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The errors of journalistic information on the topic of immigration are mainly those of its public representation enclosing the continuous attempt to define an “old” phenomenon as an unprecedented and current problem. The consequence of a still “undisciplined” journalism on this issue is the strengthening of the common sense of xenophobic prejudice driven by two phenomena that are increasingly affecting digital platforms: online (mis)information (fake news and information overload) and hate speech. For the purpose of the research, among the episodes of online violence that emerged and highlighted in the literature, it was considered important to dwell on an interesting case of analysis concerning the perception of the migration phenomenon in relation to the role of digital media and the narrative modalities used to influence public opinion through stereotypes and prejudices. In addition, an attempt was made to understand how young university students judge migration policies and the behaviour of institutions towards this issue. The study highlighted which social constructions of immigration have most permeated the target population and influenced their way of using traditional and digital media, as well as the elaboration of communication strategies and policies adopted by local, national and European institutions in the field of immigration.

The migration process, dependent on international interconnections and the symbolic contents of the media, now sees a new protagonist, a new social subject-nomadic, cosmopolitan, capable of redefining himself, crossing geographical and cultural barriers, sustained by the power of electronic (and digital) media, able to imagine the future and himself within new environments (online and offline), exploiting opportunities and running significant risks (fake news or digital trafficking of migrants, surveillance, for example). This individual is the cybermigrant. Cybermigration is a new form of human mobility in the digital environment and focuses in particular on two aspects: social-digital capital and online security (Buoncompagni, 2020). This research starts from Bordieu’s line of thought and highlights several theories of particular importance, focusing in particular on a new form of “social-digital capital” (Boyd & Ellison, 2007; De Feo & Pitzalis, 2015) that can be applied to migration and the various forms of communication involved. Furthermore, the social use of media by migrants before and after their journey to Italy is investigated. The methodology mainly used is that of the focus group.

The Coronavirus pandemic and the anti-contagion restrictions adopted by governments around the world, as well as the strong media representations of the disease and deaths in hospitals have meant for many vulnerable and at risk subjects (the elderly, women, children, immigrants), already victims of violence, an aggravation of their personal problems. Some people have faced a double fear and a double enemy: Covid 19 on the outside and the context of unease and violence in which they live from the inside. According to a United Nations report, the forced quarantine that has forced tens of millions of people into their homes for weeks has caused an increase in abuse and violence against the most vulnerable people. The stress of the quarantine and the uncertainty of losing one's job have also worsened due to the tensions linked to economic uncertainties and the pandemic. The result: increased global tension and insecurity, increased cases of social injustice and the awakening of some forms of symbolic and political violence, also visible in digital environments. The following document will explore some cases mainly related to social and digital (in) security, terrorism in today's health emergency and the idea of a pandemic as a cultural trauma.

Il clima della struttura penitenziaria, con i suoi effetti di torsione, sceglie le modalita di comunicazione che i detenuti possono adottare. L’azione di prisonizzazione distorce i processi comunicativi che il recluso utilizza in interazione con l’altro e con se stesso. L’azione del recludere, quindi, si manifesta anche nel linguaggio: al corpo recluso viene tolta la parola, percio la possibilita di parlare con l’esterno. Una corretta analisi del comportamento non verbale non puo prescindere dall’esame di alcune variabili individuali del detenuto e di quelle specifiche dell’istituzione penitenziaria dato che esse ne orientano i significati e gli aspetti funzionali. Le climat d’une prison, avec ses effets de torsion, choisit les manieres avec lesquelles les detenus peuvent communiquer. L’action de la « prisonization » deforme les processus de communication utilises par les detenues pour interagir avec les autres et avec eux-memes. Par consequent, l’action de l’emprisonnement se manifeste aussi dans la langue : un corps incarcere se voit retirer la parole, ainsi la chance de parler a quelqu’un a l’exterieur. Une analyse precise du comportement non verbal ne peut etre separee de l’examen de certaines variables individuelles d’un detenu ni de celles de la prison car elles faconnent leur sens et leurs aspects fonctionnels. The climate of a prison, with its twisting effects, determines the ways in which inmates can communicate. The act of incarceration distorts the communicative processes used by prisoners to interact with others and themselves. Therefore, the action of imprisonment is manifested also in language: an imprisoned body has his floor taken away, thus the chance to speak to someone outside. An accurate analysis of non-verbal behaviour cannot be separated from the examination of some individual variables of a prisoner and of the prison because they shape their meanings and functional aspects.

Between breaking news and tweets about sinkings, rescues, rejections, deaths at sea, naval blockades, one often has the feeling that everything has already been the impression that everything has already been said and written in the swirl of institutional and non-governmental on the subject of migrants. In Italy in particular, the above-mentioned situations still fill the media agenda and remain trending topics for weeks on social networks such as Twitter and Instragram, are not only ideological and/or symbolic, but also material and all too often categorised as "war crimes", when it would be more accurate to recognise the sinking or naval blockade as a "crimes of peace". It's necessary to overcome this pathology of communication/information and to return to the idea of rethink human rights and talk about "migrant democracy".