of credit access by 8.7% on average. A counterfactual exercise shows that the new legislation excluded 9.7% of the borrowers from banking consumer loans. The law’s impact was strongest on the youngest, least educated and poorest families. Finally, I show that the new law affected all lenders of consumer loans in Chile, not just banks.

Despite the long history of stand-up comedy in popular culture, there has been little sociological attention to the “cultural work” of stand-up. Engaging the sociological imagination, comedy has th...

Via a discussion of public debates surrounding the potential minting of a trillion dollar platinum coin in the context of the American debt ceiling crises of 2011 and 2013, this essay seeks...

The 2006 book by Branko Mitrovic and Stephen R. Wassell, Andrea Palladio: Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese, which was based on a 2003 survey as well as supplementary measurements made in 2004, contains analyses that suggest several potential aspects of Palladio’s design methodology for the villa. This present paper offers additional analyses, based not only on the previous data but also on subsequent measurements that the author took of column diminution as well as the ceiling heights of the main hall and the upper-story hall of the villa.

 Abstract The problem that arise in female patients who diagnosed with positive HIV is their adjustment in physical dan psychological health condition, also stigma from the environment. Acceptance of illness has a significant influence on change in the psychological condition of patient, including being used to the limitations and dependence on other people due to their illness. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to increase acceptance of illness. This study used the one group pretest-posttest design involved three respondents who had signed an informed consent. Instrument of this study used Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ) developed by Boer et al. (2014). Data obtained were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed that the intervention using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) therapy was not significant for increasing acceptance of illness in female patients diagnosed with HIV (p = 0.109). Even so there was an increase in acceptance of illness scores of female patients with Positive HIV. Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), acceptance of illness, and female diagnosed with positive HIV Abstrak Permasalahan yang muncul pada pasien perempuan dengan diagnosis positif HIV adalah penyesuaian terhadap kondisi kesehatan fisik dan psikologis pribadi serta stigma dari lingkungan. Penerimaan terhadap penyakit (acceptance of illness) mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap kondisi psikologis pasien, termasuk menjadi terbiasa dengan keterbatasan dan ketergantungan pada orang lain karena penyakit yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) untuk meningkatkan acceptance of illness. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain the one group pretest-posttest design untuk tiga subjek yang telah menandatangani informed consent. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan alat ukur Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ) yang dikembangkan ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1007/s12529-013-9312-3", "ISBN" : "1070-5503", "ISSN" : "15327558", "PMID" : "23645551", "abstract" : "Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encounter many (gradual) losses due to their disease, which trigger a grieving process. This process is characterized by stages of denial, resistance, sorrow, and acceptance. Purpose: This study examined whether these stages are conceptually distinct and whether the Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ) can validly and reliably measure these stages in three samples of patients with COPD in the Netherlands. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on 145 outpatients with moderate to severe COPD. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on 303 outpatients with mild to very severe COPD and 127 patients entering an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Furthermore, internal reliability, construct validity, sensitivity to change, and floor and ceiling effects were examined. Results: EFA yielded a four-factor solution that explained 73.2 % of variance. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a good fit of the four-factor structure in all study samples. Cronbach\u2019s alpha reliability coefficients were .79 or higher. Subscales showed to be sensitive to change. Conclusions: Four distinct stages of grief are recognized in COPD. The ADIQ is a valid and reliable instrument to measure these stages: denial, resistance, sorrow, and acceptance. Measuring the stages of grieving is important for disease management: addressing patients with a specific therapeutic approach for the stage they are in could help to motivate patients to engage in self-management and change their lifestyle. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). 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(2014) . Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik non-parametric Wilcoxon. Hasil analisis data statistik menunjukan bahwa intervensi menggunakan terapi Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) tidak signifikan untuk meningkatkan acceptance of illness pada pasien perempuan yang didiagnosis positif HIV (p=0.109). Meski demikian terjadi peningkatan skor acceptance of illness pasien perempuan dengan HIV Positif. Kata Kunci: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), acceptance of illness dan Perempuan dengan diagnosis positif HIV

Empowerment of women has set on fire an awakening in women in which they have started to set their seats at the top of the table. In this age and time, there are more women in boardroom tables and even in the political arena than ever before. Women have become determined to push through the glass ceiling, and there are significant milestones that have been achieved in different fields that women have set their eyes on. The glass ceiling, however, just like a dark cloud still hovers over women and hinders their success. This paper is informed by the World Economic Forum report of 2017 which states that women have closed gender gaps in health and education areas. However, inequalities still burgeon in the workplace and also in politics. This paper aims to provide an introduction that discusses the concept of the glass ceiling, the reasons as to why the glass ceiling still exists in the workplace and politics, and the ways women can shatter the glass ceiling in finding their freedom that has no cloud of inhibitions. This paper concludes that women need support from other women, from organisations, from men and the society at large to shatter the glass ceiling or at least make cracks on the ceiling.

St George’s Hall, Liverpool, UK, is about 170 years old and is described as an outstanding building. During construction, however, doubts were expressed about its structural integrity, particularly relating to the masonry arch. The 20 m wide arch is constructed from tube-like bricks placed as headers only one brick thick at the crown. Making the bricks hollow reduced the weight of the arch and allowed air to flow from the hall into the roof space as part of the air-conditioning system. In none of the references quoted was a description found of the basis of the design or proofs to demonstrate that the arch was stable. Rawlinson, the civil engineer, privately published correspondence between himself and Elmes, the architect, to show their belief in the building construction. A crude assessment indicates possible admissible load paths. Further searches and investigation would provide a more informative statement on the structural integrity of the arch.

The presence of chemicals in laboratories and research centers exposes the staff working at such indoor environment to health risks. In this piece of research, a study was performed on the indoor environment of the Center for Environmental Engineering Research at Sahand University of Technology (Tabriz, Iran). For this purpose, the parameters affecting the dispersion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including ventilation rate, room temperature, pollution emission time, venting location, air flow regime within the indoor environment, and the number of vents, were simulated via CFD modeling. The CFD modeling was performed three-dimensionally in unsteady state. In case of turbulent flow within the indoor environment, k-ε turbulence model was used to obtain air velocity profile. Experimental data was used to validate the model. Results of the present research showed that when the venting location is on the ceiling, pollution concentration of 25 ppm can be achieved at some low temperature under a particular set of conditions. However, when the venting location was on the walls close to the pollution source, concentrations as low as 5 ppm and lower were observed within the laboratory indoor environment.

After years of promoting gender equality and diversity, women in academia are still failing to break the glass ceiling. The gap is, however, getting smaller, and increasingly, there are many programs within universities that offer strategies to develop academic women into leaders who have a profound impact in their institutions, communities, and wider society. This chapter presents examples of strategies – such as mentoring and sponsorship (Hardiman), finding an authentic and moral voice (Howell), teaching as an international academic (Mateo-Babiano), and leadership (Mahat) – through stories from women academics who are currently navigating the complex world of academia. These stories and strategies provide opportunities for other women to reflect about how they invest in themselves and transform the way they lead, influence, and innovate in challenging academic contexts.

For months we have been locked out of Junkspace. So, who’s complaining? Confined to domestic spaces, #stayhome has given many of us a forced opportunity to rethink the type of spaces that are not only functional and useful, but that make us feel comfortable. Our own residential arena may have felt restrictive and even – for some – oppressive at times, but who would say that they truly missed their daily passage through the endlessly stale air of check-in desks, departure gates, and duty frees at the airport; the epic journeys through low ceiling corridors and passageways of railway terminals and subway stations; and the blinding hallucinatory proliferation of brands and franchises in malls…?

In this preliminary study, it is shown that in Japanese Zen-style 禅宗様 structures, their roofs can be divided into five different structural types: Kōzanji Buddha Hall-style 功山寺仏殿型; Eihojikanondō-style 永保寺観音堂型; Ankokujikyōzō-Saionji Buddha Hall-style 安国寺経蔵 − 最恩寺仏殿型; Fusaiji Buddha Hall-style 普済寺仏殿型 and Engakuji Buddha Hall (ancient figure)-style 円覚寺仏殿 (古図) 型. All of these five types can be very similar to the structures found in the Liangzhe area in China but none of these is exactly the same. The roof structure and the ceiling under it is the most important difference. This paper aims to analyze and classify the roof structures found in Zen-style Buddha halls. It begins by introducing the structural types of this style; secondly, it classifies the roof structures by their construction principles; finally, it observes the relationships among structural types and roof frameworks.

Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the preliminary effects of collaborative learning and simulation on readiness to engage in and attitudes toward future interprofessional learning activities. We translated into Norwegian and validated the original Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) (part 1) to measure the efficacy and feasibility of a structured collaborative learning activity (part 2). Materials and methods Undergraduate social and health care professional students from five Norwegian universities (n = 307) participated in the validation stage of this study (part 1). A Norwegian version of the RIPLS was developed using forward and backward translation. An expert panel discussed discrepancies between the translations and professional concepts. We planned to conduct a principal component analysis to evaluate the structure, reliability, and internal consistency of the Norwegian version of the RIPLS, after investigating the skewness, kurtosis, and range of items included. One hundred fifty students participated in collaborative learning activities; 72 (48%) of these individuals answered the translated RIPLS questionnaire. Results We found a substantial ceiling effect in the majority of items in the RIPLS, making it difficult to use the instrument as a measure of change. We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of the collaborative activities based on the changes in the single items that had sufficient univariate normality and ultimately confirmed positive changes in two of these items. Conclusion Norwegian students appear ready for interprofessional learning; however, due to significant ceiling effects, the majority of items in the RIPLS no longer seem suitable for measuring and evaluating the effects of interprofessional learning (part 1). Single-item analysis revealed a potential effect of collaborative learning (part 2). A new questionnaire is needed where readiness is instead understood as self-efficacy in areas such as role awareness and interprofessional communication. Researchers should be aware that even previously validated questionnaires may lose their applicability over time and require revision. Demands for interprofessional learning and practice are continuously evolving, and evaluation methods should be adjusted accordingly.

v Chapter 1: “Texts are the primary medium of power” 1 Chapter 2: Ruling Relations 33 Chapter 3: Ceiling Makers 53 Chapter 4: Glass Breakers 87 Chapter 5: A radical liberal feminism for engineering education 121 Bibliography 141

There is no good economic or moral rationale for the idea of “equal pay for all.” Economically, equal pay would destroy the incentive-producing and information-conveying role of prices in the labor market, leading to catastrophic misallocations of labor and dire consequences for human welfare. And morally, equal pay would severely restrict human liberty without advancing any worthwhile egalitarian goal. A more sensible policy is an equal minimum income. Such a “basic income” scheme would provide a safety net below which no one would be allowed to fall, but above which they would be permitted (and incentivized) to climb through their own efforts. It would guarantee sufficiency without guaranteeing equality, and would avoid the distorting effects on the labor market entailed by equal pay.

Introduction: The achievements of happiness at work have been so significant and effective that it has convinced many organizations to mention the applications of happiness at work as a new and efficient approach to create a sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. It is essential to examine the factors that increase happiness. This research aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the happiness among the ceiling cranes staff of Isfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company. Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 120 randomly selected employees of Mobarakeh Steel ceiling cranes. To measure variables used, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the NEO Personality, Walton's Quality of Work Life, General Health, and Demographic Questionnaires. Data analysis used the Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), stepwise & moderated regression analysis. Results: The findings showed a significant positive relationship between employee happiness and extraversion and a significant negative relationship between employee happiness and neuroticism (p

Scholars who study hiring and inequality often focus on low-skill, low-wage labor markets. As inequality is driven by both marginalization and privilege, my dissertation complements prior studies by examining the hiring process of large technology companies (e.g., Google, Microsoft, and Facebook). Through a two-year mixed-methods study involving evaluators and applicants, my research illuminates whether and how social class background shapes evaluators? assessments and applicants? preparation and self-presentation strategies. In alignment with ongoing efforts to broaden participation in the technology industry, this study provides strategies for evaluators to enact inclusive hiring practices and ways for applicants to navigate the hiring process.

This article reports on a study that explored what it means to be a mature-age Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander university graduate in the context of age, life-stage, history, culture, socioeconomic status, race and place. Using narrative interview data and fieldwork observation, we focus on the graduates’ workplace experiences and take a case study approach to amplify their voices. We argue that the data challenges the ideological construct of Australia as a ‘post-racial’ society and illustrates how interrelated variants of structural racism function to sanction, silence and control educated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, divide communities into quasi-hierarchies, and sustain white power and privilege. We show how these variants are expressed as low expectations, shadeism, culturism and privilege protectionism, and argue that their enactment can erect an invisible barrier to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander professional progression: a ‘white ceiling’ above which many graduates struggle to ascend.

The United Kingdom has just one percent of the world’s population but is the largest exporter of books in the world. As a thriving creative industry, UK publishing also makes a significant indirect economic contribution to the British economy via immediately adjacent sectors including retail, printing and marketing. However, the under-representation of British working class writers in UK publishing has been identified as a major social and economic challenge by both the publishing industry and the British government. In 2018, Arts Council England funded the first ever writing development programme for British working class writers that aimed to address this imbalance. This article assesses for the first time the impact of this unique initiative on both creatives and the creative industry in the UK, as well as on wider awareness of the presence and impact of the class ceiling in UK publishing.