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In contrast to the sciences, that were formed gradually and in many ways spontaneously, the development of bibliological disciplines was based on their theoretical comprehension without the expectation that they would all arise naturally. The central question remains unclear: is bibliology and its derivatives (library science, bibliography science) a complex of scientific disciplines or a complex discipline? In most cases, their union is limited to separate concepts that unite an established range of problems. This article aims to consider theoretical questions about the book and the bibliography as properties of living systems: what is their purpose, how do they “work” in the body, how do they arise in the course of evolution and how do they behave? Based on the achievements of neuroscience, first of all, on the research of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences K. V. Anokhin and his colleagues, the author considers the book as an external cognitome. It is a complete, alienated system of subjective experience formed in an organism in the process of evolution, individual development and learning. In other words, the book is already in us, it is already “embedded” in the body. The author must not invent it, he must translate it. Therefore bibliography can be viewed as a superstructure over an external cognitome. This is a network over a network, i. e. a hypernet. The main general theory is the understanding of the mechanism of interaction of three elements: books (kniga in Russian – K) and (in Russian– I) a bibliography (bibliografiya in Russian – B) – these stands for KIB, where I (and) is the key element. The article considers the issues of reading as a challenge for the brain and thinking in the digital age. Particular attention is paid to “distant reading” (F. Moretti) by using Digital Humanities. F. Moretti's predecessor was the Russian researcher B. I. Yarkho (1889–1942). It concludes that the general theory of science about a book and bibliography should be based on three components: 1) understanding the mechanism of the relationship between a book as an external cognitome and bibliography as a hypertext (KIB); 2) exploring the study of close and distant reading in the digital age; 3) the formation of the foundations of the theory exact study of bibliography.

El objetivo del artículo es presentar un algoritmo para asignar áreas temáticas a documentos digitales que sirva como herramienta de apoyo al análisis temático dentro de la organización de la información, con el fin de ser implementado en el desarrollo de vocabularios controlados. La metodología utilizada consistió en aplicar el Reconocimiento Óptico de Caracteres (ROC) y la Asignación Latente de Dirichlet (ALD) como las principales herramientas para el desarrollo de un algoritmo basado en el lenguaje de programación Python, que permite la lectura de archivos con extensión PDF para la obtención de los principales temas del corpus textual. Los resultados de la aplicación del algoritmo demuestran su utilidad en el área de la indización como un sistema para identificar y extraer temas relevantes de un documento específico en formato electrónico, permitiendo la automatización de procesos por parte del profesional de la información. De esta forma, se concluye su uso como desarrollo de puntos de acceso alternativos en función del contenido de los textos.

In 1997, Stephen Batchelor published his ideas about a new form of Buddhism free of religion in the book Buddhism Without Beliefs. This concept of Buddhism would later be known as Secular Buddhism....

This paper is essentially a get of references to further reading for the entire operating system topics. The selected references are representative of studied dealing with computer operating systems. The references are subgrouped into due to use categories.

En el “Archivo del microrrelato mexicano. Fuentes para su estudio (1917- 2020)” (Conceptos, núm. 1, 2020) se registran 651 libros clasificados en el género de la minificción, de éstos 102 fueron signados por autoras. Veinte más pertenecen al rubro de las antologías coordinadas por escritoras. De quince literatos mexicanos publicados en el extranjero, nueve son narradoras arraigadas en los terrenos de la minificción, dos de ellas residentes en Europa. En “En tinta negra. Libros de microrrelatos de escritoras mexicanas (1931-2020)” se mapea el espacio que ocupan los volúmenes de las escritoras de microrrelatos en la literatura mexicana del siglo XX y las décadas en curso del XXI. Su origen, punto de partida, es la obra de Nelly Campobello, Cartucho. Relatos de la lucha en el norte de México (1931), libro pionero en el microrrelato. Cartucho es al microrrelato lo que Poemas y ensayos a la minificción., “Mexican flash fiction archive. Sources for its study (1917-2020)” (Concepts, no. 1, 2020) records 651 books classified in the genre of minifiction, of which 102 were authored by female authors. Twenty more belong to the category of anthologies coordinated by women writers. Of fifteen Mexican writers published abroad, nine are female writers firmly rooted in the realms of minifiction, of which two live in Europe. “In Black Ink. Flash Fiction Books by Mexican Female Writers (1931-2020),” maps the space occupied by books written by women writers of flash fiction in 20th-century Mexican literature and the current decades of the 21st century. Its summit, origin and starting point is the work of Nelly Campobello, Cartridge: Tales of the fight in Northern Mexico (1931), a ground-breaking book in flash fiction. Cartridge is to flash fiction what Poemas y ensayos is to minifiction.

This paper begins with an account of the history of modern editions of Spenser’s View, analyzes textual scholarship, and concludes with a skeptical reexamination of Spenser’s rhetorical objectives. As this paper will demonstrate, a critical bibliography is needed to clarify the dates, scribes, and provenance of the twenty-one complete manuscripts of the View of the Present State of Ireland.

P. Korshunov’s contribution to the theory of bibliography is discussed; the discipline structure and development stages are analyzed. The main principles of Oleg P. Korshunov’s theory are outlined: dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete applied to bibliographic phenomena studies; the view of document communication system as a metasystem of bibliographic functioning. The theory also sees the contradictions/information barriers existing in the system of document communications as an intrinsic reason for the emergence of mediating social institutions (libraries, archives, bibliography, etc.), which mission is to establish correspondence between documents and end users. Oleg P. Korshunov also developed the concept of bibliographic information as an intrinsic distinction of bibliography from other types of information activity; he derived the modes and functions of bibliographic information and common patterns of bibliographic activity. The author specifies several rival bibliography theories: information-cultural (M. G. Vokhrysheva, N. B. Zinovieva), ideographic (N. A. Sliadneva), management (A. A. Grechikhin), semiotic (G. Ya. Uzilevskiy), and synergetic (T. A. Novozhenova). The author points to the conceptual diversity of the theory of bibliography in Russia and current unavailability of the single theory. The author demonstrates the achievements and challenges of the theory of bibliography within the framework of academic studies, as well as maturity of bibliography subdisciplines, i. e. theory and methodology of bibliography, history of bibliography, management of bibliographic activities, bibliographic methods and technologies. The prospects of theory of bibliography are specified as stated by Russian scholars on the basis of Thomas S. Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions. They unanimously connect development history of theory of bibliography to the bibliological and documentological paradigms (in different terminologies), while interpreting the future of bibliography in different ways though always with dominating technological issues.

In the article the status of Ukrainian bibliological research and its main characteristics throught the last two decades, i.e. since the beginning of the 21st century, are presented. The main centres, scientifi c schools, problematics of research, contribution of particular scientists in the development of bibliology and certain bibliologic disciplines are defi ned. The author discusses main trends of bibliological research at the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine as a main scientifi c institution in the fi eld of bibliology and particular bibliologic disciplines: codicology, book monument studies, history of book culture, expertise of rare books, research of historical library collections.

La presente investigación aborda, desde la metodología de la lectura crítica, el filme de ficción como documento audiovisual. Parte de la hipótesis de cómo el relato audiovisual es capaz de representar, mediante su lectura reflexiva, el espíritu de una época. Ciertos fenómenos sociales, como la soledad, pueden entenderse de un modo más profundo a partir de la mirada subjetiva de un autor y su obra ficticia. Desde décadas recientes, vivir solo ha dejado de ser algo estadísticamente marginal o socialmente extraño. Por una parte, se ha convertido en una oportunidad vital para alcanzar objetivos personales; por la otra, en un problema social que implica a un número cada vez mayor de individuos. A través de un ensayo de lectura del relato audiovisual, este artículo examina cómo se hace sensible al espectador la soledad a través del caso de estudio del filme Taxi Driver, con guion de Paul Schrader y dirección de Martin Scorsese. Se examina el modo en que se encarna esa soledad a través de la puesta en escena de un guion en el que la escritura de un diario personal es clave para racionalizar las imágenes documentales de una época.

The article explains the objective reason for the emergence of documentology along with documentation and documentary studies, the relevance and practical significance for library science and bibliography. Attention is drawn to the outstanding role of Paul Otlet (Paul Marie Ghislain Otlet; 1868–1944) in the promotion and development of the theoretical foundations of the general theory of the document. The concept of three worlds, in particular, “the world of logical content of books, libraries, computer memory, and the like”, developed by Karl Popper (Karl Raimund Popper; 1902–1994) enabled to bring documentology to the level of a philosophical discipline. The stages of development of documentology are defined. The first stage embraces the late 19th – first half of the 20th centurys, the second covers the mid-20th century (1950–60s), when in the USSR it was known as “documentalistics”. Simultaneously, since the early 1960s, the document science has been developing with its specific methodology, individual acts and systems of documenting and creating documents, and on this foundation, their complexes and systems (the third stage). The documentation is contradictory: it claims to study both documents as proper objects, and those objects of workflow management, which have got the term “records” used in the Western countries. The fourth stage of development of the document general theory originates in the second half of the 1980s. In the early 1990s, Moscow State Institute of Culture proposed the term documentology to be used for the general theory of documents. The discipline core embraces the issues related to the conceptual apparatus, functional analysis of documents, study of their characteristics, parameters and properties, document classification, as well as study of the documents as a means of communication and an element of document collections.

The bibliography of literary criticism and essays (articles, reviews, literary portraits and parallels, critical and biographical essays, etc.) by Arkady Semyonovich Dolinin (1880–1968), first published here, gives an idea of the field of interest of a great Soviet literary critics before the beginning of his scholarly activity, in the first decades of the XX century. The paper traces the path of Dolinin - literary critic, his appeal to the classical (F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.I. Herzen, etc.) and modern (A.P. Chekhov, B.K. Zaitsev, F. Sologub, D.S. Merezhkovsky, etc.) literature, his artistic and aesthetic preferences (from realism to modernism), and his religious and philosophical quest against the background of social and political struggle during the First World War, the Revolution and the Civil War. The paper gives an analysis of Dolinin's method: biographical and psychological approach, Critical attitude to the sociological (“pypinism”) and formal- aesthetic (“shklovskism”) methods, comments on the ideological and creative relations with S.A. Vengerov, his teacher at Petrograd University. Special attention is paid to Dolinin's intensive critical work in 1918 –1920 in the Arkhangelsk newspaper Renaissance of the North, where he chronicled Russian literary life at a historical turning point, reflecting on the works of V.V. Rozanov, L.N. Andreev, A.M. Gorky, A.M. Remizov, A.A. Blok, etc. An important achievement of Dolinin was the discovery of young, still unknown talents: L.M. Leonov, B.V. Shergin, A.V. Tufanov.

The article is devoted to the memory of Irina Yurievna Fomenko (April 4, 1953 — May 30, 2020), philologist and book critic, the leading researcher in the Research Scientific Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library, responsible editor of four volumes of the “Union catalogue of Russian books. 1801—1825”. The authors give brief biography of I.Y. Fomenko, summarize information about her 150 scientific publications, which reflect the domestic publishing repertoire of the first quarter of the 19th century, relate to various aspects of working with early printed books, the subtleties of bibliographic description and book annotation. I.Y. Fomenko studied the creative heritage of M.N. Muravyev and defended PhD thesis on his prose. She wrote a number of articles for the Dictionary of Russian writers of the 18th century. With her participation, there were created catalogues of books of civil press and private owner’s collections from various holdings. Biographies of Russian writers of the 18th — 19th centuries, written by I.Y. Fomenko, were included in the collection of Russian literary studies.

This article attributes one of the three “first” editions of Leviathan to the London printer John Richardson (fl. 1673–1703), revising Noel Malcolm’s attribution to a different printer in the recent Clarendon Edition of Leviathan. We lay out the mystery of Leviathan’s so-called “Ornaments” edition and use evidence from damaged type pieces to say why we attribute its printing to Richardson. We then give a short sketch of Richardson’s life and career and present evidence that supports a new date for the edition, including newly discovered advertisements and evidence from deteriorating type. We conclude with some implications for book history and bibliography, on the one hand, and Hobbes scholarship on the other. We argue that what we call “computational bibliography”—the analysis of bibliographical evidence through computational methods such as machine learning and computer vision— offers new angles for seeing the materiality and craft of clandestine, anonymously-printed books like Hobbes’ Leviathan.

The Coronavirus crisis of 2020 has seriously changed the state of the book industry around the world, including the technological aspect of industry interaction. Revision of the publishing policy and optimization of internal resources become inevitable. Digitalization of the book market and growth of sales through Internet channels has speeded up radically. Both publishers and libraries are significantly increasing their presence on the Internet and working to develop a variety of educational online services. Electronic library book has become more popular, and the number of requests to the National electronic library has increased. During this period, the professional community has an updated request to create National digital book platform that can unite book industry entities, among which libraries are the key link. Development of this initiative received a new impetus at the 33rd Moscow International Book Fair, held on September 2—6, 2020 in the Manege Central Exhibition Hall. V.V. Duda, General Director of the Russian State Library, notes that the idea of creating the National Bibliography of Russia should be the basis of the technological development of the project.

El Catálogo de manuscritos especiales de España, anteriores al año 1600, que logró juntar en la mayor parte un curioso andaluz, es el largo título de una obra anónima y sin fecha, que se ha considerado tradicionalmente un inventario hecho en 1804 de una misteriosa biblioteca de la que nada se ha podido averiguar, aunque se cree que tras ese “curioso andaluz” se esconde el sevillano Argote de Molina. En las líneas que siguen, demostraremos que el Catálogo no pasa de ser un simple listado de títulos de manuscritos que su anónimo autor sacó de diversas fuentes escritas, algunas de las cuales damos a conocer The Catálogo de manuscritos especiales de España, anteriores al año 1600, que logró juntar en la mayor parte un curioso andaluz, is the long title of an anonymous and undated work, which has traditionally been considered an inventory made in 1804 of a mysterious library of which nothing is clarified until present although it is believed that behind this “curioso andaluz” hides Argote de Molina from Seville. In the following lines, we will show that the Catálogo is not more than a simple list of manuscript titles that is anonymous author extracted from various written sources, some of which are showed now

The current state of the study of Russian dialects in Karelian Seaside is analyzed, the territory of the studied region, which coincides with the boundaries of the dialectal division of the Russian language in 1915 is indicated. It is shown that the exclusion of Karelian Seaside from the dialectal division of 1965, which was an indirect reason for the lack of proper research attention to this region is unjustified. An overview of linguistic works devoted to the study of various language levels (phonetic, grammatical, lexical) is presented. The review of dictionaries, including the vocabulary of Russian dialects of the Karelian Seaside, is carried out. The prospects and objectives of the study are determined. In particular, future research is associated with comparative work on the study of the preservation / change of linguistic phenomena at each level, including the lexical one, which is the most stable in its main core. It is primarily due to extralinguistic reasons. Particular attention is paid to the use of digital technologies when creating a textual database, tested on the materials of the Karelian Seaside. It is noted that the electronic resource will make it possible to constantly introduce new data into scientific circulation, connecting them to various aspects of research, both linguistic and broader humanitarian.

We estimate the difference between the solution to the Cauchy problem for a inhomogeneous heat equation and the Riesz means for large time provided that the right-hand side of the heat equation has at most power growth at infinity. Bibliography: 8 titles.

The Russian State Library has made significant contribution to the development of Russian bibliographic thought, starting from the period of the Great Patriotic War (holding scientific conferences, defending PhD theses on bibliography topics by library employees). The major achievement is the development of problems of recommendatory bibliography: the works by B.A. Smirnova of the 1940s through 1960s, major collective studies conducted in 1967—1989 under supervision of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR on the problems of “Effectiveness of recommendatory bibliography in reading guidance” and “Recommendatory bibliography as means of promoting books and reading guidance”. In 1976—1989, the sector of bibliography theory played the significant role in the development of Russian bibliography (since 1983 — the sector of general problems of theory, methodology and organization of bibliography). The release of the serial collection of scientific works “Voprosy bibliografovedeniya” [Questions of bibliography science] (1976—1990) was of great theoretical and organizing value. In the 1990s, when there were no divisions on bibliography science, a number of monographs and dissertations on bibliographic topics were created by individual Library employees. In the Scientific research department of bibliography, established in 1999, there was organized the bibliography science sector (existed until 2015), where famous bibliographic scholars V.A. Fokeev and B.A. Semenovker worked. Within the framework of the sector, G.L. Levin researched on the problems of the national bibliography of Russia. Studies in bibliography science were also created by the other employees of the Department (S.P. Bavin, A.V. Teplitskaya). In 2001, there were resumed publication of the collection “Voprosy bibliografovedeniya” and the activity of the Dissertation Council, where seven dissertations on bibliographic topics were defended by the RSL employees. At present, both researchers and bibliographers of the Scientific Research Department of Bibliography carry out scientific research in parallel with the compilation activities. The authors of bibliographic publications are also employees of other scientific and library divisions of the Russian State Library. Of great importance is the activity of the Scientific Research Department of Bibliography on the information support of bibliographic science, such as creation of indexes of bibliographic literature and bibliographic production of libraries.

In 2005, the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences established the “Bibliosphere” Journal, well known in our sector multidisciplinary periodical on library science, bibliography, computer science, book studies and related cultural issues. It formed the synthetic heading covering issues common to the entire bibliosphere, and the word “Bibliosphere” has become a professional term with its own definition. The Journal constantly maintains the columns on library science, bibliology, bibliography science and others.The article presents the review of the publications of synthetic nature that have methodological and general theoretical significance for the complex of the related disciplines that form bibliosphere: library science, bibliography science, bibliology, book culture and computer science. Maintaining the column “Methodology of Scientific Research Works” is specific particular to “Bibliosphere” Journal and refers to its undoubted success. From the very first issues, the Journal crossed the planned regional scale and declared itself as a serious periodical of theoretical and methodological level.

The article considers issues related to the study of the creative heritage of Kazimir Malevich. It characterizes Russian and foreign researchers and their main works, highlights and analyzes the difference of domestic and foreign researchers’ approaches to the study of the artist’s heritage. Besides, the article reveals the basic principles used by researchers and including mainly a chronological study of life and creative biography, philosophical and art history analysis, art history and linguistic analysis of graphic sheets, attribution and technology in the works of K. Malevich, and determines the predominance of art history analysis in both Western and Russian bibliography

The lexicographical information resources are being studied by many scientific disciplines: the library science, bibliography, bibliology, lexicography, etc. The author examines the polar-opposite opinions regarding the terms “typo­logy” and “classification”, i. e. their synonymity or absolute demarcation. As a result of scholarly discussions, the terms “bibliotypology” and “typological classification”, “typology of classification”, “typology of typologies”, etc., emerged. The major problems of classification/typology of lexicographical information resources are analyzed. These problems hinder the reference and bibliographic user services. The problems embrace comprehension of modern lexicographical processes, diversity of classifications/typologies, dictionary boom, rise in the number of dictionaries, their types and genres, typological and aspectual synonymity of dictionaries, etc. The solutions for these types of information resources are suggested (integrated studies by lexicographers, linguists, information and library scientists; identification of major groups of characteristics to be used in classification/typology of lexicographical information resources, etc.). The author’s alphabet explanatory synonymic glossary “The vectors of modern national lexicography” [in Russian] and the alphabet union synonymic bibliography “The modern dictionaries of the Russian language” comprise the terms essential for reference and bibliographic services when executing queries of lexicographical and socio-humanitarian character.

In this paper, we compare the distribution of Elsevier Scopus subject areas of authors’ documents, their bibliographical references and their citing documents. We compute the complement of the Herfindahl–Hirschman index as a measure of multidisciplinarity. We analyse a sample of 120 researchers belonging to two groups, one from the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT, whose work is expected to be highly multidisciplinary) and one from the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN, whose work is expected to be much less multidisciplinary). We show that the two groups are distinguishable through the measured index values. By using the subject areas of authors’ bibliographical references we obtain a better identification of the two groups than relying on the subject areas of the author’s documents. We then extend the analysis to 3317 researchers belonging to seven Italian Scientific-Disciplinary sectors (SSD) providing insights about the degree of multidisciplinarity within each SSD. The results seem interesting for assessing the multidisciplinarity of younger researchers with scarce scientific output and few citations.

Abou-Nigm, V.R. & Noodt Taquela, M.B. (eds.), Diversity and Integration in Private International Law (2019). Allen, S., Costelloe, D., Fitzmaurice, M., Gragl, P. & Guntrip, E., The Oxford Handbook of Jurisdiction in International Law (2019). Amaral, G.R., Judicial Precedent and Arbitration—Are Arbitrators Bound by Judicial Precedent? A Comparative Study of UK, US and Brazilian Law and Practice (2d ed. 2018). Amtenbrink, F., Davies, G., Kochenov, D. & Lindeboom J. (eds.), The Internal Market and the Future of European Integration: Essays in Honour of Laurence W. Gormley (2019). Andenas, M. & Fairgrieve, D., Courts and Comparative Law (2019). Athanassiou, L.I., Maritime Cross-Border Insolvency: Under...

A toolkit has been developed that allows one to build directed forests from other directed forests. With its help, inequalities are proved, which connect the weights of minimal directed forests with different numbers of trees in them. A theorem on the minimum necessary changes that must be made in the minimal directed forest is also proved in order to obtain another minimal directed forest with the number of roots different by one. Bibliography: 10 titles.

This bibliography is a first step in recording the writing of Bernard Narokobi. It is organized in three sections. The first section lists published pieces by Narokobi as sole author. Successive ed...