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Objective: To compare the efficacy of Selenium and Zinc in improving histological features on DEHP-induced toxicity in the thyroid gland of rats. Design of study: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department of Islamic International Medical College with the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad Pakistan cooperation from Sep 2019 to Sep 2020. Methodology: Forty, eight weeks old rats were divided into four groups, each containing ten male rats. In control, Group-A rats were on the standard diet. In Group-B, rats were given orally 500mg/kg/day DEHP. In Group-C rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 1mg/kg/day Selenium orally. In Group-D rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 5mg/kg/day Zinc orally. After 28 days, rats were dissected, and the thyroid gland was removed. Histological parameters, vacuolization and number of follicular cells were observed with H and E stining among control and experimental groups. Results: In Group-B, 50% of rats showed severe vacuolization. In Group-C, 60% of rats showed minimal vacuolization. In Group-D, 40% of rats showed minimally, and 40% of rats showed mild vacuolization. Among quantitative parameters, the number of follicular cells was conserved more by Selenium than Zinc. Conclusion: Selenium and Zinc have a protective effect on thyroid histological changes caused by DEHP, but Selenium shows better conservation than zinc on thyroid histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the preventive role of Nebivolol and Alpha Tocopherol on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to Jun 2022. Methodology: One hundred fifty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were procured from the NIH, Islamabad. They were placed into five groups, each with 30 rats. Results: Out of a total 150 sample of five groups, the mean prostatic index in Group-A, Group-B, Group-C, Group-D, and Group-E were 1.49±0.09, 2.35±0.48, 1.87±0.11, 1.72±0.04 and 1.68±0.08 respectively (p-value<0.001). Mean Prostate Specific Antigen in Group-A, Group-B, Group-C, Group-D and Group-E was 0.19±0.02, 0.23±0.01, 0.18±0.02, 0.18±0.02 and 0.16±0.02 respectively (p-value<0.001). On gross examination, in Group-A, all (100%) prostate samples were normal-sized. In Group-B, all (100%) prostate samples were enlarged. In Group-C, 53.3% were mild, and 47.7% of samples were moderately enlarged. In Group-D, 73.3% of samples were mildly enlarged, and 26.7% were moderately enlarged. In Group E, 26.7% of samples were normal, and 73.3% were mildly enlarged (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Prostatic index is markedly declined following treatment with the combination of Nebivolol and AlphaTocopherol. There is also a declining trend in Prostate Specific Antigen following treatment with a combination of Nebivolol and Alpha-Tocopherol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Objective: Considerable variations exist in geometry of proximal femur across populations, which play an important role in total hip replacement surgeries. However, a rigorous characterization of femoral geometry across different geographical localities in Pakistan has not been performed. We aimed to assess the variations of the proximal femoral geometry in dry human femur bones from two different regions of Pakistan. Study type settings & duration: A descriptive study was carried out at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and at three different Medical Colleges in Peshawar from October 2018 to July 2019. Methodology: After obtaining ethical approvals, complete, fully ossified bones without additional paint or visible pathology from Rawalpindi (N = 98) and Peshawar (N = 112) were included for measurements of neck shaft angle (NSA), vertical head diameter and femoral neck length. NSA was measured from sketches of bones by using goniometer placed parallel to the shaft axis, while regular scale was used for measuring vertical head diameter and neck length. Unpaired T test was performed to compare the variations of femoral geometry in a side- and region-specific manner from Rawalpindi and Peshawar regions of Pakistan. Results: Means and SD values of NSA, vertical diameter of head and neck length of all bones were 125.85°± 7.35, 42.17±4.25 mm and 54.2±6mm, respectively. Significant differences (p value <0.001) were observed for NSA, vertical diameter of head and neck length between bones from the two regions. The femoral geometry was similar between right and left side bones, except for NSA in Peshawar which was differed significantly. Conclusion: Significant differences exist in the proximal femoral geometry between the Peshawar and Rawalpindi regions with higher values of NSA, femoral head diameter and femur neck length recorded in Peshawar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]