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the present systematic review aimed to investigate the etiology behind pylephlebitis in terms of pathogens involved and causative infective processes, and to report the most common symptoms at clinical presentation by analyzing data derived from case reports and series systematically as defined by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

This is an integrative review study with the objective of analyzing the evidence available in the literature on the use of palliative sedation to control existential suffering in patients with serious illnesses.

Empirical studies in music therapy with late life depression have grown over the last few decades documenting their positive impact on depressive symptoms in elderly. However it remains unclear which therapeutic factors account for these changes. Research that focusses on the "how" and "why" music therapy has a positive impact on depressive symptoms is only beginning to emerge. To gain more inside in the therapeutic factors that influence depressive symptoms in elderly, we conducted a scoping review.

In some hospitals, radiographers undertake diagnostic evaluation of the X-rays they acquire. This has the potential to improve image quality as it promotes understanding of how technical factors impact upon the detection of abnormalities and motivates radiographers to produce highly diagnostic exams. Yet while there is comprehensive literature on other benefits of radiographer image interpretation, there is a paucity of literature addressing the impact on image quality. Therefore, there is the need for a scoping review to systematically map the knowledge on this important topic, ascertain the current state of evidence as to whether radiographer commenting can improve X-ray image quality, and identify gaps in research.

Frailty is one of the most important geriatric syndromes featured by a cumulative decline in biological reserves and functional capacities, reducing the individual’s resistance and making him more vulnerable to fractures, falls, hospitalizations and death. This is a scoping review focused on recent evidence on the impact of frailty in older adults, considering the global burden of disease in aging, frailty epidemiology, instrumentation and practical assessment of the frailty phenotype, and a brief approach on the therapeutic management.

This review will focus on the various clinical patient populations in which cross-education and its effects have been utilized and evaluated.

This global health research project focuses on a neglected condition (albinism) and the health inequities and human rights violations faced by mothers who give birth to a baby with albinism. For many women, the delivery marks the beginning of a sequelae of life-altering societal responses that ultimately prevent her and her baby from the full enjoyment of their human rights. Giving birth to a baby with albinism can precipitate abandonment by family and community, intimate partner violence, and precarity. A synthesis of the evidence regarding the experiences surrounding the birth of a baby with albinism for family members and their carers in Africa is needed to inform research and practice. Specifically, this synthesis will support a broader ongoing study exploring how the perinatal experiences of mothers who give birth to a baby with albinism can be improved through health services, health professions education, and the development of equity-oriented and contextually relevant educational strategies, with the overarching aim of promoting, protecting, and fulfilling their human rights. This evidence synthesis is the first phase of four of our study (to read more: www.motheringandalbinism.com). As we are taking a participatory approach, it will facilitate an interdisciplinary dialogue with our intersectoral network to come to a shared understanding of key concepts and findings to inform our collective work. No other evidence synthesis was found on this topic and this knowledge is crucial to support the development of our equity-oriented and contextually relevant educational strategies. Although we had conducted previous synthesis work on albinism and human rights (Reimer-Kirkham et al., 2019; Reimer-Kirkham et al., in review), the focus of this current synthesis is distinct as it targets the perinatal period and broadens the scope to health professions education. This synthesis will inform the next phases of our study and gather insights from relevant sources to present a comprehensive synthesis of birthing experiences of mothers, families, and carers to the birth of a baby with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa.

Rationale: By 2044, 50% of the United States will be of minority status [1]. Given the changing US population, it is important to reconsider traditional ways of understanding diversity. Diversity in research allows for the examination of drivers of health disparities as evidenced by prior research finding differences in health outcomes dependent on patient race [2]. However, most scholars now agree that markers such as race and ethnicity are imperfect measures of variation as there is more genetic heterogeneity between people of the same race than those of different races [3]. Due to the known impact of social determinants on health disparities, these may serve as better tools to use in research analysis for understanding diversity and differences in health outcomes [4]. In this systematic review, we will discuss the current practice for using race in pediatric clinical trial research and provide a review of the use of social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trial research. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess if there is reporting of social determinants of health in pediatric dermatology clinical trial research (specifically income, location, education, healthcare, and social support) and the conditions and setting this reporting occurs.

The aim of this scoping review is to identify, synthesise and evaluate existing national and international indicators, tools and data requirements for the evaluation of quality of care for older (65 years old or older) at the population level in the palliative care setting.

The main aim of the intended project is to reduce feeling of procedural pain (when changing bandages) in burn patients through a developed and pilot-verified application for virtual reality (hereinafter VR). The first study on this topic was conducted in the US on two pediatric patients (Hoffmann et al. 2000). In addition to pharmacological pain therapy, there are a number of non-pharmacological options (eg, relaxation techniques) that are based on distracting attention from the feeling of pain. VR appears to be the most promising of these options and, in addition to distraction, it also reduces anxiety and depressive symptoms and enhances patient cooperation (Scapin et al. 2018). The studies also agree on the beneficial role of immersivity; a sense of immersion in VR (Tribert et al. 2014).

This systematic review is investigating the effects of psychological stress on musculoskeletal tissue health.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify the extent and type of evidence available to clinicians and prehospital services to assist decisions regarding the appropriate prehospital regimens for the maintenance of anaesthesia following intubation of trauma patients. Introduction: The provision of prehospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA) is a complex intervention, which if conducted safely can have significant potential benefits to the trauma patient. While techniques and anaesthetic regimens for the induction of PHEA are dealt with extensively in the published literature, there is little evidence to guide clinicians on the appropriate choice of anaesthetic regimens for the maintenance of PHEA. Inclusion criteria: The primary review will identify publications addressing the prehospital anaesthetic maintenance regimens for trauma patients post-intubation. A secondary review of the same literature search will identify publications that address post-intubation anaesthetic maintenance regimens in similar clinical scenarios that may allow for reasonable comparisons of practice – namely medical patients in the prehospital setting and trauma patients undergoing interhospital transfer. Methods: Ovid will be used to search the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and EBSCOhost to search the CINHAL database. The search will be limited to articles published in the English language between January 1990 and September 2022. Two independent reviewers will screen collated articles by title and abstract, then undertake full text review of remaining articles, against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any relevant references from the reviewed articles be added for full text review. Data extracted from the final articles meeting criteria will be collated independently in tabular form, and a narrative synthesis will accompany the results, assessing anaesthetic regimens against the pharmacokinetic properties of the described drugs. If practical, the reported regimens will be further illustrated using pharmacokinetic modelling.

Objective: To map out the current evidence base in relation to the application of asset-based approaches to improve outcomes with adults in health or social care. Introduction: Application of asset-based approaches (ABAs) with adults in the areas of health or social care have increased. To better understand the implementation of ABAs to improve outcomes with adults, there is a need to synthesise current evidence. Inclusion criteria: Studies that applied an asset-based approach, Asset Based Community Development or based their approach or intervention on the theory of salutogenesis; ABAs used in health promotion and preventative approaches; Empirical studies; Adults aged 18 and above receiving health or social care services; Peer-reviewed literature; Must be applied or implemented in health or social care context; Any publication time period; Any study design; Only studies published in English. Methods: A systematic search will be carried out in five databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and SCOPUS, using search terms guided by an academic librarian. Studies will be screened for inclusion based on the predefined eligibility criteria. Data selection will be facilitated through Covidence systemic software. Studies will be screened for inclusion based on the eligibility criteria at title, abstract and full-text level. All studies will be screened by the first author and 10% will be screened independently by a second reviewer. Outstanding conflicts will be resolved with a third reviewer. Data extraction will be carried out using a predefined data extraction form and written guide developed by the first author. A narrative synthesis will be conducted (Popay et al., 2006).

This rapid review will be analysing whether a sex-specific discrepancy exists in the administration of analgesia for pain, in patients presenting prehospitally to an ambulance service.

In acute pain, measurement of pain and analgesic (specifically opioid use) is conceptually interrelated. Use of more analgesia will improve pain outcomes and less analgesia has the potential to worsen pain outcomes in specific surgical cohorts. Measuring pain outcomes, either continuous (as pain scores) or categorical (as patient having either severe of mild pain) without accounting for analgesic use at the same time would provide incomplete information and potentially be considered inappropriate. However, most studies consider one of them as their outcome, without controlling for the other factor. Some of the options are in combinations such as comparing one outcome by controlling for the other one; combining both in a single outcome measure, depending on whether there are validated measures; comparing both outcomes separately with equal importance – such as coprimary outcomes. It is not clear if there are validated combined measures or an outcome that can reflect a state of pain control that incorporates pain intensity and analgesia use. Methodologically, each of these solutions have different implications. A systematic review looking at studies assessing both analgesia use and pain outcomes together in a knee arthroplasty surgical population would be useful.

The aim of this scoping review is to identify, categorize and report current research for the effect and related toxicities of radiotherapy on female erectile tissues.

Practices impacting patients throughout the perioperative setting may be considered low value; as such they may benefit from de-implementation. We are surveying the current literature for any previous attempts to de-implement interventions in the perioperative/anesthesiology setting, while also looking at what has been accomplished in other fields, such as surgery and medicine. We will continue to extend the comparison of de-implementation in the perioperative period from implementation science. We hope to accomplish a new foundation for de-implementation research in the perioperative setting.

This project aims to monitor people's physical functioning during the COVID19 restrictions being in place. It entails different phases, starting with exploring feasibility. Following that, reliability of self-assessment of physical functioning would be determined. Following that, the monitoring of physical activity and physical functioning would be evaluated.

The objective of this project is to perform a scoping review of clinical guidelines, best practice publications, quality standards, and other related literature to develop a preliminary set of quality indicators for chiropractic care, to identify gaps, and to inform future research.

Introduction The management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is complex and multi-factorial. There has been growing recognition for the importance of patient-centred care using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to provide a standardised method of obtaining patients’ outlook on their functional status and wellbeing. Objective This study aims to address the management of patients diagnosed with DM, by conducting a systematic review of studies investigating the measurement properties of PROMs for DM and evaluating their methodological quality and level of evidence Methodology A systematic review guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement will be conducted to identify all studies investigating the measurement properties of PROMs for DM. The methodological quality of all included studies from the systematic literature review will then be assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist, and the results used to determine the overall evidence of each PROM. Impacts Currently, no systematic reviews have summarised PROMs for DM in general. A systematic review of the measurement properties of PROMs for DM would assist clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate and high-quality PROMs for use in practice and research.

We will assess the publicly available registry information, including historical records, of a sample of clinical trials conducted in Germany between 2009 and 2017. We aim to provide a thorough overview of the state of outcome switching from the first trial registration to the results publication and spin related to primary outcomes in results publications. Specifically, we will assess the extent to which trials show changes of outcomes in the registry entry (within-registration changes) after study start, the extent to which trials show primary outcome changes between their last registry entry before publication and the respective publication, and how changes to the outcome are reported in the respective publication. Additionally, we will determine spin in the reporting of outcomes, specifically focusing on outcomes without nominal statistical significance. We will also explore to what extent all these practices are interlinked, as well as their determinants and the timepoints of changes. In addition, the results of this analysis will contribute to a clinical trial transparency dashboard that informs individual German University Medical Centers about their performance in registration and reporting.

This meta-research study aims to quantify the prevalence of reporting of criteria of good clinical practice and transparent research practices among full-length clinical trials published in orthopedics and sports medicine journals. Therefore, articles representing clinical studies published in the top 25% journals in the "orthopedics and sports medicine" category will be screened and assessed with regard to pre-specified criteria.

This review examines the reporting and the influence of conditions in which preclinical glioblastoma in vitro cell line research takes places. We focus on the common U87 cell line model where we defined about 15 parameters like cell line authentification and details on culture media. In the course of this we will analyse if possible differences in these parameters lead to differences in the outcome of cell growth - once in the response to temozolimde (standard of care therapy of glioblastoma) and secondly in the growth without pharmacologic intervention. Our aim is to identify relevant parameters which could be responsible for insufficient reproducibility and to improve the preclinical brain cancer research with these findings.

This is a protocol of a scoping review that will describe the breadth of the literature on access to and utilization of nonpharmacologic therapies to manage chronic pain among people with disabilities and older adults.

The aim of our study will be to systematically investigate the detection of pleural effusion ANA at a titre of ≥1:160 and the pleural fluid to serum ANA ratio ≥1 in patients with lupus pleuritis compared to SLE patients with pleural effusions from other causes.

This scoping review examines the literature on pregnancy among women with physical disabilities to characterize, synthesize and evaluate the current evidence to inform care practices, highlight gaps in knowledge, and guide the development of interventions to reduce longstanding inequities in maternal care and pregnancy outcomes for women with physical disabilities.

This qualitative study aims to analyze the attitudes and preferences of a group of Italian osteopaths in the clinical application of SD.

This registration contains the project plan prior to receiving the data of the cross sectional study regarding cancer prevalence and characteristic of cancer care between individuals with and without mild or severe intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands. The used template for this registration is the current AsPredicted standard.

Schizophrenia is a very challenging condition to medically manage, especially with majority of the population ending up with medication noncompliance due to the severity of treatment resistance, adverse affects. This ultimately leads to a very poor quality of life. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been proposed as a new intervention to use in patients with treatment resistant Schizophrenia or those who are approaching treatment resistance due to poor access and inadequate quality of life. We hypothesize that ECT will improve the quality of life in schizophrenia and reduce the overall population in the frightening treatment resistant and become more treatment compliant and potentially remission.

Data underpinning the paper entitled "Developing composite indices of geographical access and need for nursing home care in Ireland, using multiple criteria decision analysis" by Reddy BP, O'Neill S and O'Neill C, published in HRB Open 2020. Abstract: Background: Spatial accessibility has consistently been shown to influence utilisation of care and health outcomes, compared against local population needs. We sought to identify how appropriately nursing homes (NHs) are distributed in Ireland, as its NH market lacks central planning. Methods: We used multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approaches to develop composite indices of both access (calculated by us and toincorporating measures of availability, choice, quality and affordability) and local NH need for over 65s (relating to the proportion living alone, with cognitive disabilities or with low self-rated health, estimated scores for activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, the average number of disabilities per person and the average age of this group). Data for need were derived from census data. Results were mapped to better understand underlying geographical patterns. Results: By comparing local accessibility and need, underserved areas could be identified, which were clustered particularly in the country’s northwest. Suburbs, particularly around Dublin, were by this measure relatively overserved. Conclusions: We have developed multi-dimensional indices of both accessibility to, and need for, nursing home care. This was carried out by combining granular, open data sources and elicited expert/stakeholder opinion from practitioners. Mapping these data helped to highlight clear evidence of inequitable variation in nursing home distribution.

It is considered relevant to know the non-pharmacological interventions used by health professionals when working with children who present challenges in eating, since these are a factor of great influence on family routines and children's health status. However, we have not found reviews that accurately describe what theoretical frameworks are used to intervene in a non-pharmacological way, the contexts in which these interventions are implemented and the composition of the therapeutic teams that carry them out, with the degree of training and required specialization. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview over existing evidence of non-pharmacological interventions used in the treatment of children with feeding challenges. The protocol is based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Databases to be searched include: PubMed, Embase CINAHL, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS, EBSCO, BASE, OTseeker, LA Reference and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. The review will consider studies that include children 18 years of age or younger who have eating disorders, regardless of diagnosis, and who participated in non-pharmacological interventions provided by any healthcare professional. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool including specific details about the population, concept, context, study methods and key findings relevant to the review objective. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form that align with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated and/or charted results and will describe how the results relate to the reviews objective and questions.

This is a systematic review protocol exploring the aetiology of and treatments for chronic post amputation and neuropathic pain in veterans with conflict wounds. The review will be conducted using the British Medical Journal and The Lancet for the years 1914-1985.

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) remains an important cause of childhood blindness. It occurs when premature birth results in avascular peripheral retina up-regulating the production of vascular growth factors in the extra-uterine environment, resulting in pathological fibrovascular proliferation. This process is exacerbated by additional factors such as low birth weight and the use of supplemental oxygen. Proper screening of neonates at risk is necessary to identify those who may need treatment. The current standard of care for detecting ROP is indirect ophthalmoscopy of the peripheral retina after pupillary dilation. In regions where access to ophthalmologists is limited, delayed detection of ROP progression and the resulting lack of timely intervention leads to permanent blindness. With the advent of telemedicine programs, fundus photography and computer based analysis of these images can be used to provide adequate care for those in need. Over the past decade, software programs involving the use of artificial intelligence have been developed with the goal of improving screening and diagnosis of ROP. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the developments in this field and assess their efficacy in comparison to indirect ophthalmoscopy.

mild to moderate long-covid digital intervention study

The objective of this scoping review is to provide information about current research in medical imaging departments regarding IPC, and to use the SEIPS model to identify the work system factors (persons, organisation, tools and technology, tasks and environment) influencing the practice of IPC, in order to better understand challenges and facilitators that affect IPC in medical imaging departments. A scoping review is appropriate for this topic, as we aim to generate an overview of evidence, summarise the results and identify research gaps.

The ageing population poses a growing problem to global healthcare systems; by 2050 the proportion of older adults within the population will almost double (WHO, 2021). Approximately a third of community dwelling adults over the age of 65 fall each year (Rubenstein, 2006; Tinetti & Williams, 1998) with around half experiencing more than one fall per year (Hawk et al., 2006). One of the principal methods of identifying those at risk of falling is to identify if a person has a fear of falling (FoF). Multiple questionnaires and surveys have been developed to assess FoF. One of the most effective measures of falls efficacy is Tinetti’s Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) (Tinetti et al., 1990), which utilised a ten question survey structured around how confident subjects were completing certain activities (e.g. taking a bath or shower, walking around the house, answering the door or telephone). This original questionnaire has been modified for different populations of older adults, including the Falls Efficacy Scale International version (FES-I which was developed in 2005 (Yardley et al., 2005), and is commonly used in clinical and research arenas. The FES variations are typically used to assess FoF in those with neurological disorders (e.g. Stroke and Parkinson’s disease), but also used more widely in falls assessment of the general population, aiming to identify those with a FoF (likely having had a recent fall) and provide them with an intervention strategy. This scoping review aims to summarise the previous uses of any iteration of the FES as a screening tool for falls, investigating both retrospective and prospective uses of the questionnaires as screening tools.

In Africa, the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is slower than in high income settings. Furthermore, in Africa, the rollout started in the first quarter of 2021 compared with earlier periods (December 2020 and January 2021) in high income settings. Optimal COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Africa should be guided by context-specific and up to date available evidence. We conducted an umbrella review to identify, analyze and characterize the evidence synthesis that is available and has the potential to inform COVID-19 vaccination practices and policies in Africa.

During pregnancy screening is an essential part of obstetric care. Underpinned by disease burden research, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening is frequently recommended whereas intimate partner violence (IPV) screening in antenatal is not. Male-predominance in obstetric and medical research, traditional greater availability of funding for men researchers, and intuitive tendencies towards a metabolic disturbance like GDM vs a social problem like IPV may have an impact on authors’ gender in obstetric research.

BACKGROUNDManagement of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is compounded by the rising rates of resistance to antimicrobials. Public Health England highlighted areas of the North West of England as having suboptimal practices in the treatment of UTIs. This project aims to evaluate the resistance in Merseyside compared to the national rates, examine resistance in urological patients, review the rates of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli over time, as well as consider increased fluid intake in the management of UTIs.METHODSUropathogen resistance rates in Merseyside from December 2012 to February 2013 were compared to those nationally reported, with sub analysis of resistance rates in urological patients. The rate of ESBL Escherichia coli in Cheshire was reviewed.MEDLINE, EMBASE, and unpublished literature using OpenGrey and OpenDOAR, were searched since inception to February 2015. Five studies recruiting 2182 patients were included in the analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and MedCalc 15.4.RESULTSResistance rates in Merseyside were not found to be higher than the national rates. Urological patients exhibited a statistically significant higher resistance (p