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1. Silica Coated Paper Substrate for Paper-Spray Analysis of Therapeutic Drugs in Dried Blood Spots.

Author

Zhiping Zhang, Wei Xu, Manicke, Nicholas E., Cooks, R. Graham, and Zheng Ouyang

Subjects
*DRUG analysis, *BLOOD testing, *IONIZATION (Atomic physics), *SUBSTRATES (Materials science), *PAPER, *MEDICAL screening, *ISOPROPYL alcohol, *SOLVENTS
Abstract

Paper spray is a newly developed ambient ionization method that has been applied for direct qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological samples. The properties of the paper substrate and spray solution have a significant impact on the release of chemical compounds from complex sample matrices, the diffusion of the analytes through the substrate, and the formation of ions for mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, a commercially available silica-coated paper was explored in an attempt to improve the analysis of therapeutic drugs in dried blood spots (DBS). The dichloromethane/isopropanol solvent has been identified as an optimal spray solvent for the analysis. The comparison was made with paper spray using chromatography paper as substrate with methanol/water as solvent for the analysis of verapamil, citalopram, amitriptyline, lidocaine, and sunitinib in dried blood spots. It has been demonstrated that the efficiency of recovery of the analytes was notably improved with the silica coated paper and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the drug analysis was 0.1 ng mL-1 using a commercial triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The use of silica paper substrate also resulted in a sensitivity improvement of 5-50-fold in comparison with chromatography papers, including the Whatman ET31 paper used for blood cards. Analysis using a hand-held miniature mass spectrometer Mini 11 gave LOQs of 10-20 ng mL-1 for the tested drugs, which is sufficient to cover the therapeutic ranges of these drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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2. Screening for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in newborns using dried urine on filter paper

Author

Claus W. Heizmann, W. Endres, L. Kierat, Nenad Blau, T. Giudici, and M. Wang

Subjects
Paper, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Phenylalanine, Urine, Diagnosis, Differential, Neonatal Screening, Hyperphenylalaninemia, Neurological Damage, Phenylketonurias, Internal medicine, Classical phenylketonuria, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Genetics (clinical), Manganese, Measurement method, business.industry, Medical screening, Infant, Newborn, Oxides, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, medicine.disease, Biopterin, Pterins, Endocrinology, Manganese Compounds, Recien nacido, business
Abstract

Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency among newborns with hyperphenylalaninaemia must be rapidly diagnosed and distinguished from classical phenylketonuria (PKU), because patients in the two groups require different treatment to prevent irreversible neurological damage (Blau 1988; Dhondt 1991). The characteristic pattern of pterins excreted in urine makes it possible to identify all four variants of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

Published
1992

3. Evaluation of a breast examination facilitation device

Author

Bonita G Roche and Nan S. Leslie

Subjects
Adult, Paper, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Latex, animal diseases, Nurses, Breast cancer, mental disorders, medicine, Breast examination, Humans, Screening tool, skin and connective tissue diseases, Health Education, General Nursing, Gynecology, business.industry, Medical screening, Textiles, Breast Self-Examination, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Test (assessment), Nursing Evaluation Research, Family medicine, Facilitation, Female, business
Abstract

Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended in order to help women detect possible breast cancer early in its development. Correct BSE performance has been shown to be positively associated with breast lump detection ability. Few women, however, report practising BSE, citing reasons such as: dislike of touching one's own breasts, fear of finding a lump, lack of confidence in their ability to perform BSE. The purpose of this study was to test a breast examination facilitation device (BEFD) for women, which would provide a teaching/screening tool, as well as a shield between breast and fingers for women who are reluctant to touch their breasts. A sample of 36 registered nurses in the United States was asked to perform BSE on three separate occasions using a BEFD made of latex, paper or cloth on which a wedge pattern for BSE had been imprinted. Subjects found the BEFD to be a useful tool for teaching/learning BSE, and expressed a clear preference for the latex material. One size of BEFD is not adequate for all women. A smaller size for women who wear A and B cup-size bras, and a larger size for women who wear C cup size and above, would be more acceptable.

Published
1995