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Evaluate the influence of obesity on the polysomnographic and cephalometric parameters in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Fifty records of male patients with OSA, containing information on dental, medical, polysomnographic, and cephalometric exams were selected. The degree of obesity was based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Group I comprised normal or overweight individuals (BMI ≤ 29.9 kg/mBMI significantly correlated with apnea and hypopnea index (Obese males present wider and longer soft palate dimensions, and patients with a greater BMI present a more inferiorly positioned hyoid bone.

Introduction: The construction of concept maps should be carried out considering a hierarchical structuring of the concepts that will be presented. The mapping is a technique that can be used in various situations. Objective: the objective of this study is to construct a concept map within the perspective of the physiotherapy evaluation in rheumatology and to report the students’ experience in this learning process. Method: This study is an experience report by the students of the tenth period of the Physiotherapy course from the Faculty of Health Sciences at Trairi/Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, who were in activities of the Rheumatological Physiotherapy Internship, held in the school clinic of physiotherapy of the institution. A total of six students developed their concept maps using the CmapTools 6.01 software. Results: We can observe through the students’ reports that they understood the importance of using this type of tool as a way to improve and optimize learning. Conclusions: Experience reports show that indeed the construction of the concept map brings positive effects in the rescue of theoretical content and facilitates clinical practice.

Background: Neural mobilization is characterized by the neurodynamics of the nervous system with the objectives of: reducing musculoskeletal tension and pain and increasing muscular endurance and strength. Stroke is a worldwide health problem due to the impacts on quality of life, and makes the physical capacity of individuals after stroke about 40% lower of normal individuals of the same age. Objective: To verify the efficacy of neural mobilization in patients with stroke. Methods: This is a blinded randomized clinical trial performed in 12 volunteers, aged between 20 and 80 years, with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. It was performed five mobilizations of 60 seconds in the bilateral sciatic nerve. The degree of balance and gait of the volunteers was verified, as well as the muscular strength and flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles pre-mobilization, immediately after and after 10 sessions performed three times a week. Results: Neural mobilization on neurological patients showed positive effects in relation to flexibility, lower limb muscle strength, gait and balance. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the technique of neural mobilization can present good results in neurological patients with stroke sequelae. However, it is suggested that more studies be done with a larger number of volunteers and with a homogeneous sample on the approach of this technique in patients with neurological sequelae.

A metanfetamina (MA) e uma droga neurotoxica, de uso ilicito, apresentando semelhancas ao crack. O usuario dessa substância pode manifestar um estado de vicio, e possuir uma condicao bucal precaria. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se revisar a literatura acerca das repercussoes da metanfetamina na prevalencia de lesoes cariosas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca na base de dados PubMed com os correspondentes em ingles dos descritores metanfetamina e carie dentaria, sendo encontrados 68 artigos. Apos a limitacao de 10 anos, obtiveram-se 41 artigos, sendo incluidos, apos a leitura de titulos e resumos, 13 artigos. Foram excluidas revisoes de literatura, ensaios in vitro e em animais. Dentre os artigos, 11 mostraram que a prevalencia de carie esta presente nos usuarios de metanfetamina, principalmente nos que possuem maior tempo do vicio. 2 artigos complementaram as influencias da metanfetamina na formacao de lesoes cariosas, como a xerostomia, ma higiene bucal, alimentacao desregulada. Ainda esses pacientes apresentam com frequencia doencas periodontais. Em suma, os artigos demonstraram que os usuarios de metanfetamina possuiram condicao bucal alterada, devido a associacao da ma higiene com o efeito da droga. As lesoes de carie geralmente encontraram-se em grau severo, necessitando de reabilitacoes mais complexas.

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious-inflammatory disease, characterized by alveolar bone resorption. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has stood out for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study evaluated, through a literature review, the use of HA as an adjunctive therapeutic approach to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) of periodontitis (PD), carried out through scaling and root planing. For this, the Pubmed and Medline databases were used with the following descriptors: Hyaluronic Acid AND Periodontitis. Among 58 manuscripts found, 11 studies were selected after analyzing their title and respective abstracts. Pre-clinical or clinical research published from 2010 to 2020, including the use of HA exclusively in the NSPT of PD, were included for this literature review. Studies using other pharmacological interventions in conjunction with HA, other literature reviews and research related to the treatment of gingivitis, periodontal or pulp regeneration, surgical periodontal therapy, apical or peri-implantitis periodontitis were excluded. The main data of the selected manuscripts were compiled in a table and, then, their results were compared and discussed among themselves. Despite a wide variety of methodological protocols carried out by prospective researches, it is noted that HA has potential healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, which can be interesting from the point of view of periodontal treatment, considering the infectious and inflammatory character of PD. There are also different commercial formulations of HA on the market. It is suggested, therefore, that HA can be promising as a chemical adjuvant to PD NSPT, and can be used in the form of subgingival irrigation in deep periodontal pockets.

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca dos beneficios da combinacao dos tratamentos periodontal e ortodontico em pacientes com comprometimento periodontal. Metodos: Pesquisaram-se os descritores “tooth movement techniques” e “periodontitis” , devidamente cadastrados no MeSH e conectados entre si pelo operador booleano “AND”, na base de dados PubMed. Em uma busca inicial, encontraram-se 216 estudos, dentre os quais 54 estudos foram selecionados por serem estudos em humanos e publicados nos ultimos 10 anos. Estes, por sua vez, tiveram seus titulos e resumos lidos minuciosamente, incluindo-se, em sequencia, 8 artigos constituindo-se de ensaios clinicos randomizados (n = 4) e relatos de caso (n = 4) na lingua inglesa que investigassem as repercussoes do tratamento ortodontico em elementos dentarios comprometidos periodontalmente. Revisao Bibliografica: Em suma, os estudos mostram que pacientes com dentes comprometidos periodontalmente podem ser tratados ortodonticamente, desde que os movimentos empregados no tratamento sejam de forma continua, leve e controlada, e podem ser beneficiados com ganho de insercao e melhorias nas condicoes de higienizacao oral, em decorrencia do alinhamento dentario. Conclusao: E de grande importância o acompanhamento de um periodontista, aliado ao ortodontista, durante o tratamento de forma concomitante, para que o resultado seja alcancado de forma saudavel e mantido em longo prazo.

RESUMO O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) é uma patologia que frequentemente causa limitações motoras nos Membros Superiores (MMSS) gerando prejuízos funcionais nos movimentos de alcance. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o recrutamento muscular do membro superior parético durante três condições de alcance: ativo, ativo-assistido e autoassistido, através de dados eletromiográficos das fibras anteriores do Músculo Deltoide (MD), Bíceps Braquial (BB) e Tríceps Braquial (TB). Estudo do tipo transversal que utilizou como testes clínicos o miniexame do estado mental, escala de equilíbrio de Berg, medida de independência funcional, escala modificada de Ashworth e escala de Fugl-Meyer - seção MMSS. A coleta dos dados eletromiográficos de superfície foi realizada utilizando-se o eletromiógrafo e eletrodos de configuração bipolar da EMG System do Brasil com três canais posicionados nos pontos motores do MD (fibras anteriores), BB e TB de ambos os membros superiores. As variáveis clínicas apresentaram resultados de comprometimento motor, cognitivo e funcional leves. Os dados eletromiográficos mostraram que o MD e TB durante o alcance ativo-assistido contraíram mais que no alcance autoassistido (p

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os ganhos funcionais e a saúde auto referida de idosos submetidos a terapia em grupo. Métodos: Os idosos foram submetidos as intervenções 2 vezes na semana durante 12 semanas, com duração de 50 min cada atendimento. Foi desenvolvido pela equipe de pesquisadores, um protocolo de atividades variadas envolvendo exercícios de mobilidade, equilíbrio, coordenação, cognição, fortalecimento muscular de membros inferiores e superiores, alongamentos e socialização. Foi utilizado: O Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), escala de Categoria de Deambulação Funcional (EDF), Prova Cognitiva de Leganés (PCL) e O Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Resultados e conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram melhora na percepção de saúde e um impacto positivo sobre a cognição, socialização e no ganho de força muscular, refletidos nos instrumentos utilizados. Confirmamos ainda, a importância e incentivamos a participação de idosos em grupo de exercícios supervisionados.

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca da eficácia de fármacos antidepressivos no tratamento de pacientes com disfunções musculares faciais crônicas em termos de redução da dor e efeitos adversos. Métodos: Pesquisaram-se os descritores “Antidepressive Agents”, “Facial Pain”, “Drug Therapy,”, conectados pelo operador booleano “AND”, na base de dados Pubmed dos últimos 10 anos. Obtiveram-se 40 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 10 com base na leitura de títulos e resumos. Foram incluídos estudos e ensaios clínicos que relataram tratamentos de disfunções musculares faciais crônicas com fármacos antidepressivos. Resultados: 3 estudos concluíram que houve redução da dor em pacientes tratados com Amitriptilina e naqueles que receberam Amitriptilina com Pindolol. 2 estudos perceberam efeitos positivos nos pacientes tratados com Milnacipran. 2 estudos inferiram que, após o início da administração de Duloxetina, houve redução significativa da dor. 2 estudos sugeriram eficácia em pacientes com disfunções musculares faciais crônicas e que utilizaram Amitriptilina e Nortriptilina. 1 estudo observou o uso de Tizanidina ou Ciclobenzaprina, e concluiu sua ineficácia comparado ao placebo. Considerações finais: Os fármacos antidepressivos possuem a capacidade de tratar com eficácia as dores miofasciais, principalmente dores crônicas, devido a capacidade de possuir efeitos analgésicos, sendo a Amitriptilina considerada padrão-ouro para esses tratamentos.

Objective To evaluate whether xenografts derived from hysterectomized patients would implant successfully and lead to uterine leiomyoma in Wistar rats. Study design This experimental study examined six female Wistar rats implanted with uterine leiomyoma obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomies at the gynecological surgery service of the HUUFMA. The rats were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of three rats in which the uterine leiomyoma had been implanted in the parietal peritoneum, and group II consisted of three rats in which the uterine leiomyoma was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue. The immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was administered orally by gavage (at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight) to prevent transplant rejection starting 15 days before the transplant and continuing throughout the entire experiment. After four weeks, necrosis and neovascularization were evaluated histologically in both groups and were classified as either absent or present. Lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration was also examined and classified as mild, moderate or intense (by hematoxylin and eosin staining), and fibrosis was classified as grade I–III (by Masson's trichrome staining). Results Necrosis was absent from all three rats in group I and was observed in only one rat from group II. Neovascularization was present in two rats from group I and in only one rat from group II. The lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate was mild in two rats and moderate in one rat from group I, and it was moderate in two rats and intense in one rat from group II. Two rats from group 1 exhibited grade III fibrosis, and one rat presented grade I fibrosis. In group II, two rats presented grade I fibrosis and one rat had grade II fibrosis. When necrosis and neovascularization were evaluated as variables, group I demonstrated greater evidence of successful implantation when compared to group II, indicating that the peritoneal implantation technique produces better results than the subcutaneous approach ( p = 0.039). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the xenotransplantation of uterine leiomyoma into the parietal peritoneum is more effective than the xenotransplantation of uterine leiomyoma into the subcutaneous tissue, and it describes a promising new model for the study of leiomyoma in vivo .

Periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are immunoinflammatory diseases where leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory mediators induce alveolar bone loss, synovitis, and joint destruction, respectively. Thus, we reviewed the relationship between both diseases considering epidemiological aspects, mechanical periodontal treatment, inflammatory mediators, oral microbiota, and antibodies, using the keywords “periodontitis” and “rheumatoid arthritis” in PubMed database between January 2012 and March 2015, resulting in 162 articles. After critical reading based on titles and abstracts and following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were included. In the articles, women over 40 years old, smokers and nonsmokers, mainly constituted the analyzed groups. Eight studies broached the epidemiological relationship with PD and RA. Four trials demonstrated that the periodontal treatment influenced the severity of RA and periodontal clinical parameters. Nine studies were related with bacteria influence in the pathogenesis of RA and the presence of citrullinated proteins, autoantibodies, or rheumatoid factor in patients with PD and RA. Five studies investigated the presence of mediators of inflammation in PD and RA. In summary, the majority of the articles have confirmed that there is a correlation between PD and RA, since both disorders have characteristics in common and result from an imbalance in the immunoinflammatory response.

O combate a endemias relacionadas à condição de vida (tais como a diarréia, cólera, leptospirose, tracoma etc.) constitui-se uma das prioridades da atual política de saúde do SUS. Muitas destas endemias estão relacionadas à precariedade ou falta de serviços de saneamento básico. Frente às evidências do beneficio dos serviços de saneamento sobre a Saúde Pública, torna-se necessário que o planejamento e a execução de políticas de saúde e de intervenções a partir do saneamento sejam considerados de forma mutua e compassada, constituindo-se uma estratégia de Saúde Pública preventiva e social. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os serviços de saneamento básico dos municípios tocantinenses quanto a sua eficiência no combate a endemias relacionadas à falta ou precariedade desses serviços, especialmente às endemias de veiculação hídrica. Parte-se da hipótese de que o número de casos dessas doenças está negativamente relacionado com as condições verificadas na área de saneamento básico. Para realização desse estudo foi utilizada a Metodologia da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) para avaliar a eficiência dos municípios no combate às endemias a partir dos serviços de saneamento básico em 2006. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma realidade caracterizada pela precariedade dos serviços de saneamento básico.

Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, the ability of the Matricaria recutita extract (MRE) to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and its influence on alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in rats.Wistar rats were subjected to ABR by ligature with nylon thread in the second upper-left molar, with contralateral hemiarcade as control. Rats received polysorbate TW80 (vehicle) or MRE (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg) 1 hour before ligature and daily until day 11. The periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, histometry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The gingival tissue was used to quantify the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples were collected to evaluate bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), leukogram, and dosages of aspartate and alanine transaminases, urea, and creatinine. Aspects of liver, kidneys, spleen, and body mass variations were also evaluated.The 11 days of ligature induced bone resorption, low levels of BALP, leukocyte infiltration; increase of MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1β; immunostaining increase for RANKL and TRAP; reduction of OPG and leukocytosis, which were significantly prevented by MRE, except for the low levels of BALP and the leukocytosis. Additionally, MRE did not alter organs or body weights of rats.MRE prevented the inflammation and ABR by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β, preventing the osteoclast activation via the RANKL-OPG axis, without interfering with bone anabolism.

Owing to the importance of major histocompatibility complex class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells for host survival following viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, it has become largely accepted that these cells should be considered in the design of a new generation of vaccines. For the past 20 years, solid evidence has been provided that the heterologous prime-boost regimen achieves the best results in terms of induction of long-lived protective CD8(+) T cells against a variety of experimental infections. Although this regimen has often been used experimentally, as is the case for many vaccines, the mechanism behind the efficacy of this vaccination regimen is still largely unknown. The main purpose of this review is to examine the characteristics of the protective CD8(+) T cells generated by this vaccination regimen. Part of its efficacy certainly relies on the generation and maintenance of large numbers of specific lymphocytes. Other specific characteristics may also be important, and studies on this direction have only recently been initiated. So far, the characterization of these protective, long-lived T cell populations suggests that there is a high frequency of polyfunctional T cells; these cells cover a large breadth and display a T effector memory (TEM) phenotype. These TEM cells are capable of proliferating after an infectious challenge and are highly refractory to apoptosis due to a control of the expression of pro-apoptotic receptors such as CD95. Also, they do not undergo significant long-term immunological erosion. Understanding the mechanisms that control the generation and maintenance of the protective activity of these long-lived TEM cells will certainly provide important insights into the physiology of CD8(+) T cells and pave the way for the design of new or improved vaccines.