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Rosemary oil (ROO) is known to have multiple pharmacological effects: it is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective. In the present study, we examined the effects of ROO on Human olfactory bulb neuronal stem cells (hOBNSCs) after their transplantation into rats, with the ibotenic (IBO) acid-induced cognitive deficit model. After 7 weeks, cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). After two months blood and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical, gene expression, and histomorphometric analyses. Learning ability and memory function were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) after hOBNSCs transplantation and were nearly returned to normal in the treated group. The IBO acid injection was associated with a significant decline (P < 0.05) of total leukocyte count (TLC) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total and toxic neutrophils. As well, the level of IL-1?, TNF-? CRP in serum and levels of MDA and NO in hippocampus tissue were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), while antioxidant markers (CAT, GSH, and SOD) were reduced (P < 0.05) in treated tissue compared to controls. The administration of ROO before or with cell transplantation attenuated all these parameters. In particular, the level of NO nearly returned to normal when rosemary was administrated before cell transplantation. Gene expression analysis revealed the potential protective effect of ROO and hOBNSCs via down-expression of R-?Amyl and R- CAS 3 and R-GFAP genes. The improvement in the histological organization of the hippocampus was detected after the hOBNSCs transplantation especially in h/ROO/hOBNSCs group.

This study evaluated the diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological effects of a commercial diuretic (CD) (composed of ammonium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, biotin, halfa bar extract, and hexamine) on chickens with induced urolithiasis. A total of 100 one-day-old white Hy-Line chicks were fed a basal diet containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 48 days of age. Then, the birds were divided into five groups (G1-G5). G1 was fed a basal diet and kept as a negative control, G2 was fed a high protein (HP) diet containing 25% crude protein, G3 was fed high calcium (HC) diet containing 5% Ca, G4 was fed HP diet supplemented with CD, and G5 was fed HC diet supplemented with CD. The CD was supplemented with drinking water (at a dose of 0.5 ml/ liter) for 1 week. The experiment was held for 78 days. Clinical signs, postmortem lesions, and mortality rates were observed. Biochemical analytes, redox status biomarkers, and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. Tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination. No signs of CD toxicity were observed during the toxicity test prior to the experiment. Compared to all groups, birds in G2 and G3 showed impaired renal function and alterations in biochemical, redox status, lipid peroxidation, post-mortem, and histopathological lesions along with upregulation of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the kidney and spleen. In conclusion, commercial diuretic supplementation for one week improves renal function, redox status, immune and anti-inflammatory responses in chickens with induced urolithiasis.

Various interpretations and parameters have been proposed to assess spinal stability such as antagonist muscle coactivity, trunk stiffness and spinal buckling load; however, the correlation between...

To develop a decision-making pathway for primary SA-LLIF. Furthermore, we analyzed the agreement of this pathway and compared outcomes of patients undergoing either SA-LLIF or 360-LLIF. A decision-making pathway for SA-LLIF was created based on the results of interviews/surveys of senior spine surgeons with over 10 years of experience. Internal validity was retrospectively evaluated using consecutive patients undergoing either SA-LLIF or 360-LLIF between 01/2018 and 07/2020 with 3D-printed Titanium cages. An outcome assessment looking primarily at revision surgery and secondary at cage subsidence, changes in disk and foraminal height, global and segmental lumbar lordosis, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, and length of stay was carried out. 78 patients with 124 treated levels (37 SA-LLIF, 41 360-LLIF) were retrospectively analyzed. The pathway showed a direct agreement (SA-LLIF) of 100.0% and an indirect agreement (360-LLIF) of 95.1%. Clinical follow-up averaged 13.5 ± 6.5 months including 4 revision surgeries in the 360-LLIF group and none in the SA-LLIF group (p = 0.117). Radiographic follow-up averaged 9.5 ± 4.3 months, with no statistically significant difference in cage subsidence rate between the groups (p = 0.440). Compared to preoperative images, patients in both groups showed statistically significant changes in disk height (p

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by substantial systemic dysregulations that comprise systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation in addition to many neurological involvements, such as cerebrovascular diseases, polyneuropathies, motor neuron diseases, and cognitive impairment has been described in COPD patients. The aim of the current work was to detect the subclinical affection of the peripheral nervous system in patients with stable COPD. Results Forty COPD patients and 30 subjects as healthy control were enrolled. All included subjects were submitted to complete medical history, clinical evaluations, investigations in the form of; arterial blood gases, spirometry, in addition to nerve conduction study. The patients with COPD were classified according to GOLD criteria for severity in grade I in 7.5% grade II in 62.5%, grade III in 20%, and grade IV in 10%. The results show a statistically significant increase in distal latency and a statistically significant decrease of amplitude and conduction velocity in patients with COPD when compared to the examined nerves of control group. The demyelinating nerve affection was the most common. Conclusion In COPD patients the peripheral nervous system could be affected subclinically once the severity of COPD increased and the patient should be neurophysiologically observed for early recognition of peripheral nervous system affection.

Background: Lateral column lengthening is currently the most attractive procedure to correct the deformity. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of lateral column lengthening as a single or combined procedure on the clinical and radiological outcome of symptomatic patients with flexible flatfoot. Aim of Study: This study aims was to evaluate the effect of lateral column lengthening as a single or combined proce-dure on the clinical and radiological outcome of symptomatic patients with flexible flatfoot. Prospective study. Patients and Methods: 24 pediatric patients with sympto-matic flexible flatfoot. Post-operative evaluation was done via AOFAS Ankle-hindfoot Scale. Results: There were significant improvements of the radiological alignment angles post-operatively. Also asignif-icant improvement of AOFAS score after 3 months post-operatively and the end of follow-up is noticed. Concerning complications, persistent pain (8.4%), delayed union (8.4%), graft site hematoma (4.2%), partial graft extrusion (4.2%) and wound dehiscence (4.2%). Conclusion: Lateral column lengthening in treatment of pediatric flexible flatfoot has a good clinical and radiological outcome. It is associated with few or minor post-operative complications.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to critically evaluate distal extension of the midline urethral plate incision, extended tubularized incised plate (e-TIP) technique, with the standard TIP and investigating predictors of functional and cosmetic success. METHODS In a prospective study, consecutive patients with primary distal hypospadias presented for repair were randomized to undergo either extended TIP (e-TIP) or standard TIP (s-TIP) technique. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated postoperatively using Hypospadias-Objective-Penile-Evaluation (HOPE) score and measurement of ventral-glans-closure-length (VGCL) and meatal length (ML). Functional outcome was evaluated by maximal flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qave), and postvoid residual urine (PVR). The effect of preoperative parameters on the outcome was assessed with regression analysis. RESULTS In all 94 cases, out of 110 randomized, were available for analysis. Forty-six in e-TIP group and 48 cases in s-TIP group with comparable preoperative demographics. Median (inter-quartile range) of postoperative total HOPE-score was 57(45-60) vs. 55(44-60) for e-TIP and s-TIP (p

In this pandemic SARS-CoV-2 crisis, any attempt to contain and eliminate the virus will also stop its spread and consequently decrease the risk of severe illness and death. While ozone treatment has been suggested as an effective disinfection process, no precise mechanism of action has been previously reported. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of ozone treatment on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, virus collected from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab and sputum samples from symptomatic patients was exposed to ozone for different exposure times. The virus morphology and structure were monitored and analyzed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and ATR-FTIR. The obtained results showed that ozone treatment not only unsettles the virus morphology but also alters the virus proteins’ structure and conformation through amino acid disturbance and Zn ion release from the virus non-structural proteins. These results could provide a clearer pathway for virus elimination and therapeutics preparation.

This study aims to compare the early subsidence rate (6–12 months) of standalone novel 3D-printed titanium (Ti) versus polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody cages after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). A retrospective study of 113 patients (186 levels) who underwent LLIF surgery with Ti or PEEK cages was conducted. Early subsidence was measured in each treated level using the Marchi et al. classification in radiographs or CT scans acquired at 6–12 months follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analyses with generalized mixed models, setting subsidence as the outcome variable and including cage type (Ti vs PEEK) as well as significant and trending variables (p

The objective of this study is to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) changes in adjacent vertebra following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Consecutive patients undergoing ACDF with available preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging were included. Quantitative CT measurements of screw-free cervical and first thoracic vertebra were performed. Comparisons between pre- and postoperative BMD in the vertebrae one or two levels above the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV + 1, UIV + 2) and one level below the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV + 1) were assessed. Seventy-two patients (men, 66.7%) met the inclusion criteria. The patient population was 91.7% Caucasian with a mean age of 55.0 years. The mean interval (±SD) between surgery and secondary CT was 157 ± 23 days. Preoperative BMD (±SD) in UIV + 1 was 300.6 ± 66.2 mg/cm3 . There was a significant BMD loss of 1.5% at UIV + 1 after surgery, resulting in a postoperative BMD of 296.2 ± 64.8 mg/cm3 (p = .029). At UIV + 2 and LIV + 1, no significant differences between pre- and postoperative BMD (304.7 ± 75.7 mg/cm3 vs. 299.8 ± 74.3 mg/cm3 , 197.3 ± 50.4 mg/cm3 vs. 200.8 ± 48.7 mg/cm3 , p = .113 and p = .078, respectively) were observed. Clinical significance Our results demonstrate a small BMD decrease of 1.5% at UIV + 1. This suggests that the effect of ACDF surgery on the adjacent levels might be smaller compared to the previously described lumbar BMD loss of 10%-20% following posterior lumbar fusion procedures.

Lithium is the gold standard therapy for Bipolar Disorder (BD) but its effectiveness differs widely between individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response heterogeneity are not well understood, and personalized treatment in BD remains elusive. Genetic analyses of the lithium treatment response phenotype may generate novel molecular insights into lithium’s therapeutic mechanisms and lead to testable hypotheses to improve BD management and outcomes. We used fixed effect meta-analysis techniques to develop meta-analytic polygenic risk scores (MET-PRS) from combinations of highly correlated psychiatric traits, namely schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We compared the effects of cross-disorder MET-PRS and single genetic trait PRS on lithium response. For the PRS analyses, we included clinical data on lithium treatment response and genetic information for n = 2283 BD cases from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen; www.ConLiGen.org). Higher SCZ and MD PRSs were associated with poorer lithium treatment response whereas BD-PRS had no association with treatment outcome. The combined MET2-PRS comprising of SCZ and MD variants (MET2-PRS) and a model using SCZ and MD-PRS sequentially improved response prediction, compared to single-disorder PRS or to a combined score using all three traits (MET3-PRS). Patients in the highest decile for MET2-PRS loading had 2.5 times higher odds of being classified as poor responders than patients with the lowest decile MET2-PRS scores. An exploratory functional pathway analysis of top MET2-PRS variants was conducted. Findings may inform the development of future testing strategies for personalized lithium prescribing in BD.

This study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects and coping strategies of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between 30 May and 6 June 2020, an online cross-sectional survey ...

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Tilmicosin in the treatment of pasteurellosis in Holstein calves. Design: Controlled study. Animals: TwentyHolstein Calves Procedures: 10 Holstein Calves suspected to be suffering from Bovine respiratory distress (BRD) were treated with Tilmicosin and another 10 Holstein healthy calves under the same conditions of hygiene, nutrition, and management were used as a control group. The nasal swap was collected from the two groups for bacteriological isolation and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis at zero, 7th, 14th days. Results: Bacteriological isolation revealed that Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A were the most causative agents of pasteurellosis in the infected calves. The hematological analysis of the tilmicosin treated group showed a significant decrease (P 0.05) in hemoglobin, but there is a significant decrease in hematocrit at Zero Week and second week, and a significant decrease (P

A rapid, sensitive, and accurate stability indicating HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of triamcinolone acetonide and benzyl alcohol in pure form, degradation products and pharmaceutical preparation. The separation was carried out on RP BDS Hypersil® C18 column (150 x 4.60 mm, 5μm) using an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: 0.05 M phosphate buffer PH 3.50 (55 : 45). Both benzyl alcohol and triamcinolone acetonide quickly eluted at 1.67 min and 3.42 min, respectively, with a flow rate of 1.50 mL /min and UV detection at 254 nm. The linearity was in the range of 1 – 50 µg/mL for triamcinolone acetonide and 2 - 10 µg/mL for benzyl alcohol. The method has been validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness, and ruggedness as per the ICH guidelines. Finally, the method was compared statistically with reference methods indicating that there is no significant difference between them in respect of precision and accuracy.

Eleven new quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized as modified VEGFR-2 inhibitors of our previous work. The synthesized compounds were tested against three human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116). Compounds 11g, 11e and 11c were the most potent members against the tested cells. Compound 11g (IC50 = 4.50, 2.40, and 5.90 μM) was the most potent member compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 8.29, 9.65, and 7.68 μM) and sorafenib (IC50 = 7.33, 9.41, and 7.23 μM) against HepG-2 and HCT-116, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Compound 11e showed better anti-proliferative activities than doxorubicin and sorafenib with IC50 values of 5.34, 4.19, and 6.06 μM, against HepG-2 and HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. In addition, the most active anti-proliferative derivatives 11c, 11e, 11f, and 11g were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed good inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 1.36 μM. Among them, compound 11g was the most active member with an IC50 value of 0.75 μM, compared to the reference drug; sorafenib (IC50 = 1.29 μM). Moreover, docking studies revealed that the synthesized compounds have good binding patterns against the prospective molecular target; VEGFR-2. In addition, in silico, ADMET and toxicity studies showed a high level of drug likeness for the synthesized compounds.

Targeting PCAF with small inhibitor molecules has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Recently, L-45 was identified as a potent triazolophthalazine inhibitor of the PCAF bromodomain. Here, we report the bioisosteric modification of the triazolophthalazine ring system of L-45 to its bioisosteric triazoloquinazoline while maintaining other essential structural fragments for effective binding with the binding site of PCAF. Consequently, a set of sixteen triazoloquinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines. Five derivatives demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activity with that of doxorubicin as a reference anticancer drug. Among them, compound 23 showed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 6.12, 4.08, 7.17, and 6.42 μM against HePG2, MCF-7, PC3, and HCT-116, respectively. Also, compound 21 exhibited comparable cytotoxic effects with that of doxorubicin against the selected cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 7.41–9.58 μM. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies were additionally performed to rationalize the binding affinities of the newly designed triazoloquinazolines toward the active site of histone acetyltransferase PCAF and to evaluate the druggability of new compounds. The results of these studies suggested that PCAF binding could be the mechanism of action of these derivatives.

In view of their DNA intercalation activities as anticancer agents, 17 novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the binding modes of the proposed compounds with the DNA active site. The data obtained from biological testing highly correlated with those obtained from the molecular modeling studies. MCF-7 was found to be the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 12d was found to be the most potent derivative of all the tested compounds against the three HepG2, HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 = 22.08 ± 2.1, 27.13 ± 2.2 and 17.12 ± 1.5 μM, respectively. Although this compound displayed nearly one third of the activity of doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94 ± 0.6, 8.07 ± 0.8 and 6.75 ± 0.4 μM, respectively), it may be useful as a template for future design, optimization, and investigation to produce more potent anticancer analogs. Compounds 12a, 10c and 10d displayed very good anticancer activities against the three HepG2, HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 = 31.40 ± 2.8, 28.81 ± 2.4 and 19.72 ± 1.5 μM for 12a, 33.41 ± 2.9, 29.96 ± 2.5 and 24.78 ± 1.9 μM for 10c, and 37.55 ± 3.3, 30.22 ± 2.6 and 25.53 ± 2.0 μM for 10d. The most active derivatives, 10c, 10d, 10h, 12a, 12b and 12d, were evaluated for their DNA binding activities. Compound 12d displayed the highest binding affinity. This compound potently intercalates DNA at a decreased IC50 value (35.33 ± 1.8 μM), which is nearly equipotent to that of doxorubicin (31.27 ± 1.8 μM). Compounds 12a and 10c exhibited good DNA-binding affinities, with IC50 values of 39.35 ± 3.9 and 42.35 ± 3.9 μM, respectively. Finally, compounds 10d, 10h and 12b showed moderate DNA-binding affinities, with IC50 values of 50.35 ± 3.9, 57.08 ± 3.3 and 59.35 ± 3.2 μM, respectively.

4-Aminocoumarins and their related compounds represent an important class of a versatile scaffold in organic synthesis and have been consistently used as a building block in organic chemistry as well as in heterocyclic chemistry for the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds. Moreover, 4-aminocoumarins attract more and more attention because of their wonderful biological applications such as antiproliferative, antimycobacterial, antibacterial, antiplatelet, antiglycant, antioxidant, antitumor, antistrogen, enzym inhibitory, and anticancer activities and their natural occurrence. The presence of an amino group and enamine carbon enhances their chemical reactivity. Meanwhile, chemists have developed various synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of such a privileged precursor. The purpose of this current review is to demonstrate different synthetic methodologies for the construction of 4-aminocoumarin derivatives and the investigation of their biological and medicinal applications.

The resistance of pathogenic microbes to currently available antimicrobial agents has been considered a global alarming concern. Hence, close attention should be paid to the development of novel potent antimicrobials. Herein, we report the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation, of two novel sets of quinoline derivatives as potential DNA gyrase and DHFR inhibitors. The design of new compounds depended on modifying the structural aspects of previously reported fluoroquinolones. In both sets, the methyl group replaced the fluorine atom at C-6. In the first set, the diverse heterocyclic fragments of reported antimicrobial potentials, including pyrazole, isoxazole, and pyrimidine, were attached to C-3 of the quinoline scaffold. In the second set, the quinolone ring was replaced with the pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline scaffold to examine the effect of this action on the antimicrobial activity and the in silico virtual binding with DNA gyrase and DHFR. The preliminary antimicrobial activity of new compounds was assessed against a panel of pathogenic microbes including Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and fungal strains (Aspergillus fumigatus, Syncephalastrum racemosum, and Geotriucum candidum). Six derivatives displayed relatively potent antimicrobial activity with a percent activity range of 80–113% relative to ampicillin, gentamicin, and amphotericin B as reference antimicrobial agents. Molecular docking studies were conducted to predict the binding affinities of new compounds toward the active sites of DNA gyrase and DHFR as proposed therapeutic targets.

In this review article, we will introduce all reported methods that have been developed for determination of certain anti-tussive and anti-histaminic drugs such as salbutamol, ambroxol and fexofenadine in their pure form, combined form with other drugs, combined form with degradation products, and in biological samples. We also will shed the light on the most important combination of drugs that are used for treatment of asthma and related diseases.

The global burden of bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance increases the demand to associate more than one antibiotic to fight life-threatening bacteria. Therefore, there is a great necessity to develop simple and sensitive methods for routine analysis of clinical samples. Therapeutic drug monitoring, bioequivalence, and pharmacokinetic studies are essential to ensure drug efficiency and safety. Herein, therefore, the first ecofriendly liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated for simultaneous determination of a commonly combined antibiotic for methicillin-resistant

Objective: To evaluate the protective role of sulforaphane in rats exposed to high cholesterol and high fructose diet. Design: Randomized experimental study. Animals: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated in groups of six animals to one of four groups. The first group was kept as a control group in which rats were fed on a basal diet for 15 weeks (Control), while in the second group (Control + SFN) rats were fed on the basal diet for 11 weeks then a sulforaphane (SFN) was given (0.5 mg/kg/day) orally for additional 4 weeks. The third group was the high cholesterol high fructose (HCF) where rats were fed on the basal diet mixed with a solution of cholesterol (1 % ) and fructose (10 %) for 15 weeks, while in the fourth group (HCF + SFN) high cholesterol high fructose diet and sulforaphane rats were fed on the basal diet mixed with a solution of cholesterol (1 %) and fructose (10 %) for 11 weeks then a SFN was given orally (0.5 mg/kg/day) for another 4 weeks. Serum and plasma samples were collected to determine the glycemic status, lipid profile, antioxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, and apoptotic marker, alongside liver tissue samples for histopathological examination. Results: Results revealed that sulforaphane alleviated the oxidative damage (decreasing MDA and NO) and improved the antioxidant status (reducing glutathione), and enhanced glycemic status through decreasing plasma glucose concentration and decreasing caspase 9 concentration. Conclusion and clinical relevance: It can be suggested that sulforaphane (SFN) can improve insulin resistance (I.R) and improve serum lipid profile.

The present study evaluated the protective effects of fenofibrate on liver function, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and insulin resistance (IR) in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD). Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (110-130 gm) were allocated into four equal groups (n = 6). Rats in group I were fed a normal diet for 4 weeks. Rats in group II were fed a normal diet with fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg/day orally for four weeks. Rats in group III were fed a normal diet mixed with 25% palm oil and given 60% fructose solution orally for 4 weeks. Rats in group IV were fed a normal diet mixed with 25% palm oil, 60% oral fructose solution, and fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg/day orally for four weeks. After experimental induction, serum and liver tissue samples were collected to determine lipid profiles, glycemic status, antioxidant status, oxidative and stress markers, and histopathology of liver tissues. The results of the present study revealed that fenofibrate prevents the occurrence of fatty liver, enhancing glycemic status, decreasing oxidative stress, and improving antioxidant status. It can be concluded that fenofibrate has a lipotropic and antidiabetic role.

This study aimed to examine the effects of dialectical behaviour therapy skills training intervention on emotional eating, body image, and weight management in women with obesity suffering from bin...

Aflatoxicosis is a serious health condition resulted from aflatoxin (AF)-producing fungi. Major health threats resulted from AFs and reflect on the livestock industry with great economic losses. There are limited scientific evidences concerning the AFs in ruminant, therefore it is important to evaluate AFs health hazards in cattle. Here, we investigate biochemical, oxidative stress, and postmortem changes associated with unexpected acute bovine aflatoxicosis. Seventy-two cattle were suffered from aflatoxisocis. Depression and inappetence were predominant clinical findings of the diseased animals. Analysis of feedstuffs revealed presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The AF-intoxicated animals showed a significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum creatinine (SCr), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, a significant decrease in total protein (TP), magnesium (Mg), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also seen. Hepatomegaly, enlarged gallbladder as well as congestion of the intestine and kidney were observed. This study elucidates the critical and constructive measurements needed for the prevention of the AFs hazardous effects to livestock for the future control of AF outbreaks. Conducting series of diagnostic assays reflect the marked health condition alterations in the biochemical and antioxidant status of the AF-intoxicated cattle.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the promotion of distal limb wound defects healing in donkeys. Design: A randomized experimental design Animals: Twelve clinically healthy male donkeys, weighing, 130–230 kg and aged 4 –5 years were allocated into three groups(4 animals/each) and undergo a 6cm2 (2cm X 3cm) 2 wound defects on the dorsolateral surface of right metacarpal and metatarsal regions for each donkey. Control (group A): the wound defects were left for spontaneous healing. In groups B and C, the wound defects were treated with either one application of PRF (B) or with three consecutive applications of PRF (a week interval) (C). Wound defects healing were evaluated clinically, histologically and immunohistochemically, in addition to gene expression patterns of angiogenic and myofibroblastic genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), collagen type 3 α1 (COL3α1), and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and tissue growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) were performed. Results: The healing percentage of single and three PRF applications was significantly higher (P

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for rapid and simultaneous separation and estimation of 3 antidiabetic drugs, namely, metformin, pioglitazone, and glimepiride, in human plasma within 3 min. Separation was carried out on a MAGELLEN 5U C18 (5 μm, 150 mm × 4.60 mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH–0.025 M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3.20 using ortho-phosphoric acid (85:15, v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the maximum absorption was measured at 235 nm. The retention time of metformin, pioglitazone, and glimepiride was noted to be 1.24, 2.32, and 2.77 min, respectively, indicating a very short analysis time compared to that of other reported methods. Also, limits of detection were reported to be 0.05, 0.26, and 0.10 μg/mL for metformin, pioglitazone, and glimepiride, respectively, showing a high degree of method sensitivity. The method was then validated according to the FDA guidelines for the determination of the three drugs clinically in human plasma, in particular, regarding pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence simulation studies.

To critically evaluate inner preputial graft (IPG) used in staged proximal hypospadias with severe chordee regarding cosmetic and functional outcomes. In this prospective study, patients with primary proximal hypospadias with moderate to severe chordee (> 30°) after penile degloving were considered candidates for staged repair between June 2011 to July 2017. After transection of the urethral plate (UP) and penile straightening, the bare shaft was covered with IPG. Tubularization of the graft was done as a second stage. Cosmetic and functional outcomes were assessed using HOSE score and uroflowmetry (UF). Additionally, factors influencing success were analyzed. In all, 38 consecutive cases were included. Native meatus was at proximal penile in 17, penoscrotal in 11, scrotal in 7, and perineal in 3 cases. Median age was 26 and 32 months at the first stage and the second stage, respectively. Preoperative testosterone was given for ten patients with a small penis and/or severe curvature. The mean follow-up was 18 ± 8.2, median 15 months. Grafts took well in all cases after the first stage except one. Cosmetic success achieved in 33 (86.8%). A total of ten complications occurred in six cases. Unplanned intervention was needed in 5/38 cases. Functionally, UF study revealed normal flow in 7/23 (30.4%), equivocal in 11/23(47.8%), and obstructed flow in 5/23(21.7%). Inner preputial graft use in proximal hypospadias with moderate to severe chordee seems to have a good technical outcome and functionally mimic the normal urethral function and could be considered an ideal option for substitution urethroplasty.

In this literature review, we will present the latest reported methods that have been developed for determination of certain antibiotics which are used for the treatment of serious infections that may affect critically ill patients such as cefepime, levofloxacin, vancomycin and gentamicin in their pure form, pharmaceutical dosage form, and in biological samples.

In forensic medicine, the study of gene expression in cadaveric tissues is well established, while analysis of post-mortem gene transcripts (thanatotranscriptome) is a novel arena for detec...

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at a high risk of psychiatric disorders as they face an emotional challenge in addition to physical impairment. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a sample of patients with end-stage renal disease on regular dialysis, and the effect of resilience and social support on them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 patients who had been on hemodialysis for the past three months. Anxiety and depression were assessed with a clinical interview. The severity of depression, perceived social support, and resilience were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Resilience Scale, respectively. Result: The mean age of enrolled patients was 49.2 ± 14.0 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 4.5 ± 3.8 years. The prevalence of depression was 24.4% and that of anxiety was 20%. According to our analysis, 15 (33.3%) patients were diagnosed with minor depression, 6 (13.3%) with mild depression, 14 (31.1%) with moderate depression, and 10 (22.2%) with severe depression. Resilience correlated significantly with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.004). Perceived social support was also found to be significantly correlated with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.012). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in patients with CKD and are considered as the main determinants of quality of life and death rate. Increasing awareness, early evaluation, and management of depression and anxiety may improve the functional, social, and clinical outcomes of the patients with CKD.