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The article presents a case study on Navistar Inc., major manufacturer of commercial trucks and engines in the U.S., which applies evidence-based benefit design (EBD). The fundamental elements of the company's measurement and management approach to EBD were projected. It presents the descriptive results on the direct and indirect cost and utilization trends of the company's U.S. active workforce during 2002 to 2008. The article discusses the evidence-based medicine and prevention programs.

The article presents a study on the health care costs of employers in the U.S. It investigates the need of the employers to design better health benefits for the improvement of the health and productivity (H&P) of their workforces. It proposes the employers to apply the evidence-based medicine approach. It analyzes and integrates the relevant literature and employer-specific data which are incorporated in the evidence-based benefit design.

The article discusses a study to examine total health burden for an employer whose health related focus is direct and indirect costs, and to explore implications for the Final Rule for Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) recently issued by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMMS), whose focus includes direct but not indirect costs. The study concluded that attention to direct and indirect costs helped put this employer's healthcare investment on a more sustainable path.

The article reports on the study that examines the association between indirect productivity costs and treatment adherence of insured employees with bipolar disorder (BPD) in the U.S. Adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder having at least one prescription claim for atypical antipsychotic or a mood stabilizer have been the subject of the study. Findings of the study found that greater indirect costs have been incurred by employers when employees with BPD are nonadherent to bipolar treatment.