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Recent literature calls for more research on the context and drivers of information use, and how this affects the information-seeking behaviour of politicians. This article addresses this gap by exploring antecedents of politicians’ accounting and other types of information use. It looks at parliamentary debates in the Dutch central government linked to the budget cycle—how accounting information is balanced with other sources of information. Political roles (for example being member of a coalition or opposition party, or being a party’s financial spokesperson), as well as personal characteristics (age and experience), were found to have an impact on the extent of accounting and other types of information use.

We examine whether the extent of financial statement disaggregation affects the pricing of audit engagements in the United States. We hypothesize and find that auditors assess higher engagement risk and charge higher audit fees for clients with more disaggregated financial statements. We also find that these higher audit fees are not the result of either increased auditor effort to mitigate detection risk or heightened inherent and control risks reflected in lower financial reporting quality. Instead, we document that greater financial statement disaggregation is positively associated with litigation risk. This result suggests that higher audit fees arise out of auditors' assessments of heightened client and auditor business risks associated with litigation. While financial statement disaggregation may have beneficial effects on the quality of financial information, we document that financial statement disaggregation can impose costs on firms in terms of higher audit fees and a higher likelihood of litigation. Our study informs standard setters, firms and auditors as they debate the costs, benefits and extent of disaggregation to be presented in financial statements. Ministry of Education (MOE) Kevin Koh and Yen H. Tong acknowledge funding support fromthe Ministry of Education, Singapore (RG64/19)

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the sensitivity in terms of the preference for using the integrated reporting quality (IRQ) based on the reporting companies’ field of activity. The study focusses on designing a sensitivity analysis relying on the most relevant financial and nonfinancial indicators as required by the stakeholders. They were adjusted by the key factors for the IRQ such as the social, natural, human and intellectual capital. The study has been designed based on the upgrade and in compliance with the connectivity principle as required by the IIRC. The data was collected from the IR examples Database between 2015–2017. The results suggest that based on sensitivity function value, those sectors of activity such as transportation and infrastructure, services and trade have a higher sensitivity preference for the IR due to the quantification of the stakeholders’ interest in terms of performance positive trend indexes. Making use of regressive techniques, the authors undertook an econometrical model for the evaluation of the IRQ that may become very useful for those companies that intend to set in place a sustainable business as it provides them the opportunity of measuring the IRQ.

Esta investigación reveló la incidencia que tiene la aplicación del Control Interno en las diversas áreas de las entidades, sean estas privadas, públicas, anónimas, federaciones, compañías o sociedades; considerando, que su aplicación asegura que las actividades de una entidad se desarrollen eficazmente. Esta investigación tuvo el propósito de analizar minuciosamente el control efectuado por los miembros de la administración de FEDESOMEC e identificar puntos críticos que afectan el normal funcionamiento de la federación, además se determinó los factores de riesgo que inciden en la generación de información financiera y el cumplimiento de los indicadores de eficiencia, eficacia y economía, que influye en la toma de decisiones. La metodología que se aplicó es de carácter explicativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, las técnicas de investigación tales como la entrevista y encuesta; la entrevista se realizó al presidente nacional, contadora general y secretaria; la encuesta se la realizó a la totalidad de la población, y la observación directa se la ejecutará en todos los departamentos existentes en la entidad. Se espera que los resultados que se obtengan sobre el control interno incidente en la información financiera reflejen debilidades notables en los procedimientos. El sistema de control Interno Contable comprendido brinda muchos beneficios para FEDESOMEC un plan de organización, políticas, confiabilidad de los registros e información financieros, manuales de funciones, procedimientos; las operaciones se ejecuten de acuerdo con la autorización general o específica de la administración, donde se registren las operaciones como sean necesarias para permitir la mejor toma de decisiones en base a una información razonable.

Sukoharjo State Vocational High School is one of the SMK in Pringsewu Regency. This vocational school is located on Jalan Wiyata No. 107 Sukoharjo III, Sukoharjo District, Pringsewu Regency. School committee finances are obtained based on the results of committee member meetings and determine the amount to be paid by students in 1 year, in the committee member meeting it is also explained that the receipt of payments made by students can be paid in monthly installments or paid at once by students and their parents. The school committee's financial activities are carried out through the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, supervising, or controlling. Some of the financial management activities are obtaining and determining funding sources, utilization of funds, reporting, inspection, and accountability. The school committee financial information system that has been used can perform financial management in a transparent and real-time manner, so that committee members can find out the school committee's finances by utilizing information technology without having to make a financial recapitulation of the school committee to be reported to committee members or administrators.

This paper examines the effects of CFO narcissism on audit fees in China. Using the size of CFO signatures in annual audit reports to measure individual narcissism, we find that CFO narcissism is associated with higher audit fees. We find empirical evidence that CFO narcissism significantly increases the audit fees of listed companies, and this effect is stronger in state-owned enterprises. This paper also explores the mediating effects of financial information and the engagement of prestigious Big-4 and Big-10 firms. The results show that companies with narcissistic CFOs have lower quality financial information and prefer more prestigious firms, which leads to higher audit fees. This research highlights the importance of CFO narcissism in corporate performance and provides new evidence that will be useful for listed companies that plan to hire senior executives.

The visual communication of financial information is commonplace and involves numerous facets, including the use of color. At the same time, perception of color influences behavior. Through eight experiments, we show that using red color to represent financial data impacts individuals’ risk preferences, expectations of future stock returns, and trading decisions. The effects are not present in colorblind individuals and are muted in China, where red represents prosperity. Other colors, including yellow and blue, do not generate the same effects. Overall, we demonstrate that simple perceptual processes influence complex investor behavior, which is important given society’s increasing reliance on visual communication. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.

This study aims to determine the effect of owner support, personal technical skills, training and education programs, age, gender, length of business and formal education on the performance of accounting information systems. This research was conducted on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Solo Raya area. The type of data used is quantitative data. The data source used is primary data. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The population in this study is SMEs in the Solo Raya area. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method with the number of samples determined with a specific purpose as many as 56 SMEs. The results showed that the variables of owner support, personal technical ability, training and education programs had an effect on the performance of the accounting information system, while variables of age, gender, length of business and formal education had no effect on the performance of the accounting information system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how students perceived their engagement in an experiential learning project with a focus on financial literacy within general education mathematics courses (skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors). Specifically, the researchers were looking to investigate whether the completion of a finance project within a general education mathematics course influences students' perception of and knowledge about personal finance concerning their lives and career paths. An aggregated analysis of survey responses using Qualtrics showed approximately half of students lacked knowledge of personal finance, the skills to interpret financial information, and expressed limited knowledge of loan repayment calculations. While over half of the participants would recommend this course to other students. There was no statistical significance in the correlation between students' assessments of their pre-and-post financial literacy knowledge and whether they recommend this course for future students. However, the majority of responders indicated that they have thought about future career and personal finance before completing the project.

La Práctica Laboral Contable y Financiera en la carrera Contabilidad y Finanzas, ocupa un rol fundamental en la formación integral de los educandos de esa ciencia, las tareas que se establecen en las guías de dichas prácticas, contribuyen en la formación de competencias profesionales y específicamente en la formación inicial de la competencia registrar hechos económicos integrando conocimientos, habilidades, valores, motivaciones y desempeños en la entidades laborales, lo cual tributa en la presentación de la información económica financiera de manera veraz y oportuna de las empresas para asegurar resultados confiables en las auditorias por lo que el objetivo de esa investigación es elaborar una guía para la Práctica Laboral Contable y Financiera I.

Tax literature indicates perception of corruption and perception of tax complexity as tax compliance factors. Nevertheless, although the initial SSF theory suggests several tax compliance factors to have associations with trust in and power of tax authorities, none of the SSF studies pay their attention on these two factors. Therefore, based on survey questionnaires on 500 individual taxpayers in Jakarta, Indonesia, as well as interviews on several taxpayers and tax officers in the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT), this study is dedicated to elaborating the associations between these factors and trust and power and how the change in financial information access affects them. Mixed methods research was used through conducting a survey of individual taxpayers, and interviewing both individual taxpayers and tax officers. The results show that the factors are proven to have significant influence on trust in and power of the tax authorities, even though there is no significant association between perception of tax complexity and power. The results also confirm main SSF assumptions that trust leads to voluntary compliance while voluntary compliance positively affects overall tax compliance. Yet, the study fails to evidence the relationship of power to enforced compliance, while enforced compliance is found to negatively affects overall tax compliance.

This study aims to review, discuss and prove the presentation of financial statements and the accessibility of financial information to the use of financial statement information. This research was conducted in the Provincial DPRD, Inspectorate and BPK with a total of 47 respondents. Data were collected using a research questionnaire and processed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the financial statements and the accessibility of positive and significant information on the use of Bengkulu Province regional financial statement information. Hoping the better financial statement presentation and information accessibility will increase the use of financial statement information.

The accuracy of economic decisions depends on the quality of financial information, coming mainlyfrom financial statements prepared by economic and other entities. In times of the pandemic, the threats tocontinuing economic activity appear to be greater. Hence, there is a need to develop hedging instruments. Goodinformation could protect many entities from the risk of bankruptcy. Such entities need transparent, easy tocalculate indicators informing them about the impending crisis. When analysing exposures in financialstatements, one can see that their volume is constantly increasing and recipients complain about the decreasingreadability. The aim of the article is to create such information which would allow the entrepreneur to reactquickly and dynamically to the weakening of his activity to create simple indicators to assess the situation, toseparate items on the balance sheet, which would pose a risk of bankruptcy

This study aims to explore whether or not social responsibility disclosure contributes to improve the financial information environment, through examining the impact of quantity and quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the accuracy of analysts' forecasts and audit fees. Content analysis technique has been used to measure quantity and quality of CSR disclosure in annual reports of Saudi registered companies. OLS regression model is used to examine the relationship between the quantity and quality of CSR disclosure in the annual reports and the quality of the analysts' forecasts, and the audit fees. The results indicated that CSR disclosure provides useful information for outsiders, where it is associated with more accurate analysts’ expectations and reduced audit fees. These results suggest that CSR disclosure is associated with high quality financial information environment. This paper provides comprehensive analysis for financial information environment in Saudi companies. The findings of paper provide useful insights concerning the importance of social responsibility disclosure in Saudi business environment.

The role accounting plays in decision-making in business is a broad topic that has driven academics. This paper is grounded on decision and utility theories. It investigates the Certified Accountants' perception of financial information (FI) usefulness and the company's performance. Based on data collected through a survey applied to certified accountants, this study develops and evaluates an original theoretical model using the Structural Equations Model (SEM). The results reveal that manager's gender and academic qualifications influence the perception of FI utility. Non-owner managers and older companies also attach more significance to FI in decision making. The managers who attribute the most usefulness to FI in decision-making are those of companies with higher performance. Additionally, the results show that the FI usefulness is a mediator variable in the relationship between the characteristics above and company performance. This research helps all stakeholders improve decision-making, studying past events with FI to predict future results and consequently increase the company's success.

Technological developments, the environments we shop, the methods we use for shopping change day by day, and with globalization, the investment tools that we can evaluate our savings diversify. Individuals should be able to manage their budgets well, avoid debts and direct their savings to investments under this situation. In order for individuals to make their financialdecisions correctly and to exist in the financial system, they must have Financial Information. The extent to which financial information is known or not and whether individuals display financial attitudes and behavior in daily life has been the subject of research in today’s world. When the literature is examined, it is seen that financial attitude, financial behavior and financialknowledge show writing parallel to the differing interest, education and work after high school. In our study, a questionnaire was applied to high school students at common subject and interest level, excluding these variables. The data of the research, which was carried out with the participation of 783 high school students in Kirikkale, were analyzed with SPSS and different demographic characteristics affecting the financial literacy levels of high school students were investigated.

El Control Interno proporciona seguridad razonable, absoluta referente al desarrollo correcto de los procesos administrativos y contables aplicados en entidades como lo establece la ley por ser un factor fundamental para evitar corrupción detectando fraudes. De los principios y procedimientos adoptados por la administración se lograr metas y objetivos planificados con el único fin de salvaguardar los recursos, bienes económicos, financieros, tecnológicos a través de uso eficiente y aplicado, así como políticas que se establecen en la organización evitando desembolsos no deseados y que no se justifiquen por no ofrecer una seguridad teniendo como propósito proteger los activos de la organización. La aplicación de la Norma de Control Interno apoya a la conducción que se traza toda organización de tal manera que permita el manejo adecuado de las operaciones que se realizan en la empresa con el fin de generar información confiable de forma eficiente optimizando tiempo. El objetivo principal es elaborar al final, el diseño de un manual de control interno donde se establezcan políticas, normas, procedimientos y un reglamento de control Interno sobre los ingresos y egresos de la empresa, mejorando la información financiera puntos a seguir, la ejecución de este manual aportará beneficios necesarios. Los principales beneficiarios de este proyecto son los administradores y responsables de los bienes que se manejan en una organización. Su finalidad es lograr la obtención de información financiera confiable y oportuna, mediante las operaciones contables se produzcan reportes y estados financieros apropiados.

Financial information literacy helps to manage earnings, especially among those students who study non-commerce subjects. Thus, this study attempts to explore the differences in such literacy through their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. A well-structured instrument was used to gather data from 382 non-commerce students in universities in Pakistan using a multi stage sampling technique. Analyses were conducted through percentage of correct response technique and group comparisons. The findings indicate an average level of financial knowledge among university students. The demographic differences reveal that most of the students are male, graduate, with age above 26, enrolled in a private university, residing in dormitories, and score higher in academic subjects are more financially literate. While the socioeconomic differences indicate that those students who follow family advice, study minor finance courses, maintain a bank account, and have higher parental income are more knowledgeable about finance. The study recommends arranging awareness sessions to impart financial knowledge to students.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os determinantes da estrutura de capital da PME da província do Huambo, avaliando a relevância e a validade dos principais atributos sugeridos pela literatura como determinantes da estrutura de capital e testar o poder explicativo de cada um dos índices de dívida das empresas. Para atingir este objetivo, foram analisadas empiricamente informações financeiras de 35 empresas sediadas na província do Huambo - Angola. As empresas foram classificadas em quatro setores, de acordo com a NACE Rev1, para o período entre 2012 e 2016. Com base na aplicação de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla de efeito aleatório, nossos resultados indicam que, para as empresas do Huambo, prevalecem os seguintes: (i) crescimento da empresa não influencia a dívida; (ii) em relação ao tamanho da empresa, em geral, quanto maior a empresa, maior será a dívida da empresa; (iii) a estrutura de ativos influencia positivamente os níveis de endividamento, sua baixa significância; (iv) em termos de receita, concluiu-se que não determina dívida firme, uma vez que prefere o autofinanciamento; (v) como variabilidade do lucro, contrariamente ao esperado, determina a dívida de médio e longo prazo e total; (vi) em relação ao setor de negócios, observou-se que ele tem uma influência significativa no nível médio de endividamento das empresas do Huambo.

Recent accounting and financial researches suggest that the IFRS adoption leads to high-quality financial information characterized by their honesty. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the imp...

This research is to acknowledge the influence of capital structure and profitability to the stock returns of the listed real estate and property companies in BEI on 2013-2015. This research consists of two independent variables regarding capital structure and profitability, and one dependent variable regarding stock returns. Data used is secondary data which could be accessed from www.idx.co.id . The hypothesis testing in this research uses data panel regression model. The results are: 1) positive & significant results between DER towards capital returns 2) positive & significant results between NPM towards capital returns. The contributions for potential investors, this research was hoped to increase the knowledges of financial information of the companies specialised in real estate & properties sector. Also hoped to give good contributions to discussion on financial analysis particularly related with DER, NPM & capital returns. Keywords : capital structure, profitability, stock returns, and data panel regression

The article shows the importance of accounts receivable in the financial structure of state entities (purely government entities and state companies), and the challenge of standardizing accounting ...

Objective: To evaluate the influence of ownership concentration on variation in corporate performance before and after initial public offerings (IPO) in firms launched on B3.Methods: Economic and financial information was obtained from the reference forms of 55 firms. Variation in performance was proxied by ROA and ROE two years before vs. two years after IPO. Ownership concentration was proxied by the proportion of shares with voting rights belonging to the single-largest, two largest, three largest, four largest or five largest shareholders. Originality/relevance: In addition to contributing to the literature, this is the first Brazilian study on the topic to analyze variation in performance before and after IPO, in light of the potential impact of IPO on firms. Results: Our results suggest that performance proxied by mean ROA and ROE tends to decrease in the post-IPO period.However, in our sample, ownership concentration did not significantly influence variation in corporate performance before and after IPO. Theoretical/methodological contribution: Based on our sample and the control variables used in the proposed econometric model, the presence of large controlling shareholders at the time IPO does not seem to influence the level of corporate performance following IPO, suggesting other factors are responsible for the observed behavior., Objetivo: investigar a relação entre a concentração de propriedade e a variação do desempenho antes e depois da Initial Public Offering (IPO) em empresas listadas na B3.Método: foram utilizados dados do Formulário de Referência de 55 empresas. A variação do desempenho foi avaliada pela diferença entre as medianas do Retorno Sobre o Ativo (ROA) e do Retorno Sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE) dos dois exercícios anteriores e posteriores à IPO. A concentração de propriedade considerou a proporção de ações com direito a voto pertencente ao principal acionista e aos dois principais, e assim por diante, até alcançar a soma dos cinco principais acionistas.Originalidade/relevância: além da contribuição para a literatura, o estudo diferencia-se de pesquisas nacionais anteriores ao abordar a variação do desempenho antes e depois da IPO, dados os impactos que os processos de abertura de capital podem trazer para as empresas.Resultados: os resultados sugerem que o desempenho da empresa diminui após a IPO, com base no valor médio do ROA e no valor médio do ROE. No entanto, nenhuma influência estatisticamente significante da concentração de propriedade foi detectada como determinante na variação de desempenho da empresa brasileira antes e após sua abertura de capital.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: com base na amostra e na presença das variáveis inseridas nas estimações econométricas propostas, observa-se que grandes acionistas controladores parecem não determinar de maneira direta a performance das empresas em períodos próximos a IPO, não alinhando-se às proposições teóricas de estudos anteriores, sugerindo que outros fatores possam interferir nesse comportamento.

his study aims to (1) examine and analyze the influence of Human Resource (SDM) competence and the role of internal audit on the successful implementation of the Local Financial Information System (SKID) partially and simultaneously, (2) examine and analyze the competence of SDM and the role of internal audit on the quality of financial report partially and simultaneously,(3) examine and analyze the influence of SDM competence and the role of internal audit on the quality of financial reports on the successful implementation of the SKID. The object of this study is all provincials and district / city governments throughout North Sumatera. The sample of this study was 34 (thirty four). The data was collected by questionnaire, documentation, and interview methods. The analysis method used was path analysis using SPSS Program. The results of this study indicate that (1) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have no partial effect on the successful implementation of SKID (2) SDM competence, the role of internal audit doesn’t simultaneously affect the successful implementation of SKID (3) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have a significant effect partially to the quality of financial reports (4) the successful implementation of SKID has no effect on the quality of financial reports (5) SDM competence, the role of internal audit, the successful implementation of SKID simultaneously affects the quality of financial reports (6) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have no effect on quality financial reports through the successful implementation of the local financial information system.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide the state of the art in the academic and professional debate on the disclosure quality of NFI. This analysis is driven by the need to feature the dimensions of NFI quality that should be considered to improve the current regulatory framework towards a more transparent disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe research is an integrative literature review that assesses and synthesizes the scientific knowledge and the annexed documents collected during the public consultation for the Review of Non-financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) on the disclosure quality of non-financial information (NFI).FindingsFindings show that there is a common consensus between scientific literature and the annexed documents of the consultation process on the Review of the NFRD on the need to enhance a double-materiality perspective, to provide specific contents on sustainability issues, to clarify the relevance of NFI, and to embed NFI into the management report in an integrated manner. Furthermore, there is an alignment related to timeliness in favour of a risk management procedure and a forward-looking approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe research engages the debate on the NFI disclosure quality, in light of the recent Review of NRFD and the new Proposal of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive that extends and enhances the non-binding reporting guidelines of NFI.Practical implicationsThe research provides a dashboard of the dimensions of NFI disclosure quality that aggregates the academics' and practitioners' knowledge systematically. It shows the interplay between the scholarly developments and the recent measures arisen in the consultation process to undertake NFI disclosure quality.Originality/valueThe research provides a lens to analyse, classify and interpret the insights emerged during the consultation process of the NFRD.

In this chapter, we study the evolution of the auditor’s report from its emergence more than 150 years ago to the present. During this period, the standard auditor’s report has evolved from a rudimentary form to its current and more sophisticated structure with a clearly defined title, addressed to specific entities, and systematically divided into sections that are meant to highlight certain aspects of the audit examination. We describe the major events that have affected the financial reporting environment in the United States and, in turn, how these events have transformed the auditor’s report over the last century. As will be demonstrated in the chapter, the progression of the presentation of the auditor’s report, from being a certification to the standard report of the present day, has been guided primarily by the kind of information that investors and creditors wanted to know in relation to their investments in public companies. However, the desire for that information was often influenced by periodic incidents of corporate scandals. These scandals made it imperative that a monitoring mechanism was established to maintain the confidence of investors and creditors in the reporting of financial information about companies and the overall functioning of the capital markets.

La financiarización de grandes corporaciones no financieras ha hecho énfasis sobre dos hechos que se identifican a partir de la década de 1980, a los cuales la literatura atribuye efectos negativos sobre la inversión. Estos hechos están representados por el aumento de pagos a accionistas y la acumulación de activos financieros. En este estudio, se analiza la evolución en la composición de activos de grandes empresas no financieras haciendo uso de la información financiera disponible de la base Compustat North America para el periodo 1980-2018. A partir de la exploración de datos, se identifica que existe una característica adicional que consiste en la creciente participación de intangibles que se observa en las estructuras de balance financiero. Esta evidencia permite discutir cómo este tipo de activos pueden dar cuenta de la forma como se instrumenta la financiarización de grandes empresas. Esto también tiene que ver con los marcos normativos de información financiera y sus disposiciones para el reconocimiento de intangibles en los reportes financieros. Como aspecto diferencial, se agrega a la literatura actual que el reforzamiento de una tendencia de acumulación de activos financieros e intangibles está caracterizando el citado proceso de financiarización en el ámbito de las firmas no financieras.

In this article, external audit is considered as one of the priority tools for implementation in an organization. It is aimed precisely at ensuring that information, in particular information about the financial statements of an enterprise, is not distorted in the course of its activity (especially important for investors who are actively studying the financial accounting of companies of interest to them for further investment in their shares or bonds). This allows you to maintain a stable financial condition of the company, contribute to its improvement, facilitate clear control of the flow of financial information and reduce the organization's credit debts.

Nowadays, economic conditions in Indonesia are unstable, with the result that it is needed to look for the information from certain or credible sources. Especially in financial information because of that, it is very influential to those who play an important role in policymakers. Besides, the precise financial information is also needed by the investors and creditors who are used as a basis for consideration to make profitable investments or vice versa. The objective of this study is to find out the financial information as an investment decision-making tool and to find out the level of health of cooperatives in the financial sector as financial information to investors and creditors. Then, the object of this study is Koperasi Syariah Nuri in East Java. This study employed descriptive quantitative research. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data sample used is in the form of financial statements from 2015 to 2017. Based on the data analysis, the results show us that: capital ratio in healthy criteria, cash ratio in liquid criteria, ROA insufficient criteria, ROE insufficient criteria, Fewer criteria generated by the service operational independence ratio. Keywords : Financial information, Financial analysis, and Investment decision

Presentation of environmental and social aspects of enterprises' activities is usually done by disclosing of non-financial information. It is possible to be realized as a part of the annual financial statement, as an element of the activity report, through other reports or websites of the companies. This article examines how such information is disclosed of three of the largest Bulgarian thermal power plants. The results of the study are summarized through a table, and the corresponding conclusions are formulated.

This article analyzes the impact of mandatory disclosure of non-financial information in the financial statements of business corporations. The research method is regression and correlation analysis and statistical testing of hypotheses. The sample for empirical research is compiled from the accounting statements of all corporations traded on the Czech capital market in the period from 2013 to 2018 and contain 264 reports. The results of the research confirmed the growing trend of publishing non-financial information and at the same time a significant share of large corporations compared to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The positive result of the research testifies about the following of global trends in the reporting of non-financial information by corporations on the Czech capital market, but despite the efforts of regulators, significant differences in the quantity and quality of reports were confirmed.

Como objetivo de la investigación, se declara presentar los lineamientos técnicos que permiten la convergencia a la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera (NIIF) para pequeñas y medianas entidades (Pymes) ecuatorianas. La investigación aborda –desde los principios de la NIIF y con un enfoque de análisis de los sistemas contables- el siguiente interrogante: ¿cuáles son las implicaciones del proceso de convergencia a la NIIF para las PyMes desde los fundamentos y sus funciones básicas para el sistema contable ecuatoriano? El alcance es descriptivo y el diseño metodológico es propio de una investigación científica de formato documental. Como resultado, se pueden apreciar las grandes diferencias contables que presenta el modelo de la International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), con respecto al sistema contable ecuatoriano. Como conclusión, cabe decir que la referida norma no solo aporta a la salud financiera, sino también propicia una nueva cultura empresarial.

Purpose The highest decision-making body in a municipality is the council, whose members are elected every fourth year. Therefore, local politicians are in the key position in using financial information in decision making. The purpose of this paper is to study Finnish local politicians’ use of financial information. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the speech of local politicians as they describe financial operations and financial position of the municipalities they represent. Here, the words of local politicians are considered an expression of their use of financial information. The use of financial information includes its impact on decision making. The focus is on the impact of different individual characteristics of financial information use in speech about financial operations and financial position. The paper employs qualitative empirical data collected through semi-structured thematic interviews with members of the Finnish local government. Data are analyzed with descriptive statistical methods. Findings Local politicians use financial information when they talk about financial operations and financial position of their municipality. Individual characteristics, such as political experience, affect the use of financial information. Experienced local politicians are familiar with financial information and use it more systematically than inexperienced politicians. Contrasted to expectations, financial expertise has a negative impact on financial information use. Moreover, in general, the ideology of politicians does not affect their use of financial information. Originality/value The paper sheds light on the value of individual characteristics of financial information use. It develops and tests hypotheses based on previous research on the impact of individual attributes of local politicians in the Finnish local government.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent public listed construction firms in Malaysia disclose mandatory information on public private partnership (PPP) projects. This paper is important as the level of disclosure of PPP information reflects the extent of transparency as practiced by the companies involved in PPP projects. Design/methodology/approach In achieving the aim, a content analysis procedure was carried out to analyse the 2015 annual reports of the construction companies. Descriptive statistics including the mean score, frequency and percentage were employed to analyse the disclosure of the annual report. Findings The overall mean disclosure score of the sampled companies is 40 per cent, which connotes a low level of disclosure of mandatory information on PPP. The companies also tend to disclose more mandatory financial information than non-financial information. Originality/value This paper is one of the few studies that investigated the level of mandatory disclosure of PPP information, thus contributing to the scanty literature on PPP transparency not only in Malaysia but also internationally.

Indonesia government, at the time, is now trying to implement e-government in each of the Organization. E-government is a technology and information-based system that aims to improve the function of public administration and relations with the public. With e-government, it hoped that information transparency would be created, especially financial information. A transparent system can prevent the misuse of the budget, which affects the high level of corruption. Survey results at the global level show that there are cases of fraud that cause distrust of the government. The study is intended to determine the level of trust of society towards transparency finance in e-government. The research method used is the descriptive method by distributing questionnaires to 200 people of Bandung residents. The results showed that financial transparency in e-government affected people's trust.

Purpose Increased competition in the banking sector coupled with long queues in the banking hall has necessitated the introduction of internet banking among banks in Ghana. As a result, internet banking has attracted a great deal of attention from both academicians and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of internet banking on the performance of banking institutions in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach In total, 20 banks in Ghana were selected from the Bank of Ghana website for the study. The financial information about the banks’ operations was retrieved from the financial statements of the respective banks for the end of the year 2016. The data envelopment analysis-bootstrap approach with principal component analysis and cluster analysis was used to estimate 49 models. Findings The findings of the study indicated that the integration of internet banking into traditional banking methods has led to superior bank performance in Ghana. It was observed that while the independent application of internet banking as a strategy to raise performance was not yielding higher returns due to the low patronage of internet services among banking consumers, its integration with possible traditional methods is widely observed among the top performers in the banking industry. Practical implications Traditional banking methods, integrated banking service strategies and the internet banking service-oriented strategy emerged as the main banking strategies among the banks. Originality/value Extant literature is quite silent on the effect of internet banking on bank performance in Africa. However, this paper is among the first significant attempts to examine the effect of internet banking on bank performance.

We examine how charity financial information related to efficiency and financial vulnerability is used by private foundations in determining how much they grant to charities during capital campaigns. In general, private foundations are likely to be better able to evaluate charity financial information because they are sophisticated donors. They have the incentive to incur search costs, the ability to judge financial information, and are focused on grant-making. We find no evidence that efficiency measures are used by private foundations in determining capital campaign grant amounts, regardless of foundation sophistication. We interpret this result as being consistent with private foundations focusing on factors related to program accomplishments rather than on reported efficiency. We find evidence that private foundations pay larger grant amounts to less financially vulnerable charities. This effect is concentrated when grants are paid by more sophisticated private foundations (i.e., those that employ a professional staff). Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

The focus of investment failure is seen as consequential to investors’ irrational decision. Capital structure and classical theories, by literature, informed the investor in making their portfolio choices. Currently behavioural finance positslack of cognitive and psychological capacity of the investor in the use of complex information to make a rational investment decision. The rationality of information, how presented and communicated by management is not on the radar of experts and analysts. Literature is reviewed, addressing the presentation and communication of financial information in proactive market orientation for rational investment decision.The studyposits the relevance of communicating financial information in proactive market orientation as againstthe linearone‐step modelapproach. Management should be responsible for any investment and corporate failure dependent on relevant financial information and how rationally communicated. Capital structure is a response of investors to management behaviour and not management choice.

This study examines the effect of graphical vividness on nonprofessional investors' impressions of management and firm performance when the financial performance news is either positive or negative. Conducting a 2 × 2 between-participants experiment with 470 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk), I find that when the news is positive, nonprofessional investors have more positive impressions of management, which, in turn, leads to more positive impressions of firm performance when the graphical presentation is vivid versus pallid. In contrast, when the news is negative, presenting graphs vividly has little effect on nonprofessional investors' impressions. The study contributes to regulators and practice by demonstrating that allowing a high degree of presentation flexibility in digital annual reports has behavioral outcomes to nonprofessional investors' judgments and decisions. The study also contributes to the strategic disclosure literature by demonstrating the impact of graphical vividness in presenting financial performance information.

Chinese auditing standards mandate the disclosure of critical audit matters (CAMs) in audit reports for all listed companies since 2017. Risk-oriented auditing requires auditors to assess material ...

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to prove if there is a change in the Spanish professionals´ perception about the accounting reform in Spain due to the adaptation to IFRS, depending on when it is analysed, and also if this opinion depends on their degree of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach – We have used a survey done to the Spanish accountants in different four times after the accounting reform. Findings – It is obtained that the degree of knowledge of accountants increases after the first application of the new requirements and it affects their opinion about the accounting reform. It is important to highlight that the perceptions are not the same about each different aspect of accounting areas. Originality/value – Accountants play an important role in the accounting development and so it is valuable to know their opinion after an accounting reform when trying to get comparability with IFRS. Their perceptions are less critical when they have got experience about the new rules and prefer changing the national regulation to requiring directly IFRS in order to get this comparability. Objetivo – El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar en qué medida el transcurso del tiempo afecta a la percepción de los profesionales de la contabilidad sobre una reforma en la normativa contable que ha supuesto la adaptación de la legislación española a las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), además de comprobar si su grado de conocimiento afecta a sus opiniones sobre la misma. Metodología – Para conseguir este propósito nos dirigimos a los profesionales de la contabilidad españoles a través de un mismo cuestionario, en cuatro momentos temporales distintos a partir de la primera implantación de esta nueva normativa. Resultados – Se confirman las dos hipótesis que se querían contrastar: que el grado de conocimiento que tienen los profesionales españoles sobre la nueva normativa contable va aumentando después de la primera aplicación de las nuevas exigencias; y que viene determinado por el tipo de problemática a la que se enfrentan. Contribuciones – La percepción de los profesionales acerca del cambio normativo contable en España se matiza a lo largo del tiempo después de su implantación, siendo cada vez menos críticos y valorando mejor la adaptación de la normativa propia frente a la imposición directa de las IFRS. Objetivo – El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar en qué medida el transcurso del tiempo afecta a la percepción de los profesionales de la contabilidad sobre una reforma en la normativa contable que ha supuesto la adaptación de la legislación española a las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), además de comprobar si su grado de conocimiento afecta a sus opiniones sobre la misma. Metodología – Para conseguir este propósito nos dirigimos a los profesionales de la contabilidad españoles a través de un mismo cuestionario, en cuatro momentos temporales distintos a partir de la primera implantación de esta nueva normativa. Resultados – Se confirman las dos hipótesis que se querían contrastar: que el grado de conocimiento que tienen los profesionales españoles sobre la nueva normativa contable va aumentando después de la primera aplicación de las nuevas exigencias; y que viene determinado por el tipo de problemática a la que se enfrentan. Contribuciones – La percepción de los profesionales acerca del cambio normativo contable en España se matiza a lo largo del tiempo después de su implantación, siendo cada vez menos críticos y valorando mejor la adaptación de la normativa propia frente a la imposición directa de las IFRS

This chapter, based on the reviewed countries’ experiences, provides a comparative analysis of the day fines system in Europe. It seems that making the sentencing system more equal, and reducing short-term imprisonment, are common goals for countries to adopt day fines. Some countries can be rendered as a success in terms of the extent of implementing day fines and the ability to meet the desired goals. Nevertheless, as the experience of many other countries shows, there can be major challenges for day fines to be properly implemented. The main two challenges identified in this chapter are the complexity of calculating the fine, exacerbated by the frequent lack of guidelines, and a negative perception, derived mainly from lack of understanding of the system (by the public) and lack of support from the sentencers. In this chapter, we provide policy recommendations how to address these two specific challenges, as well as more general recommendations to expand the use of day fines. Given the multiple advantages day fines offer, it seems worth investing in its proper implementation. These recommendations may assist jurisdictions who already implement day fines, well as those interested in introducing this model into their criminal justice system

The vulnerability framework of measurement and voice was developed by the office of the Children’s Commissioner for England between 2017 and 2020 to provide a general approach to understanding levels of need, vulnerability and risk amongst children and young people. We developed a taxonomy drawn from systematic and multi-disciplinary literature review and identified 70 indicators that were our best fit to 7 categories of need, vulnerability and risk. For each we reviewed information for England on numbers of children indicated (demography), their views and experiences (voice), and what they receive by way of public services expenditure (finance). This work should be nested within a wider framework of measurement of capabilities. Particular areas of concern identified include children in mental health detention and other unofficial secure settings and children with insecure immigration status. We identified substantial gaps in measurement across most indicators in the domains of demography, voice and financial information.

In recent years, regulators have exempted an increasing number of companies from the requirement to appoint auditors, yet little is known about the role of the accounting profession in preparing and validating the financial statements of unaudited companies. In this paper, we examine empirically the factors associated with the appointment of reporting accountants. We then provide novel evidence on whether unaudited UK small private companies are less likely to restate their annual accounts when they have been prepared by an external accountancy firm (i.e., a reporting accountant). Based on a cross sectional analysis of a large sample of small private unaudited UK companies, we find that, in accordance with the ‘confirmation hypothesis’, larger companies that voluntarily disclose more financial information are more likely to appoint a reporting accountant. We also find that the accounts of companies with a reporting accountant are significantly less likely to be restated than those without. This result is more pronounced for companies disclosing more financial information and for those employing a larger accounting firm. Given the dwindling number of private companies opting for audits, our findings contribute to debates on the role of the accounting profession in enhancing private company financial reporting quality.

This study investigates the conformity to Benford’s Law of the information disclosed in financial statements. Using the first digit test of Benford’s Law, the study analyses the reliability of financial information provided by listed companies on an emerging capital market before and after the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The results of the study confirm the increase of reliability on the information disclosed in the financial statements after IFRS implementation. The study contributes to the existing literature by bringing new insights into the types of financial information that do not comply with Benford’s Law such as the amounts determined by estimates or by applying professional judgment.

In this study, the subject matter of financial auditing has been elaborated on within the specificity of the public health sector and evaluated as to whether the conducted auditing is effective in determining the mistakes in the financial information of the organizations. For the purpose of conducting the evaluation, the six-year auditing reports between the years of 2012 and 2017 of the Supreme Auditing Institution (State Audit Court) conducting the financial auditing of the public health sector regarding the Public Hospitals Administration of Turkey (Turkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu). The auditing reports are addressed within the framework of the types and numbers of findings determined by the State Audit Court, the responses that the Public Hospitals Administration of Turkey has given against those findings and the opinion of auditing. In the consequence of the conducted evaluation, it was concluded that the Court of Accounts was effective in determining the mistakes in the financial reports and increasing the correctness and reliability of the financial information of the Administration.

The Chairman of the SEC has recently called on audit committees to be active, knowledgeable, and independent to ensure high-quality corporate disclosure to the capital markets (SEC 2019). In this paper, we investigate whether more active audit committees improve financial reporting outcomes by examining the association between the frequency of audit committee meetings in a misstatement year and the timeliness of the restatement disclosure. We find that more audit committee meetings are associated with timelier misstatement disclosures, and in particular, when misstatements are less severe. We attribute this association to more communication among the audit committee, external auditors, and management, which leads to a faster resolution of financial reporting issues. Additionally, we find that the effect of audit committee meetings on the timeliness of misstatement disclosure is weaker for busier audit committees and for audit committees with accounting expertise. Finally, we find that more active audit committees are more likely to appoint a Big 4 auditor after the dismissal of the previous external auditor. Overall, our finding that more active audit committees improve financial information quality lends support to the SEC’s call for audit committees to be more active.