Author: "Abdul Salam" / Topic: medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

510 results on '"Abdul Salam"'

1. Distribution of ABO and D antigen expression in Yogyakarta, Java Island: a pioneer large-scale study in Indonesia

Author: Hasna Fadlilatul Bidayah, Teguh Triyono, Yann Fichou, Rarastoeti Pratiwi, Diah Nurpratami, and Abdul Salam Sofro
Subjects: ABO, Rh, Blood Group System, Distribution, Indonesia, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Abstract Objective Here, we sought to report ABO and D antigen distribution in blood donors from Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. Phenotype data (ABO/D) from donors who donated blood between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, at the Yogyakarta Blood Donor Unit were extracted from the blood donor registry, and phenotype frequency was calculated subsequently. Results In the 245,307 blood donors collected over six years, ABO phenotype frequency: O (frequency: 38.5%) > B (29.4%) > A (24.1%) > AB (8.0%). The D-positive phenotype was far more common (99.5%) than the D-negative phenotype (0.5%). The phenotypic pattern globally is similar to previous reports in Southeast Asia. The D antigen distribution is similar to world distribution as the most common blood group. For the first time in Indonesia, this distribution of ABO and D phenotype is reported in a large-scale study. This work is a pioneer in the coordinated optimization of transfusion guidelines at the national level.
Published: 2024
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2. Performance analysis of linearization schemes for modelling multi-phase flow in porous media

Author: Abdul Salam Abd, Ali Asif, and Ahmad Abushaikha
Subjects: Linearization, Nonlinear solvers, Reservoir simulation, Numerical analysis, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Reservoir simulation is crucial for understanding the flow response in underground reservoirs, and it significantly helps reduce uncertainties in geological characterization and optimize methodologies for field development strategies. However, providing efficient and accurate solutions for the strong heterogeneity remains challenging, as most of the discretization methods cannot handle this complexity. In this work, we perform a comprehensive assessment of various numerical linearization techniques employed in reservoir simulation, particularly focusing on the performance of the nonlinear solver for problem dealing with fluid flow in porous media. The primary linearization methods examined are finite difference central (FDC), finite forward difference (FDF), and operator-based linearization (OBL). These methods are rigorously analyzed and compared in terms of their accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability to changing reservoir conditions. The results demonstrate that each method has distinct strengths and limitations. The FDC method is more accurate particularly in complex simulations where strong heterogeneity are introduced but is generally slower in convergence. The OBL on the other hand, is more efficient and converges quickly, which makes it suitable for scenarios with limited computational resources and simple physics, while the FDF method provides a balanced combination of precision and computational speed, contingent upon careful step size management of the derivative estimations. This paper aims to guide the selection of appropriate linearization techniques for enhancing nonlinear solvers’ accuracy and efficiency in reservoir simulation .
Published: 2024
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3. A comprehensive study on the impact of human hair fiber and millet husk ash on concrete properties: response surface modeling and optimization

Author: Naraindas Bheel, Muhammad Alamgeer Shams, Samiullah Sohu, Abdul Salam Buller, Taoufik Najeh, Fouad Ismail Ismail, and Omrane Benjeddou
Subjects: Concrete, Millet husk ash, Human hair fiber, Hardened properties, RSM modeling and optimization, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Revolutionizing construction, the concrete blend seamlessly integrates human hair (HH) fibers and millet husk ash (MHA) as a sustainable alternative. By repurposing human hair for enhanced tensile strength and utilizing millet husk ash to replace sand, these materials not only reduce waste but also create a durable, eco-friendly solution. This groundbreaking methodology not only adheres to established structural criteria but also advances the concepts of the circular economy, representing a significant advancement towards environmentally sustainable and resilient building practices. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the fresh and mechanical characteristics of concrete blended with 10–40% MHA as a sand substitute and 0.5–2% HH fibers by applying response surface methodology modeling and optimization. A comprehensive study involved preparing 225 concrete specimens using a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.52, followed by a 28 day curing period. It was found that a blend of 30% MHA and 1% HH fibers gave the best compressive and splitting tensile strengths at 28 days, which were 33.88 MPa and 3.47 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the incorporation of increased proportions of MHA and HH fibers led to reductions in both the dry density and workability of the concrete. In addition, utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA), response prediction models were created and verified with a significance level of 95%. The models' R2 values ranged from 72 to 99%. The study validated multi-objective optimization, showing 1% HH fiber and 30% MHA in concrete enhances strength, reduces waste, and promotes environmental sustainability, making it recommended for construction.
Published: 2024
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4. Hybrid of Metapenaeus dobsoni lectin and platinum nanoparticles exert antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects to reduce bacterial bioburden in infected Nile tilapia

Author: Sreeja Lakshmi, Abdul Salam Rubeena, Siva Bala Subramaniyan, Thiagarajan Raman, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan, Jesu Arockiaraj, Sivashanmugam Karthikeyan, Veerappan Anbazhagan, and Elumalai Preetham
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract A novel antibacterial immunostimulant using Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and lectin from Metapenaeus dobsoni (Md-Lec) was developed. The Md-Lec and PtNPs (Pt-lec) hybrid formed through non-covalent interaction exhibits antimicrobial activity against fish specific pathogens by affecting membrane integrity and producing excess reactive oxygen species. The therapeutic efficacy of Pt-lec was demonstrated through rescuing Aeromonas hydrophila infected Nile Tilapia. Pt-lec prevents the infection spreading and reduces the bacterial bioburden in less than 12 h, and as a result of this the fish were restored to normalcy. To assess immunostimulation, we studied the expression of three different immune related genes, namely LEC, Myd88 and COX-2 in the gills, liver, spleen and kidney of fish under various experimental conditions. Our results showed that Pt-lec treatment appeared to be better when compared to lectin alone in enhancing the expression of Myd88 and COX-2, but LEC was not as expected. These results suggest that Pt-lec has the ability to protect Nile Tilapia against bacterial infection by restricting bacterial bioburden through their direct effects on the bacterial membrane and indirectly through their effects on host immune-related gene expression. This hybrid could have potential “green” application in fish farming in rescuing infected animals when compared to widely and unregulated antibiotics.
Published: 2023
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5. Short term energy consumption forecasting using neural basis expansion analysis for interpretable time series

Author: Abdul Khalique Shaikh, Amril Nazir, Imran Khan, and Abdul Salam Shah
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Smart grids and smart homes are getting people’s attention in the modern era of smart cities. The advancements of smart technologies and smart grids have created challenges related to energy efficiency and production according to the future demand of clients. Machine learning, specifically neural network-based methods, remained successful in energy consumption prediction, but still, there are gaps due to uncertainty in the data and limitations of the algorithms. Research published in the literature has used small datasets and profiles of primarily single users; therefore, models have difficulties when applied to large datasets with profiles of different customers. Thus, a smart grid environment requires a model that handles consumption data from thousands of customers. The proposed model enhances the newly introduced method of Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for interpretable Time Series (N-BEATS) with a big dataset of energy consumption of 169 customers. Further, to validate the results of the proposed model, a performance comparison has been carried out with the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Blocked LSTM, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Blocked GRU and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). The proposed interpretable model improves the prediction accuracy on the big dataset containing energy consumption profiles of multiple customers. Incorporating covariates into the model improved accuracy by learning past and future energy consumption patterns. Based on a large dataset, the proposed model performed better for daily, weekly, and monthly energy consumption predictions. The forecasting accuracy of the N-BEATS interpretable model for 1-day-ahead energy consumption with “day as covariates” remained better than the 1, 2, 3, and 4-week scenarios.
Published: 2022
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6. Efficient class of ratio cum median estimators for estimating the population median

Author: Mir Subzar, Showkat Ahmad Lone, Emmanuel J. Ekpenyong, Abdul Salam, Muhammad Aslam, T. A. Raja, and Salmeh A. Almutlak
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In estimation theory, the use of auxiliary information significantly improves precision while estimating population parameters. In this paper, an efficient class of ratio cum median estimators of the population median is suggested using simple random sampling without replacement. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed class are derived theoretically. The condition for the asymptotic optimum estimator is obtained with its bias and mean square error expressions. Under certain realistic conditions, the asymptotic optimum estimator is more proficient, based on analytical and numerical comparisons with some existing estimators that are members of the suggested class of estimators. The superiority of the proposed ratio cum median estimators is shown through real data applications. Such a new proposed estimator will be useful in the future for data analysis and making decisions.
Published: 2023

7. Determinants of stunting in children under five years old in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province: 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey.

Author: Hayani Anastasia, Veni Hadju, Rudy Hartono, Samarang, Manjilala, Sirajuddin, Abdul Salam, and Atmarita
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundThe prevalence of stunting in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province is relatively high. Studies reveal various household, parental, and child factors are associated with stunting. This paper aimed to determine the determinants of stunting among children under five in South and West Sulawesi Province using the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey.MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis using the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Surveys. The unit of analysis was children under five years, and the study obtained 3641 and 4423 children in South Sulawesi Province from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey, respectively, and 804 and 1059 children from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey in West Sulawesi Province, respectively. The multivariable poisson regression model was conducted to determine the determinants of stunting.ResultsThe results showed that the mean age of children in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province was 31.1 months and 30.8 months, respectively, on 2013 survey compare to 29.6 months and 29.1 months on the 2018 survey. The determinants of stunting in children under five in South Sulawesi Province in 2013 survey were household with two children under five (APR:1.24; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3; p-value = 0.006), maternal BMI (APR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.03-1.1; p-value = ConclusionsThe determinants of stunting in children under five in South Sulawesi Province are number of children under five in the household, maternal education, maternal weight, maternal height, maternal BMI, child's age, and birthweight. Meanwhile, the determinants of stunting in children under five in West Sulawesi were wealth, maternal education, maternal weight, maternal BMI,, child's age, child's sex, and history of acute respiratory infection. Hence, intervention on household and child levels as well as maternal sociodemographic factors need to be addressed.
Published: 2023
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8. Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma for Severe COVID-19: Interim Report of a Multicenter Phase II Study from Saudi Arabia

Author: Nawal AlShehry, Syed Ziauddin A Zaidi, Ahmed AlAskar, Abdurahman Al Odayani, Jawaher Mubarak Alotaibi, Ahmed AlSagheir, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Saud Balelah, Abdul Salam, Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi, Diea Alawami, Mohammed S Alshahrani, Nour AlMozain, Yem M Abulhamayel, Reem Al Qunfoidi, Mona Alfaraj, Nahid Qushmaq, Rehab Alansari, Afra Dayel, Ghada Elgohary, Ahmed Al Bahrani, Arwa A Nabhan Abdelhameed, Hazza Abdullah AlZahrani, Hanan Alturkistani, Nada AlShehry, Mohammed Abdulhameed Albalawi, Ibrahim Elalfy, Hind Alhumaidan, and Hani Al-Hashmi
Subjects: antibodies, convalescent plasma, covid-19, sars-cov-2, saudi arabia, Medicine
Abstract: Objective: To present the interim findings from a national study investigating the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) containing detectable IgG antibodies as a treatment strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Trial Design and Participants: An open label, two-arm, phase-II clinical trial conducted across 22 hospitals from Saudi Arabia. The intervention group included 40 adults (aged ≥18 years) with confirmed severe COVID-19 and the control group included 124 patients matched using propensity score for age, gender, intubation status, and history of diabetes and/or hypertension. Intervention group included those (a) with severe symptoms (dyspnea; respiratory rate, ≥30/min; SpO2, ≤93%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, 50% within 24–48 h), (b) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care or (c) experiencing life-threatening conditions. The control group included confirmed severe COVID-19 patients of similar characteristics who did not consent for CP infusion or were not able to receive CP due to its nonavailability. Interventions: The intervention group participants were infused 300 ml (200–400 ml/treatment dose) CP at least once, and if required, daily for up to 5 sessions, along with receiving the best standard of care. The control group only received the best standard of care. Outcomes: The primary endpoints were safety and ICU length of stay (LOS). The secondary endpoints included 30-day mortality, days on mechanical ventilation and days to clinical recovery. Results: CP transfusion did not result in any adverse effects. There was no difference in the ICU LOS (median 8 days in both groups). The mortality risk was lower in the CP group: 13% absolute risk reduction (P = 0.147), hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.554 (0.299–1.027; P = 0.061) by log-rank test. There was no significant difference in the days on mechanical ventilation and days to clinical recovery. Conclusion: CP containing detectable antibodies is a safe strategy and may result in a decrease in mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. The results of the completed trial with a larger study sample would provide more clarity if this difference in mortality is significant. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347681; Saudi Clinical Trials Registry No.: 20041102.
Published: 2021
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9. Specialty preferences of final year students studying physical therapy in Peshawar

Author: Shehermaan Shadab Amin, Shagufta Jabeen, Zainab Malishba Ahmed, Kanwal Gul, Abdul Salam, Huma Balqias, and Madiha Anees
Subjects: perception, physical therapy, specialty, Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: Choosing a specialty after graduation plays an important role in the life of a student. However, little is known about students' preferences about selection of specialties in physical therapy students in developing countries. This study aimed to find out specialties' preferences and factors that influence students' choices of selection any specialty in physical therapy students studying in final year. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on students of physical therapy institutes located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. Data was collected from final year students only. All students who were eligible, were included for this survey and a total of 185 students participated in this survey. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and questionnaires were distributed amongst them. The data collection tool used for this study was a semi-structured questionnaire. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. The measure of frequencies was obtained for variables and chi-square test was applied to measure the association between variables. Results: A total of 185 students, 101 (54.6%) female and 84 (45.4%) male with a mean age of 23.44 ± 1.54 years participated in this study. Among all the participants, 145 (78.3%) intended to specialize in the future. The most preferred specialty amongst these participants was Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy (n=80,43.2%). The least chosen specialty was Geriatrics Physical Therapy (n=2, 1.1%). Among male participants no one selected Gynecological Physical Therapy as specialty. Prestige within the profession was considered the most important factor for specialty preference (n=118, 81.4%). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy remained preferred choice of specialty amongst students of final year studying Doctor of Physical Therapy in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The most important reported factor effecting specialty preferences amongst physical therapy students is prestige within the profession.
Published: 2020
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10. Effects of Physical therapy Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence among Postnatal Women-A quasi experimental study

Author: Sabiha Arshad, Iqra Waseem, Tahir Mahmood, Farwah Batool, and Abdul Salam
Subjects: Stress urinary incontinence, Kegel Exercise, Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise, Urine Leakage, Urine Loss, Pads, Medicine
Abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: During delivery, stress incontinence develops due to weakness of pelvic floor muscles. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of physiotherapy among post-natal women having stress urinary incontinence. METHODOLOGY: This Quasi-Experimental study was conducted on 40 post-natal women in the age of 25-40 years. The data was collected using a convenient sampling technique. After an informed consent, participants were assessed on the day of the visit, and pelvic floor muscle exercises [kegel exercise] were performed. First, they were assessed on 1st visit and the final assessment was made at end of treatment by using the same physical examination. The assessment was done on 1st visit and after 12 weeks, with 3-5 sessions/week. SPSS version 20.0 was used for analysis of data and paired–t test was used for comparing pre and post intervention. RESULTS: The current study comprised 22 (55%) participants with 25-32 years of age group and 18(45%) in 32-40 years of age. The results showed that 2 (5%) had no urine leakage, while 20(50%) had 3-4 times leakage, 25(62.5%) left their pads /garments during the treatment period. Of them 18(45%) had no restriction and 15(37.5%) had some restriction in daily activities and 19 (47.5%) have fair squeeze, 12 (30%) had a weak squeeze, p-value had shown statistically significant difference at p
Published: 2022
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11. Application of Lateral Wedge in Knee Osteoarthritis for Improving Pain and Quality of Life

Author: Abdul Salam, Waqar Ahmad Awan, Tahir Mahmood, Muhammad Shah Rukh, and Nimra Seffat
Subjects: knee osteoarthritis, quality of life, lateral wedge, Medicine
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of lateral wedge with and without conventional physiotherapy in relieving knee pain and quality of life in patients of knee Osteoarthritis. METHODOLOGY: This Randomized controlled study was conducted in Madina Clinics, Faisalabad. By using simple random technique 40 patients in range 40-60 years of age with clinically and radiologically diagnosed cases of grade II and III were studied, from February to August 2016. Subjects were divided in two groups with 20 subjects in each group. KOOS knee survey was used for the assessment of Quality of life. RESULTS: Mean total pain score on baseline of experimental group was 79.95±2.5 while the score amongst the control group was 79.95±7.69, after application of lateral wedges along with other treatments, score after 2nd week was 84.65 ± 2.94 while in control group was 80.25±2.9.97. After 4th week the symptoms score in experimental group was 83.00 ± 0.00 while control group was 88.95 ± 2.96. After the 6th week score was 91.5±14.5 of experimental and 81.8±9.5 of control group.These results of insole Wedges is also correlated with a lateral shift in the location of the COP in stance phase. Increase in the knee joint varus moment with insole Wedges suggests that the indication and limitations of laterally wedged insoles in general should be analysed in detail. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the lateral wedges were significant in reduction of pain and symptoms as well as improve the quality of life .
Published: 2019
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12. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Author: Sanjeev Balappa Khanagar, Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath Ali, HamidMohammed Alhamid, Turki Thear AlQahtani, Talal Salem Alghamdi, Khalid Ibrahim Alobailan, Mohammad Zaki Alaqeel, and Mohammed Hussein Alassaf
Subjects: coronavirus disease-2019, contagion, disease prevention, economic impact, infection control, practice management, risk perception, Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a major impact on health care professionals, especially the dental care professionals, who are operating in close contact with their patients. Aim: To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia in terms of mental status, dental practice changes and financial status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental practitioners working in governmental and private sectors in Saudi Arabia from June to August 2020. The data was collected using a self-admistered questionnaire which included demographic data, the participants’ mental status with a focus on fear and anxiety, changes that occurred on the dental practice due to the pandemic in addition to its impact on the financial status and income. The data was entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Descriptive statistics was calculated and Chi-square analysis was done. Results: A total of 156 subjects (95 (60.9%) male and 61 (39.1%) were female) participated in this study. Most of the respondents 122 (78.2%) were concerned about transmitting the infection to people around them, 149 (95.5%) planned to implement face shields in their practice among other practice changes, 104 (66.7%) expressed concern regarding the impact of the pandemic on their future income. Majority of consultants consider that COVID-19 pandemic “negatively affected” their income which was statistically significant (p=0.028). Similarly, majority of participants private sector also considered that COVID-19 pandemic “negatively affected/positively affected” their income which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, dental practitioners are more affected than other health providers. This is evident by the fear and anxiety, which they are going through and the negative impact of the pandemic, which included drop in their income and limited clinical practice hours due to the deferral of elective treatment.
Published: 2021
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13. Level of Actual Physical Fitness and its Perception among Students of Physiotherapy in Lahore

Author: Tahir Mahmood, Wajeeha Mahmood, Umer Maqsood, Abdul Salam, and Nimra Sefat
Subjects: physical fitness, perception, physiotherapy students, lahore., Medicine
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess estimated and measured the physical fitness level of physiotherapy students. METHODOLOGY: This Cross sectional study carried out at Azra Naheed Medical College and School of Allied Health Sciences, Children Hospital Lahore, with Simple convenient sampling technique. The data was collected from 115 students including 42 male and 73 female, from 3rd year to final year. Self-perceived fitness questionnaire was used for estimation of perceived fitness and actual physical fitness level was measured by common clinical tests. Harvard step was used for fitness index measurement. SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis and Pearson correlation for the correlation of perceived and measured physical fitness level. RESULTS: It was evident that physiotherapy students have good perception about their BMI. Results of perceived and measured body composition were correlated significantly .004 because they have good perception of body composition. Measured strength was low from the perceived, although some males were in average level. The results of strength show significant correlation for upper extremity that was 269 but for lower extremity non-significant. But measured flexibility results were good for lower extremities as compared to the shoulder flexibility for upper extremities, but both variables were different from perceived fitness. Actual fitness index level was very low as compared to the self-estimated. CONCLUSION: Measured fitness was quite different from self-perceived. The students of physiotherapy were not physically fit as they perceived it. They need to improve their physical fitness level as their profession requires.
Published: 2019
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14. Prediction of infarction volume and infarction growth rate in acute ischemic stroke

Author: Saadat Kamran, Naveed Akhtar, Ayman Alboudi, Kainat Kamran, Arsalan Ahmad, Jihad Inshasi, Abdul Salam, Ashfaq Shuaib, and Uvais Qidwai
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The prediction of infarction volume after stroke onset depends on the shape of the growth dynamics of the infarction. To understand growth patterns that predict lesion volume changes, we studied currently available models described in literature and compared the models with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System [ANFIS], a method previously unused in the prediction of infarction growth and infarction volume (IV). We included 67 patients with malignant middle cerebral artery [MMCA] stroke who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy. All patients had at least three cranial CT scans prior to the surgery. The rate of growth and volume of infarction measured on the third CT was predicted with ANFIS without statistically significant difference compared to the ground truth [P = 0.489]. This was not possible with linear, logarithmic or exponential methods. ANFIS was able to predict infarction volume [IV3] over a wide range of volume [163.7–600 cm3] and time [22–110 hours]. The cross correlation [CRR] indicated similarity between the ANFIS-predicted IV3 and original data of 82% for ANFIS, followed by logarithmic 70%, exponential 63% and linear 48% respectively. Our study shows that ANFIS is superior to previously defined methods in the prediction of infarction growth rate (IGR) with reasonable accuracy, over wide time and volume range.
Published: 2017
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15. Progression of stroke deficits in patients presenting with mild symptoms: The underlying etiology determines outcome.

Author: Naveed Akhtar, Saadat Kamran, Hisham Elkhider, Soha Al-Makki, Noha Mhjob, Lubna ElShiekh, Hassan AlHussain, Musab Ali, Rola Khodair, Faisal Wadiwala, Abdul Salam, Dirk Deleu, Reny Francis, and Ashfaq Shuaib
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background and purposePatients with acute stroke and mild or rapidly improving symptoms frequently show progression. The role of reperfusion treatment in such patients is not clear. We hypothesized that progression was most likely in patients with cortical localization and such patients may benefit from thrombolysis.Material and methodsWe interrogated Hamad Stroke Database to evaluate 90-days outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within 4 hours and a NIHSS score of ≤6. Evaluation was based on localization (lacunar or cortical), multi-model imaging abnormalities and whether they received rt-PA. The 90-day mRS was used to determine outcome.ResultsDuring study period 6381 patients were admitted with acute stroke. Mild stroke within 4 hours was diagnosed in 506 [no thrombolysis: 381(lacunar: 213; cortical: 168), thrombolysis: 125 (lacunar: 45; cortical: 80)]. The rt-PA treated patients had significantly higher NIHSS (2.94±3.9 versus 1.28±2.46, pConclusionsThe outcome in patients with mild stroke depends on lesion location (lacunar versus cortical) and severity of symptoms. Patients who receive rt-PA have significantly larger deficits, increased imaging abnormalities and higher rates of hospital complication, explaining the poor outcome in such subjects.
Published: 2020
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16. Sensory Characteristics of Different Types of Chicken Karahi

Author: Arab Khan Lund, Yar Muhammad Jalbani, Abdul Samad Mangsi, Qudratullah Kalwar, Rasool Bux Laghari, Kashif Ali Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Khoso, and Abdul Salam Arain
Subjects: Meat products, sensory properties, chicken karahi, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the sensory characteristics of different types of chicken karahi, is one of the favorite dishes of Pakistani people. Fifteen trained panelists were asked for the sensory evaluation of karahi. The sensory evaluation showed that the white shahi chicken karahi received significantly (P0.05) with the red shahi chicken karahi (4.53, 4.14 & 7.33, respectively). The panel of judges found that the white shahi chicken karahi was tenderer and has improved flavor followed by red shahi chicken karahi in comparison to koyla chicken karahi. However, the panel of judges was found non-significant (P>0.05) difference in color and juiciness of white shahi (4.21 & 4.06, respectively), red shahi (4.29 & 3.88, respectively) and koyla chicken karahi (4.55 & 3.91, respectively). The koyla chicken karahi received the highest score for color followed by red shahi and white shahi chicken karahi while juiciness was higher in white shahi chicken karahi followed by koyla chicken karahi and red shahi chicken karahi. It could be concluded that the white shahi chicken karahi received the highest sensory score by the panel of judges followed by red shahi chicken karahi and koyla chicken karahi.
Published: 2019

17. Splenectomy: Does it help in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Author: Abdul Salam Memon, Riaz Memon, Agha Taj Muhammad, Syed Asad Ali, and Akmal Jamal Siddiqui
Subjects: splenectomy, thalassemia major, benefits., Medicine
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefits of elective splenectomy in selected patients with thalassemia major. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. PLACE OF STUDY: Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. DURATION OF STUDY: July 2014 to June 2015. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 27 selected patients of Thalassemia major were evaluated after open elective splenectomy via midline incision for the benefits achieved post operatively. RESULTS: Out of 27 patients 19 (70.3%) were male and 08(29.6%) were female, age ranges from 5-10 years with a mean age of 7 years. Out of 27 patients, 25 patients (81.48%) had a uneventful recovery, only 2 patients (7.4%) developed post-operative complications. No mortality was observed in this series. Post-operative long term maintenance of adequate hemoglobin and improved quality of life was observed in 26(96.29%) patients. Only 1(3.7%) patient who developed postoperative incisional hernia was not satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSION: We conclude that splenectomy is a safe and beneficial procedure in selected patients of thalassemia major.
Published: 2017
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18. Correction: Acute post stroke depression at a Primary Stroke Center in the Middle East.

Author: Stacy Schantz Wilkins, Naveed Akhtar, Abdul Salam, Paula Bourke, Sujatha Joseph, Mark Santos, and Ashfaq Shuaib
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208708.].
Published: 2019
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19. IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEAOARTHRITIS IN FAISALABAD

Author: Muhammad A wais Mujahid, Muhammad Junaid Azam, and Abdul Salam et al.
Subjects: Knee, Osteoarthritis, Quality of life, Womac, Kellgren and Lawrence, Medicine
Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There are many researches present in Pakistan and other countries on quality of life inpatients of knee osteoarthritis. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To analyze the quality of life aﬀected in patients due to knee osteoarthritis and to see the association between pain in walking and physical function variable by using Womack scale. METHODOLOGY: Patients from 40 to 65 years were included in this study as per inclusion criteria. This is cross-sectional study. Simple convenient sampling technique is being used. Sample size is 138. Patients with grade 3 knee osteoarthritis were included, diagnosed as per criteria of Kellgren and Lawrence grading scale. Data collected by using Womack scale from Allied hospital, District headquarter hospital (DHQ), Madinah teaching hospital (MTH) and Physiotherapy clinics the University of Faisalabad. RESULTS: The total Womack score of 138 patients was collected, 20 patients reported of having less than 35% aﬀected quality of life and 80reported in between 35%-50%, 29 reported in between 50%-65% and 9 show severe and above 65% aﬀected quality of life and cause diﬃculty in performing activities of daily living. Majority of patients have up to 50% aﬀected quality of life. There is also a strong association between pain in walking and physical function variables of Womac scale. CONCLUSION: Patients with grade 3 knee osteoarthritis have aﬀected quality of life. Pain in walking and physical function is associated with each other, and alpha was less than 0.05 so it was concluded that physical function variables are signiﬁcantly associated with pain during walking.
Published: 2018

20. Acute post stroke depression at a Primary Stroke Center in the Middle East.

Author: Stacy Schantz Wilkins, Naveed Akhtar, Abdul Salam, Paula Bourke, Sujatha Joseph, Mark Santos, and Ashfaq Shuaib
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:Depression occurs in approximately 30 percent of stroke patients, leading to increased disability, lower quality of life and increased mortality. Given new recommendations to assess depression in acute stroke patients this study evaluated rates of acute post stroke depression at a Primary Stroke Center in Doha, Qatar. METHODS:Acute stroke patients (n = 233) were given the PHQ-9 and the Mini-Cog test by stroke unit nurses within the first few days post stroke. This was part of a clinical improvement project conducted from March 2016 thru March 2017. RESULTS:Approximately 20% of acute post stroke patients (46/233) scored in the moderately depressed range on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 ≥10 with item 1 and/or 2 endorsed). Nationality and dysarthria were significantly associated with depression. Females were twice as likely to be depressed. A significantly greater number of Middle Eastern and African patients were depressed (30.18%) than Southeast Asian and Western Pacific patients (16.76%). A PHQ-2 cut off of 2 was optimal with sensitivity of 91.3 and specificity of 71.6. CONCLUSIONS:Almost 20% of acute stroke patients were moderately depressed on the PHQ-9, with Middle Eastern/African patients almost twice as likely to be depressed. This may reflect higher baseline pre-stroke depression levels in those of Middle Eastern/African background, perhaps due to greater levels or stress or trauma exposure in these groups. Dysarthria was found to be significantly associated with depression. Initial screening with the PHQ-2 using a cut-off of 2 (versus the cut-off of 3 used in primary care settings) may be beneficial. Based on these results acute post stroke depression screening is recommended in the Middle East, coupled with culturally sensitive psychiatric care.
Published: 2018
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21. Apolipoprotein E as Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease

Author: Pramudji Hastuti, Abdul Salam M. Sofro, Ahmad Husain Asdie, and Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Subjects: apolipoprotein E, ApoE ε4 gene carrier, Coronary Heart Disease, Dyslipidemia, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Allelic variation of apolipoprotein E (apo E) has been shown to infl uence the concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and considered to play a role as one of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Apo E polymorphism and the risk of CHD. Blood samples were collected from 33 CHD patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, and 38 apparently healthy control individuals in a cross sectional study. The common allelic variants of ApoE were screened employing polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results obtained were analyzed by t-test and signifi cantly different if p
Published: 2013
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22. Genetic Variation of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in Surabaya, Palu and Alor Populations of Indonesia

Author: Pramudji Hastuti, Abdul Salam Mudzakir Sofro, Ahmad Husain Asdie, and Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Subjects: Apolipoprotein E, genotypes, allele frequency, populations of Indonesia, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been considered to play an important role in cardiovascular disorders. Several studies reported that genetic variation in ApoE locus influence plasma lipoprotein level. The objectives of this study was to compare the frequency of ApoE genotypes and alleles in some populations of Indonesia. One hundred and ninety five voluntarily unrelated apparently healthy individuals were recruited from Surabaya, Palu and Alor representing the western, middle and eastern populations of Indonesia, respectively. Blood samples were collected from each subject for DNA extraction. The common allelic variants of ApoE were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Three alleles i.e. ε2, ε3 and ε4 were identified and five genotypes i.e. ApoE ε2/ε2, ApoE ε2/ε3, ApoE ε3/ε3, ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ ε4 were found in three populations studied, while ApoE ε4/ε4 was absent in Surabaya, representing the western populations of Indonesia. The frequency of ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles in the western population were 0.208, 0.701 and 0.092 respectively; in the middle population were 0.242, 0.618 and 0.140 respectively and in the eastern population of Indonesia were 0.267, 0.466 and 0.267 respectively. The highest frequency of ε2 and ε4 allele was found in the eastern population of Indonesia. The distribution of ε2 allele were not significantly different among all Indonesian populations, but significantly different were found in ε3 and ε4 allele in the eastern population compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesian. It can be concluded that the frequency of three ApoE alleles in the western and middle populations of Indonesia was not significantly different however, significantly different was observed in the frequency of ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles from the eastern compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesia.
Published: 2011
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23. Apolipoprotein E as Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease

Author: Pramudji Hastuti, Abdul Salam M Sofro, Ahmad Husain Asdie, and Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Subjects: Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Allelic variation of apolipoprotein E (apo E) has been shown to infl uence the concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and considered to play a role as one of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Apo E polymorphism and the risk of CHD. Blood samples were collected from 33 CHD patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, and 38 apparently healthy control individuals in a cross sectional study. The common allelic variants of ApoE were screened employing polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results obtained were analyzed by t-test and signifi cantly different if p risk factor for CHD. By controlling lipid profi le and applying multifactorial statistic analysis, it was shown that ε4 gene carrier was the risk factor for CHD, but not in triglyceride level, whereas ε2 carrier gene was not the risk factor for CHD. Dislipidemia was the risk factor for CHD and ApoE ε4 gene carrier was the risk factor for CHD.Key words: apolipoprotein E, ApoE ε4 gene carrier, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia.
Published: 2015

24. Genetic Variation of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in Surabaya, Palu and Alor Populations of Indonesia

Author: Pramudji Hastuti, Abdul Salam Mudzakir Sofro, Ahmad Husain Asdie, and Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Subjects: Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: AbstractApolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been considered to play an important role in cardiovascular disorders.Several studies reported that genetic variation in ApoE locus influence plasma lipoprotein level. The objectivesof this study was to compare the frequency of ApoE genotypes and alleles in some populations of Indonesia.One hundred and ninety five voluntarily unrelated apparently healthy individuals were recruited fromSurabaya, Palu and Alor representing the western, middle and eastern populations of Indonesia, respectively.Blood samples were collected from each subject for DNA extraction. The common allelic variants of ApoE werescreened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Three allelesi.e. ε2, ε3 and ε4 were identified and five genotypes i.e. ApoE ε2/ε2, ApoE ε2/ε3, ApoE ε3/ε3, ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ε4 were found in three populations studied, while ApoE ε4/ε4 was absent in Surabaya, representing the westernpopulations of Indonesia. The frequency of ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles in the western population were 0.208, 0.701and 0.092 respectively; in the middle population were 0.242, 0.618 and 0.140 respectively and in the easternpopulation of Indonesia were 0.267, 0.466 and 0.267 respectively. The highest frequency of ε2 and ε4 allelewas found in the eastern population of Indonesia. The distribution of ε2 allele were not significantly differentamong all Indonesian populations, but significantly different were found in ε3 and ε4 allele in the easternpopulation compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesian. It can be concluded thatthe frequency of three ApoE alleles in the western and middle populations of Indonesia was not significantlydifferent however, significantly different was observed in the frequency of ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles from theeastern compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesia.Keywords : Apolipoprotein E; genotypes; allele frequency; populations of Indonesia
Published: 2015

25. The tyrosine kinase receptor ROR1 is constitutively phosphorylated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.

Author: Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Abdul Salam Khan, Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh, Ali Moshfegh, Asa Sandin, Ladan Mansouri, Marzia Palma, Jeanette Lundin, Anders Österborg, and Håkan Mellstedt
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has a key role in cellular functions contributing to the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. We and others have previously demonstrated that RTK ROR1 is overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Silencing siRNA downregulated ROR1 and induced apoptosis of CLL cells. In the present study we analysed ROR1 isoforms and the phosphorylation pattern in CLL cells (n=38) applying western blot and flow-cytometry using anti-ROR1 antibodies and an anti-phospho-ROR1 antibody against the TK domain. Two major ROR1 bands with the size of 105 and 130 kDa respectively were identified, presumably representing unglycosylated (immature) and glycosylated (mature) ROR1 respectively as well as a 260 kDa band which may represent dimerized ROR1. A ROR1 band of 64 kDa that may correspond to a C-terminal fragment was also noted, present only in the nucleus. The 105 kDa ROR1 isoform was more frequently expressed in non-progressive as compared to progressive CLL patients (p=0.03). The 64, 105, 130 and 260 kDa bands were constitutively phosphorylated both at tyrosine and serine residues. Phosphorylation intensity of the mature (130 kDa) isoform was significantly higher in progressive than in non-progressive disease (p
Published: 2013
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26. Patterns of Tobacco Smoking in Haripur

Author: Muhammad Asif Jaleel, Rozina Nooreen, Abdul Salam, and Abida Parveen
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Background: The use of tobacco in any form by human being has proved to be a health hazard and its harmful effects on human health cannot be ignored. Smoking is the largest single preventable cause of ill health in the world, affecting smokers and non-smokers through pollution of the environment. We decided to know the pattern of tobacco smoking and their harmful effects in the residents of Haripur. Material & Methods: The study was carried out on 3200 subjects residing in different localities of Haripur. A questionnaire regarding their personal and specific information about smoking was filled individually. They were also asked about the common harmful effects of smoking. The results were compiled and analyzed. Results: Out of the 3200 study population, 1460 (45.63%) were found to be smokers. Some persons also used huka and cigar. Six hundred and twenty (42.46 %) smokers were smoking just for company while 456 (31.23 %) for anxiety and remaining 384 (26.30 %) only casually. Twenty to forty cigarettes of different brands per day were used. They were consuming money for cigarette smoking in the range of Pakistani Rupees 300-2000 per month. Among smokers, 855 (58.56 %) complained of nocturnal cough, 270 (18.49 %) during day and 335 (22.95 %) at both the times. Five hundred & eleven smokers (35 %) complained of sputum, while 116 subjects (7.94 %) haemoptysis. One hundred and nine smokers (7.46 %) reported symptoms or diagnosis of ischeamic heart disease. Eighty-eight (6.02 %) smokers smoked during fasting of Holy month of Ramazan. Eight hundred and seventy five smokers (59.93 %) do not hesitate to smoke at public places. Conclusion: Smoking is quite common in Haripur. Smokers should quit smoking to avoid financial losses and harmful physical effects.
Published: 2005

27. New Sequential and Parallel Support Vector Machine with Grey Wolf Optimizer for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Author: E. M. Badr, Sultan Almotairi, Mustafa Abdul Salam, and Hagar Ahmed
Subjects: Normalization (statistics), Multi-core processor, Speedup, Support vector machine, Computer science, General Engineering, medicine.disease, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Breast cancer, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Scaling techniques, Grey Wolf optimizer, Convergence (routing), Machine learning, medicine, Parallel processing, Sequential model, TA1-2040, Algorithm, Scaling
Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Early detection of cancer increases the probability of recovery. This work has three contributions. The first contribution is improving the performance of support vector machine (SVM) using a recent grey wolf optimizer (GWO) for diagnosis breast cancer with efficient scaling techniques. The second contribution is proposing three efficient scaling techniques against the classical normalization technique. The last contribution is using a parallel technique which applies task distribution to improve the efficiency of GWO. The proposed sequential model is applied on two different datasets, Wisconsin diagnosis breast cancer (WDBC) dataset and Electronic Health Records (EHR). Experimental results of WDBC show that the proposed hybrid GWO-SVM model achieves 98.60% with normalization scaling. Also, using the proposed scaling techniques with the proposed GWO-SVM model gives a fast convergence and achieves accuracy rate by 99.30%. The parallel version of the proposed model achieves a speedup by 3.9 on four CPU cores. On the other hand, Experimental results of EHR show that the proposed hybrid GWO-SVM model achieves 93.26% with normalization scaling against 82.05 for SVM.
Published: 2022

28. A reciprocal feedback loop between HIF-1α and HPIP controls phenotypic plasticity in breast cancer cells

Author: Saratchandra Singh Khumukcham, Anita Soni, Chiranjeevi Padala, Vasudevarao Penugurti, Bramanandam Manavathi, Abdul Salam Pk, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Kishore Hari, Srinivasulu Mukta, Triveni B, Anju Dwivedi, and Veena Uppala
Subjects: Cancer Research, Tumor microenvironment, Cell growth, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Breast Neoplasms, Cell migration, MMP9, Biology, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, medicine.disease, Warburg effect, Metastasis, Mice, Phenotype, Breast cancer, Oncology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cancer cell, Cancer research, medicine, Animals, Humans, Female
Abstract: While phenotypic plasticity is a critical factor contributing to tumor heterogeneity, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. Here we report that breast cancer cells display phenotypic diversity in response to hypoxia or normoxia microenvironments by operating a reciprocal positive feedback regulation of HPIP and HIF-1α. We show that under hypoxia, HIF-1α induces HPIP expression that establishes cell survival, and also promotes cell migration/invasion, EMT and metastatic phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HPIP interacts with SRP14, a component of signal recognition particle, and stimulates MMP9 synthesis under hypoxic stress. Whereas, in normoxia, HPIP stabilizes HIF-1α, causing the Warburg effect to support cell growth. Concurrently, mathematical modelling corroborates this reciprocal feedback loop in enabling cell-state transitions in cancer cells. Clinical data indicate that elevated levels of HPIP and HIF-1α correlate with unfavorable prognosis and shorter survival rates in breast cancer subjects. Together, this data shows a reciprocal positive feedback loop between HPIP and HIF-1α that was unknown hitherto. It unveils how the tumor microenvironment influences phenotypic plasticity that has an impact on tumor growth and metastasis and, further signifies considering this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Published: 2022
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29. Inflammatory Odontogenic Cysts

Author: Marwa Abdul-Salam Hamied, Salwa M. Al-Shaikhani, and Zana D. Ali
Subjects: oral, parasitic diseases, Medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, odontogenic cysts, radicular cyst, inflammatory, collateral cyst, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Cystic conditions of the jaw cause bony destruction and may cause resorption or displacement of adjacent teeth. Odontogenic cysts have developmental or inflammatory origins. To describe in detail the inflammatory odontogenic cysts, a manual search was done in hard copy books of oral and maxillofacial pathology, and an electronic search was done in the google website, oral and maxillofacial pathology E-books, PubMed, Research Gate, Academia, and Google scholar using the keywords "odontogenic cysts," "classification of the odontogenic cysts," "radicular cyst," "periapical cyst," "lateral inflammatory cyst," "residual cyst," "paradental cyst," "collateral inflammatory cyst," "treatment of inflammatory odontogenic cysts," and matching each odontogenic inflammatory cyst subtype with these words "gross description," "pathogenesis," "microscopical," clinical," "radiographical" appearance. Articles published till February 2021 were included in this review. In conclusion, an accurate diagnosis of an inflammatory odontogenic cyst requires information relative to its clinical, radiographical, macro- and microscopical findings. In many instances, two cysts that are classified differently may exhibit similar histopathological features. In such cases, clinical and radiographic findings are necessary to make a precise diagnosis.
Published: 2021
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30. Factors Associated with Surgical Treatment Outcome of Psoas Muscle Abscess

Author: Shahida Khatoon, Shahnawaz, Shiraz Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed Memon, Abdul Salam Memon, and Aijaz Ahmed Shaikh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Treatment outcome, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine, Etiology, Sampling (medicine), Presentation (obstetrics), Abscess, Surgical treatment, business, Psoas muscle abscess
Abstract: Background: Psoas abscess is a rare condition but one with potential for severe morbidity. Many factors may be implicated in the treatment outcome of the condition and efforts must be directed to identify, understand and control the factors for a better prognosis. Objective: To identify the factors associated with surgical treatment outcome of psoas muscle abscess. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted upon a sample of 58 patients (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling) scheduled for surgical treatment for psoas muscle abscess (aged 18 to 60 years) at department of General Surgery at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad & Jamshoro. All the patients underwent surgical treatment. The data was recorded via pre-structured questionnaire comprising of inquiries pertaining to socio-demographic details, presenting complaints, and factors association with surgical treatment outcome (in terms of resolution of abscess cavity). Data was analyzed via SPSS version 20. Results: Mean age of study subjects was 37.6 ± 12.5 years. Out of all 72.4% were males and 27.5% were females. Most common presentation of patients was pain in flanks, followed by fever. The commonest etiological factor was tuberculosis (TB) and consequently spinal (TB) was the most common. Resolution of abscess cavity was noted among 77.5% of the cases with a greater proportion of recovery falling in line non- tuberculous etiology. Conclusions: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that secondary psoas muscle and that with tuberculous etiology have a poorer surgical outcome, thus greater care and more effective surgical techniques may be employed to achieve complete resolution of abscess.
Published: 2021
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31. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Coblation Adenoidectomy and Regular Curettage Adenoidectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala

Author: A Shahul Hameed, R T Abdul Salam, and Meera Rajan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adenoidectomy, business.industry, General surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Tertiary care hospital, business, Curettage
Abstract: BACKGROUND An ideal surgery to remove hypertrophied adenoid mass should be safe, with less bleeding and operation time along with post-operative improvement in the eustachian tubal ventilation and normal respiration. It should also have low morbidity and mortality. Among the various methods described for its removal, the two commonly used methods are conventional cold curettage method and coblation technique. The purpose of this study was to collate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic coblation adenoidectomy with the conventional curettage adenoidectomy. METHODS A prospective comparative study with fifty patients was studied who underwent adenoidectomy. Twenty five patients underwent endoscopy assisted coblation adenoidectomy and twenty five patients underwent regular adenoidectomy by curettage. RESULTS Patients who underwent coblation adenoidectomy showed better results during follow up in terms of completeness of removal. 80 % of children undergoing regular adenoidectomy by curettage method showed remnant adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx at the end of the procedure. But it was 6 % among the children undergoing endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. The mean duration of operation was higher for endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy which was significant statistically. The mean blood loss was 30.36 ml in regular curettage adenoidectomy; 10.6 ml with endoscopic coblation adenoidectomy. The grading of pain was significantly lower in endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of eustachian tube function after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Coblation adenoidectomy has significant advantages over conventional adenoidectomy in terms of completeness of removal, reduced blood loss, and lower post-operative pain grade. KEYWORDS Coblation, Adenoidectomy, Curettage, Haemorrhage and Complications
Published: 2021
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32. Nutritional and health benefit knowledge of milk and dairy products consumption among medical students at Benghazi university

Author: Timh Salem Alhasi, Abdelmetalab Ferjani Tarhuni, Aya Abdul-Salam Algomati, Mailud Saad El-Amari, Mashallah Mohamed Abdul-Aziz, Abdullah Ramadan Sheikhi, and Ali Ateia Elmabsout
Subjects: Consumption (economics), Human nutrition, Normal weight, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Environmental health, Medicine, Health benefits, Oral health, Macro and micronutrients, business, Dairy consumption, Milk, Students, Nutrition status, Knowledge, Health benefit, Nutrition knowledge
Abstract: Backgrounds:Milk well- known important source of human nutrition and contain considerable amounts of macro and micronutrients and have enormous health benefit. This study was performed to determine the nutritional knowledge and health benefit knowledge of diary and dairy products consumption among medical students at Benghazi university. Methodology:This a cross section study comprised of 541 students from branches of medical faculties in which 290 female and 251 male. Data were collected by using a semi-constructed questionnaire. Data was analysis by either mean ± SD or frequencies and percentages according to the natural of data. Chi-square test was used at α< 0.05. Results:The result of present work revealed that milk was consumed by one serving a day (53%) (P< 0.05), and among types of milks, whole fat milk significantly consumed (P< 0.05). Our result also shown that dairy products were highly consumed by one serving/day. Furthermore, 65.2 % of the students drink milk with tea (P=0.000). Nutrition knowledge of milk and dairy products reported that students have good knowledge score for nutritional knowledge questions and poor knowledge scores for questions related to health benefit with exception question on oral health (P< 0.05). Even though, the nutritional status of the students reveals that they fall under normal weight categories. However there were abnormal low levels of Hb, vitamin D have been found and abnormal high levels of calcium among male students. ConclusionDairy consumption among students was relatively higher with good nutritional knowledge of dairy and dairy products consumptions and poor knowledge regarding health benefit. The result of this study suggested that nutritional education program might be in great importance of dairy and dairy product knowledge and benefit. The data of this study needed to be validated in large samples.
Published: 2021
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33. Crosstalk Among NLRP3 Inflammasome, ETBR Signaling, and miRNAs in Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior: a Modulatory Role for SGLT2 Inhibitors

Author: Lamiaa A. Ahmed, Radwa Nasser Muhammad, Amina S. Attia, Rania M Abdul Salam, and Kawkab A. Ahmed
Subjects: Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Central nervous system, Interleukin, Inflammasome, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, biology.protein, Antidepressant, Pharmacology (medical), Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Neurology (clinical), Signal transduction, Cell activation, business, medicine.drug, Neurotrophin
Abstract: Depression is an overwhelming health concern, and many patients fail to optimally respond to available standard therapies. Neuroplasticity and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity are the cornerstones of a well-functioning central nervous system, but they are vulnerable to an overly active NLRP3 inflammasome pathway that can also indirectly trigger the release of ET-1 and contribute to the ET system disturbance, which further damages stress resilience mechanisms. Here, the promising yet unexplored antidepressant potential of dapagliflozin (Dapa), a sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, was investigated by assessing its role in the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ETBR signal transduction, and their impact on neuroplasticity and BBB integrity in an animal model of depression. Dapa (1 mg/kg/day; p.o.) with and without BQ-788 (1 mg/kg/day; i.p.), a specific ETBR blocker, were administered to adolescent male Wistar rats exposed to a 5-week chronic unpredictable stress protocol. The depressive animals demonstrated marked activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL/TNF-α), which was associated with both peripheral and central inflammatory responses. The ET system was disrupted, with noticeable reduction in miR-125a-5p and ETBR gene expression. Cortical ZO-1 expression was downregulated under the influence of NLRP3/TNF-α/miR-501-3p signaling, along with a prominent reduction in hippocampal BDNF and synapsin-1. With ETBR up-regulation being a cornerstone outcome, Dapa administration efficiently created an overall state of resilience, improved histopathological and behavioral variables, and preserved BBB function. These observations were further verified by the results obtained with BQ-788 co-administration. Thus, Dapa may exert its antidepressant action by reinforcing BBB integrity and promoting neuroplasticity through manipulation of the NLRP3/ET-1/ETBR/BDNF/ZO-1 axis, with a significant role for ETBR signaling. Graphical illustration for the proposed mechanisms of the anti-depressant potential of Dapa. Dapa suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and assembly with subsequent inhibition of pro-inflammatory ILs. This results in attenuation of neuro-inflammation, BBB disruption, glial cell activation, TNF-α and ET-1 release, and the enhanced production of neurotrophins. The role of ETBR signaling was emphasized; Dapa possibly augmented ETBR expression, which is thought to boost neurotrophins production. The ETBR blocker, BQ-788, suppressed most of the positive outcomes of Dapa. Finally, miR-125a-5p and miR-501-3p that played major roles in these pathological pathways were modulated by Dapa. It is not yet clear whether Dapa has a direct or rather indirect effect on their expression. BBB, blood–brain barrier; Dapa, dapagliflozin; ET-1, endothelin-1; ETBR, endothelin B receptor; IL, interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. Created with BioRender.com.
Published: 2021
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34. Physical activity and mental health. Is achieving the physical activity guidelines associated with less depressive symptoms among undergraduates at the University of Turku, Finland?

Author: Walid El Ansari and Abdul Salam
Subjects: Male, Depression, business.industry, Physical fitness, Confounding, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Physical activity, General Medicine, Mental health, Young Adult, Mental Health, Statistical significance, Humans, Medicine, Marital status, Young adult, Students, business, Exercise, Finland, Depressive symptoms, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Objectives: Virtually no previous research assessed physical activity (PA) of university students in Finland, and their associations with depressive symptoms, whilst simultaneously controlling for potential confounders. Methods: Students at the University of Turku (1,177) completed an online health and wellbeing questionnaire that assessed depressive symptoms (22 items), as well as their achievement of the guidelines of four forms of low, moderate, vigorous, and muscle strengthening PA (LPA, MPA, VPA, MSPA, respectively). We explored the associations of depressive symptoms with these PA forms, accounting for socio-demographic and health confounders (age, gender, year of study, marital status, accommodation during semesters, self-rated health). Results: Achievement of PA guidelines was generally low for these young adult Finnish undergraduates. Bivariate relationships (no controlling for confounders) between depressive symptoms and four forms of PA guidelines achievement showed that in males, good/very good/excellent self-rated health, and achievement of the MSPA guidelines were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Conversely, low PA was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Multiple regression (controlling for confounders) showed that achievement of the MSPA guidelines was independently significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms; and whilst achievement of the MPA and VPA guidelines was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, the relationships did not reach statistical significance. Likewise, low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but the relationships were again not statistically significant. Conclusion: Universities would benefit from multipronged strategies and approaches employing effective interventions aimed at improving students' general awareness of their health and promoting more physically active lifestyles among students.
Published: 2021
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35. Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation, Cooking Oil Fortification, and Nutrition Education to Postpartum Mother on Breast Milk Retinol Levels

Author: Devintha Virani, Abdul Salam, Drajat Martianto, Abdul Razak Thaha, and Dodik Briawan
Subjects: Vitamin, Cooking oil, business.industry, Nutrition Education, Fortification, Retinol, Nutritional status, General Medicine, Breast milk, Group B, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, chemistry, Medicine, business
Abstract: AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of two forms of Vitamin A supplementation (dose of 2 × 200 000 IU and dose of 1 × 200 000 IU), Vitamin A fortified cooking oil and nutritional education on retinol levels of breast milk. METHODS: A quasi-experiment design was used in this study with a total of 129 subjects divided into four groups; Group A (given 2 capsule of Vitamin A), Group B (given 1 capsule of Vitamin A), Group C (given cooking oil fortification), and Group D (given nutritional education). Retinol levels of the breast milk were measured 3 times (before, during, and after intervention). RESULTS: There were no differences in subject characteristics in terms of age, education, occupation, parity, and nutritional status between intervention groups (p > 0.05). The average of breast milk retinol levels was 52.15 μg/dl at the beginning. At the end of the measurement, the average decrease in breast milk retinol levels was higher in Group D (−27.2 μg/dl), and the lowest was in Group C (−9.9 μg/dl). The results of statistical tests showed that there was no difference in breast milk retinol levels between intervention groups in before, during, and after the intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fortified cooking oil and Vitamin A supplementation (1 × 200 000 IU) tend to maintain normal levels of retinol in breast milk compared to Vitamin A supplementation (2 × 200 000 IU) and nutrition education.
Published: 2021
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36. Adolescent eating behaviors in the UAE: Time to intervene

Author: Abdishakur Abdulla, Kurady Bairy, Mazen Askheta, Ali Elhouni, Asma Al Nasseri, Nicole Gebran, Juma Alkaabi, Mohamad Milad Ismail, Samra Abouchacra, Omar Yaman, Raghavendra V Bhat, Thekra Abdul Salam Al Sayadi, Oudi Abouchacra, Satish Chandrasekhar Nair, Durra Mohammed Al Baloushi, and Mazen Taha
Subjects: obese, business.industry, healthful eating, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Ethnic group, Overweight, eating behavior, medicine.disease, Adolescents, Obesity, Informed consent, Cohort, Lifestyle disease, medicine, Medicine, overweight, Original Article, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background: Obesity is the single most burdensome lifestyle disease, which has reached epidemic proportions. This study aimed to examine the eating behavior patterns and beliefs in a group of adolescents living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Procedure: A questionnaire was administered to adolescents (aged 11 and 18 years) attending outpatients' clinics at governmental health facilities. Informed consent was obtained, and the questionnaire was available in English or Arabic languages. Results: In all, 36 adolescent subjects participated in our study with 12 males and 24 females. UAE nationals constituted 72% of our participants and 28% were of other ethnic backgrounds; 75% were overweight to obese with 17% normal and 8% underweight. The majority of patients were healthy with only 6 patients suffering chronic medical diseases. We uncovered that in less than half of our cohort, the decision to eat came directly from the individuals themselves, but it was more influenced by their families. Food consumption was largely in response to physical hunger with the sensation perceived in the upper abdomen by one-third and the remainder localizing it to various other areas. Excessive caloric intake with frequent meals and snacks was also reported. Our study subjects decided what to consume mainly based on what appeared appetizing, followed by availability and cravings and to a lesser extent based on health recommendations. Excessive speed of food ingestion was self-reported in the majority of participants. Moreover, almost half of the adolescents were unable to turn down food offerings from their close family members and over one-fourth were unable to refuse food from other persons. Common symptoms reported included dysphoric mood, disordered sleep, decreased energy and concentration difficulties as well as low self-esteem. Conclusion: Our study uncovered certain eating behaviors in the cohort of adolescents, which may be important in promoting weight gain. These included misconceived hunger signals, excessive frequency, amount and speed of food consumption as well as more focus on food taste, inattentiveness to cravings and a strong social influence on food intake decisions. The findings of our study aim to shed some light on the eating patterns among adolescents and encourage research to investigate eating behaviors on an expanded scale evaluating ethnic, gender and age-related differences.
Published: 2021

37. Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author: Sunday O. Olatunji, Abdussalam Alshehri, Abdullah Alqahtani, Abdullah M. Almuhaideb, Mohammed Alshahrani, Waad Sami O Atiyah, Nahier Aldhafferi, Subhodeep Dey, Fatema S. Shaikh, Saema Abdulhamid, Sara Mhd. Bachar Chrouf, Yousof Zohair Almunsour, Areej Buker, Dalal Ali Mahaii AlBuhairi, Raha Saud Abdulaziz Alkabour, and Vahitha B Abdul-Salam
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, mortality rate, comorbidities, law.invention, KSA, law, Internal medicine, risk factors, Medicine, General Nursing, Original Research, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Medical record, Mortality rate, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Comorbidity, Confidence interval, Cohort, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Fatema S Shaikh,1 Nahier Aldhafferi,1 Areej Buker,1 Abdullah Alqahtani,1 Subhodeep Dey,2 Saema Abdulhamid,1 Dalal Ali Mahaii AlBuhairi,1 Raha Saud Abdulaziz Alkabour,1 Waad Sami O Atiyah,1 Sara Bachar Chrouf,1 Abdussalam Alshehri,3 Sunday Olusanya Olatunji,1 Abdullah M Almuhaideb,1 Mohammed S Alshahrani,4 Yousof AlMunsour,1 Vahitha B Abdul-Salam5 1College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia; 2Indian Institute of Management â Calcutta, Kolkata, India; 3Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia; 5Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKCorrespondence: Fatema S Shaikh Tel +966-5591660024Email fsshaikh@iau.edu.saPurpose: The first novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) case in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported in Qatif in March 2020 with continual increase in infection and mortality rates since then. In this study, we aim to determine risk factors which effect severity and mortality rates in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in KSA.Method: We reviewed medical records of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 positive results via reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) tests at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh between May and August 2020. Data were obtained for patientâs demography, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Additional data on patients that required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Python Pandas.Results: A total of 565 COVID-19 positive patients were inducted in the study out of which, 63 (11.1%) patients died while 101 (17.9%) patients required ICU admission. Disease incidences were significantly higher in males and non-Saudi nationals. Patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases displayed significantly higher association with ICU admissions (p< 0.001) while mortality rates were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and neurological diseases. Univariate cox proportional hazards regression model showed that COVID-19 positive patients requiring ICU admission [Hazardâs ratio, HR=4.2 95% confidence interval, CI 2.5â 7.2); p< 0.001] with preexisting cardiovascular [HR=4.1 (CI 2.5â 6.7); p< 0.001] or respiratory [HR=4.0 (CI 2.0â 8.1); p=0.010] diseases were at significantly higher risk for mortality among the positive patients. There were no significant differences in mortality rates or ICU admissions among males and females, and across different age groups, BMIs and nationalities. Hospitalized patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had the highest risk of death (HR=2.9, CI 1.7â 5.0; p=0.020).Conclusion: Independent risk factors for critical outcomes among COVID-19 in KSA include cardiovascular, respiratory and renal comorbidities.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mortality rate, comorbidities, risk factors, KSA
Published: 2021
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38. The Level of Preference of Instant Rice Bran Milk Products Innovation with Various Flavor Variants as Functional Food

Author: Abdul Salam, Saifuddin Sirajuddin, and Masni Masni
Subjects: Taste, Bran, biology, Melon, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, food and beverages, General Medicine, Orange (colour), biology.organism_classification, Functional food, Medicine, Food science, business, Aroma, Flavor, Instant
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Instant rice bran milk is an innovation product made from rice bran with the addition of emulgator and flavor. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of preference of instant rice bran milk products through hedonic testing in accordance with pre-determined sensory properties and determine the acceptability of instant rice bran milk products. METHOD: The research method is an experiment with sensory tests and hedonic tests on five kinds of flavors, namely chocolate, vanilla, orange, melon and original flavors. Sensory attributes that are referred by panelists include shape, color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall impression. RESULTS: Overall panelist assessment of instant rice bran milk products shows that rice bran milk that uses melon flavoring has the highest score (3.69) and the lowest is using orange flavoring (2.63). The most preferred product is milk that uses melon flavoring. There were differences in the average results of the panelist assessment of each product based on color, odor, and overall rating (p < 0.05), while based on taste and texture, there is no difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Instant rice bran products favored both in terms of shape, color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall impression were very positively accepted as dairy product innovation and the most preferred product is one that uses melon flavorings.
Published: 2021
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39. Association of Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Level with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Correlation with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes - A Single Center Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala

Author: Praveen Velappan, Kapil Rajendran, Abdul Salam, Ashis Ranjan, Baiju Rajan, Girish Girish, Binu Thankappan Gomathy, and Sivaprasad Kunjukrishnapillai
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Cross-sectional study, business.industry, Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level, Single Center, medicine.disease, digestive system, Tertiary care, digestive system diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, business, Cardiovascular outcomes
Abstract: BACKGROUND Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a biomarker elevated in various cardiovascular diseases due to oxidation mediated free radical damage. It has been recently used in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events and in hospital adverse outcomes. The application of gamma glutamyl transferase to the traditional set of biomarkers like troponin I and T, creatinine kinase-MB (CKMB) adds to the value that it helps in reclassifying the patients into high and low risk and plan the appropriate treatment strategy. METHODS Patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes were classified into STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction), NSTEMI (Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) and unstable angina based on cardiac biomarkers and electrocardiographic changes. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase of these patients were measured by photo spectrometry and were monitored for 5 days for major adverse cardiovascular events. RESULTS Of the study population (N = 210), 41 % presented with STEMI, 24 % unstable angina, 25 % NSTEMI. The normal range of GGT in our study population was 15 - 70 U/l. values more than 70 U/l was considered raised GGT major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was present in 35 % of the study population. 58 % of the patients with MACE had raised GGT (> 70 U/l) which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The ROC (receiver operator characteristic curve) for GGT to predict MACE was to the left of the reference line and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.915. The optimal cut-off for GGT to predict MACE from our study was 50.5 with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.813 and 0.868 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Raised GGT was significantly associated with MACE and in hospital adverse outcomes (ventricular arrythmias, heart failure, recurrent angina). GGT can be used as a prognostic marker in patients presenting with ACS. KEYWORDS Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, Acute Coronary Syndromes, St Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Unstable Angina
Published: 2021
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40. Frequency and Clinical Presentation of Colorectal Carcinoma among Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Author: Ahmed Hussain Pathan, Sandesh Kumar, Faryal Hussain Memon, Fazila Hashmi, Shahnawaz Khatti, Shahida Khatoon, Riaz Ahmed Memon, and Abdul Salam Memon
Subjects: Abdominal pain, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Colorectal cancer, Anemia, business.industry, Colonoscopy, Rectum, Rectal examination, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Proctoscopy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Adenocarcinoma, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency and presentation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) among the patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Study Design: Observational study Place and Duration: Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from January 2013 to February 2014. Methodology: A sample of 105 patients complaining of lower GI symptoms was selected. Data regarding the age, sex, presenting symptoms and signs, local examination and location of lesions were noted in a pre-structured proforma. Patients were examined by digital rectal examination (DRE), proctoscopy, colonoscopy; computerized tomography and biopsy. Data analyzed on SPSS 21.0 at 95% CI (P≤ 0.05). Results: Age of the patients was 53.17±14.90 years (95%CI: 51.28 to 55.05). Of 105 subjects; 65 (61.9%) were males and 40 (38.09%) were females. The CRC was observed in 11 (10.47%) patients of ≤ 40 years, 77 (73.3%) patients of 40 – 59.9 years and 17 (16.19%) cases were ≥60 years of age. Anemia 81 (77.14%), weight loss 74 (70.47%), abdominal pain 60 (57.14%), bleeding per rectum 79 (75.23%), tenesmus 55 (52.38%) and constipation 48 (45.71%) were common presenting symptoms of the CRC patients. Adenocarcinoma was found in 87 (82.85%), carcinoid tumor in 11 (10.47%), lymphoma in 5 (4.76%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 2 (1.9%). Conclusion: Colorectal adenocarcinoma was most common tumor found in males in their sixth decade of life. Anemia, weight loss, abdominal pain and bleeding per rectum were common clinical symptoms and rectum was common tumor site.
Published: 2021
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41. Quality of systematic reviews supporting the 2017 ACC/AHA and 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of hypertension

Author: Abdul Salam, Anthony Rodgers, Matthew J. Page, Nusrath Rehana, Arun Talari, Kota Vidyasagar, Rupasvi Dhurjati, and Raju Kanukula
Subjects: Research Report, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, media_common.quotation_subject, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bias, Funding source, Humans, Medicine, Quality (business), 030212 general & internal medicine, Methodological quality, media_common, Protocol (science), business.industry, Outcome measures, General Medicine, United States, Checklist, Systematic review, Family medicine, Hypertension, business
Abstract: ObjectiveTo assess the methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs) that informed recommendations in the recent American and European hypertension guidelines.Design and settingsMeta-epidemiological study. We identified SRs that were cited for class I recommendations based on Level of Evidence-A in the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) hypertension guidelines.Main outcome measuresMethodological and reporting quality of the SRs was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) checklist and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, respectively.ResultsA total of 40 SRs was included in the analysis (28 from 2017 ACC/AHA; 22 from 2018 ESC/ESH and 10 were included in both). Based on the AMSTAR-2 assessment, only 7.5% SRs were found to be of high methodological quality, 47.5% were of moderate, each 22.5% were of low and critically low quality. Based on the PRISMA checklist assessment, a mean of 24 items (SD (2.76) were reported appropriately, and only five SRs reported all 27 items appropriately.ConclusionMethodological and reporting quality of SRs were found to vary considerably. Lack of information on the funding source of included studies, use of a protocol, integration of risk of bias assessments while interpreting findings and reporting of excluded studies were major methodological deficiencies.
Published: 2021
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42. Local Snacks and Virtual Nutrition Counseling Services Increasing Growth of Stunting Children

Author: Nadimin Nadimin, Abdul Salam, Adriyani Adam, and Kartini B. Theresia Dewi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Under-five, business.industry, Food consumption, General Medicine, Nutrient intake, Nutrition knowledge, Nutritional counseling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutritional knowledge, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Nutrition counseling, Weight gain, Demography
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The conducive factor of stunting is the deficiency in nutrient intake due to the lack of quantity and quality of food consumed by the children. Children’s food consumption is strongly influenced by the mother’s nutritional knowledge and children’s feeding practices. AIM: The aims of this study were to determine the effect of providing local snacks in South Sulawesi with a substitute of snakehead fish flour (Tibus) and virtual nutrition counseling on the growth of stunting children. METHODS: The design of this study used a randomized pretest-posttest control design. The sample was divided in two groups using systematic random sampling. The first group was given local Tibus snacks and nutritional counseling virtually and the second group was only given virtual nutrition counseling. The intervention was carried out every day until 1 month. The sample of this research was mothers who have stunting children under five of age. RESULTS: Nutrition knowledge of mothers in group one increased significantly before and after intervention (63.78 ± 1.68 vs. 73.70 ±1.35 points), but this was not the case in group two. The increase in maternal nutritional knowledge was higher in group one than in group two, although it was not significant (p = 0.91). The comparison of the weight gain of children in group one versus group two was 0.37 ± 0.49 kg versus 0.07 ± 0.39 kg (p = 0.021). The increase in the height of the children in group one before and after was 84.15 ± 7.79 cm versus 85.97 ± 7.95 cm (p = 0.000). The ratio of the increase in the height of the children in group one and group two was 1.82 ± 0.94 cm versus 1.53 ± 0.68 cm (p = 0.402). CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition counseling virtual can increase nutrition knowledge. The providing of local snacks (Tibus) accompanied by virtual nutrition counseling can increase growth in body length and weight of stunting children. The efforts to accelerate prevention stunting in children under five can be done with utilization of local snacks.
Published: 2021
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43. Comparison of Fissurectomy and Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in the Surgical Management of Chronic Anal Fissure

Author: Ahmed Hussain Pathan, Muhammad Usman Khatti, Sandesh Kumar, Abdul Salam Memon, Shahida Khatoon, Kazim Ali Memon, and Shahnawaz Khatti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anal fissure, Demographics, business.industry, Fissure, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic anal fissure, Anal canal, medicine.disease, Surgery, law.invention, medicine.anatomical_structure, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Defecation, business, Lateral internal sphincterotomy
Abstract: Background: The anal fissure is a small spilt in the distal anoderm, and it most commonly occurs in the posterior midline of anal canal. Anal fissure causes severe sharp pain on defecation, occasionally accompanied by streak of blood on outside of stool or blood on toilet tissue. Fissures are classified as acute or chronic, acute fissure usually heal spontaneously within six weeks. Fissurectomy had been used as separate technique in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with favorable result. Parallel inside sphincterotomy produces an enduring fall of anal resting pressure, that reestablish mucosal perfusion bringing about recuperating, yet genuine drive component is obscure, and the instrument that travel from intense to constant gap stay dark. This study is design to assess the outcome between two groups, than better modality of the two could be chosen. Objective: To compare fissurectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the management of chronic anal fissure. Patient and Methods: The Randomized controlled trial was conducted during 18-02-2015 to 17-08-2015 at Department of surgery,Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Hyderabad. A total of 218 patients with chronic anal fissure were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were underwent fissurectomy and patients group B was underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. Surgery was performed and patients were followed for 8 weeks on regular basis and satisfactory out comes was noted. Information along with demographics was entered in the proforma. Results: Rate of satisfactory outcome was significantly high in group B as compare to group A [92.66% vs. 76.15%; p=0.001]. Conclusion: Subcutaneous sidelong internal sphincterotomy is a significant surgery for patients with persistent anal fissure. It is compelling and safe, offers fast help of torment, and advances early gap mending without being gone to by any significant complexities.
Published: 2021
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44. Comparison of Postoperative Bleeding with and without Discontinuing the Antiplatelet Drugs (Aspirin, Clopidogrel) after Tooth Extraction

Author: Abdul Salam Memon, Bashir Ahmed Jalbani, Ismatullah Qureshi, Muhammad Shahzad, Uzma Bashir, and Salman Shams
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Aspirin, Antiplatelet drug, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mean age, Clopidogrel, Group A, Group B, Surgery, Discontinuation, medicine, Local anesthesia, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: A significant percentage of people who see a dentist are on antiplatelet treatment, and the rest of them have stopped taking these medications for 3 to 7 days prior to dental surgical surgery to avoid unnecessary bleeding and the possibility of adverse thrombotic cases. This study was conducted to compare postoperative bleeding with and without stopping antiplatelet drugs in tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, Group A consists of extraction of tooth without discontinuation of antiplatelet and Group B consists of extraction of tooth with discontinuation of antiplatelet with the consent from treating physician/cardiologist. All patients underwent for extraction under local anesthesia. Postoperatively, the amount of blood lost during the operation was calculated, any oozing or bleeding was looked at the operated spot and occurrence or nonappearance of oozing, as well as active bleeding was measured. Results: Mean age of group A patients was 55.08 years and mean age of group B was 52.92 years. After 1 hour assessment of bleeding status, active bleeding was 12% in group A and 6% was in group B, findings were non-significant (p=0.271). After 24 hours assessment of bleeding status, there was no bleeding in 42% patients of group A and 58% patients of group B, oozing was in 34% patients of group A and 26% patients of group B, while active bleeding was 24% in group A and 16% was in group B, findings were non-significant (p=0.271). Mean of bleeding (in grams) was higher in Group A as compared to Group B (p=0.041). Conclusion: There was no significant effect on bleeding during tooth extraction with continuation of anticoagulant therapy
Published: 2021
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45. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian 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Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, 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Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon 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Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan 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Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa Dinh, Tri Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Amanda Dornan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Philippa Downey, Robert Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragomir, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Nikki Drogman, Graham Drummond, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Ophias Dube, Stephen Duberley, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Sam Duff-Miller, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Helen Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Mick Duley, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Steve Durgacharan, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Hannah Durrington, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Lee Dyble, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Laura 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Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Harriet Gray, Ingrid Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Patricia Grealish, Fiona Greaves, Jack Greaves, Paul Greaves, Charlotte Green, Christopher Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Grace Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Teresa Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Maraneka Greenslade, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, James Gregson, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Beverley Grice, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Alexandra Griffiths, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Sharon Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Stephen Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Sharazeq Guettari, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Malin Gunawardena, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Rishi Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Victoria Guratsky, Alvyda Gureviciute, Sambasivarao Gurram, Bhawana Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Berkin Hack, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Leah Hadzik, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Javed Hafsa, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Writaja Halder, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Abigail Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Lee Hennen, Kathryn Hennessy, Natalie Hennesy, Carol Ann Henry, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, Natalie Henry, David Henshall, Mike Herbert, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Morag Herkes, Emma Heron, Kay Heron, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Sharnie Beth Hesson, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Pramodh Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, Anna Hewetson, Sue Hewins, Jacqueline Hewitson, Claire Hewitt, Davina Hewitt, Richard Hewitt, Robert Heyderman, Nicolette Heydon, Mathis Heydtmann, Joseph Heys, Jonathan Heywood, Gareth Heywood-Beldon, Meg Hibbert, John Hickey, Naomi Hickey, Peter Hickey, Alex Hicks, Jenny Hicks, Rosie Hicks, Scott Rory Hicks, Daniel Higbee, Lucy Higgins, Andrew Higham, Martin Highcock, Judith Highgate, Mondy Hikmat, Alison Hill, Amanda Hill, Helen Hill, Joanne Hill, Lisa Hill, Martin Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Elizabeth Hillerby, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Elisabeth Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Marcus Hinde, Andrew Hindle, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Alison Hirst, Jemma Hives, Benson Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Renate Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, Holly Hodgkins, Louise Hodgkinson, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Melinda Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Marie Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Nina Holling, Gillian Hollis, Laszlo Hollos, Linda Holloway, Simon Holloway, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Benjamin Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Caroline Holt, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, 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Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna 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Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Lynn Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Marion Mathie, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Sue Matthews, Gwynn Matthias, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Gemma Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Oliver May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Graham Mayers, Lee Maynard, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Mercy Mbwembwe, Martyn McAdam, Eleanor 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McEleavy, Julie McEnerney, Julie McEntee, Evanna McEvoy, Ruth McEwen, Margaret McFadden, Denise McFarland, Margaret McFarland, Rachel McFarland, Erin McGarry, Lorcan McGarvey, Margaret McGarvey, Clodagh McGettigan, Michael McGettrick, Christopher McGhee, Fiona McGill, Sarah McGinnity, Hannah McGivern, Neil McGlinchey, Phil McGlone, Deborah McGlynn, Claire McGoldrick, Clare McGoldrick, Elizabeth McGough, Margaret McGovern, Brendan McGrath, Amanda McGregor, Annemarie McGregor, Cathryn McGuinness, Heather McGuinness, Sean McGuire, Tara McHugh, Caroline McInnes, Neil McInnes, Karen McIntyre, Mhairi McIntyre, Carolyn McKay, Lorna McKay, Conor P McKeag, Madeleine McKee, Joseph McKeever, Shirley McKenna, Donogh McKeogh, Denise Mckeown, Caroline McKerr, Anthony M McKie, Claire Mckie, Laura Mckie, Gerard McKnight, Heather McLachlan, Andrew McLaren, Barbara McLaren, Nicola McLarty, Maria McLaughlin, James McLay, Mary McLeish, Tina McLennan, Lorna McLintock, Stewart McLure, Amanda McMahon, Anne 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Liz Park, Angela Parker, Ben Parker, Carmel Parker, Emma Parker, Fiona Parker, Jacob Parker, Julie Parker, Laura Parker, Lucy Parker, Sara Parker, Sean Parker, Tina Parker, Kirstin Parkin, Anna Parkinson, Jill Parkinson, Lisa Parkinson, Valerie Parkinson, Chetan Parmar, Mamta Parmar, Viraj Parmar, Victoria Parris, Helen C Parry, Siobhan Parslow-Williams, Maria Parsonage, Abigail Parsons, Penny Parsons, Sarah Parsons, Richard Partridge, Kevin Parvin, Kirsten Pass, Lauren Passby, Juan Pastrana, Mital Patal, Sarah Patch, Aamie Patel, Alkesh Patel, Amisha Patel, Dakshesh Patel, Darshna Patel, Hemani Patel, Jaymik Patel, Kamal Patel, Kayur Patel, Kiran Patel, Krish Patel, Manish Patel, Martyn Patel, Mehul Patel, Naleem Patel, Nehalbhai Patel, Prital Patel, Priti Patel, Rebecca Patel, Saagar Patel, Soonie Patel, Trishna Patel, Vishal Patel, Sangeeta Pathak, Nazima Pathan, Alexandra Patience, Donna Patience, Abigail Patrick, Georgie Patrick, Jean Patrick, Simon Patten, Ben Pattenden, Ann Patterson, Charlotte Patterson, Linda Patterson, Molly Patterson, Pauline Patterson, Robert Patterson, Daniel Paul, Janice Paul, Roshni Paul, Leigh Pauls, Stephane Paulus, Amelia Pavely, Susan Pavord, Brendan Payne, David Payne, Elizabeth Payne, Ruth Payne, Tammy Payne, Abby Peacock, Linda Peacock, Louise Peacock, Sarah Peacock, Henry Peake, Rupert Pearse, Andrew Pearson, Daniel Pearson, Harriet Pearson, Karen Pearson, Kirsty Pearson, Samuel A Pearson, Sandra Pearson, Alice Peasley, Hilary Peddie, Russell Peek, Claire Pegg, Suzannah Peglar, Benjamin H Peirce, Claire Pelham, Belinda Pelle, Abigail Pemberton, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Anthony Pender, Carmel Pendlebury, Jessica Pendlebury, Sarah Pendlebury, Rachel Penfold, William Penlington, Catherine Penman, Julie Penman, Rachel Penman, Justin Penner, Kristi Penney, Alistair Penny, James Penny, Justin Pepperell, Huw Peregrine, Adriana Pereira, Ana Pereira, Rita Pereira, Carlota Pereira Dias Alves, Parmi Perera, Elena Perez, Jane Perez, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Francesca Perkins, Rachel Perkins, Elizabeth Perritt, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Terrie Perry, Thomas M Perumpral, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Craig Peters, Jayne Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Remy Petersen, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Iulia Petras, Ilianna Petrou, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Paul Pfeffer, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Neil Philips, Alex Phillips, Danielle Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Karen Phillips, Pat Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Katherine Philpott, Marie Phipps, Virach Phongsathorn, Mandeep Phull, Masroor M Phulpoto, Myat TT PI, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Hayleah Pickford, Joanna Pickles, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Charlie Piercy, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul Anthony Pillai, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Julia Pinder, Kirsty Pine, Muni Tejha Pinjala, Stefania Pintus, Graeme Piper, James Piper, Richard Pipes, Tasneem Pirani, Marcus Pittman, Sally Pitts, Nicolene Plaatjies, Aiden J Plant, Naomi Platt, Robert Pleass, Rutger Ploeg, Laura Plummer, Charles Plumptre, Jonathan Pobjoy, Tatiana Pogreban, Stephen Poku, David Poles, Rachel Pollard, Louisa Pollock, Oluwamayowa Poluyi, Gary John Polwarth, Fiona Pomery, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Suresh Ponnusamy, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Inês Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, Suman Pooboni, Alice Poole, Christopher Poole, Lorraine Poole, Lynda Poole, Michele Poole, Sharon Poon, Tajinder Poonian, Ella Poppitt, Christopher Porada, David Porter, Jo Porter, Linda Porter, Ross Porter, Kelly Postlethwaite, Narayana Pothina, Priyadarshan Potla, Dorota Potoczna, Jason Pott, Alison Potter, Jean Potter, Kenzi Potter, Sarah Potter, Tracey Potter, Elspeth Potton, Joanne B Potts, Julie Potts, Kathryn Potts, Una Poultney, Katherine Poulton, Vanessa Poustie, Geneen Powell, James Powell, Jordan Powell, Deborah Power, Nick Power, Gillian Powter, Joseph Poxon, Robin Poyner, Vidushi Pradhan, Helena Prady, Aalekh Prasad, Krishna Prasad, Maanvi Prasad, Fredy Prasanth Raj, Sangeetha Prasath, Sindhuja Pratheepkumar, Anezka Pratley, Steven Pratt, David Preiss, Claire Prendergast, Lynn Prentice, Peter Prentice, Verity Prescott, Laura Presland, Catharine Prest, Stephen Preston, Martha Pretorius, Natalie Prevatt, Sandra Prew, Ashley Price, Carly Price, Claire Price, David Price, Elizabeth Price, Nathan Price, Vivien Price, Nicole Priddee, Anne Priest, Kate Priestley, Jimena Prieto, Lorraine Primrose, Clare Prince, Judith Prince, Laura Prince, Janet Pring, Shirley Pringle, Veronika Pristopan, Kelly Pritchard, Lucy Pritchard, Rhys Pritchard, Simon Pritchard, Verma Priyash, Andrew Procter, Clare Proctor, Rebecca Proudfoot, Ben Prudon, David Pryor, Solomon Pudi, Joanne Pugh, Lawrence Pugh, Mark T Pugh, Nichola Pugh, Richard Pugh, Veronika Puisa, Kirandip Punia, Saleel Punnilath Abdulsamad, Laura Purandare, Claire Purcell, Corrina Purdue, Bally Purewal, Molly Pursell, Gregory Purssord, Sarah Purvis, Kathryn Puxty, Zoe Puyrigaud, Michael Pynn, Tariq Qadeer, Mohammad Qayum, Corrine Quah, Sheena Quaid, Nathaniel Quail, Charlotte Quamina, Donna Quashie, Alice Quayle, Eleanor Quek, Siobhan Quenby, Xinyi Qui, Vanessa Quick, Julie Quigley, Juan-Carlos Quijano-Campos, Andrew Quinn, Tom Quinn, Amy Quirk, Quratulain Quratulain, Danya Qureshi, Ehsaan Qureshi, Hafiz Qureshi, Hasanain Qureshi, Khadija Qureshi, Nawaz Qureshi, Qurratulain Qurratulain, Saad Qutab, Muhammad S Rabbani, Syed Rabbani, Wayne Rabin, Simon Rabinowicz, Madalina Raceala, Raissa Rachman, Laura Rad, Jane Radford, Liz Radford, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Cecillia Rafique, Jethin Rafique, Muhammad Rafique, Ravi Ragatha, Aiswarya Raghunathan, Abigail Raguro, Shankho D Raha, Sana Rahama, Karen Rahilly, Faisal Rahim, Abdul H Rahimi, Haseena R Rahimi, Muhammad Rahman, Salim Ur Rahman, Sharon Rainey, Lenka Raisova, Arjun Raj, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Jyothi Rajeswary, Jeyanthy Rajkanna, Gayathri Rajmohan, Ruth Rallan, David Ralphs, Katherine Ralston, Maximilian Ralston, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Fathima Ramali, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Mylah Ramirez, Geshwin Ramnarain, Lidia Ramos, Shanthi Ramraj, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Helen Randall, Harpal Randheva, Poonam Ranga, Manmeet Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Poormina Ranka, Rajesh Rankhelawon, Haley Ranton, Anita Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Deepak Rao, Anuja Rasarathnam, Alia Rashid, Khalid Rashid, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Jason Raw, Hywel Rawlins, Gautam Ray, Michelle Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, 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Anand Shah, Bhavni Shah, Momin Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Wajid Shah, Saarma Shahad, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Muhammad Shahzeb, Aisha Shaibu, Zara Shaida, Amina Y Shaikh, Maliha Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Muhammad Shakeel, Korah Shalan, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Alison Shanahan, Thomas Shanahan, Shaminie Shanmugaranjan, Hamed Sharaf, Muhammad Sharafat, Asir Sharif, Ajay Sharma, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Poonam Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Shriv Sharma, Sonal Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Katherine Sharrocks, Emma Sharrod, Christopher Shaw, Daisy Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Lou Shayler, Khuram Shazad, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, 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Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain 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Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021
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46. Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Imran Karim, Abdul Salam Memon, Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah, Tarachand Devrajani, Muhammed Kashif Shaikh, Abdul Qadir Dall, and Samar Raza
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Right atrial enlargement, medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, Heart disease, business.industry, Population, medicine.disease, Chest pain, Pulmonary hypertension, Internal medicine, Left atrial enlargement, medicine, Cardiology, Rheumatic fever, medicine.symptom, business, education
Abstract: Background: Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease and more prevalent in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and echocardiographic profiles of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Materials and Methods: All patients above the age of 12 years of either gender diagnosed with Rheumatic heart disease from January 2018 to December 2019 at tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad were enrolled in the study. Detailed patient data was obtained from the hospital records. Information regarding gender, age, Electrocardiogram findings, clinical and echocardiographic manifestations was obtained. Results: Throughout the two-year study period, a total of fifty patients with RHD were studied. The mean age of the population was 33.71 years. Females (64%) outnumbered males and 60% were rural population. The clinical features observed were fever (80%), joint pain (64%), palpitation (60%), breathlessness (90%) and chest pain (50%), tachycardia (60%), raised JVP (10%), hypertension (20%). The common echocardiographic findings observed were mitral stenosis (50%), mitral regurgitation (24%) and pulmonary hypertension (36%), left atrial enlargement (56%), and right atrial enlargement (16%) whereas the majority of the patients (70%) have ejection fraction between 40-50% and thrombus was identified in 15 (30%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Common clinical findings observed were breathlessness and fever while the common echocardiographic findings were mitral stenosis and regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and left atrial enlargement. Population-based screening by echocardiography could be a potential route for early screening of rheumatic heart disease.
Published: 2021
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47. Material of Choice in Pediatric Cranioplasty

Author: Anooja Abdul Salam, Imogen Ibbett, and Nova Thani
Subjects: RD1-811, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Dentistry, pediatric cranioplasty, autologous, donor graft origin, Small skull, Cranioplasty, synthetic cranioplasty material, Synthetic materials, Current practice, Medicine, survey, Surgery, In patient, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, business, Donor bone, Pediatric population
Abstract: Background Current evidence is lacking regarding the optimum material required for cranioplasty in the pediatric population when native bone cannot be replaced. The aim of our survey was to examine current practice in Australia and New Zealand regarding pediatric cranioplasty material. Methods The online tool SurveyMonkey was used to survey 244 neurosurgeons in Australasia. The survey consisted of five questions concerning preference of material and donor origin for pediatric cranioplasty. Results Twenty-two neurosurgeons (9%) participated. The results indicate that with small skull defects (< 3 cm) in patients aged 0 to 2years, conservative management with observation alone is the preferred option (65%). In patients aged 3 to 10 years, autologous donor bone was the most popular option, whereas for 11+ years, hydroxyapatite (HA) was the material of choice, followed by titanium. For defects of more than 3 cm, autologous donor bone was preferred in under 11 years. In patients older than 11 years, titanium was the preferred choice (46.67%). The preferred donor origin for autologous cranioplasty in small skull defects (< 3 cm) was split calvarial grafts for all age groups. However, 68.42% of respondents managed those under 2 years conservatively. In large skull defects (> 3 cm), the preferred donor origin was split calvarial grafts for patients older than 3 years (48.3%). In patients aged 0 to 2 years, exchange cranioplasty was the preferred option when cranioplasty was performed. Conclusion The current practice in Australia and New Zealand is to use autologous donor bone in preference to synthetic materials for cranioplasty in children under 11 years. In children older than 11 years, hydroxyapatite and titanium are the materials of choice.
Published: 2021
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48. Hybrid Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Association With Contemporary Outcomes

Author: Andrew B. Ho, John Thomson, Nicholas Hayes, Alessandro Giardini, Melonie Johns, Jack Gibb, Graham Derrick, Barry M. O’Callaghan, Ines Hribernik, Abdul Salam, Daniel Shillaker, Francisco Gonzalez-Barlatay, Nathalie Dedieu, James R. Bentham, and Demitris Taliotis
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Palliative Care, medicine.disease, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Fontan procedure, Treatment Outcome, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Pulmonary artery, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Norwood procedure, Prospective Studies, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2021
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49. Shrimp lectin–conjugated copper sulfide nanoparticles enhance immune response and gene expression in Etroplus suratensis infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Author: Baskaralingam Vaseeharan, Sekar Vijayakumar, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mani Divya, Sreeja Lakshmi, Abdul Salam Rubeena, Veerappan Anbazhagan, and Preetham Elumalai
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biology, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Lectin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, 01 natural sciences, Immunostimulant, Microbiology, Respiratory burst, Aeromonas hydrophila, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Immune system, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, sense organs, Agronomy and Crop Science, Peroxidase
Abstract: Lectins are hemagglutinating glycoproteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors that can bind to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Shrimp lectin (Md-Lec) is a lectin that is reported to have antimicrobial property. In this study, the CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs) which were previously reported to have wide range of antimicrobial activity were conjugated with Md-Lec. Thus, their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against aquatic pathogens was reduced four times than that of their individual activity. Moreover, antibacterial and antibiofilm assay was performed with Md-Lec, pCuS NPs, and Md-Lec conjugated with pCuS NPs (Md-Lec-pCuS NPs) against Aeromonas hydrophila at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of A. hydrophila were decreased after treating with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs. The non-specific immune parameters—lysozyme assay, peroxidase assay, and respiratory burst activity—were elevated considerably in the infected fishes that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs at their MIC. Further, immune gene (COX2, MyD88, and LEC) expression analysis at different time intervals was also done in the infected Etroplus suratensis that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs at 3.13 μM concentration. The results reveal that the immune gene expression was upregulated at the 6th hour of infection in the infected fish that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs (3.13 μM) and thus it can be used as a therapeutic agent which can act as an immunostimulant for the production of disease-free fishes in aquaculture industry.
Published: 2021
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50. Systematic reviews of antihypertensive drugs: A review of publication trends, characteristics, and quality

Author: H Esam, Abdul Salam, Rupasvi Dhurjati, Mark D. Huffman, Raju Kanukula, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Sindhujareddy Chevireddy, Emily Atkins, Anthony Rodgers, and Rupa Aerram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, High impact factor, systematic reviews, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, mapping review, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bias, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, risk of bias, parasitic diseases, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Review Paper, business.industry, Standard methods, antihypertensive agents, Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses, Systematic review, Hypertension, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: This review presents publication trends, characteristics, and quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antihypertensive drugs (AHTDs). Between 1985 and 2017, 1,173 SRs were published, and in the last 20 years, 10, 35, and 116 were published in the year 1996, 2006, and 2016, respectively. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers were the most common class of drugs studied. Fourteen percent of the SRs were prospectively registered/published protocol. Three‐fourth of the SRs did not report a full search strategy, and 45% did not report a PRISMA or similar diagram. Of the 34 SRs published in the five high impact factor journals in the last 10 years, 15%, 21%, and 65% have unclear, low, and high risk of bias, respectively. There has been a steady increase in the publication of SRs of RCTs of AHTDs. However, adherence to standard methods of conduct and reporting continues to be low., Between 1985 and 2017, 1,173 SRs of antihypertensive drugs (AHTDs) were published. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers were the most common class of drugs studied. Fourteen percent of the SRs were prospectively registered/published protocol. Three‐fourth of the SRs did not report a full search strategy, and 45% did not report PRISMA diagram. Of the 34 SRs published in the five high impact factor journals in the last 10 years, 15%, 21%, and 65% have unclear, low, and high risk of bias, respectively. There has been a steady increase in the publication of SRs of RCTs of AHTDs. However, adherence to standard methods of conduct and reporting continues to be low.
Published: 2021
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