20,441 results on '"Body Fluids"'
Search Results
2. Problems involved in discharging the "chronic sick" patient from hospital.
- Author
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BAYNE JR
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- Humans, Body Fluids, Chronic Disease rehabilitation, Geriatrics rehabilitation, Hospitals, Medicine, Patient Discharge
- Published
- 1961
3. THE HUMORS. SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHAKESPEARE'S TRAGEDIES.
- Author
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DRAPER JW
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- Humans, Body Fluids, Complementary Therapies, Famous Persons, History, Medicine, Medicine in Literature
- Published
- 1964
4. RICHARD BRIGHT 1789-1858 (GARRISON): SELECT REPORTS OF MEDICAL CASES: CASES ILLUSTRATIVE OF SOME OF THE APPEARANCES OBSERVABLE ON THE EXAMINATION OF DISEASES TERMINATING IN DROPSICAL EFFUSION.
- Author
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STRIKER C
- Subjects
- Body Fluids, Edema, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Kidney Diseases, Medicine
- Published
- 1963
5. The administrative discharges.
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STEWART GM
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- Humans, Body Fluids, Medicine, Mental Disorders rehabilitation, Military Personnel, Psychology, Military
- Published
- 1960
6. [The medicine dropper as test tube].
- Author
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LAMPERSBERGER H
- Subjects
- Humans, Body Fluids, Medicine, Urine
- Published
- 1955
7. Clinical use of the urinary uropepsin determination in medicine and surgery.
- Author
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GRAY SJ, RAMSEY CG, and REIFENSTEIN RW
- Subjects
- Body Fluids, Endopeptidases urine, Medicine, Urinary Tract, Urine
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. [GMELIN OR MARABELLI REACTION?].
- Author
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FURFARO D
- Subjects
- Bile Pigments, Body Fluids, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Jaundice, Laboratories, Medicine, Urine
- Published
- 1964
9. Fluid balance in medicine.
- Author
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JOHNSTON LM
- Subjects
- Humans, Body Fluids, Medicine, Water-Electrolyte Balance
- Published
- 1953
10. [The influence of flight on the urinary pH].
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LINS FILHO W and BERREDO JB
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- Humans, Aerospace Medicine, Aviation, Body Fluids, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Medicine, Urinary Tract, Urine
- Published
- 1953
11. "Fluid balance--everyone's specialty".
- Author
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KAHN A Jr
- Subjects
- Body Fluids, Medicine, Water-Electrolyte Balance
- Published
- 1953
12. [Persistent vitreous hemorrhage in hemophilia].
- Author
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DIAS AB
- Subjects
- Humans, Body Fluids, Hemophilia A, Medicine, Vitreous Body, Vitreous Hemorrhage
- Published
- 1950
13. Laboratory medicine.
- Author
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MUSSER AW
- Subjects
- Humans, Sulfanilamide, Sulfanilamides, Body Fluids, Laboratories, Medicine, Sulfonamides urine
- Published
- 1961
14. NICOLAS LOUIS VAUQUELIN (1763-1829).
- Author
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WILLIAMS-ASHMAN HG
- Subjects
- France, History, 18th Century, Body Fluids, Chemistry, History, 19th Century, Medicine, Semen, Urology
- Published
- 1965
15. MERCURY EXPOSURE IN A CHLORINE PLANT.
- Author
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MCGILL CM, LADD AC, JACOBS MB, and GOLDWATER LJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Blood Chemical Analysis, Body Fluids, Chlorine, Medicine, Mercury, Mercury Poisoning, Occupational Diseases, Toxicology, Urine
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Thromboplastin in the urine of normal and hemophilic men.
- Author
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TOCANTINS LM and LINDQUIST JN
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Blood Coagulation, Body Fluids, Hemophilia A urine, Kidney, Medicine, Thromboplastin
- Published
- 1947
17. The Molecular Level: Beyond the Cell Doctrine.
- Author
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Theise, Neil D.
- Subjects
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BIOLOGICAL models , *HEALTH status indicators , *TISSUES , *CELL membranes , *MITOCHONDRIA , *ETHNOLOGY research , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *TISSUE engineering , *MOLECULAR biology , *MICROSCOPY , *MEDICINE , *BODY fluids , *CELLS - Abstract
The article focuses on reexamining the traditional cell doctrine in biology, highlighting the historical and conceptual shifts in understanding the nature of living organisms. Topics discussed include the historical background of the cell doctrine versus the fluid body perspective, the role of molecules in cellular organization and function, and the implications of molecular dynamics for understanding physiological processes and boundaries of the body.
- Published
- 2024
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18. ESTABLISHING CORRELATION OF pH WITH VARIOUS PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND TRADITIONAL PARAMETERS OF ACID BASE BALANCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Sidra Sadiq, Aamir Ijaz, and Munir Hussain
- Subjects
stewart approach ,acid-base equilibrium ,anion gap ,acid-base imbalance ,acidosis ,alkalosis ,hydrogen ion concentration ,blood ,body fluids ,fluid shifts ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Physiochemical versus traditional approach in diagnosing acid-base disorders (ABD). METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 212 patients, admitted during January to June 2020, in intensive care unit of Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan. Samples were obtained from these patients for pH, PCO2, HCO3, lactate, Na, K and Cl processed on Cobas ABG analyzer b 221. Ca, Mg, albumin and phosphate were analyzed on Cobas-601. Data was analyzed to assess the association among different parameters in traditional and Physiochemical approach. RESULTS: Males were predominant in total cohort group (n=125/212; 59%) as well as in metabolic subgroup (n=109/184; 59%). Mean age of males and females was 55.01±11.80 years and 54.99±14.76 years respectively. pH showed a strong negative correlation with PO4 (p-value=0.001) (rs 0.238) in the total cohort of subjects and no significant correlation (p=0.005) (rs -.206) in the metabolic subgroup in physiochemical approach. In traditional approach acid base parameters, Standard Base Excess (SBE) showed strong positive correlation (p=0.001) (rs 0.413 and rs 0.567) and pCO2 showed the strongest negative correlation (p value 0.001) (rs value -0.721 and rs -0.673) with pH in both total cohort and metabolic subgroup. HCO3 (p=0.003) (rs value 0.221) and AG (p=0.024) (rs value -0.167) both showed a significant strong positive and strong negative correlation with pH respectively. CONCLUSION: No significant association between physiochemical parameters and blood pH was found in adults. Traditional approach is the simplest, most rigorous, and useful for diagnosing ABD.
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- 2022
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19. COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF BICARBONATE FOR DETERMINATION OF ANION GAP IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
- Author
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Sheryar Orakzai, Munir Hussain, Aamir Ijaz, Sidra Sadiq, Mirza Muhammad Dawood, and Jehan Zeb
- Subjects
acid-base equilibrium ,anion gap ,acid-base imbalance ,acidosis ,hydrogen ion concentration ,blood ,body fluids ,fluid shifts ,bicarbonates ,buffers ,electrolytes ,bland altman plot ,story and postuie criteria ,model bland altman plot ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare anion gap estimated through measured and calculated bicarbonate modalities to be used interchangeably in critically ill metabolic acidosis patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan from September 2019 to March 2020. Out of 390 critically ill patients, 200 cases of metabolic acidosis were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Measured and calculated bicarbonate values were obtained through Cobas-c 501© (Roche) using enzymatic method and Cobas-b 221© (Roche) blood gas analyzer respectively. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-23. RESULTS: Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAG-MA) and high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAG-MA) based on calculated bicarbonate levels was observed in 57 (28.5%) and 143 (71.5%) cases as compared to 55 (27.5%) and 145 (72.5%) cases based on measured bicarbonate levels respectively (p>0.45). A significant correlation (r=0.888 and 0.656, r2=0.788 and 0.431) (p
- Published
- 2022
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20. BALANCE Y FLUIDOS EN EL EXTREMO PREMATURO MENOR A 1000 GRAMOS DURANTE LA PRIMERA SEMANA DE VIDA: UNA ESTRATEGIA SIMPLIFICADA DE CÁLCULOS
- Author
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Hernán Villalón, María Isabel Fernández, María Larraín, Javiera Quevedo, Cristián Silva, and Mauricio Pinto
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Water Balance ,Preterm Infant ,Body Fluids ,Fluid Therapy ,Calculations ,Medicine - Abstract
Resumen: Un adecuado balance hídrico en los recién nacidos prematuros con extremo bajo peso al nacer es fundamental para la disminución de la morbimortalidad en los primeros días de vida. Con frecuencia, el manejo del balance hídrico es causa de confusión y mucha dedicación de tiempo entre especialistas. Uno de los elementos fundamentales, es precisar las pérdidas hídricas transepidérmicas y respiratorias, lo que se conoce como pérdidas insensibles. El objetivo de esta revisión es fundamentar los conceptos principales y sintetizar las formas habitualmente empleadas en este procedimiento, a través de una fórmula matemática de fácil aplicación y posible de llevar a una planilla de cálculos, para así simplificar este proceso y las indicaciones de fluidos derivadas. Summary: An adequate fluid balance in extremely low birth weight newborns is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality during the first days of life. Fluid balance management in these newborns is often confusing and time consuming. Key to this process is correctly identifying transepidermal and respiratory water losses, known as insensitive losses. The purpose of this revision is to review the main concepts in this area and synthesize the habitual formulas utilized in fluid balance management in a spreadsheet that simplifies this process and consequent prescriptions.
- Published
- 2021
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21. Plague Transmission from Corpses and Carcasses
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Sophie Jullien, Nipun Lakshitha de Silva, and Paul Garner
- Subjects
plague ,Yersinia pestis ,outbreaks ,corpses ,body fluids ,Y. pestis ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Knowing whether human corpses can transmit plague will inform policies for handling the bodies of those who have died of the disease. We analyzed the literature to evaluate risk for transmission of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, from human corpses and animal carcasses. Because we could not find direct evidence of transmission, we described a transmission pathway and assessed the potential for transmission at each step. We examined 3 potential sources of infection: body fluids of living plague patients, infected corpses and carcasses, and body fluids of infected corpses. We concluded that pneumonic plague can be transmitted by intensive handling of the corpse or carcass, presumably through the inhalation of respiratory droplets, and that bubonic plague can be transmitted by blood-to-blood contact with the body fluids of a corpse or carcass. These findings should inform precautions taken by those handling the bodies of persons or animals that died of plague.
- Published
- 2021
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22. Implementation of a decision aid for recognition and correction of volume alterations (Recova®) in haemodialysis patients
- Author
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Jenny Stenberg, Magnus Lindberg, and Hans Furuland
- Subjects
body composition ,body fluids ,decision support techniques ,electric impedance ,prospective studies ,renal dialysis ,water–electrolyte imbalance ,Medicine - Abstract
Background Fluid overload is associated with mortality in haemodialysis patients, and 30% of patients remain fluid-overloaded after dialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if implementation of Recova®, a decision aid combining clinical assessment with bioimpedance spectroscopy, facilitates individualization of target weight determination and thereby contributes to improved fluid status in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Methods The impact of the implementation was measured as the proportion of participants at an adequate target weight at the end of the study, assessed as change in symptoms, hydration status, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Nurses were instructed to use Recova every 2 weeks, and the process of the intervention was measured as frequencies of fluid status assessments, bioimpedance measurements, and target weight adjustments. Results Forty-nine patients at two haemodialysis units were enrolled. In participants with fluid overload (n = 10), both overhydration and fluid overload symptom score decreased. In fluid-depleted participants (n = 20), target weight adjustment frequency and the estimated target weight increased. The post-dialytic negative overhydration was reduced, but NT-proBNP increased. Conclusions Implementation of Recova in haemodialysis care increased the monthly frequencies of bioimpedance measurements and target weight adjustments, and it contributed to symptom reduction. Trial registration The Uppsala County Council Registry of Clinical Trials: FoU 2019-0001-15.
- Published
- 2020
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23. Hallmarks of exosomes
- Author
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Nihat Dilsiz
- Subjects
biomarkers ,body fluids ,exosomes ,hallmarks ,miRNAs ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Exosomes are a new horizon in modern therapy, presenting exciting new opportunities for advanced drug delivery and targeted release. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a size range of 30–100 nm, secreted by all cell types in the human body and carrying a unique collection of DNA fragments, RNA species, lipids, protein biomarkers, transcription factors and metabolites. miRNAs are one of the most common RNA species in exosomes, and they play a role in a variety of biological processes including exocytosis, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, as well as cellular communication via exosomes. Exosomes can act as cargo to transport this information from donor cells to near and long-distance target cells, participating in the reprogramming of recipient cells.
- Published
- 2022
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24. Disseminated genitourinary histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS with negative urine antigen testing
- Author
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Nicole M. Iovine, Candice Theodora Joseph, and Michael Feely
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary system ,Histoplasma ,Histoplasmosis ,Surgical pathology ,Immunocompromised Host ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Hydronephrosis ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Genitourinary system ,General Medicine ,Cystoscopy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Dermatology ,Body Fluids ,Female ,business - Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis is a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised patients. The majority of healthy persons have benign disease not requiring treatment. However, in persons living with HIV, mortality is high and accurate diagnosis is paramount. We present a case of a 48-year-old HIV-positive woman who presented with haematuria and flank pain. She had a history of recurrent urinary tract infection and nephrolithiasis with obstructive hydronephrosis. During cystoscopy, a bladder lesion was found. Pathological evaluation demonstrated abundant intracellular organisms with apparent budding. Subsequent urine histoplasma antigen was negative. Given the high index of suspicion for histoplasmosis based on the surgical pathology findings and epidemiological history, the patient was started immediately on antifungal therapy. One week later, PCR results of the bladder lesion confirmed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum. This case highlights a rare presentation of genitourinary histoplasmosis and the utility of surgical pathology evaluation and PCR for diagnosis.
- Published
- 2023
25. Effects of X-irradiation and thymectomy on the immune response of the marine teleost, Sebastiscus marmoratus
- Author
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Nakanishi, T
- Published
- 2020
26. 111-Indium platelet imaging, Doppler spectral analysis and angiography compared in patients with transient cerebral ischaemia
- Author
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McCollum, C
- Published
- 2020
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27. Response of gonadectomized mice to erythropoietic stimulation
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O'Shea, M
- Published
- 2020
28. Increased neutron penetration in partially deuterated water: application to neutron capture therapy
- Author
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Zubal, G
- Published
- 2020
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29. Out-of-Hospital Care of Heart Failure Patients During and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Time for Telemedicine?
- Author
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Alessandro Faragli, Edoardo La Porta, Carlo Campana, Burkert Pieske, Sebastian Kelle, Friedrich Koehler, and Alessio Alogna
- Subjects
heart failure ,COVID-19 ,home monitoring ,body fluids ,telemedicine ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
30. Identification of Peripheral Blood and Menstrual Blood Based on the Expression Level of MicroRNAs and Discriminant Analysis
- Author
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HE Hong-xia, JI An-quan, HAN Na, et al
- Subjects
forensic genetics ,micrornas ,models, statistical ,body fluids ,menstrual blood ,peripheral blood ,identification ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective To construct a discriminant analysis model based on the differential expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in two kinds of blood samples (peripheral blood and menstrual blood) and three non-blood samples (saliva, semen and vaginal secretion), to form an identification solution for peripheral blood and menstrual blood. Methods Six kinds of miRNA (miR-451a, miR-144-3p, miR-144-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-203-3p and miR-205-5p) were selected from literature, the samples of five kinds of body fluids commonly seen in forensic practice (peripheral blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretion) were collected, then the samples were divided into training set and testing set and detected by SYBR Green real-time qPCR. A discriminant analysis model was set up based on the expression data of training set and the expression data of testing set was used to examine the accuracy of the model. Results A discriminant analysis statistical model that could distinguish blood samples from non-blood samples and distinguish peripheral blood samples from menstrual blood samples at the same time was successfully constructed. The identification accuracy of the model was over 99%. Conclusion This study provides a scientific and accurate identification strategy for forensic fluid identification of peripheral blood and menstrual blood samples and could be used in forensic practice.
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- 2020
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31. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among primary healthcare workers in Johannesburg health district: High rate of underreporting
- Author
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Collins C.E. Mbah, Zuberu B. Elabor, and Olufemi B. Omole
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blood ,body fluids ,occupational exposure ,healthcare workers ,injury reporting ,sharps exposure. ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of bloodborne infections from sharp instrument injuries and skin and mucous membrane exposures to contaminated blood and body fluids (BBF). While these have clinical and occupational health implications, little is known about BBF exposure and its reporting pattern in South African primary healthcare (PHC). The aim of this study was to determine the rate of BBF exposure, the extent of reporting and the reasons for not reporting among HCWs in PHC facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional study involving 444 participants, an 18-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, HCWs’ exposures to BBF in the last year, whether the exposure was reported and the reasons for not reporting. Analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Most participants were nurses (87.4%) and female (88.1%). About a quarter of participants (112) reported having at least one BBF exposure in the last year. Overall, there were 355 exposures, resulting in 0.8 BBF exposure per HCW per year. Of these exposures, 291 (82.0%) were not reported. Common reasons for not reporting include lack of time (42.72%), perception that the source patient was at low risk for human immunodeficiency virus (24.7%) and concerns about confidentiality (22.5%). Blood and body fluids exposures involving nurses (p 0.001), sharp instrument (p 0.001) and HCWs aged 50 years (p = 0.02) were significantly more likely to be reported. Conclusion: This study found a high rate of underreporting of BBF exposures among HCWs in PHC facilities in Johannesburg, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to improve reporting.
- Published
- 2020
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32. Role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in cancer
- Author
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Nihat Dilsiz
- Subjects
biomarkers ,body fluids ,cancer ,exosomes ,extracellular vesicles ,miRNA ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that exosomes play a critical role in the cell–cell communication process. Exosomes are biological nanoparticles with an average diameter of 30–100 nm in size and are produced by almost all cell types in the human body; however, cancer cells contain higher concentrations of exosomes than healthy cells. They are released into all body fluids and contain double-stranded DNA (originated from nucleus and mitochondria), a variety of RNA species, and specific protein biomarkers that can be utilized as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and lipids. Therefore, the specific exosomes secreted by tumor cells could be used to predict the existence of the presence of a tumor in cancer patients. This review summarizes the role of exosomes in cancer development and their potential utility in the clinic.
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- 2020
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33. Application of Mixed-effect Model in PMI Estimation by Vitreous Humor
- Author
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YANG Ming-Zhen, LI Hui-Jun, ZHANG Tian-Ye, DENG ,et al.
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forensic pathology ,vitreous body ,postmortem interval ,body fluids ,mixed-effect model ,potassium ,magnesium ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective To test the changes of the potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) concentrations in vitreous humor of rabbits along with postmortem interval (PMI) under different temperatures, and explore the feasibility of PMI estimation using mixed-effect model. Methods After sacrifice, rabbit carcasses were preserved at 5 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and 80-100 μL of vitreous humor was collected by the double-eye alternating micro-sampling method at every 12 h. The concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ in vitreous humor were measured by a biochemical-immune analyser. The mixed-effect model was used to perform analysis and fitting, and established the equations for PMI estimation. The data detected from the samples that were stoned at 10 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ with 20, 40 and 65 h were used to validate the equations of PMI estimation. Results The concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ [f(x,y)] in vitreous humor of rabbits under different temperature increased along with PMI (x). The relative equations of K+ and Mg2+ concentration with PMI and temperature under 5 ℃~35 ℃ were f■(x,y)=3.413 0+0.309 2 x+0.337 6 y+0.010 83 xy-0.002 47 x2 (P
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- 2018
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34. Systemic and Target-Site Pharmacokinetics of Antiparasitic Agents.
- Author
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al Jalali, Valentin and Zeitlinger, Markus
- Subjects
- *
ANTIPARASITIC agents , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *MEDICAL care costs , *SYMPTOMS , *THERAPEUTICS , *BODY fluids , *MEDICINE , *PARASITIC diseases - Abstract
About one-sixth of the world's population is affected by a neglected tropical disease as defined by the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Parasitic diseases comprise most of the neglected tropical disease list and they are causing enormous amounts of disability, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. The burden of disease of the top five parasitic diseases has been estimated to amount to a total 23 million disability-adjusted life-years. Despite the massive health and economic impact, most drugs currently used for the treatment of parasitic diseases have been developed decades ago and insufficient novel drugs are being developed. The current review provides a compilation of the systemic and target-site pharmacokinetics of established antiparasitic drugs. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs allows for the examination and possibly optimization of existing dosing schemes. Many symptoms of parasitic diseases are caused by parasites residing in different host tissues. Penetration of the antiparasitic drug into these tissues, the target site of infection, is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of the disease. Therefore, for the examination and improvement of established dosing regimens, not only the plasma but also the tissue pharmacokinetics of the drug have to be considered. For the current paper, almost 7000 scientific articles were identified and screened from which 429 were reviewed in detail and 100 were included in this paper. Systemic pharmacokinetics are available for most antiparasitic drugs but in many cases, not for all the relevant patient populations and only for single- or multiple-dose administration. Systemic pharmacokinetic data in patients with organ impairment and target-site pharmacokinetic data for relevant tissues and body fluids are mostly lacking. To improve the treatment of patients with parasitic diseases, research in these areas is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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35. Caulis Sargentodoxae Prescription Plays a Therapeutic Role with Decreased Inflammatory Cytokines in Peritoneal Fluid in the Rat Endometriosis Model.
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Zhuang, Mengfei, Cao, Yang, Shi, Yan, Yu, Lin, Niu, Yanan, Zhang, Tingting, and Sun, Zhaogui
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- *
ANIMAL experimentation , *BODY fluids , *CYTOKINES , *ENDOMETRIOSIS , *ENDOMETRIUM , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *GENE expression , *HERBAL medicine , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *INTERLEUKINS , *MEDICINE , *MEDICAL prescriptions , *CHINESE medicine , *NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents , *PERITONEUM , *PEROXIDES , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *PROSTAGLANDINS , *RATS , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription has been confirmed by the gynecological clinical observation to be effective in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs), and inflammatory cytokines were involved in EMs. In this paper, animal experiments were designed to explain anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription on endometriosis. The EMs model was established by autoplastic transplantation, and rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group, model group, ovariectomized group, gestrinone (Western medicine) group, Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription (Chinese medicine) group, celecoxib (inhibitor) group, and combination (Chinese medicine + inhibitor) group. After oral administration for 21 days, the growth inhibitory rates of the ectopic endometria in treatment groups were evaluated, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and peritoneal fluid were determined by ELISA, as well as the expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in the ectopic endometrial tissues was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. The growth inhibitory rates of the ectopic endometria were significantly higher in the Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription group and gestrinone group, in comparison with the model group p < 0.05 . In the Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription group, the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 were all reduced in the serum and peritoneal fluid p < 0.05 . In addition, the specific expression of PTGS2 in the ectopic endometrial tissues significantly decreased in the Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription group and PTGS2 inhibitor celecoxib group both at mRNA and protein levels, but in the steroid hormone drug gestrinone group not at the mRNA level. So, Caulis Sargentodoxae prescription has a reliable therapeutic effect on the EMs by its comprehensive anti-inflammatory roles, possibly in a way different from gestrinone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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36. Multivariate calibration applied to near-infrared spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of dilute aqueous solutions
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Jones, H
- Published
- 1993
37. Body Fluid Trend and Prevalence of Lymphedema After Gynecological Cancer Surgery
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So Young Ahn, Dong Joon Cho, Heon Jong Yoo, and Soo-Kyung Bok
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Complex decongestive therapy ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lower limb lymphedema ,Neoplasms ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Lymphedema ,Body fluid ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Gynecological cancer ,Body Fluids ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Sample size determination ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: This study aimed at understanding the trend in extracellular fluid (ECF) change and estimating the efficacy of the early complex decongestive therapy (CDT) program in terms of prevalence of lower limb lymphedema, as well as at identifying the quality of life (QoL) associated with response to CDT after gynecological cancer therapy. Methods and Results: Thirty-one patients undergoing gynecological cancer treatment were enrolled and randomly assigned to the CDT and control groups. In the CDT group, CDT was started within 2 weeks after surgery for 30 minutes a day, for 2 weeks (5 days per week). The patients' QoL was assessed through the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire; version 3. Inbody S10® (Biospace, Seoul, South Korea) was used to calculate the ECF. The assessment was performed at pre- and post-surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Statistically significant differences, in favor of the CDT group, were encountered at the 3-month follow-up visit, especially with respect to the QoL score. Regarding the prevalence of lymphedema, no significant difference was observed between groups. The mean value of the impedance ratio was low in the CDT group during the entire 12 month follow-up. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that early CDT had a positive effect on the prevalence of lymphedema and body composition. Long-term follow-up studies with a larger sample size are needed to warrant the time-group effect of early rehabilitation.
- Published
- 2022
38. A comparative study of smica in various body fluids of diagnosed cervical cancer patients and healthy women
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SomshekharPatil, Meghnad Joshi, Pooja A.Pachani, Amita Gosavi, Rakesh k Sharma, Jeevitaa Kshersagar, Rajendra R. Godbole, and Rakhi Jagdale
- Subjects
papanicolaou test ,Saliva ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urine ,Gastroenterology ,Metastasis ,uterine cervical neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,neoplastic processes ,medicine ,Cervical cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cancer ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,Gynecologic Oncology ,medicine.disease ,parity ,Immunoassay ,RG1-991 ,Original Article ,Histopathology ,body fluids ,business - Abstract
Objective Cervical cancer (CC) is a major public health problem in women, and its early detection can help reduce morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to compare serum levels of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (sMICA) levels in various body fluids between women diagnosed with CC and healthy women.Methods A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and a cancer center in Kolhapur, India. Overall, 150 individuals (100 CC patients and 50 healthy women) participated after providing informed written consent. Demographic data, histopathology history, parity, and tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging data were collected. Pap smears, saliva, blood, and urine samples were collected. Pap smears were examined microscopically, and sMICA levels in all samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results The mean age of women with cervical cancer was 49.86±8.18 years. Squamous cell carcinoma (70%) was the most common histological variant in CC patients. Serum soluble sMICA levels differed significantly with parity and TNM staging (P
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- 2022
39. Oxygen and steroids affect the regulatory role of natriuretic peptide receptor-C on surfactant secretion by type II cells
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Danforth A. Newton, Rita M. Ryan, Manjeet K. Paintlia, Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Alan H. Jobe, Matthew W. Kemp, and John E. Baatz
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Adult ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE RECEPTOR C ,Physiology ,Late gestation ,medicine.drug_class ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Betamethasone ,Models, Biological ,Oxygen ,Dexamethasone ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Atrial natriuretic peptide ,Pulmonary surfactant ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Terbutaline ,medicine ,Natriuretic peptide ,Animals ,Humans ,Secretion ,RNA, Messenger ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Receptor ,Glucocorticoids ,Lung ,Sheep ,Chemistry ,Pulmonary Surfactants ,Cell Biology ,Body Fluids ,Endocrinology ,Alveolar Epithelial Cells ,Steroids ,Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ,Atrial Natriuretic Factor ,Research Article - Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its receptors natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A and NPR-C are all highly expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s) in the late-gestation ovine fetal lung and are dramatically decreased postnatally. However, of all the components, NPR-C stimulation inhibits ANP-mediated surfactant secretion. Since alveolar oxygen increases dramatically after birth, and steroids are administered to mothers antenatally to enhance surfactant lung maturity, we investigated the effects of O2 concentration and steroids on NPR-C-mediated surfactant secretion in AEC2s. NPR-C expression was highest at 5% O2 while being suppressed by 21% O2, in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-15s) and/or human primary AEC2s. Surfactant protein-B (SP-B) was significantly elevated in media from both in vitro and ex vivo culture at 13% O2 versus 21% O2 in the presence of ANP or terbutaline (TER). Both ANP and C-ANP (an NPR-C agonist) attenuated TER-induced SP-B secretion; this effect was reversed by dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment in AEC2s and by transfection with NPR-C siRNA in MLE-15 cells. DEX markedly reduced AEC2 NPR-C expression, and pregnant ewes treated with betamethasone showed reduced ANP in fetal sheep lung fluid. These data suggest that elevated O2 downregulates AEC2 NPR-C and that steroid-mediated NPR-C downregulation in neonatal lungs may provide a novel mechanism for their effect on perinatal surfactant production.
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- 2022
40. Subtypes in patients with opioid misuse: A prognostic enrichment strategy using electronic health record data in hospitalized patients
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Meng Xie, Brihat Sharma, Majid Afshar, Niranjan S. Karnik, Robert Kania, Cara Joyce, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Dmitriy Dligach, and Kristin Swope
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Male ,Hospitalized patients ,Physiology ,Urine ,Machine Learning ,Tertiary Care Centers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Electronic Health Records ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Precision Medicine ,Uncategorized ,Analgesics ,Multidisciplinary ,Pharmaceutics ,Drugs ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Latent class model ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,Patient Discharge ,3. Good health ,Body Fluids ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Hospitalization ,Alcoholism ,Treatment Outcome ,Research Design ,Latent Class Analysis ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Female ,Anatomy ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Census ,Drug Administration ,Science ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Drug Therapy ,Electronic health record ,Internal medicine ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,medicine ,Pain Management ,Humans ,Socioeconomic status ,Prescription Drug Misuse ,Natural Language Processing ,Pharmacology ,Drug Screening ,Inpatients ,Survey Research ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Models, Theoretical ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Opioids ,Health Care ,Opioid ,Observational study ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundApproaches are needed to better delineate the continuum of opioid misuse that occurs in hospitalized patients. A prognostic enrichment strategy with latent class analysis (LCA) may facilitate treatment strategies in subtypes of opioid misuse. We aim to identify subtypes of patients with opioid misuse and examine the distinctions between the subtypes by examining patient characteristics, topic models from clinical notes, and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was an observational study of inpatient hospitalizations at a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2017. Patients with opioid misuse were identified using an operational definition applied to all inpatient encounters. LCA with eight class-defining variables from the electronic health record (EHR) was applied to identify subtypes in the cohort of patients with opioid misuse. Comparisons between subtypes were made using the following approaches: (1) descriptive statistics on patient characteristics and healthcare utilization using EHR data and census-level data; (2) topic models with natural language processing (NLP) from clinical notes; (3) association with hospital outcomes.FindingsThe analysis cohort was 6,224 (2.7% of all hospitalizations) patient encounters with opioid misuse with a data corpus of 422,147 clinical notes. LCA identified four subtypes with differing patient characteristics, topics from the clinical notes, and hospital outcomes. Class 1 was categorized by high hospital utilization with known opioid-related conditions (36.5%); Class 2 included patients with illicit use, low socioeconomic status, and psychoses (12.8%); Class 3 contained patients with alcohol use disorders with complications (39.2%); and class 4 consisted of those with low hospital utilization and incidental opioid misuse (11.5%). The following hospital outcomes were the highest for each subtype when compared against the other subtypes: readmission for class 1 (13.9% vs. 10.5%, pConclusionsA 4-class latent model was the most parsimonious model that defined clinically interpretable and relevant subtypes for opioid misuse. Distinct subtypes were delineated after examining multiple domains of EHR data and applying methods in artificial intelligence. The approach with LCA and readily available class-defining substance use variables from the EHR may be applied as a prognostic enrichment strategy for targeted interventions.
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- 2023
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41. Exosomal miR-1246 from glioma patient body fluids drives the differentiation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
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Ziwen Pan, Jian Wang, Shaobo Wang, Shouji Zhang, Hao Xue, Zongpu Zhang, Gang Li, Xiaofan Guo, Wei Qiu, Lin Deng, Rongrong Zhao, Boyan Li, Yanhua Qi, Shulin Zhao, Zihang Chen, Mingyu Qian, and Qindong Guo
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Exosomes ,Immune system ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Glioma ,Drug Discovery ,microRNA ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Pharmacology ,Kinase ,Chemistry ,Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells ,medicine.disease ,Microvesicles ,Body Fluids ,MicroRNAs ,Tumor progression ,Cancer research ,Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell ,Molecular Medicine ,Original Article - Abstract
Glioma is a heterogeneous cellular environment in which immune cells play critical roles in tumor progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma; however, how glioma cells interact with MDSCs and how this interaction affects the function of other immune cells are unclear. Glioma cells can systemically communicate with immune cells via the secretion of exosomes, which contain microRNAs (miRNAs). Leveraging miRNA sequencing of exosomes, we identified enrichment of miR-1246 in glioma-derived exosomes and exosomes isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients. We demonstrated that miR-1246 drives the differentiation and activation of MDSCs in a dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. In addition, postoperative CSF exosomal miR-1246 expression was found to be associated with the glioma recurrence rate. Hypoxia, a well-recognized feature of the glioblastoma microenvironment, increased miR-1246 levels in glioma-derived exosomes by enhancing miR-1246 transcription and selective packaging via upregulation of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1). Importantly, we identified a mechanism of 2-methoxyestradiol, a microtubule inhibitor currently undergoing clinical trials for glioblastoma. 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses MDSC activation by inhibiting hypoxia-driven exosomal miR-1246 expression in glioma cells and PD-L1 expression in MDSCs.
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- 2021
42. Assessing/Imaging the Subcoracoid Space: From Anatomy to Dynamic Sonography
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Levent Özçakar, Ondřej Naňka, Vincenzo Ricci, and Kamal Mezian
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Dynamic ultrasound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Shoulder Joint ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Anterior shoulder ,Body Fluids ,Shoulder Pain ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,business ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
In the pertinent literature, standardized sonographic protocols have been widely described to evaluate the different compartments of the shoulder. However, the subcoracoid space is a complex anatomical region-usually not included/described in basic ultrasound approaches. Accordingly, starting from its anatomy, we describe a two-phase dynamic ultrasound protocol to scan the subcoracoid space. This way, we aim to optimize the diagnosis and management of patients with anterior shoulder pain and subcoracoid effusion.
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- 2021
43. Investigation on toxicological usefulness of synovial fluids, as an alternative matrix: postmortem distribution/redistribution of triazolam and its predominant metabolite α-hydroxytriazolam in human body fluids
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Naotomo Miyoshi, Hideki Nozawa, Koutaro Hasegawa, Kayoko Minakata, Itaru Yamagishi, Amin Wurita, and Masako Suzuki
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Chromatography ,Triazolam ,Chemistry ,Metabolite ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Toxicology ,Body Fluids ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Feces ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Synovial Fluid ,medicine ,Humans ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Hydroxytriazolam ,Redistribution (chemistry) ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2021
44. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of a New Herbicide, Epyrifenacil, in Rats
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Kota Hirasawa, Kengo Sakurai, Jun Abe, Hayato Takeuchi, and Sachiko Kitamoto
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Herbicides ,Chemistry ,Administration, Oral ,Transporter ,General Chemistry ,Metabolism ,Absorption (skin) ,Urine ,Body Fluids ,Rats ,Excretion ,Organic anion-transporting polypeptide ,Feces ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Animals ,Bile ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Tissue Distribution ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The metabolic fate of a newly developed herbicide, epyrifenacil, (ethyl[(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetate, S-3100), in rats was determined using 14C-labeled epyrifenacil. When it was administered orally to rats at 1 mg/kg, around 73-74% of the dose was absorbed, metabolized, and mainly excreted into feces within 48 h. The elimination of radioactivity in plasma and tissues was rapid, suggesting that exposure of epyrifenacil and metabolites is small. Metabolite analysis revealed that epyrifenacil was rapidly ester-cleaved to M1 and then mainly excreted into bile or further metabolized. No parent was detected in plasma, tissues, and urine. Remarkably, M1 was mainly distributed in the liver (at a concentration of 70-112 times higher than in plasma at a low dose). Furthermore, a significant sex-related difference was observed in urinary excretion of M1. Considering the above observations with those in the literature, the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) likely plays a role on the active transport of M1 in the liver and kidney.
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- 2021
45. Electroceutical fabric lowers zeta potential and eradicates coronavirus infectivity upon contact
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Subhadip Ghatak, Gargi S. Jagdale, Savita Khanna, Kaixiang Huang, Chandan K. Sen, Vinoj Gopalakrishnan, Abhishek Sen, Sashwati Roy, Dolly K. Khona, Kanhaiya Singh, Lane A. Baker, and Kenneth Cornetta
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Cell Survival ,Swine ,viruses ,Science ,Tetrazolium Salts ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Article ,Cell Line ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Virology ,medicine ,Zeta potential ,Electrochemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Coronavirus ,Infectivity ,Wound Healing ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Antimicrobials ,Textiles ,Temperature ,Virion ,COVID-19 ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Fluoresceins ,Body Fluids ,Kinetics ,Thiazoles ,Potential difference ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticles ,Medicine ,Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus ,Propidium - Abstract
Coronavirus with intact infectivity attached to PPE surfaces pose significant threat to the spread of COVID-19. We tested the hypothesis that an electroceutical fabric, generating weak potential difference of 0.5 V, disrupts the infectivity of coronavirus upon contact by destabilizing the electrokinetic properties of the virion. Porcine respiratory coronavirus AR310 particles (105) were placed in direct contact with the fabric for 1 or 5 min. Following one minute of contact, zeta potential of the porcine coronavirus was significantly lowered indicating destabilization of its electrokinetic properties. Size-distribution plot showed appearance of aggregation of the virus. Testing of the cytopathic effects of the virus showed eradication of infectivity as quantitatively assessed by PI-calcein and MTT cell viability tests. This work provides the rationale to consider the studied electroceutical fabric, or other materials with comparable property, as material of choice for the development of PPE in the fight against COVID-19.
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- 2021
46. Features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with post-infectious glomerulonephritis
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N A Komelyagina, L M Karzakova, N.V. Zhuravleva, S I Kudryashov, I. A. Sidorov, L V Borisova, and A. V. Odintsova
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B-Lymphocytes ,business.industry ,CD14 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Glomerulonephritis ,General Medicine ,Urine ,medicine.disease ,Acquired immune system ,Body Fluids ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Immune system ,Cytokine ,Blood serum ,Immunology ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Medicine ,IL-2 receptor ,business - Abstract
The timely diagnosis and treatment of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is currently limited by the erased and low-symptom nature of the disease, which leads to the search for informative biological markers of the disease, which can be used as immunological indicators of blood and urine. The study was carried out in order to establish the characteristic changes in the immunological parameters of blood and urine in patients with PIGN. The study included 60 patients with PIGN from among the patients, hospitalized in the nephrology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Health Care Ministry of the Chuvash Republic in 2015-2018. In addition to the generally accepted research methods, the patients underwent: 1) the determination of indicators of innate and acquired immune response in the blood (CD3+ -, CD3+ CD4+-, CD3+CD8+-, CD4+CD25+-, CD95+-, CD20+-, CD14+CD282+-, CD14+CD284+- cells; levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, circulating immune complexes, C3, C4) and urine (levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4); 2) the determination of the levels of cytokines - IL-1β, Ra-IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A in blood serum and urine. The data obtained were compared with those of the group of healthy individuals. The changes in blood immunological parameters, identified in the group of patients with PIGN, indicate the activation of innate immunity (the increase in the number of CD14+TLR2+- cells) and the humoral component of adaptive immunity (the increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, hyperimmunoglobulinemia - the increase in IgM and IgA levels) against the background of the decrease in the number of T (CD3+) - lymphocytes and regulatory (CD4+CD25high) - cells, hypocomplementemia (decreased levels of C3, C4). The increase in the content of C3, IgG and IgA was found in the urine. The cytokine profile of blood in patients with PIGN was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, Ra-IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, with the exception of IL-4, which remained on the levels of healthy individuals. The cytokine profile of urine in patients was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17A and anti-inflammatory cytokine - IL-10, with no changes in the content of Ra-IL-1β and IL-4. The revealed features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with PIGN reflect the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of this disease.
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- 2021
47. Review of Scavenged Sampling for Sustainable Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Do More With Less
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Robin F.J. van der Klip, Enno D. Wildschut, Henrik Endeman, Matthijs de Hoog, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Robert B. Flint, Stef Schouwenburg, Alan Abdulla, Tim J.L. Smeets, Birgit C. P. Koch, Pharmacy, Intensive Care, Pediatrics, and Pediatric Surgery
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pediatrics ,Computer science ,therapeutic drug monitoring ,Review Article ,Specimen Handling ,Documentation ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Operations management ,sustainable sampling ,Sampling optimization ,Child ,Pharmacology ,Blood Specimen Collection ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,scavenged sampling ,Sampling (statistics) ,Body Fluids ,sampling strategies ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Normal blood ,Sample collection ,Drug Monitoring ,Pediatric population ,Blood sampling - Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text., Purpose: Innovative and sustainable sampling strategies for bioanalytical quantification of drugs and metabolites have gained considerable interest. Scavenging can be stratified as a sustainable sampling strategy using residual material because it aligns with the green principles of waste reduction and sampling optimization. Scavenged sampling includes all biological fluids' (eg, blood, liquor, and urine) leftover from standard clinical care. This review elaborates on the past and current landscape of sustainable sampling within therapeutic drug monitoring, with a focus on scavenged sampling. Methods: In February 2021, 4 databases were searched to assess the literature on the clinical use of innovative and sustainable sampling techniques without applying publication date restrictions. Studies reporting the clinical use of scavenged blood sampling and bridging studies of scavenged sampling and normal blood sampling were eligible for inclusion. Results: Overall, 19 eligible studies concerning scavenged sampling were identified from 1441 records. Scavenged sampling is mainly applied in the pediatric population, although other patient groups may benefit from this strategy. The infrastructure required for scavenged sampling encounters several challenges, including logistic hurdles, storage and handling conditions, and documentation errors. A workflow is proposed with identified opportunities that guide the implementation of scavenged sampling. Conclusions: This review presents current evidence on the clinical use of scavenged sampling strategies. Scavenged sampling can be a suitable approach for drug quantification to improve dosage regimens, perform pharmacokinetic studies, and explore the value of therapeutic drug monitoring without additional sample collection.
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- 2021
48. Determination of new psychoactive substances and other drugs in postmortem blood and urine by UHPLC–MS/MS: method validation and analysis of forensic samples
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Ettore Ferrari Júnior and Eloisa Dutra Caldas
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Drug ,Analyte ,Chromatography ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Phenethylamines ,Postmortem blood ,Urine ,Forensic Medicine ,Toxicology ,Quechers ,Uhplc ms ms ,Body Fluids ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Synthetic cannabinoids ,Medicine ,business ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Central Nervous System Agents ,media_common ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study aimed to validate a modified QuEChERS method followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine 79 new psychoactive substances (NPS) and other drugs in blood and urine. Prescription drugs (n = 23), synthetic cathinones (n = 13), phenethylamines (n = 11); synthetic cannabinoids (n = 8), amphetamines (n = 7) and other psychoactive substances (n = 17) were included in the method. 500 µL of biological fluid was extracted with 2 mL of water/ACN (1:1), 500 mg of anhydrous MgSO4/NaOAc (4:1) added, followed by a supernatant cleanup with 25 mg of primary secondary amine and 75 mg of anhydrous MgSO4. Quantification was done using matrix-matched calibration curves and deuterated internal standards. The method was satisfactorily validated for blood and urine at limit of quantifications ranging from 0.4 to 16 ng/mL, and applied to the analysis of 54 blood (38 postmortem and 16 antemortem) and 16 antemortem urine samples from 68 forensic cases. All urine samples and 59.3% of the blood samples were positive for at least one analyte. Twenty-two analytes were detected in at least one biological sample, including the synthetic cathinones ethylone (222 ng/mL, antemortem blood), eutylone (246 and 446 ng/mL, urine), and N-ethylpentylone (597 and 7.3 ng/mL, postmortem and antemortem blood, respectively). The validated method was shown to be suitable for the analysis of blood and urine forensic samples and an important tool to collect information on emerging drug threats and understanding the impact of NPS and other drugs in poisoning cases.
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- 2021
49. Performance evaluation of automated cell counts compared with reference methods for body fluid analysis
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Giovanni Guerra, M.G. Alessio, Giulia Previtali, Sabrina Buoro, Valentina Moioli, and Michela Seghezzi
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Body fluid ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Neutrophils ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Health Policy ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Curve analysis ,Area under the curve ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cell Count ,Gold standard (test) ,Body Fluids ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polymorphonuclear cells ,Research Design ,White blood cell ,Body fluid analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
Objectives Cellular analysis of body fluids (BFs) can assist clinicians for the diagnosis of many medical conditions. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the analytical performance of the UF-5000 body fluid mode (UF-BF) analyzer compared to the gold standard method (optical microscopy, OM) and to XN-1000 (XN-BF), another analyzer produced by the same manufacturer (Sysmex) and with a similar technology for BF analysis. Methods One hundred BF samples collected in K3EDTA tubes were analyzed by UF-BF, XN-BF and OM. The agreement was evaluated using Passing and Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plot analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were selected for evaluating the diagnostic agreement between OM classification and UF-BF parameters. Results Comparison between UF-BF and OM, in all BF types, showed Passing and Bablok’s slope comprised between 0.99 (polymorphonuclear cells count, PMN-BF) and 1.39 (mononuclear cells count, MN-BF), the intercepts ranged between 26.47 (PMN-BF parameter) and 226.80 (white blood cell count). Bland–Altman bias was comprised between 7.3% (total cell count, TC-BF) and 52.9% (MN-BF). Comparison between UF-BF and XN-BF in all BF showed slopes ranged between 1.07 (TC-BF and PMN-BF) and 1.16 (MN-BF), intercepts ranged between 8.30 (PMN) and 64.78 (WBC-BF). Bland–Altman bias ranged between 5.8 (TC-BF) and 21.1% (MN-BF). The ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve ranged between 0.9664 and 1.000. Conclusions UF-BF shows very good performance for the differential counts of cells in ascitic, pleural and synovial fluids and therefore it is useful to screen and count cells in this type of BF.
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- 2021
50. MicroRNAs in Body Fluids: A More Promising Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Lei Shi, Mengheng Wang, Hai-Ping Li, and Pengtao You
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Oncology ,Kidney ,medicine.medical_specialty ,microRNA ,business.industry ,Urinary system ,Cancer ,Review ,clear cell renal cell carcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Exosome ,Clear cell renal cell carcinoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,biomarker ,exosome ,Medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,body fluids ,business - Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for approximately 10–15% of kidney cancers in the world. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common RCC subtype with the highest mortality. Surgical resection or puncture of tumor tissue is still an important clinical treatment and diagnosis of ccRCC, but its high recurrence rate and poor prognosis often lead to the short survival period of patients. Hence, the development of novel molecular biomarkers is of great clinical importance. miRNAs are endogenous non-coding small RNAs with a length of 19–24 nt. A growing number of studies have reported that miRNAs, as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, play a key role in the development of ccRCC and might be effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In addition, miRNAs can also predict the efficacy of treatment drug, thus improving the accuracy of clinical medication. Furthermore, non-invasive detection of miRNAs or extracellular vesicles (EV) in body fluids has better convenience and repeatability, which shows remarkable advantages compared with tissue detection. In this review, we summarized the typical miRNAs reported in recent years and place emphasis on evaluating miRNAs in different body fluids to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC in the future.
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- 2021
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