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Many early childhood programs are not prepared to meet the needs of children who have significant social, emotional, and behavioral challenges. Program-Wide Supports for Pyramid Model Implementation (PWS-PMI) provides a systematic approach to supporting early childhood programs using Pyramid Model practices and enhancing children's social-emotional outcomes that is grounded in implementation science. We designed the current study to test the PWS-PMI intervention and examine its feasibility of implementation in community-based early childhood programs serving children from low-income environments. In this study, we found programs increased their implementation of PWS-PM and improved classroom practices after only one year of support. Our findings indicate a program-wide approach is effective, although more time and support will be necessary to sustain high fidelity implementation and produce robust effects on children.

Deep learning for 3-D point cloud perception has been a very active research topic in recent years. A current trend is toward the combination of the semantically strong and the fine-grained information from different scales of intermediate representations to boost network generalization power and robustness against scale variation. One prominent challenge is how to effectively conduct the allocation of multiple scales of information. In this letter, we propose a module, named adaptive pyramid context fusion (APCF), to adaptively capture scales of contextual information from a multiscale feature pyramid for the point cloud. The APCF module reweights and aggregates the features from different levels in the feature pyramid via a softmax attention strategy. The allocation of information is adaptively conducted level by level from bottom to up first and then from top to bottom. To ensure both effectiveness and efficiency, we propose a multiscale context-aware network APCF-Net through applying our proposed APCF to the PointConv architecture. Experiments demonstrate that APCF-Net surpasses its vanilla counterpart by a large margin both in effectiveness and efficiency. Especially, APCF-Net outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on 3-D object classification and semantic segmentation task, with the overall accuracy of 93.3% on ModelNet40 and mIoU of 63.1% on ScanNet V2 online test.

God Andjety in Coffin Texts Abstract Andjety was the ancient Egyptian deity of the ninth Nome, centered at Andjet, which was known as Busiris to the Greeks. He was also known by the names Anezti or Andjety and is considered one of the earliest Egyptian gods, possibly with roots in prehistoric times. Andjety is thought to have been a precursor of Osiris. Andjety he is depicted holding the crook and flail and has part of the Atef crown (the two feathers). Pharaoh Sneferu of the Fourth Dynasty, builder of the first true pyramid, is shown wearing the crown of Andjety. In the Pyramid texts the deceased pharaoh is identified with Andjety. In the temple of Seti I, the pharaoh is shown offering incense to Osiris-Andjety who is accompanied by Isis. He also is shown to have fertility aspects, being known by the epithet of "bull of vultures". His name is sometimes written with a stylized uterus in place of the feathers in the hieroglyphs. There are many cities associated with the name of Osiris which causes some problems, In early texts Osiris was related to more than one site, the most important among these being Busiris, a city in the delta whose Greek name PER WSJR , means "House of Osiris ". Osiris is called "Lord of Busiris, and the epithet even precedes "Lord of Abydos" it has therefore been assumed that Osiris' original home was in the Delta, especially since the god of the Busirite region, Andjety

Mathematics is a difficult subject for students, causing low motivation, interest and student learning outcomes. To attract students to be more interested in learning mathematics, they must use interactive learning media so that learning is not boring and fun. This study aims to develop a multimedia adventure game in pyramid topic based on mobile learning in grade eight. This study uses the 4-D development model, however, at the stage of dissemination only limited distribution is carried out. The subjects in this study were grade eight students of one of junior school in Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. The results of the study based on the validation of topic and media experts showed that the quality of multimedia was good. Meanwhile, based on the teacher's ability for managerial to learn is also categorized as good, the activities of students during the learning process reach the ideal time criteria, the responses of all students are classified as very positive of 90.56% and learning tests show that 72.5% of students achieve completeness. This shows that the adventure multimedia game based on mobile learning in pyramid topic is valid, practise, and effective.

The main concern of this article is the nature and the role of an EFL classroom speaking activity, known as pyramid discussion, whereby learners progressively form larger groups as they carry out a series of discussions on certain topics. This research interest stemmed from my personal experiences as an English language teacher in the context of Japan in which the majority of the teachers still regard the act of teaching English as the presentation of compartmentalized knowledge, as opposed to the promotion of communicative abilities. In this article, I introduce an action research study into the employment of the pyramid discussion approach in an English Teaching Methods course at a Japanese university and illuminate the effectiveness of the approach on the students, who are pre-service English teachers, in the course. Data will detail how the approach could notably assist the participants in seizing communication opportunities in English and in holding positive attitudes toward their teacher, classmates, and themselves as learners and future teachers of English. Implications are provided as a conclusion

Aims: This study aims to analyse and describe how much influence of service quality has on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Study Design: This type of research is quantitative, with a conclusive causal approach, research that aims to obtain a conclusion from the data that obtained and processed which explains the causal relationship between the variables. Place and Duration of Study: the study was conducted at Pyramid Suites Hotel Banjarmasin, started in September 2020 until July 2021. Methodology: The population in this study are guests of Hotel Pyramid Suites who stay more than three times. The research sample was 100 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire which was then used as a score tabulation for each variable studied. The data analysis method used in this study is Smart PLS 3. Results: Tangible has a negative effect on customer satisfaction of -0.411, then the t-statistic value is 2.930, this value > t-table of 1.96 and the P value is 0.004 which is smaller than 0.05. Reliability has a positive effect on customer satisfaction of 0.563, then the t-statistical value is 2.679 and the P value is 0.008. Responsiveness has a positive influence on customer satisfaction of 0.280, then the t-statistic value is 2.012, this value is > 1.96 and the P value is 0.045. Assurance has a positive effect on customer satisfaction of 0.184, then the t-statistic value is 2.684, the P value is 0.008. Empathy has a positive influence on customer satisfaction of 0.337, then the t-statistic value is 3.084, the P value is 0.002. Customer satisfaction has a positive influence on customer loyalty of 0.802, then the t-statistic value is 18.260, and the P value is 0.000. Conclusion: The results show that service quality which consist of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy affect customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction affects customer loyalty

Airlines and researchers have been working to reduce the health risk to passengers from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Recent literature indicates that the Reverse Pyramid boarding method provides a lower health risk than other boarding methods using a limited number of boarding groups, while keeping the middle seats empty. With a primary objective of minimizing health risks, we determine the number of passengers to include in each boarding group when using the Reverse Pyramid method. We examine how the optimal performance varies with the volume of carry-on luggage, the social distance maintained between passengers walking down the aisle, and the number of boarding groups. An increased quantity of luggage increases health risk, while changing the aisle social distance from 1m to 2m brings provides negligible health value to seated passengers. Increasing the number of boarding groups decreases the risk to passenger health while increasing the time to complete boarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology has been called to the rescue on a number of occasions, be it in large classes, under-resourced contexts, after earthquakes or other natural disasters. The COViD-19 pandemic which struck the whole world in spring 2020 afterwards necessitated a sudden shift from face-to-face to distance teaching. With no preparation, no training and very little support from the state, language teachers had to find their own ways transferring language instruction to the online medium. This paper explores the modes, approaches, affordances and obstacles of COViD-era grammar and vocabulary teaching in Poland. Apart from examining the shape of online teaching from two perspectives (student teachers and school teachers), the study confronts the approaches used in Polish schools against well-established models: stages of CALL (Warschauer & Healey, 1998, Bax, 2003), sAMR (Puentedura, 2006) and skills pyramid (Hampel & stickler, 2005). © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

This paper describes the approach used by two demonstration sites to implement Pyramid Model Practices at fidelity and address behavioral issues without the use of suspension and expulsion. The art...

Objective: This paper aims to analyze the impact of non-essential purchases, particularly smartphones on self-determination and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers. It also studies the impact of patience on self-determination and subjective well-being of such customers.Methodology: 665 questionnaires were personally administered to respondents. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM) was performed using Smart PLS software to test multiple dependency relationships between non-essential purchases, self-determination, subjective well-being and patience.Main Results: Non-essential purchases, particularly smartphones, had a direct impact on self-determination and an indirect impact on subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers. Non-essential purchases fulfilled psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness that led to subjective well-being. Moreover, patience was established as a significant predictor of self-determination and subjective well-being.Theoretical/ Methodological contributions: This paper makes a theoretical contribution by connecting social identity theory, theory of self-determination and patience with non-essential purchases and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers.Relevance/ originality: Relatively fewer researches are available in Western marketing literature that connect patience with self-determination and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid consumers. The novel insight of this research showed that when poverty related adverse situations tend to lower self-determination and subjective well-being of BoP customers, patience does not let them despair.Management and social implications: Marketers can use the insights from this research to develop products that satisfy bottom of pyramid customer’s psychological needs for autonomy, and relatedness that lead to subjective wellbeing in a consumer society. Study objective: This paper analyzes the impact of non-essential purchases, particularly smartphones, and patience on self-determination and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers.Method: 665 questionnaires were personally administered to respondents. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM) was performed using SmartPLS software to test multiple dependency relationships between non-essential purchases, self-determination, subjective well-being and patience.Main results: Non-essential purchases, particularly smartphones, had a direct effect on self-determination and an indirect effect on subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers. Non-essential purchases fulfilled psychological need for self-determination, that led to subjective well-being. Moreover, patience was established as a significant predictor of self-determination and subjective well-being.Theoretical/ methodological contributions: This paper makes a theoretical contribution by connecting social identity theory, self-determination theory and patience with non-essential purchases and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers.Relevance/ originality: Relatively fewer researches are available in Western marketing literature that connect patience with self-determination and subjective well-being of bottom of pyramid customers. The novel insight of this research showed that non-essential purchases can restore a sense of subjective well-being in such customers and when poverty related adverse situations tend to lower subjective well-being of these customers, patience positively impacts their self-determination and does not let them despair.Managerial and social implications: Marketers can use the insights from this research to develop products that satisfy bottom of pyramid customer’s psychological needs for self-determination that lead to subjective wellbeing in a consumer society.

This study aims to determine the loyalty of consumers who buy rice in Pekanbaru City. The method used is the survey method for households in Pekanbaru City, which consists of 12 Districts which are divided proportionally based on BPS data in 2020. The sample in this study is 240 households, based on the field survey results obtained for consumer characteristics are at 84.00% of the productive age ranges from 15 - 35 years old. For educational characteristics, 63.41% of undergraduate consumer education (S1) covers various fields of science. Then for the characteristics of income, it is found that as much as 6.92% of consumer income is 2,888,564 or equivalent to MSEs. Whereas for the type of work obtained as many as 57.4% have a livelihood / job as private employees. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of consumer loyalty are not yet at the level of loyal buyers because the loyalty pyramid value of Switcher buyers is still above 50% and the value of committed buyers is still very small, namely 26.67%. The level of loyalty of rice consumers in the city of Pekanbaru is not yet at the level of loyal buyers because in the loyalty pyramid the value of Switcher buyers is still above 63%, which is 56.61% with the frequent category and the committed buyer value is also very small, namely 49.72% with the non-category. like, for the value of Liking The Brand and Satisfied Buyer, which is 100% with the very satisfied category. And the Habitual Buyer value is 96.66% with the category agree.

Willingness to communicate (WTC) reflects an intersection between instructed second language acquisition and learner psychology. WTC results from the coordinated interaction among complex processes that prepare second language (L2) learners to choose to use their L2 for authentic communication. Prior research has revealed considerable complexity in the influences on dynamic changes in WTC from moment-to-moment. The heuristic ‘pyramid model’ of WTC (MacIntyre et al., 1998) proposes interactions among approximately 30 different variables that may influence WTC. The present study uses the pyramid model to interpret data from three focal participants, all English as a second language (ESL) learners and international students in Canada, with varying degrees of experience in an English-speaking context. Using the idiodynamic method, all participants were recorded while describing a self-selected, personally meaningful photo. Second, participants rated their WTC in English using software that played a recording of their speech and collected continuous WTC ratings. Finally, participants were interviewed about their WTC ratings. Triangulating the data revealed how processes on multiple timescales interact during L2 communication about the photos. WTC changes as speakers’ motivations and emotions are influenced by the deep, personal relevance of the topics under discussion. Pedagogical implications for the results of this study and the use of the idiodynamic method in L2 classrooms are discussed.

This study aims to construct a pentuple bottom line hierarchical pyramid at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. The triple bottom line is the key to drive the success of implementing business sustainability. The pentuple bottom line is a deconstruction of the triple bottom line concept. The researcher used a postmodernist paradigm with imaginary dialogue as a research method. The imaginary dialogue consists of two specialists namely accountant and investor. The result of this research is a pentuple bottom line hierarchical pyramid model. The pentuple bottom line hierarchical pyramid is a model for measuring company managerial performance consisting of ethical responsibilities, profit, people, planet, and prophet. First, ethical responsibilities are ethical responsibilities, the company has an obligation to carry out good and fair business practices, second, profit is an effort to fulfill the company's economic welfare third, people, the company tries to provide benefits and advantages for the stakeholders, fourth, planet, the company can preserve the environment, the fifth, prophet is mental or spiritual balance in the process of preserving life, business organizations must consider the expression of God-consciousness, transcendental consciousness, honesty, the ability to self-contemplate and sincere love

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-scale fusion framework for low-illumination image enhancement, which effectively enhances images taken under various low-light conditions. Based on the high dynamic range imaging technique, we first employ a novel remapping function to generate a sequence of artificial multi-exposure images. The generated sequence of images ensures that the contrast of each intensity interval of the input image is enhanced at least once. Then three fusion-relevant features, namely, exposure, global contrast and local contrast, are selected as the weight maps. Combined with the weight maps, a pyramid fusion scheme is introduced to do a layer-by-layer integration of the different frequency bands of the image layer by layer. In addition, a strategy for extracting details from the original image is designed, which effectively maintains the detail information without causing colour distortions. The framework is very efficient and suitable for mobile devices because most of the calculations are at the pixel-level. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed approach yields comparable and better performances in comparisons with the state-of-the-art competing techniques in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.

Pyramid B was one of the most important buildings in the sacred precinct of the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo. On its summit was a temple supported by anthropomorphic and zoomorphic columns and four pillars containing the reliefs of 16 individuals and other images. Based on comparative analysis with other archaeological specimens and images from conquest era codices, I propose that all 16 individuals were warrior-kings in sacred dress bearing a suite of weapons associated with the Tollan-Xicocotitlan elite.

The article critically examines the “pyramid” metaphor for mass-participation sports. It focuses on the heterogeneity of intra-group structure and motives among adult amateurs participating in open races in running, triathlon, etc. The study is based on comparative participant observation at Russian and European mass-sports events and semi-formalized interviews. We describe the lifestyle and motives of non-elite athletes. Mostly they participate “for fit, for fun, for challenge, for socialization”, defined as key motives. Participation in races is essential for healthy lifestyle. However, the motive “for health” is peripheral. We noted a latent motive of “to win, to be ahead of others”. It reflects the very nature of sports, but creates a “loser's problem” subverting participation. We show how skill-level and a balance between key and latent motives constitute three strata among non-elite athletes. We define these strata as “Ordinary”, “Adequate” and “Crazy” and demonstrate how the motivation difference produces hidden controversies among them. Our theoretical interpretation is based on Norbert Elias’s concept of civilizing process and Konrad Lorenz’s comparative anthropology. We outline two normative sports models. For the Expressive model, the key motives “fit, fun, challenge, socialization” are socially approved, but for the Traditional-competitive or Top-achievements model, only the latent motive of “to win” looks legitimate. We believe that mass-participation sports emerged due to modern recognition of the Expressive model as a new social norm, while the Competitive model hinders its development. Rejecting the “pyramid” metaphor in sports, we propose an “iceberg” metaphor wherein these models coexist through different social roles.

Judging imaging quality is an important part of the maintenance of visual intelligent monitoring systems for electrical power scenes. However, accurate and efficient identification of possible abnormalities in imaging quality remains challenging. This paper proposes a novel multi-region two-stream deep architecture to improve judging abnormalities. The proposed architecture incorporates two-stream scheme and multi-region strategy to identify relevant information and explore hidden details. More specifically, in addition to color and intensity in the original images, the two-stream scheme uses high-frequency structure information from gradient images to enhance its performance. The multi-region strategy employs spatial pyramid random cropping and region fusion to handle locally non-uniform changes among categories: spatial pyramid random cropping characterizes images at different spatial pyramid levels, while region fusion focuses attention on cropped regions relevant to quality perception by using adaptive learning weights in a fully connected layer. In this way, the proposed strategy guides the framework to adequately and adaptively explore the discriminative regions hidden in the input images, and provides an end-to-end learning procedure. Experimental results demonstrate its strong performance for judging abnormalities, and the proposed method can be easily extended to the entire surveillance system.

This study aims to understand the role of private secondary schools in rural Kenya under the Free Secondary Education Policy. Data were collected from four private schools over two months in 2018 and 2019. All the schools had experienced instability due to low enrolment, particularly after the policy was implemented in 2018. The decline in the schools’ income also affected the quality of education. However, the results suggest that some students prefer to complete their education at private schools as low-expense-boarders or as beneficiaries of fee discounts. Other students choose private schools to avoid overcrowded classrooms and travel far, especially when excluded from public schools. This study argues that despite limited learning resources, private secondary schools in rural Kenya have an important place in the public education system outside of the academic pyramid of public schools.

The analysis of historical buildings Ngawen Temple has a purpose of knowing the history of Ngawen Temple and knowing the approach to the Ngawen Temple's geometry. This research type is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subject of this research is the historical building of Ngawen Temple. The data collection techniques used in this research are interviews and documentation (observation) directly. The interview was done with the temple officers around the building, and the documentation was taken directly. The data analysis technique is done by analyzing the buildings related to the geometry, such as the building's shape on the Ngawen Temple. The results of this study were obtained; namely, Ngawen Temple set in Buddhism. The Ngawen Temple complex consists of 5 (five) temples that line the parallel from north to south. Temple building facing the east. From the south of Ngawen Temple I, II, III, IV, and V, each temple plans the square. One of Ngawen Temple's uniqueness is the existence of 4 lion statues in every corner of temple II and Candi IV. Another uniqueness is the temple's architecture, found in a lion's statue that supports the four sides of the temple building reconstructed from the five buildings. The lion statue's carved style resembles the lion symbol of Singapore's country and serves the rainwater that comes out through the statue's mouth. The Ngawen Temple's shape resembles the cuboid's geometry, the rectangular pyramidal frustum, and the rectangular pyramid

Some problems are faced by students in reading of English text. The interesting strategy is needed to teach them. Story Pyramid Strategyis one of strategies to teach reading comprehension. This strategy forces students to review and summarize the main points of a story. The research aimed at knowing the effectiveness of using story pyramid strategy in teaching narrative text toward students’ reading comprehension was conducted in SMAN 1 Serang. The research design of this reseacrh was quasi experimental research with quantitative approach. The research finding showed that Story Pyramid Strategy is effective in teaching narrative text toward students’ reading comprehension to Senior High School.

Common factors proponents have suggested the need for principle-based meta-models to explain how various factors interact with each other to produce change. The therapeutic pyramid is a common factors meta-model that outlines how therapeutic skills and techniques, the therapeutic alliance, and a therapist's way of being interactive to produce therapeutic change. Skills and techniques occupy the smallest top portion of the pyramid, with the therapeutic alliance in the middle and a therapist's way of being forming the foundation of the pyramid. The success of any layer rests on the quality of the immediately underlying layer. This study illustrates the broad applicability of common factors meta-models by applying the therapeutic pyramid to couples therapy, family therapy, training and supervision, and professional ethics.

The quality of the camera image directly determines the accuracy of the defect identification of the transmission line equipment. However, complex external factors such as haze can seriously affect the image quality of the aircraft. The traditional image dehazing methods are difficult to meet the needs of enhanced image inspection in complex environments. In this paper, the image enhancement technology in haze environment is studied, and an image dehazing method of transmission line based on densely connection pyramid network is proposed. The method uses an improved pyramid network for transmittance map calculation and uses an improved U-net network for atmospheric light value calculation. Then, the transmittance map, atmospheric light value, and dehazed image are jointly optimized to obtain image dehazing model. The method proposed in this paper can improve image brightness and contrast, increase image detail information, and can generate more realistic deblur images than traditional methods.

The objective is to visualize energy consumption in North America using pyramidal geometry. The base polygon is made up of four points representing non-renewable consumption and the top corresponds to renewable consumption. To achieve the appropriate momentum of each non-renewable point, obtaining more or less height in the pyramid, a linear regression was obtained where the dependent variable is renewable and the independent variables are non-renewable. To obtain an appropriate proportion, the values were transformed into logarithms. The model visually identifies the position of renewable energy use according to the reduction of non-renewables. The main limitation was to stick to the annual BP Statistical Review of World Energy report, which groups regional information and thus the results were also regional. The originality lies in the pyramidal visualization of regional energy consumption. Some conclusions indicate that reducing 5% in average refined products could stimulate the use of renewable energies from 118.80 to 172.73 million tons, while the same reduction, but in fuel consumption could stimulate renewable consumption up to 139.77 million tons.

This article reviews the state of the literature on consumption at the bottom of the pyramid and summarizes the studies' suggestions for future research. This study was conducted using data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases with the help of CiteSpace and CitNetExplorer 1.0.0. This research is justified due to: (a) absence of a broad systematization of the theme; (b) contribution and encouragement of new researchers to take part in studies on the subject; and (c) indication of a broad international literature that can encourage studies on consumption at the base of the pyramid.

Purpose This paper aims to identify psychological factors that influence people to be involved in Ponzi and pyramid schemes. Design/methodology/approach A psychological approach to finance or behavioural finance is applied in this research because of the assumption that human beings are not always rational. The sample consisted of 98 investors in 11 cities in Indonesia who were or had invested in an investment program with a Ponzi or pyramid scheme. The snowball sampling technique was applied. Findings The conclusion is that optimism (emotional bias), confirmation bias, representativeness bias, framing bias and overconfidence (cognitive bias) positively influenced investment decisions related to Ponzi and pyramid schemes. Originality/value The novelty aspect of this research is the implementation of a behavioural finance perspective to answer and express the fascinating phenomenon of Ponzi and pyramid investment schemes.

Religion and spiritual traditions entail vast wisdom and knowledge which have proved their productivity in achieving criminal rehabilitation, crime desistance, and crime prevention. Unfortunately, the literature on their role is relatively scarce and was not, until recently, regarded as part of mainstream criminology. This study used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in which 39 participants were interviewed and many of the religious scriptures selected at their recommendation were analyzed. The findings reveal three central and unique themes that deal with the purpose of creation, human nature, and the question of free will. Through these premises, this study suggests that Spiritual Jewish criminology, a faith-based theory stemming from Jewish scriptures, offers a universal paradigm that explains a person’s life as a spiritual journey, completed according to the Pyramid Model. The pyramid is built on two axes that describe a person’s desirable movement: the first ranges from egocentrism to altrocentrism, while the second ranges from materialism to the spiritual. The study’s discussion deals with the Pyramid Model’s ability to explain the causes of delinquency, the onset of a criminal career, and the way out of this criminal world through treatment and rehabilitation.

The current study examined ifMFT live supervision, utilizing praise for effort, makes a difference in the therapist’s and client’s therapeutic alliance. Three single client cases were examined usin...

This article examines the relationship between happiness and religiosity in two groups of districts in Peru. Although it is known that there is a positive relationship between happiness and religion, there has not previously been interest in studying this relationship at either end of the social pyramid. The subjects of this research are not only the rich and the poor but those who live in the poorest and richest districts. This article has two sections. The first explains how religion is practiced at both ends of the social scale. The second shows the relationship between happiness and religion. The paper states that rich people are happier than the poor even if the disadvantaged group is more religious.

The final agreement on the timing of project completion is one of the obvious problems between project managers and their clients. There have been numerous reports of customers requesting shorter completion times than previously announced. This request will definitely affect the three project factors of overall cost, final quality of the project, and risk of implementation. This paper proposes a multipurpose cumulative complex linear programming to minimize "project overhead," "increase projects total risk" and "increase overall project quality" due to “time constraints." In other words, the proposed study is fully implemented among the four goals mentioned to shorten the project duration. Computational experiments have also been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The main objective of this paper is to optimize the integration of the four factors of the survival pyramid (time, cost, quality, and risk) in industrial projects simultaneously under uncertainty. An innovative solution based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is presented. This model is then used to solve a problem in another study and its results, strengths, and weaknesses compared to the previous model are evaluated. The results show the performance of the proposed model in all four factors is better than the previous models.

Herbert W. Heinrich, a pioneer researcher in the field of occupational safety, published a book on occupational accidents in 1931. In the publication, Heinrich presented an Accident Pyramid, which affirmed that one workplace fatality would occur after 300 no-injury accidents have been recorded in a workplace. Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid has since been adopted as a standard for predicting the likelihood that fatalities will occur. Moreover, Heinrich’s claim on occupational accidents was adopted as a standard because of his reputation as a pioneer of occupational safety research. This study seeks to test the statistical hypothesis put forward by Heinrich in reference to General Aviation (GA) accidents and does so with a random subsample of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) data. Retrospective data published for public use by NTSB was collected from 2004 to 2013 for 15,119 GA accidents (with a mean fatal accident count of ≈ 282). The pyramid was initially recommended for use in predicting all forms of accidents, including GA accidents. Notwithstanding, the analysis of an independent variable x, the number of total accidents, and a dependent variable y, the number of fatalities, produced a p-value of approximately 0.821, which indicates no correlation between the variables. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the total number of accidents and fatal accidents, as asserted by Heinrich. This study, therefore, demonstrates that Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid is statistically invalid. Consequently, this means that a fatality may still occur even if the total number of accidents is reduced.

The base of the world income pyramid, typically known as the Base of the pyramid (BOP), represents low-income people living in developing countries. Co-design with BOP people is crucial for sustained adoption and use of products and services. Based on interviews with practising designers, we identify barriers and enablers that the designers encounter in undertaking various tasks in the process of co-designing with these marginalised people. The findings suggest that a broad range of factors, related to the BOP context, co-design processes and methods, organisational issues, and aspects of collaboration, support or hinder activities in the co-design process. Consideration of these factors, as perceived by the designers, can lead to more impactful co-design with BOP people.

In India, societal development is a cynosure, and thus, it is not a truism but a reality. Women's entrepreneurship emerging through self-help groups (SHGs) contributes to the economic well-being, sustainability, and in poverty reduction. The growth of SHGs is evidence in itself. In the recent decade, micro enterprises and SHGs have come up as prominent solutions to the entrepreneurial crisis existing in the country, and their role in empowering women and their development needs to studied. This study uses a descriptive statistic, reliability, and correlation analysis through SPSS and structural equation modeling (SEM) as an analytical tool to explore linkages between empowerment effected by SHG and micro-entrepreneurship. The research study results show that the contributory role of women entrepreneurs to the society is considerably worth appreciation. The causal relationship has also surfaced demonstrating the connection between women empowerment and development brought about by SHG and micro-entrepreneurship from a bottom-of-pyramid perspective.

This study explores the essential issues pertaining to a landscape bridge based on a multi-scale methodology, in view of the paucity of design theories for contemporary landscape bridges. We contribute to reinterpret landscape bridges on their physical temporal-spatial scales, instead of from perspectives of individual disciplines or their mechanical cooperation. Envisaged in a new systematized framework, we elaborate the dominant and their opposite counterparts of landscape bridges from a binary deconstruction point of view, i.e., (1) Development and retrogression on the temporal scale, (2) connection and separation on the spatial topographic scale, (3) skyphilia and topophilia on the spatial landscape scale, and (4) extroversion and introversion on the spatial architectural scale. The deconstructed multifaceted scales are instrumental in understanding landscape bridges from various perspectives, with a pyramid model proposed afterward to mediate the discovered oppositions and stimulate the cross-scale interactions. Various possible design paths could be derived from this well-organized and open-minded multiple system, which is initially expected in this study to inspire bridge designers with dissimilar backgrounds and calls for a wider ramification.

Pyramid schemes are illegal. According to the courts, they are fraudulent because they must eventually collapse, disappointing or exploiting the members at the bottom. This illegality, largely governed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), is narrowly construed to encompass only very specific instances of activity. In essence, the specificity of the law allows MLMs to argue that they are ‘not a pyramid scheme’ to obfuscate exploitative conditions within the company. We take Lularoe as a case study of the ways in which this discourse is weaponized to obfuscate the harms of multi-level marketing. We conduct thematic text analysis on a popular internet discussion forum to study how ordinary people understand law surrounding multi-level marketing companies and how MLM law affects legal consciousness and cynicism about the protective capacities of law. We argue that a narrow legal interpretation of “pyramid schemes'' serves to further exploit the very people that illegality is meant to protect.

This paper shows that social inequalities are cumulative and occur at each stage of the dispute pyramid, from the identification of a conflict through to satisfaction with its outcome. Based on a large and original survey on ordinary people's representations of and practices within the legal system in France (N = 2,660), our study finds that an individual's contact, or lack of contact, with a legal intermediary, who may be a legal professional or a non-legal professional, has a very significant impact on the decision to take a case to court. Contact with a legal intermediary also influences the individual's satisfaction with the outcome, but not in the same way for all plaintiffs: income is a more determining factor in satisfaction with the outcome in cases where the judge makes a decision than in cases where a solution is found outside the courtroom.

Background: Until now, working with others has been shaped by a style where 1 person made the main decisions at the top of the hierarchical pyramid. These days this one-directional model no longer ...

The Step Pyramid of Netjerikhet (also known as Djoser) is the oldest monumental stone structure in Egypt. Much of the pyramid’s facade has suffered significant damage. Moreover, previous restoration works on the south facade destroyed some of the pyramid’s original design. The restoration team Led by Zahi Hawass worked since 2006 on removing the accumulated dust and sand that covered the blocks. The team was able to collect all blocks that were loose under the sand, treated them immediately, and chose the best of them to be placed back onto the pyramid after filling the gaps with mortar. In addition to the restoration of the pyramid, the project studied and confirmed the different construction phases of the Step Pyramid such as the tunnels under the pyramid, The south entrance of the pyramid, The room of the faience tiles and the wall stela, The fifth level of the pyramid. In addition to the discovery of the sarcophagus of Netjerikhet and some additional important discoveries inside the pyramid. The paper also discussed the issue of the search for the discovery of the tomb of Imhotep, the hope of all archaeologists who have worked or are working at Saqqara, as Hawass chose the area west of the Step Pyramid as a likely area to search for the tomb of Imhotep.The paper also discussed the issue of the search for the discovery of the tomb of Imhotep, the hope of all archaeologists who have worked or are working at Saqqara, as Hawass chose the area west of the Step Pyramid as a likely area to search for the tomb of Imhotep.ملخص يعد هرم الملک نتري خت المدرج والمعروف أيضا باسم زوسر، أقدم بناء حجري ضخم في مصر. ولکن تعرضت واجهات الهرم للکثير من الأضرار الجسيمة. علاوة على ذلک، أدت أعمال الترميم السابقة للواجهة الجنوبية إلى تدمير بعض جوانب التصميم الأصلي للهرم. وقد تم تشکيل فريق ترميم برئاسة زاهي حواس بداية من عام ٢٠٠٦ للعمل على ترميم الهرم وإزالة الأتربة والرمل المتراکم الذي يغطي الکتل، حيث تمکن الفريق من جمع کل الکتل التي کانت مفکوکة تحت الرمال ومعالجتها على الفور واختيار أفضلها لإعادتها إلى الهرم بعد ملء الفراغات بالملاط. بالإضافة إلى ترميم الهرم، قام المشروع بدراسة مراحل البناء المختلفة للهرم المدرج مثل الأنفاق الموجودة أسفل الهرم، المدخل الجنوبي للهرم، حجرة الفاينس والمستوى الخامس للهرم. بالإضافة إلى اکتشاف تابوت الملک نتري خت وبعض الاکتشافات الهامة داخل الهرم. کما يناقش البحث قضية البحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب المهندس العظيم، والتي تعتبر أمل جميع علماء الآثار الذين عملوا أو مازالوا يعملون في سقارة في العثور عليها، بينما اختار حواس المنطقة الواقعة غرب الهرم المدرج کمنطقة محتملة للبحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب.کما يناقش البحث قضية البحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب المهندس العظيم، والتي تعتبر أمل جميع علماء الآثار الذين عملوا أو مازالوا يعملون في سقارة في العثور عليها، بينما اختار حواس المنطقة الواقعة غرب الهرم المدرج کمنطقة محتملة للبحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب.کما يناقش البحث قضية البحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب المهندس العظيم، والتي تعتبر أمل جميع علماء الآثار الذين عملوا أو مازالوا يعملون في سقارة في العثور عليها، بينما اختار حواس المنطقة الواقعة غرب الهرم المدرج کمنطقة محتملة للبحث عن مقبرة إيمحوتب.

Over several decades, income has become increasingly concentrated at the top of the distributional pyramid in many rich countries. Raising taxes on top income earners and top wealth owners has gain...

Six of the late Old Kingdom pharaohs erected statues of foreign bound prisoners in their pyramid complexes. These statues, which are known today as prisoner statues, are unique in being free-standi...

Recently attention has been drawn to the frequently observed fifth power of the golden mean in many disciplines of science and technology. Whereas in a forthcoming contribution the focus will be directed towards Fibonacci number-based helical structures of living as well as inorganic matter, in this short letter the geometry of the Great Pyramid of the ancient Egyptians was investigated once more. The surprising main result is that the ratio of the in-sphere volume of the pyramid and the pyramid volume itself is given by π⋅φ5, where φ = 0.618033987⋅⋅⋅ is nature’s most important number, the golden mean. In this way not only phase transitions from microscopic to cosmic scale are connected with φ5, also ingenious ancient builders have intuitively guessed its magic before.

The article describes the prerequisites for development of methodology for integrated assessment of options for transition to a closed hot-water supply scheme. For analysis of promising options for transition to a closed system of hot water supply, criteria have been proposed that influence the choice of possible solutions. Block diagrams of boundary conditions and independent variables were created. A pyramid of indicators which affect the operating costs of heating system over 25 years of its operation was formulated. A method and a program for selecting the optimal transition scheme to a closed hot-water supply system with calculation of weighting factors have been developed.

Purpose This study aims at product development in Syariah banking, using the theory of Pyramid of Maslahah. Product development are important aspects of Islamic banking to realize Maqasid Al Shariah and to better serve the real economy. Design/methodology/approach To understand the needs of the customers, this study uses qualitative approaches and collects primary data from semi-structured interviews of 25 banking customers in Indonesia. Findings The study found that the group of respondents who have similar characteristics in age, marital status and number of kids tend to have similar financial needs. Some of the needs that have not been fulfilled by Sharia banking are the needs for investment in banking products, the needs for pension plan products and the needs for travelling-related financial products. Practical implications This study proposed that Islamic banking should provide financial products that cater to three needs of the society, including the needs for necessities/essentials (daruriyat), the needs of complementary requirements (hajiyyat) and the needs for beautifications or embellishments (tahsiniyat), to be able to better serve the real economy. Originality/value Financial needs and the life cycle approach can be used for product development in banking industry. However, this approach has not been widely used for consideration in the development of Sharia banking products in Indonesia. This study provides some novelty in Islamic banking customer behavior, especially in understanding financial needs based on the theory of Pyramid of Maslahah.

Speaking is an ability to use the language in oral form to express what is on language learners’ thinking. Learners have speaking skills if they have skills to practice grammar, comprehension, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency in the oral form. To attain the speaking skills, English teachers are encouraged to meet an appropriate learning strategy to be applied in the speaking classes. This study is a collaborative classroom action research. It is aimed at describing how the use of pyramid discussion to enhance students’ speaking performance and classroom interaction. Its steps consisted of Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. This research was conducted at the 8th-grade students of SMPN 1 Praya Timur, Central Lombok. There were three instruments employed to obtain the data namely test, observation sheet, and questionnaire. After having the cycle 1, the findings showed that there were 16 students who got score more than 70. The calculation of the mean score was 77.30. Meanwhile, the tabulation of the percentage was 88.90. The data of the observation sheet indicated that the students were enthusiastic in classroom interaction and they feel interested in learning English. The research findings showed that the mean score was 83.22. It could be concluded that the use of pyramid discussion was able to improve students’ speaking performance and classroom interaction at the 8th-grade students of SMPN 1 Praya Timur, Central Lombok.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the contemporary relevance of the management of the Great Pyramid of Giza project. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses evidence from the literature from many disciplines concerning both the objectives and construction of the pyramid. It relates this to recent discussion concerned with the issues faced in megaproject management, which are core to the discussion of success and failure. Findings The analysis shows the significance of the “break-fix model” of megaproject management and how having a sequence of megaprojects builds management through a learning process. It demonstrates the significance of innovation arising from the experience of previous projects in solving major technical challenges and illustrates the importance of the organisation and ethical management of a substantial workforce. Research limitations/implications There is very limited reliable documentary evidence from the time of the construction of Giza (c.2560 BCE). Many sources concerning ancient Egypt are still widely contested. However, the use of research from a combination of disciplines demonstrates the relevance of the project and the importance of learning from history to contemporary project management. Originality/value The authors believe that this is the first paper to analyse the Giza pyramid project from a project management perspective. This was arguably the most significant construction project of ancient history and the paper explains the lessons, which can be learned, which are very significant to today’s megaprojects.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. This article examines the middle management representations of organization and managerial roles within a specific bicultural organizational context. The argument explores the extant cross-cultural management literature and identifies two predominant positions: a functionalist-stable stance and a dynamically-interpretive perspective of culture. Historically, both positions have contributed to understanding management roles and behaviours in different cross-cultural contexts; however, each also possesses limitations. In response, the argument elaborates a multi-paradigmatic model and framework which synergise elements of the respective approaches. An interpretive methodology using a distinctive qualitative case study of the Franco-German collaborative media venture ARTE is developed. The researchers conducted 31 interviews with French and German ARTE middle managers in order to determine their perceptions of middle-manager roles in this context. The paper identified differences in managerial role perceptions and behaviours as well as hybrid working practices as a result of intercultural adaptation and learning in addition to implications, limitations and future directions in the study.

This study proposes for the first time the Airport Business Excellence Model (ABEM) as a specific version of the European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM) and tests it in 143 airports worldwide. Based on diverse theoretical premises and applying a Structural Equation Modelling, the study first maps the main Key Performance Areas (KPAs) with their individual indicators and then explores the complex network of causal linkages among them within the multidimensional airport business system. The causal paths are conceptualized in a performance pyramid, where influence flows from the top Strategic Enablers through Human and Operational Enablers to produce Primary and Secondary Results. In addition, Importance Performance Analysis reveals that Employee Results are the most Critical Success Factor for airport excellence, followed by Leadership and Operational Results. Overall, the study sheds light on the airports' ‘black box’ and exhibits the interactions of its ‘software’ assets nested in the multiple airport stakeholders.

Forming effective innovation mechanisms in the economy of Kazakhstan using the potential of smallbusiness is a pressing problem and the fact that the accumulated experience of industrialized and post-industrialcountries focused on the development of market economy relations certainly shows that small business is a necessarycondition for achieving economic success and is the main engine of innovation development. All structures areinterested in the development of such a sector of the economy, since small business is the basis on which the entireeconomic pyramid will be created, which can provide jobs for a significant part of the population and form themiddle class of society. From this it follows that the faster a significant stratum of small business entities is createdwithin the state, the more actively the model of an effective market economy will develop, including theimplementation of the tasks of economic restructuring and transition to a new level of technological structure.

This article discusses a chest of Canopic jars of +Hwty-nxt, during the Middle Kingdom. The chest was found at Deir El-Bersha in Middle Egypt and is preserved now under the number CCG 4740 in the Egyptian Museum. This article aims to identify the quoted spells by comparing its texts with other religious texts (Pyramid text, coffin text, Book of the Dead). A description of the chest of Canopic jars will be presented here, followed by general comments on the style, decoration and text painted on the interior of the chest. The article will also examine the dating of the chest, identification of its owner and the spells quoted from.Number: CCG 4740Discovery: American Excavation in Deir El-Bersha on 6 May 1915Date: 11th DynastyBibliography: The only references that mentioned this chest are:1) George Andrew Reisner, Catalogue general des antiquites Egyptiennes du musee du Caire, Nos 4001-4740 and 4977-5033, Canopics, Le Caire, 1967He only illustrated the texts (in which I found a few signs that he miscopied, so it was misleading in some parts) and gave a brief description of the whole chest. 2) Barbara LUSCHER, Untersuchungen zu agyptischen Kanopenkasten: Vom Alten Reich bis zum Ende der Zweiten Zwischenzeit, Hildesheim: Gerstenberg Verlag, 1990She mentioned the chest and gave a brief description and a few suggestions of the different deities represented in the interior of the chest. She also quoted the text on the chest to the Pyramid Text and Coffin Text.Material and form: The chest is wooden and almost cubical in shape, with two cleats on its bottom running from front to back. The lower part is divided from the inside into four compartments; the lid has no inscriptions or colors.Measurements: 60.5 cm high, 55.5 cm long and 57.5 cm wide.Coloring: The exterior has vertical edges overlaid with gilt. Band, yellow with blue border, containing one horizontal line of inscription, around upper part. Ground color, originally yellow.On each side of the interior is one horizontal band above and one vertical one on both sides. Inside the space, enclosed by these bands, there is a different number of vertical lines of inscription. Ground color, inside, brownish yellow.Owner: A lady named +Hwty-nxt. This name was very common during the era and providence; this name mostly refers to a male character, although here it refers to a feminine character.The exterior of the chest is divided into four compartments; each has one horizontal line of hieroglyphic text that includes one of Horus’ four sons. However, The interior is also divided into four compartments, each of which contains cursive hieroglyphic vertical lines, and is divided into two parts. There is vertical text in the upper part; below that, there are two figures of deities. The name of the deity is written next to them. It is remarkable that the text was written in hand-writing cursive hieroglyphic, it is clear that the scribe made a few corrections during preparing the chest; these could be noted through the brownish color on the texts in specific spots