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The article focuses on the reception of Meliadus’ identity in the printed edition of Meliadus de Leonnoys by Galliot du Pré (1528). It compares the prologue and the denouement of the edition to the 13th century Roman de Meliadus, to the Roman de Guiron, as well as to the incunabulum of Tristan published by Jehan le Bourgoys (1489). The prologue links Meliadus to two forms of lineage : a symbolic lineage of historical figures, and a carnal lineage of kings and ancessors. As for the denouement, it weaves around the hero a web of revenge relations that distort the meaning of Tristan legend’s past. Both the prologue and the denouement emphasize Meliadus’ aristocratic identity. The appendix contains a transcription of the end of Meliadus de Leonnoys, next to the text of Tristan given both by the Paris manuscript, BnF, fr. 103 and by the incunabulum of 1489. L’article porte sur la réception de l’identité de Meliadus dans l’imprimé Meliadus de Leonnoys de Galliot du Pré (1528). Il étudie le prologue et le dénouement de l’imprimé à la fois par rapport au Roman de Meliadus et au Roman de Guiron du XIIIe siècle, et par rapport à l’incunable du Tristan paru chez Jehan le Bourgoys (1489). Le prologue rattache Meliadus à deux types de lignées : une lignée symbolique de figures historiques, une lignée charnelle d’ancêtres et de rois. Quant au dénouement, il inscrit le héros dans un système vindicatoire rudimentaire qui infléchit le sens du passé de la légende tristanienne. Prologue et dénouement mettent l’accent sur l’identité proprement aristocratique de Meliadus. Une transcription de la fin de Meliadus de Leonnoys est donnée en annexe, en regard du texte du Tristan que donnent le manuscrit de Paris, BnF, fr. 103 et l’incunable de 1489.

The specificity of the synthesis of elements included in the historical narrative, and Christian motives, images in the novel of the largest contemporary Russian prose writer Zakhar Prilepin is comprehended in the article. The relevance of the article is due to the need to build a coherent and consistent history of the development of Russian literature over the past two decades, an important part of which is the legacy of the popular writers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian literary criticism “Abode” is considered from the proposed perspective: its genre specificity is analyzed in a Christian context. It has been established that, despite the presence of elements of documentary, adventurous, love-psychological novels, in terms of genre, “The Abode” can be attributed to a historical novel (it depicts a turning point in Russian history through a conflict between historical figures and fictional “average” heroes, combines historical facts and fiction). At the same time, an interest in eternal moral issues, problems of life and death, conscience and duty, love and fidelity in their Christian understanding becomes a feature of Prilepin’s understanding of the historical theme. In their work, the authors of the article used comparative historical, biographical, socio-cultural methods, as well as the method of a holistic analysis of a work of art.

El teatro ha sido un espacio idóneo para elaborar imágenes artísticas a partir de figuras históricas que han pasado a formar parte del patrimonio de la cultura popular. Tal es el caso de El jinete de la Divina Providencia, texto dramático donde Óscar Liera, uno de los dramaturgos mexicanos más importantes del siglo XX, da vida a Jesús Malverde, personaje casi mítico que pervive en la memoria colectiva como un bandolero bueno, que robaba a los ricos para dar a los pobres. En este ensayo analizo algunos de los procedimientos artísticos que Liera pone en marcha para reelaborar un conflicto social –en el que destaca precisamente la figura del santo bandolero.

The article explains the meaning of the term “the Holder of Forty Spears” (“қырықсүңгілі”) in a separate list of the Turko-Tatar ChroniclesDäftär-i Čingiz-nāmäat the end of the XVII century. Besides, a trial of identifying some characters was done from the mentioned source as “the Holder of Forty Spears” – Bolat bahadur” and his son “Bek bey” with real historical figures (beks, tribal chiefs) of the Golden Horde at the time of Janibek Khan. In the military history of the ancient settlers of Eurasia and late medieval Turko-Mongol nomadic tribes, spears and lances were one of the main types of weapons of the close combat and their importance was mentioned more than once in the writings. In addition to the basic, functional, combat assignment, spears and lances in the military culture and traditions of the Turko-Mongol nomads of the Great Steppe had a symbolic meaning. A spear, as a means of armament, used in a ram attack and a close combat, evolved into the symbol of statehood in the form of banners, flags, and possessing them equaled the status of “a commander-in-chief” or “a major warlord”. In this regard, by analyzing and taking into consideration continual several century-long military traditions of the steppe nomads, the article implies the word combination “the Holder of Forty Spears” (“қырықсүңгілі”) inDäftär-i Čingiz-nāmäis equal to “Commander-in- Chief Army”, in other words, in our opinion, in this sourcespear-lanceis represented as an abstracted textual symbol indicating “an army”, “a huge troop” and its Holder as “a commander-in-chief”, “major warlord”.

The Chinese view of time and history cannot be defined as either “cyclicality” or “linearity” in the sense of St. Augustine and Hegel. Like the Indo-Hellenic cyclicality, it regards the cyclical movements as universal in both Heaven and human. Nevertheless, it contains neither the conception of Great Year or Mahayuga, nor that of repeated destruction and reconstruction of humankind. It holds that the cyclical movements do not recur as “uniform rotation,” but appear as a chain composed of countless links each of which possesses individuality. It is not the chain itself, but each of its links that cyclically develop. Meanwhile, it agrees with the Judeo-Christian tradition that there is no repetition and reversibility for historical figures and events. However, it does not believe that history has an absolute beginning and end, demonstrating itself as a One-Grand Cycle from human alienation from God to their reconciliation with Him.

In recent years, the removal of monuments which glorify historical figures associated with racism and colonialism has become one of the most visible and contested forms of decolonisation. Yet many have objected that there is educational value in leaving such monuments standing. In this paper, I argue that public monuments can be understood as speech acts which communicate messages to those who live among them. Some of those speech acts derogate particular social groups, contributing to their marginalisation in much the way that slurs do. Comparing derogating monuments to slurs is also productive in suggesting morally appropriate responses to their harms. I explore the limits of the use-mention distinction in relation to the harmfulness of slurs and apply this to show that attempting to recontextualise harmful monuments in situ—by, for example, changing the text on an accompanying plaque in order to retain the monument for its educational value—will not solve the problem in most cases. I conclude that the removal of slurring monuments, or their relocation to museum exhibitions dedicated to presenting a more critical view of history, is a more robust and reliable way of protecting against harm, and that this consideration outweighs any purported educational value in leaving monuments in place.

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias narrativas presentes en El arpa y la sombra de Alejo Carpentier (1979) que comprenden lo que la teoría literaria actual ha identificado como la “nueva novela histórica” latinoamericana. Primero se proporciona un breve panorama de la novela histórica tradicional y su contexto de aparición durante el romanticismo europeo del siglo xix, a partir de las aportaciones de Georg Lukács (1966), con la intención de diferenciar su modelo del correspondiente a la producción posterior en este género. A continuación se ofrece una caracterización general de la novela histórica escrita en América Latina a partir de las décadas finales del siglo xx, para reconocer las circunstancias histórico-sociales que dieron lugar a su renovación y a los rasgos que la determinan, junto con las propuestas de Mentón (1993) y Aínsa (1991) sobre el papel fundamental de Carpentier en su constitución. Finalmente, se realiza el estudio de cada uno de los aspectos señalados (distorsión consciente de los eventos históricos, ficcionalización de las grandes figuras históricas, uso de la primera persona en la narración, el dialogismo y la polifonía) con el objeto de demostrar la pertenencia de El arpa y la sombra a este reciente tipo de textos.

Research into ego-documents has being going on around the world for several decades, especially in continental Europe. The Dutch historian Jacques Presser, the inventor of the term, used “ego-document” to refer to materials such as diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, and personal letters. The term was first used in the English language by Peter Burke. Some groups of historians, such as the one in Berlin under the leadership of Claudia Ulbrich, prefer to use the term “self-narrative” instead. Kaspar von Greyerz, leader of the Basel team and a leading critic, considers the term “ego-document” an unfortunate one on account of its connotation of Sigmund Freud's concept of ego. He claims that early modern material does not reflect the inner psychological state of the writer but rather the formal, outward facade. Artificial periodization prevents us from understanding the nature and intellectual heritage of the human being. The question is, “What changed with the transition from premodern to modern when suddenly characters started to see themselves as historical figures worth talking about?”

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s Red Wheel series is coming to the English-speaking world, one thick volume at a time. The series weaves fictional characters and historical figures through decisive events ...

Most national symbols – the flag, the coat of arms, the anthem, the pantheon of historical figures – belong to the common symbolic space. However, there are also those which divide the society: con...

Historical figures, cultural values and historical memory play a huge role in the formation of the identity of every nation.In determining any national identity, every individual tries to find a decent response to the question : "Who are we?". By answering this question, each nation determines its own national identity. For example, French, English, Kazakh national identity, etc. This article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of modern statehood’s national identity and the role of historical figures on it. At the time of the declaration of independence of any state, to form state institutions and national identity are the most important and honourable tasks which have to be done at first. On the basis of the decree of President Q.Zh Tokayev K. 2020 has been announced for the anniversary of the two most prominient thinkers the 150th anniversary of Abay Kunanbayev, and 1150th years anniversary since the birth of Al-Faraby. The article analyse the role of Al-Farabi and Abay Kunanbayev in the formation of the national identity of the Kazakh people in the XXI century. The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of national identity through the image of historical intellectual personalities on the example of Kazakhstan. In order to achieve this goal, the article used the method of retrospective analysis. Analyzing the historical role of Al-Farabi and Abay Kunanbayev, defined to what extend influenced the Abay’s, Faraby’s historical role to the formation of the national identity of the people of Kazakhstan in the XXI century.

My article focuses on the Franco-Italian poem Attila Flagellum Dei, composed by Nicolò da Càsola, an Italian notary, in the second half of the XIV century for the Estensi in Ferrara, in order to celebrate the heroic origins of the family: actually, it is the first encomiastic poem dedicated to them, before the major works by Boiardo and Ariosto. The poem is witnessed by a single manuscript (divided into two tomes), supposedly in the hand of the author himself. My study provides a new biographic profile of Nicolò and his family, also through an overview of some archival documents from the Archivio di Stato in Bologna. The article also presents a brief summary of the narration, and outlines the principal characters, the positive ones (Forest and Gilius in particular) as well as the negative ones (Attila), seen as prototypes alluding to other fictional or historical figures (Forest = Hector of Troy; Attila = the entire Visconti’s family). At last, my paper offers a sample (the proem) of the critical and commented edition I am working at. The text is preceded by an analysis that illustrates its peculiar linguistic features, with a particular regard on the rhymes: indeed, far from being representative of the generic class of Franco-italian works composed by Italo-Romance authors, the poem Attila Flagellum Dei shows a combination of hypercharacterized French and Italo-Romance dialects of Northern Italy.

El siglo XXI ha visto un gran aumento en la política de identidad. Europa y las Américas han enfrentado a movimientos revisionistas de sus historias. En el caso de España, el gobierno socialista de Pedro Sánchez ha impulsado legislación para reinterpretar el periodo de la post-guerra. En el caso de México, la administración de López Obrador ha reabierto viejas heridas al solicitar disculpas formales al Rey de España y al Papa por la conquista de México. Este ensayo exploratorio trata sobre un aspecto poco estudiado de este debate ideológico sobre la identidad cultural, el rol de los descendientes de figuras históricas en la política de identidad contemporánea. Hay un cierto elemento de actuación de la historia en las palabras y acciones de los descendientes de Moctezuma II y de Cristóbal Colon los cuales en muchos casos se asemejan a los ritos Aztecas de antaño en los que llevaba a cabo la posesión momentánea de sus personas por el espíritu de sus ancestros.

The question of the management system of servicemen Tatars in Western Siberia during the XVII-XIX centuries is considered. Particular attention is paid to the role of Tatar heads in it as a special institution that existed from the late 16th to the early 19th centuries. The functions and duties of the Tatar heads in different historical periods are considered. Historical figures who held this position during the period under consideration is identified. The activity of Kulmametevs Murzas as heads of servicemen and yasak Tatars is shown. It was revealed that the Tatar heads in the 18th century were an organic element of the traditional management of the aboriginal population, the need for which by the end of the century loses its former importance. It is shown that, in contrast to the European part of Russia, where the position of Tatar heads disappeared already in the 17th century, this institution existed in Siberia until the beginning of the 19th century. The role of the Siberian reform of 1822 as a normative basis for the elimination of the position of Tatar heads is revealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the formation, development and completion of the functioning of the institution of Tatar heads is traced in the historical retrospective. The relevance of the study is due to the poor study of the topic.

The article deals with the non-equivalent vocabulary in socio-political texts of the 18th century. The interest to this type of vocabulary is growing (especially in translation and linguoculturology): every year there are more and more works studying non-equivalent vocabulary with national-cultural specificity of meaning in various resources: fiction, textbooks, press, dictionaries. However, these studies are carried out on the texts of the 19th-21st centuries. In this article, we for the first time analyze this vocabulary in the artistic texts of the 18th century. The authors of the texts (the research materials) are well-known historical figures of the period: Catherine II, M.V. Lomonosov, V.N. Tatishchev, V.K. Trediakovsky, A. Matseevich, P.A. Plavilshikov. The main criterion for text selection was the level of knowledge of non-equivalent vocabulary in them. It is for the first time when identification and description of non-equivalent vocabulary was held in socio-political texts. The purpose of this research is to identify, describe and analyze non-equivalent words in the texts. The practical significance of the research is in the fact that its results can be used in classes of Russian as a foreign language, when compiling dictionaries of non-equivalent vocabulary or linguistic and regional dictionaries, when translating the source texts into foreign languages and making comments. The theoretical significance of the research is in the fact that its results became the basis for further research of non-equivalent vocabulary with national-cultural specificity of meaning. As a result of the research, there were identified the quantity and quality of non-equivalent words. The discovered non-equivalent words were classified into several thematic groups: household items, titles, military vocabulary, social groups, etc., and into types of non-equivalent vocabulary: words-realities, lacunae, exotisms, deviations from the common language norm, etc. In order to have a complete picture of this linguistic phenomenon, it is necessary to make wider the chronological and genre framework of the research material in the future. It is possible to use not only texts of the 18th-21st centuries as a source, but also texts of earlier periods; it is necessary to use not only works of fiction, dictionaries, press, but also to research sociopolitical texts: documents, scientific works, letters.

The article examines the features of the life and work of the Caucasian mountaineers in the Russian service during the Caucasian War (1801-1864). At the same time, the article examines the service trajectories of not only major historical figures, but also the fate of lesser-known figures. It is through their example that one can see the functional roles fixed by the empire, the presence / absence of mental boundaries, the perception of the imperial service by local communities. The aim of the study is a historical and anthropological analysis of the service of highlanders in Russian military-political institutions based on sources of personal origin and record keeping materials. The study suggested that for the highlanders in the Russian service, the priority was the motive for raising their own status within the local community, rather than advancing the general imperial ladder of ranks and ranks. Highlanders often hoped with the help of the empire to raise their own political and / or moral prestige among their compatriots. If the service of the empire did not lead to an increase in the “communal” status or, on the contrary, undermined and burdened the reputation of the highlander, then he began to doubt the correctness of his choice. This approach allows us to describe and explain the frequent cases of a change in political identity, “unexpected” betrayals and escapes of highlanders from Russian service, which are filled with the history of the Caucasian War.

Summary. The purpose of the article is to outline the functional potential of historical memory and analyze its role in the practices and strategies of political education of youth. The methodological basis of research serve as key principles of scientific knowledge: scientific, systematic, historical and pluralism. The article uses such methods as: problem-chronological, systemic and structural, logical and analytical, empirical and theoretical. The scientific novelty. It has been proved that recourse to historical memory can be an effective tool for political education and upbringing of young people, but it directly depends on the goals set by the state and government. Conclusions. The article identifies the features of political education in Ukraine and analyzes the impact on this process of the main components of historical memory, its socio-cultural and spiritual space. The process of political education is multifaceted in purpose, objectives, content, forms, methods and techniques. The implementation of political education, taking into account the pragmatism of historical memory as its relevant component, requires updating the content and methods of studying social sciences and humanities and creating a system of political education and upbringing in the state. Among the characteristic features of historical memory that determine its pragmatic conceptualizations are its emotional coloration and selectivity. The pragmatic orientation of historical memory determines the choice of current historical figures and events. In this way, the heroes of the national-state version of history are personalities who are a kind of symbols of the formation and establishment of statehood.

Postać św. Jacka Odrowąża, dominikanina urodzonego według tradycji w Kamieniu Śląskim, odgrywała i nadal bardzo szczególną rolę w społeczno-politycznej rzeczywistości Górnego Śląska, regionu stanowiącego od wieków polsko-niemieckie pogranicze kulturowe. W przeszłości zdarzało się, że ludzie uważający się za duchowych spadkobierców czy naśladowców tej postaci stawali po przeciwnych stronach barykady, gdy rozstrzygała się sprawa politycznej przyszłości ich małej ojczyzny oraz jej związków z Polską i Niemcami. W późniejszym czasie św. Jacek Odrowąż stał się jednym z patronów podjętego przez polski Kościół dzieła duchowej integracji Śląska Opolskiego z Polską w jej nowych granicach państwowych, ukształtowanych w wyniku drugiej wojny światowej. Znakomitą ilustrację tych różnych funkcji społecznych kultu św. Jacka Odrowąża stanowią biografie trzech postaci historycznych, których losy w szczególny sposób wpisały się w historię zmagań o miejsce Górnego Śląska we współczesnej Europie.

Authors of biofiction fictionalize the lives of actual historical figures not so much to represent the past accurately as to create a new reality in the present and for the future. In this essay, t...

The article covers a little-known campaign of state terror in Soviet Ukraine in 1947-1949 against anarchists who remained the faithful to the radical ideology of former anarchists. During these years, the Soviet punitive authorities launched a new phase of extermination of «suspicious» elements as «dangerous state criminals,» re-arresting and sending to camps and exiles anarchists who had served all their sentences and found themselves in settlement or to freedom. On the specific examples of famous historical figures: the leader and theorist of anarchism A. Andreiev and his wife Z. Handlevska, Makhno’s commander and propagandist M. Uralov and ordinary «dissatisfied with the regime» citizens who allowed «left» radical statements about the Soviet system, (from the point of view of law and logic) of the campaign of state terror. The fates of the victims show that the Stalinist regime was aimed at complete spiritual and legal subjugation of the people.

The study of the British ‘soldier-hero’ as a political and cultural icon after 1945 has been largely confined to literature concerned with the memory of historical figures. Rarely have scholars con...

This article proposes a brief overview of the existing points of view concerning the emergence of the Ancient Israel state. The key question is the existence of the unified monarchy with Jerusalem as its capital which controlled the territories of Judea and Samaria. The scarcity of the archaeological findings makes this question dependent on how the historicity of the Biblical accounts on Saul, David and Solomon is seen. Some researches regard them as mythological while others as historical figures. Reconstructions of ancient history are never ideologically sterile, so the most important ideology here is Yahwism, a religious movement which gradually evolved from one step to another. Deuteronomist (the author of the Samuel-Kings cycle, most likely, a collective one) obviously adhered to his own version of Yahwism.

Merzifon is a town that has produced valuable historical figures for Islamic science and cultural life since the time of Celebi Sultan Mehmed (816824/1413-1421). These include scholars, faqihs, Sufis, qadis, and muftis. We should remember Abdurrahim Merzifoni, who was at the head of this science and cultural army. Muhammed Kocevi (d. 931/1524), who was mentioned among scholars of the era of Sultan Bayezid by Tashkopruzade, became a professor at Merzifon Madrasa. After Ilyas er-Rumi, Crimean Seyyid Ahmed b. Abdullah took the lead in education and training in Merzifon Madrasa. Another person who was a professor at Merzifon during the reign of Sultan Murad was Abdullah al-Amasi. Among the scholars of the Yavuz Sultan Selim period, we can also mention Molla Bunyad b. Muhammed b. Ivaz b. Murad b. Osman er-Rumi el-Merzifoni.

Jon Saklofske, in his paper "The Motif of the Collector and History in Ondaatje's Work" recognizes that Ondaatje rescues Buddy Bolden from historical obscurity by elevating and complicating the musician's largely forgotten history with a self-conscious and largely fictional synthesis of memory and imagination. The liberties Ondaatje takes in Coming Through Slaughter with his subject to achieve this re-presentation and the ownership of the portrait that results exposes this type of authorial activity as a problematic appropriation. Saklofske suggests that to understand the implications of Ondaatje's activity it is useful to compare his efforts with Walter Benjamin's "collector" figure, who is both a selfish, destructive thief, and a careful preserver. As a collector, Ondaatje becomes the owner and an essential part of this transformed and personalised image of Bolden. Further, Saklofske argues that Ondaatje preserves Bolden's presence, actively confronts historical exclusivity, and interrupts his own authority over his subject. Although his interaction with actual historical figures decreases with successive novels, Ondaatje's personal encounter with the impersonal machine of history continues, asserting itself repeatedly as a successful strategy against destructiveness or authoritative exclusion. Jon Saklofske, "The Motif of the Collector and History in Ondaatje's Work" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 6.3 (2004)

Los dirigentes de las excolonias españolas en América, con la independen- cia, asumieron, entre otras, la tarea de construir el Estado y la nación. Así, durante el siglo xix hubo diversas propuestas elaboradas por políticos e intelectuales de varios países latinoamericanos. En ese contexto, más allá de observar varias coincidencias fundamentales y algunas diferencias notables, es interesante constatar que muchos de estos pensadores utilizaban la literatura como un arma política en la lucha y en los de- bates por sus ideas. Uno de los medios más empleados fue la prensa, otro, la construc- ción de diálogos ficticios entre personajes históricos, como los que muy tempranamente realizara Bernardo de Monteagudo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII. Sin poder ana- lizarlos todos, este trabajo es una primera reflexión sobre una serie de estos diálogos decimonónicos publicados por el hondureño José Cecilio del Valle, «Diálogos de diver- sos muertos sobre la Independencia de la América», por considerarlo una propuesta clave a la hora de desandar el camino de la explicación del complejo entramado entre literatura, pensamiento político e independencia en las sociedades latinoamericanas en las primeras décadas del siglo xix.

By drawing on postcolonial feminist discourse and Hamid Naficy’s (2001) notion of ‘accented’ cinema, in particular his approach of combining the interstitial position of exilic and diasporic filmmakers with concepts of authorship and genre, this paper explores the intersection between biographical film, gendered rewriting of history, and self-narrative as a site of resistance to nationalist and patriarchal ideologies in Shirin Neshat’s Looking for Oum Kulthum (2017). I argue that Neshat’s authorial style and her position as an exilic artist inflect the biographical film in its traditional form, showcasing an innovative perspective on the genre, restructuring it to reveal the constructedness of not only a cinematic process, but also of history and historical figures. Blending the stories of a present-day Iranian woman filmmaker and the professional life of the legendary Egyptian singer Oum Kulthum, Neshat displaces the biopic from its Western-centric roots by explicitly opening it up to a discourse of contemporary gender politics in the Middle East. In doing so, she exposes the social forces that shape the production of the biopic in relation to the notion of female authorship in the context of the transcultural circuits and feminist reclaiming of Oum Kulthum’s international stardom.

This year is marked by two anniversaries — the 1150th anniversary of the great scientist and philoso- pher of the medieval East Abu Nasr al-Farabi and the 175th anniversary of the outstanding Kazakh poet and educator Abay Kunanbayuly. The authors ‘ scientific observation focuses on the formation of a new socio-cultural paradigm. Modern mediadiscourse is recognized by scientists and public figures as the main cultural factor of the era, requiring a comprehensive, polyhumanistic understanding, which gives relevance to the presented study. The purpose of this study is to establish a mechanism for reflecting a cultural event using media rhetoric tools. The legacy of al-Farabi and Abay Kunanbayuly, whose anniversaries are celebrated by the civilized world, acquires multiple resonance and modern sound thanks to rhetorical and information resources. The originality of the research approach lies in the two-fold composition of the object of study: the heritage of the great humanists of the past and the specificity of the media space of the present. Media rhetoric as a discursive practice has a necessary tool that is involved in the formation of the media picture of the world. Thanks to mass media, universal values in the heritage of great humanists become available to modern consumers of information. Historical figures themselves are perceived as media translators of cultural achievements and civilizational ideas that are equally important for the world human commu- nity. In the course of observation and application of scientific methods, the authors come to the conclu- sion that media rhetoric techniques are productive in the formation of the modern cultural and political context. Moral lessons of great humanists, presented in the format of event marketing, contribute to the deep assimilation of national history. A rhetorical appeal to the authority of historical figures places the necessary and timely accents in accordance with the logic of the modern cultural and political context. The practical significance of the results of the work is aimed at the use of media-rhetorical tech- niques in the Humanities and in the professional activities of practical journalists and public figures. The value of the study is to discover and comment on the mechanism of media rhetorical techniques involved in the formation of the media picture of the world.

In 2018, Russia's last tsar, Nicholas II, was the most popular of all Russian historical figures of the twentieth century; the fame of White officers such as Alexander Kolchak and Anton Denikin was also on the rise. Obviously, broad sympathy for the last Romanov does not imply support for a potential restoration of the monarchy, yet the past few years have seen the activation of several monarchist lobbies, especially around the Russian Orthodox Church and in some well-connected Kremlin circles that seek the ideological hardening of the Putin regime. In this article, I use the case study of the monarchist idea to explore how the Kremlin manages the production of a large and diversified set of ideologies. I explore how the relationship between state authorities, ideological entrepreneurs, and some societal actors such as the Church is articulated along a continuum of permanent complementarity and competition in the production of ideologies.

The article places attention on historical figures mentioned in one of the works of Ukrainian literature of the end of XVIII century – “The History of the Rus”. Even though conceptually this work borders with Cossack chronicles where women played secondary role, in “The History of the Rus” they take prominent place – there are around twenty of them overall. The research of the work is based mainly on the descriptive and the historical methods. The women in “The History of the Rus” may conditionally be divided into three groups. The first one is figures known from “Primary Chronicle” and “Hussite Chronicle”. Some of them the author only mentions, like princess Olga of Kiev or Anna Porphyrogenita, some are written about in more detail, like queen Jadwiga of Poland or Helena of Moscow, the wife of a Polish king who remained loyal to the Orthodox faith. The second group is the historical figures of the Cossack era, like the wife of Bohdan Khmelnythsky Motrona (named Hanna in the text) Chaplynska and Anastasia Markovych, the wife of Ivan Skoropadsky, who the author called “hetmansha”. The same group includes also quite an original story about one Semira, the wife of a Turkish pasha, who helped release the captives and then married Cossack scrivener Ivan Bohuslavec. The roots of this story, most likely, take from the folklore legend about Marusia Bohuslavka. The third group is formed by women who related to Russian history – starting from Marina Mniszech, the wife of False Dmitry I, and ending with Catherine II. The story of the events of XVIII century that were contemporary for the author is particularly detailed. But he mostly avoids expressing his own opinion on the statesmen of the time, although he writes with affinity about Yelizaveta Petrovna because of her favorable attitude towards Ukraine. And thus, the conclusion is made that although the range of the characters of “The History of Rus’” rarely crosses the lines of local history, unlike in the other Baroque chronicles, still most of the women mentioned in this work weren’t portrayed in previous works of ancient Ukrainian literature and are original for it. Key words: The History of the Rus; ancient Ukrainian literature; Ukraine; woman; historical figure.

This article raises the actual problem of relationship between human and nature, human beings and all other creatures. We see the solution of the problem in initiating of broad educational and pedagogical influences on philosophical values of the individual, starting from early childhood; emphasis is placed on the current unsatisfactory situation in this area. It is noted that the origins of solving the problem of educating children in a humane attitude to all life can be found in the educational, pedagogical and practical activities of organizations and individual figures who lived and worked in the late 19 — early 20 century. Among other prominent historical figures of the time, the figure of Ivan Ivanovych Horbunov-Posadov (1864–1940) was chosen as the most notable, with a significant but largely unstudied journalistic, artistic, educational and pedagogical heritage. This article is devoted to analysis of his humanistic ideas. The Russian educator’s diverse personal heritage is completely described — essays, stories, poems, that reveal the author’s kind, protective, caring attitude to nature, especially to animals, as well as his work as magazine editor and compiler of reading books showing children diverse and at the same time vulnerable world of all living beings. The article presents a circle of friends, like-minded persons and employees of I. I. Gorbunov-Posadov (L. Tolstoy, V. Chertkov, I. Perper, O. Horbunova- Posadova, V. Lukianska), who carried out this humane mission. Educator’s position and activity as a popularizer of vegetarianism, an activist of the vegetarian movement, one of the organizers of the 1st All-Russian Vegetarian Congress and the inspirer of the Moscow Vegetarian Society are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to pedagogical aspects of teacher’s creative heritage. The article in particular highlights and describes his specific advice on ways to form in children of different ages through school and family love, care and concern for all animals, even those that do not cause sympathy in children. Attention is paid to activity-based aspects of the educational process consisting in making bird feeders, constructing animal houses, and so on. The general conclusion to the above was a thought that the ideas and pedagogical approaches of I. I. Gorbunov-Posadov have not lost their significance, and in environmental crises become urgently relevant and can be used in modern multifaceted pedagogical interaction between adults, children and animals.

From the area of Social Sciences teaching, a special sensitivity has been shown for education from a gender perspective, being one of the educational areas in which this issue has been most developed, and one of the most recently developed lines of research. In addition to this sensitivity, in recent years the role that the issue of Sustainable Development Goals is gaining, among which is, as objective 5, gender equality. In this work, three didactic experiences of two subjects of Humanities and Social Sciences (Geography and History, Education for Citizenship and History of Philosophy) have been analyzed, whose main objective is to develop the curriculum of the subjects with the gender perspective. It is because, for students, both in the past and in the present, men seem to have a greater role as historical and social figures than women. The method with which we have worked is the comparative analysis of historical figures, to highlight this inequality, and to promote research on relevant female figures in each subject. The results are satisfactory because the students have discovered the leading role of female characters in different historical periods.

The YouTube platform hosts a multitude of video clips that contain various media representations of the collective memory of Soviet history. In this array of multimedia products, videos created by ordinary bloggers take their own place. Videos with themes about the recent Past are formed on the basis of digitized fragments of documentary and fiction films, photographs, posters, postcards, drawings, etc. Verbal comments of viewers-users to videos expand and change their semantic content. The purpose of the article is to reveal in the videos of ordinary bloggers various techniques for audiovisual constructing the collective memory of the mass repression of the 1930s and the Gulag. The criteria for selecting sources for the study are: the time they were posted on the YouTube platform (2010s), video bloggers claim to be documentary, the number of comments. The research results demonstrate that bloggers shape clusters of collective memory of the repressions and the Gulag using audiovisual signs and symbols that are easily recognizable by viewers. The same photographs and film fragments can “work” in video differently depending on how they relate to the verbal and audio components of multimodal text. The techniques used by bloggers for audiovisual documentation of the Soviet Past combine pre-digital and digital technologies. The selection of certain audiovisual components as “raw data” for video, their montage, giving historical figures certain roles, organizing time and space in a digital narrative, including different social and political contexts in it, all allow bloggers to form various representations of the collective memory of the Soviet past, depending on their ideological positions.

Bardzo ważną rolę w procesie szeroko rozumianej edukacji obywatelskiej społeczeństwa może i powinna odgrywać wiedza czerpana z badań nad biografiami rozmaitych postaci historycznych. Edukacyjne funkcje biografistyki mogą być realizowane w szczególności z pomocą takich środków jako popularne publikacje historyczne, zwłaszcza adresowane do młodzieży, fundowanie pomników czy tablic pamiątkowych czy odpowiednie regulacje w zakresie nazewnictwa ulic i innych miejsc publicznych. Jest rzeczą niezmiernie ważną, by wszelkie inicjatywy w tej dziedzinie odwoływały się do rzetelnych badań historycznych nad poszczególnymi postaciami. Niestety w praktyce bywa z tym rozmaicie. Częstym zjawiskiem bywa idealizowanie wybranych postaci historycznych i mniej lub bardziej sztuczne kreowanie ich kultu, polegające w szczególności na selektywnym wykorzystaniu informacji historycznych. Jaskrawym przykładem tego jest skrajna idealizacja pewnych postaci z najnowszej historii Opola.

Education is the main way to advance a nation. Progress is not only in terms of technological or physical aspects but also progress in human behavior and civilization. So it is not strange that the character of the people of a nation is a reflection of the quality of education. At present, the problem of the character of Indonesia's young generation is crucial to be overcome. The decline in character does not only occur in children with minimal education, but also occurs in children with secondary schooling. Many cases are related to this character decline, for example in Nagari Sungai Nyalo, Pesisir Selatan Regency. Nagari Sungai Nyalo as an active area in tourism, but not accompanied by changes in the behavior of its generation for the better, is evident that there are still many children of Nagari Sungai Nyalo who extort extortion to tourists, besides the spoken language has not been used reflecting the values of politeness. Facing this problem several attempts were made, one of which was the inculcation of character values through historical literacy. The essence of history is a storehouse of values and characters, one of which can be obtained through the story of historical figures, such as; Buya Hamka, Mohammad Hatta, Agus Salim, Natsir, Tan Malaka and other historical figures. These figures are great figures who not only have intellectual intelligence but also have extraordinary character and character. The moral values and personalities of these figures need to be instilled in the younger generation of children, as the authors have done with the children of Nagari Sungai Nyalo in Pesisir Selatan Regency.

There are growing debates over removing the names of racist historical figures from public schools and university campus buildings, streets, and other public spaces. This article develops a pedagog...

Con este texto se realizará un estudio sobre las ficciones televisivas American Horror Story: Coven (2013) y Apocalypse (2018) con el fin de comprobar si los personajes brujescos presentes en ellas perpetúan determinados estereotipos femeninos tradicionales. A través del análisis del modo en que son construidas las protagonistas de la serie y de sus diálogos, se determinará la continuidad de clichés como el de la mujer fatal o el de la figura femenina maternal y familiar. Además, se tratará de identificar posibles rasgos feministas en las brujas concebidas por Ryan Murphy y Brad Falchuk, así como establecer analogías entre estos y la apropiación de atributos brujescos por parte de ciertos grupos activistas –W.I.T.C.H.–. Paralelamente, se apuntarán otras cuestiones que en esta producción se vinculan con la bruja, como la aparición de personajes históricos reales o la problemática racial. Se descubrirá, finalmente, que el término bruja no se encuentra unido a una sola significación. Hablar de brujas supone hacerlo sobre algo más que el estereotipado y conocido personaje de ficción e identificar a la bruja, en femenino, con la curandera o con la partera, con la mujer socialmente calificada de fea y malvada, con la femme fatale, con la rebelde e independiente...

The results of the personality analysis of the Swedish king Charles XII are presented. Sweden was led by a bright charismatic personality with his own concept of government and his military leadership style - King Charles XII. The questions of the influence of personality and the concept of the reign of Charles XII on the course and results of his state and military activities are examined. The author of the article claims that it was Charles XII’s personal qualities that “helped” Peter I to fully unleash the potential inherent in him by nature, upbringing and education. A connection is made between these historical figures: the more stubbornly and longer the king embodied his life concept into reality, put his paradigm of ideas into action, the more he made it possible for Tsar Peter I to express his genius as a statesman, commander and naval commander. It is proved that the fundamental personality traits of the Swedish king, his stubborn longstanding, accompanied by the highest degree of resource mobilization, the war with Peter I contributed to the formation of the corresponding counterweight - the Russian Empire. In the author’s opinion, if history had not given Peter I such a charismatic adversary, he would have every chance to make it into history as Tsar Peter I, but not as Emperor Peter the Great. It is emphasized that the stubbornness, uncompromisingness of Charles XII, paradoxically, created Great Russia.

In 2018, the York Civic Trust in the United Kingdom initiated a welcome extension of the national “blue plaque” project of commemorating significant historical figures by installing the first of a ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate North Korea’s perception toward history by examining how portraits of historical figures in North Korea are produced and utilized on the basis of the postcards collection of ‘Portraits of Great Men(1957)’ published by the Misul Chulpansa in Pyongyang. First of all, Recreating ‘the great men’ s has to be performed with the interpretation and historical research on the era in which they lived. Also, the subjects ideas could influence in choosing the figures for the ‘Portraits of Great Men’ among the numerous historical ones. From this point of view, The figures in the ‘Portraits of Great Men’ could be recreation of the ideal figures of the North Korean society as the artwork. The ‘Portraits of Great Men’ collection is comprised of eight sheets in a set and printed 20,000 sheets. It contains portraits of half-length figures produced by eight artists centering on Sunwoo Dam and other talented artists such as Lee Quede, Jeong Gwan-cheol, Gil Jinseop, Lee Pal-chan, Ryu Hyun-sook, Oh Tae-gyeong and Ra Chan-geun. The portraits on the postcards were very realistically depicted by the strong influence of Pen Varlen(1916-1990). While he was in Pyongyang from 1953 to 1954 , he taught North Korean painters. In addition, the faces were depicted through several discussion with scholars, and the clothes and official hats were completed based on historical research. It appears that it was produced prior to the 3rd Labor Party meeting in 1956. In other words, these portraits were produced based on the materialistic view of history of Marx and Lenin prior to the sectarian strife of August 1956 and the purging of the Russian sect and coastal sect, and they also reflect the perspective of socialist democracy of North Korean historians. The historical figures selected for the ‘Portrait of Great Men explains not only the historical views of the North Korean regime focusing on Goguryeo but also interest on the Silhak(Practical Learning) scholars, who advocated the importance of science and technology and lived in a transition period from the collapse of the feudal society to in the beginning of capitalism. These portraits of historical figures, ‘Portraits of Great Men’ were published as postcards in 1957 to easy to carry as well as to elevate a sense of patriotism and victory. in conclusion, it is an attempt for the people to quickly overcome the ruins of war. The other reason to make postcards was convenience for mass reproduction and distribution to be used as a means for exchange with various countries that it had made cultural agreements with at the time. These portraits were not only produced as postcards, but were also used in various events commemorating the historical figures. The ‘Portraits of Great Men’ postcards collection exemplifies how historical figures were changed into visual cultures in the course of constructing North Korean nationalism based on socialist realism in the late 1950s. However, the portraits of these historical figures mostly disappeared from 1967 when the Kim Il-sung totalitarianism went into full swing. From this perspective, this ‘Portraits of Great Men’ postcards collection can be called material that makes it possible to read the changes in historical views, politics and culture of North Korea in the 1950s and 1960s. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as an opportunity to remember that South and North Korea are a single race that share the same history in order to overcome their cultural differences.

Despite the importance of political engagement, the topic has been the subject of little empirical research in developmental psychology, particularly with preadolescent samples. As a commonly available and developmentally appropriate source of media messages, picture books may inform young children about politics and influence their political engagement and aspirations. This study presents a content analysis of all books included on The New York Times best sellers list for children's picture books from 2012 to 2017. Books were reviewed for depictions of political issues, political processes, political leaders, symbols associated with politics or political leadership, and government employees. Nearly half of the books in the sample included at least one instance of politically relevant content. Relatively few books included depictions of political issues or processes. More books contained depictions of political leaders. Democratic leaders represented were predominantly historical figures, and were largely men and White. Relative to democratic leaders, monarchical leaders were more likely to be girls or women and to be children and were less likely to engage in political processes or decisions. The findings suggest that although many picture books contain some politically relevant content, picture books represent a missed opportunity for many aspects of political socialization.

En el proceso de construccion de la identidad cultural, los mitos desempenan un papel importante. Es el caso de la Malinche en Mexico y de la Reina Abla Pokou en Costa de Marfil, dos figuras historicas que se presentan como instrumentos de analisis y comprension de su pueblo. Para resaltar su rol fundador, se investiga el modo de creacion de las dos sociedades, sacando a luz las semejanzas, sus significados y ensenanzas. In the process of building cultural identity, mythology play an important role. This is the case of Malinche in Mexico and Queen Abla Pokou in Ivory Coast, two historical figures that are presented as instruments of analysis and understanding of their people. To highlight its founding role, the mode of creation of the two societies is investigated, bringing to light the similarities, their meanings and teachings.

This article describes the ways positioning theory is used to examine the reading responses of immigrant parents to texts about the contributions of historical figures of nondominant backgrounds. I...

For over two centuries, some of China’s most prominent officials, literary figures, and intellectuals have paid special attention to the legacy of Shi Lang. Compared to many other historical figures, in East Asia’s cross-strait tensions and geopolitics, Shi Lang remains essential to our understanding of this region’s troubled past and the murky outlook for its future. Although the image of Shi Lang continues to mean different things to different people, to some degree, his significance to one particular community is also communicated to other communities. As a result, by analysing most of the previous appraisals and examinations of Shi Lang, we can see the historical narratives of this man as being continually under construction in a shifting and mutually reinforcing process. This paper aims to examine the ways in which the legacy of Shi Lang has percolated throughout Chinese history, since the Qing Dynasty, and also how it continues to function in the present day. It is fascinating to not only delineate how the story of Shi Lang has evolved as a legacy, but also to explore the rich variety of ways in which an individual or a community has adapted the narratives that makes up the story of Shi Lang to suit the demands of different historical settings and perspectives.

La institución educativa suele tener una imagen sobria en su fachada, decorada únicamente con los colores oficiales. En este contexto, son pocos los establecimientos en los que se crean murales escolares, brindando vida y color al ambiente, pero también identidad a las personas que ahí estudian o laboran. El presente trabajo documenta y analiza las obras murales con figuras históricas encontradas en las escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Chihuahua, abriendo la reflexión hacia la importancia que este tipo de mural cobra dentro del plantel, el status institucional que puede llegar a tener, su carácter educativo hacia el alumnado y la relación que guarda con la historia del arte y la escuela del Muralismo Mexicano. Igualmente ofrece una breve interpretación de los distintos elementos a resaltar en las obras expuestas.

The awarding of the Newbery to James Daugherty's Daniel Boone was part of youth librarians’ response to critiques about the femininity of the children's book world. Daugherty's self-illustrated biography delivers literary masculinity with aplomb, presenting a muscular, jingoistic story about “freedom” that embodies both the self-reliance called for in the hardscrabble Depression and the patriotic spirit that would sustain the homefront during World War II. But the book's racist, mythic narrative now offends modern sensibilities, notably in its representations of Native Americans and women, and departs from contemporary ideas about the way youth biographies should present complex historical figures.

Using literature and related documents, the study reviews and analyzes the global trend of liberal arts education (LAE) resurgence and experimentation in different societies across three continents, East Asia, North America, and Western Europe. The study explores how LAE has been incorporated into different societies, how the variations in each model reflect local traditions and values, and what these adaptations contribute to the new LAE model. Through the angle of new institutional theory, the study focuses specifically on how these local models are impacted by institutional factors, the constraint of market, policy, state, as well as historical figures or organizations. This research with document analysis of global LAE summarizes the innovation and insights to date and calls for further research on LAE through new institutional theory and ideal types. This study builds the foundation for further research exploring the implementation and educational outcomes of LAE in different societies.

In the 21st century, the problem of innovating teaching and learning methods and applying information technology in the process of organizing training is an objective and urgent requirement both in the short and long term. This is a decisive factor in improving the quality of education and training in general and teaching national history in particular. Fortunately, the available video creation software (Biteable, ProShow Gold, Camtasia) are effective support tools in preparing electronic lesson plans. The application of the mentioned software to create documentaries about historical figures is an appropriate choice in the 4.0 era. Particularly, the application of these software in teaching about “Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border (1975-1979)” (also known as Cambodian-Vietnamese war) will create a new step for the problem of teaching and learning history. History teaching and learning activities at FPT educational institution are improved compared to traditional methods.

This article examines new notions about race, ethnicity and language current in modern movements of Arabic literary and cultural revival. I argue that the Arab print market before World War I adopted the racial category of the Semite as highly relevant to Arab ethnicity and language, but the philological and literary significations of the term subverted the negative constructions affiliated with the Semitic races in Western race theories. Combining elements from the study of linguistics, religion, and political philosophy, Arabic journals, books, and works of historical fiction, created a Semitic and Arab universe, populated by grand historical figures and mesmerizing literary and cultural artifacts. Such publications advanced the notion that the Arab races belonged to Semitic cultures and civilizations whose achievements should be a source of pride and rejuvenation. These printed products also conveyed the idea that the Arabic language and Arab ethnicity can create ecumenical and pluralistic conversations. Motivated by the desire to find a rational explanation to phenomena they identified with cultural and literary decline, Arab authors also hoped to reconstruct the modes with which their Semitic and Arab ancestors dealt with questions relating to community and civilization. By publishing scientific articles on philology, literature, and linguistics, the print media illustrated that Arabic itself was a language capable of expressing complex scientific concepts and arguments.

The collection of documents collected during the life and work of outstanding historical figures of the country, figures of society, culture and art, scientists, heroes, who made a lot of efforts to update and revive the culture, language, Kazakh traditions and customs, is called the documents of the foundation of personal origin. The broad development of the Kazakh people, having joined the international community in the period of its current independence, has led intellectuals of Kazakh nationality to the world of sociopolitical relations at the international level. Archival documents about their services to the people, their contribution to the prosperity of the state are a precious treasure, an inexhaustible wealth for our national ideology. One of the most important tasks is to study and pass on their value to the next generations. The article analyzes the current state of the process of formation of funds of personal origin in the republican archives of Kazakhstan (Central State Archive, Presidential Archive, Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation) and the list of sources of acquisition of documents of personal origin. The analysis of the issues of categorization of the formed funds of personal origin is carried out. The criteria for the examination of the values of accepted documents of personal origin are set out. The system of grouping depending on the genre and type of documents of personal origin in the list is described. Proposals are made on completing the republican archives with documents of personal origin, determining their values, categorizing, improving the means of scientific reference apparatus. Key words: archive, personal documents, personal origin foundation, formation, inventory.