1. Melanoma models for the next generation of therapies
- Author
-
Ze'ev Ronai, Leonard I. Zon, Carmit Levy, Meenhard Herlyn, Marcus Bosenberg, Amanda W. Lund, David B. Lombard, Jean-Christophe Marine, Richard M. White, Yardena Samuels, Charles K. Kaufman, Christin E. Burd, Shaheen Khan, Marc Hurlbert, Kristen L. Mueller, Eleonora Leucci, Andrew E. Aplin, Sheri L. Holmen, Iwei Yeh, Ashani T. Weeraratna, David J. Adams, Martin McMahon, Corine Bertolotto, Florian A. Karreth, Sebastian Kobold, Glenn Merlino, Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza, Ping Chi, Jessie Villanueva, Niroshana Anandasabapathy, Kerrie L. Marie, Maria S. Soengas, Jiyue Zhu, Richard Marais, Craig J. Ceol, and E. Elizabeth Patton
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Drug resistance ,Article ,Targeted therapy ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ,Animals ,Humans ,Melanoma/drug therapy ,Melanoma ,neoplasms ,Immunity/immunology ,Tumor microenvironment ,business.industry ,Immunity ,Cell Biology ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Clinical trial ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Genetically Engineered Mouse ,Immunotherapy/methods ,business - Abstract
Summary There is a lack of appropriate melanoma models that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic modalities. Here, we discuss the current state of the art of melanoma models including genetically engineered mouse, patient-derived xenograft, zebrafish, and ex vivo and in vitro models. We also identify five major challenges that can be addressed using such models, including metastasis and tumor dormancy, drug resistance, the melanoma immune response, and the impact of aging and environmental exposures on melanoma progression and drug resistance. Additionally, we discuss the opportunity for building models for rare subtypes of melanomas, which represent an unmet critical need. Finally, we identify key recommendations for melanoma models that may improve accuracy of preclinical testing and predict efficacy in clinical trials, to help usher in the next generation of melanoma therapies.
- Published
- 2021