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3 results on '"Anthony Marius Smith"'

1. Characterisation of Vibrio cholerae isolates from the 2009, 2010 and 2016 cholera outbreaks in Lusaka province, Zambia

Author

Kapambwe Mwape, Geoffrey Kwenda, Annie Kalonda, John Mwaba, Chileshe Lukwesa-Musyani, Joseph Ngulube, Anthony Marius Smith, and James Mwansa

Subjects
cholera, vibrio cholerae, multidrug resistance, lusaka province, Medicine
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In 2009 and 2010, more than 6,000 cholera cases were recorded during these outbreaks with more than 80% of cases recorded in Lusaka province. After a five-year break, in 2016 an outbreak occurred in Lusaka, causing more than 1,000 cases of cholera. This study will strengthen the epidemiological information on the changing characteristics of the cholera outbreaks, for treatment, prevention and control of the disease. METHODS: this was a laboratory-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 83 V. cholerae O1 isolates were characterised by biochemical testing, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and macrorestriction analysis using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. RESULTS: macrorestriction analysis of the isolates demonstrated high genetic diversity among the isolates with 16 different patterns. The largest pattern comprised 9 isolates while the smallest one had 1 isolate. 2009 and 2010 isolates were highly resistant to nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole, but highly sensitive to azithromycin and ampicillin. Of the fifty-two isolates from the 2016 cholera outbreak, 90% (47) were sensitive to cotrimoxazole, 94% (49) to tetracycline, and 98% (51) to azithromycin, while 98% (51) were resistant to nalidixic acid and 31(60%) to ampicillin. CONCLUSION: macrorestriction analysis demonstrated high genetic diversity among the V. cholerae O1 strains, suggesting that these isolates were probably not from a similar source. This study also revealed the emergence of multidrug resistance among the 2016 V. cholerae outbreak isolates but were susceptible to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and azithromycin, which can be used for treatment of the cholera cases.

Published
2020
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2. Similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in South Africa

Author

Anthony Marius Smith, Husna Ismail, Maryke M Henton, Karen H Keddy, and GERMS-SA Surveillance Network

Subjects
Serotype, Salmonella, Salmonella enteritidis, Prevalence, Animals, Wild, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, South Africa, Virology, Genotype, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Bacteriological Techniques, Salmonella Infections, Animal, biology, Pulsenet, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Molecular Typing, Infectious Diseases, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Infections, Parasitology
Abstract

Introduction: Salmonella is well recognized as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal and diarrhoeal disease. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is one of the commonest serotypes associated with foodborne illness. In South Africa, we compared Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans with gastroenteritis and strains isolated from captive wild animals, between June 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: Bacteria were phenotypically characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Genotypic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: a diversity of 27 PFGE patterns amongst 196 human non-invasive isolates was shown; two PFGE patterns predominated and accounted for 74% of all human isolates. Human isolates showed a 12% prevalence rate for nalidixic acid resistance. Animal isolates from 5 different sources were investigated. With the exception of an isolate from a ground hornbill, all animal isolates (jaguar, crocodile, lion and poultry) showed PFGE pattern matches to a human isolate. Animal isolates showed susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents tested, with the exception of nalidixic acid resistance in isolates from the lion and poultry source. Conclusions: Our data showed similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans and captive wild animals, suggesting a probable common source for strains from humans and animals.

Published
2014
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3. A technique permitting selection of penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal strains following transformation of a penicillin-resistant strain with a penicillin-susceptibility gene

Author

Anthony Marius Smith

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Penicillin Resistance, Antibiotics, Penicillins, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Transformation, Genetic, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Penicillin-Binding Proteins, Molecular Biology, Antibacterial agent, biology, Strain (chemistry), biology.organism_classification, Streptococcaceae, Virology, Erythromycin, Penicillin, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Transformation (genetics), Carrier Proteins, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract

We report a technique useful for transformation experiments involving bacteria naturally competent for DNA transformation. It allows the selection of antibiotic-susceptible transformants following the transformation of a resistant strain with an antibiotic susceptibility gene. We show the effectiveness of this technique through the selection of penicillin-susceptible (MIC, 0.03 microg/ml) transformants following the transformation of a penicillin-resistant (MIC, 16 microg/ml) pneumococcal strain with a penicillin-susceptibility gene.

Published
2003
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