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Background: In Sudan, the prevalence of diabetes in adults was estimated at 19.1% in 2015. This study assessed dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sudan. Methods: We randomly selected 238 T2DM patients from a list of 2460 patients from the Jabber Abulizz Hospital. We interviewed them face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of KAP regarding the recommended diets for T2DM patients. Results: Majority of the patients demonstrated good knowledge (54.6%), positive attitude (79%); and good practice (58%). The result revealed that patients with formal education had 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6-5.7) times higher odds of having good diabetic dietary knowledge than those with informal education. While patients who had good knowledge and a positive attitude were respectively 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-8.9) and 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.7) times more likely to follow dietary recommendations than the patients with poor knowledge and negative attitudes. Conclusion: Irrespective of the socio-demographic position, the good knowledge and the positive attitude towards the rec- ommended diet, all the T2DM patients complied with the dietary recommendations. These findings highlight the need for improving knowledge and promoting positive attitudes towards the recommended diet among T2DM patients. Keywords: Dietary knowledge; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Sudan.

Background: Female circumcision (FC) is a widespread practice that is carried out on young girls between the ages of 5 and 10 years, it is not a religious obligation required by known religions. It is practiced mainly in Africa and in some Asian countries. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Ombada province, with objectives to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices among mothers towards female circumcision. Results: Three-hundred-and-sixty-eight - questionnaires were returned. The mean age of the mothers participated in study was (32±11.9) years, (51.0%) of them had formal education and (84.5%) were Muslim. All mothers knew female circumcision, (80.2%) of them affirmed that it is still practiced in their society. The significant reasons why FC persistent practice were; to insure virginity, compliance religious instructions, avoid social stigma, good for prospective marriages, with proportion of (52.2%), (32.9%), (10.2%) and (4.7%), respectively. The majority of mothers were known its health consequences, (85.0%) of mothers knew that female circumcision it can be eradicated through increasing mother’s awareness (68.0%). The attitude of mothers towards (FC) was negative attitude (71.5%) i.e. encouraging it. The negative attitudes were associated with marriage prospective (29.7%), safeguard virginity (27.4%), religious instructions (19.0%), husband pleasure (11.4%), removal of genitalia dirtiness (5.7%), and tradition practice (5.3%). Whereas Type I, clitoridectomy (Sauna) the most preferred type by mothers (43.9%). Conclusions: Mothers participating in the study aware about FC While, the practice and negative attitudes is still persistent among mothers in northern Sudan, supported by religious, culture, social, tradition and misconceptions.