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// Chaoxiong Zhang 1, 2, * , Ning Wu 3, * , Fu Gao 1, * , Jiaqi Han 1 , Yanyong Yang 1 , Chuanfeng Zhou 1 , Weimin Sun 4 , Linfeng Xian 1 , Ying Cheng 1 , Bailong Li 1 , Jianming Cai 1 , Cong Liu 1 1 Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China 2 Institute of Military Medicine, Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, 610021, China 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China 4 Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jianming Cai, email: caijianming882003@163.com Cong Liu, email: victorliu20102020@163.com Keywords: MTERFD1, cancers, prognosis, proliferation, survival Received: October 02, 2015 Accepted: June 16, 2016 Published: August 09, 2016 ABSTRACT MTERFD1, also named MTERF3 (mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3), regulates transcription of the mitochondrial genome. MTERFD1 is a mitochondrial protein that represses mammalian mitochondrial DNA initiation in vivo . In this study, we found that MTERFD1 gene amplification and high expression existed in many different types of cancer. Significantly, increased expression of MTERFD1 gene was correlated with lower overall survival rate in clinical. Overexpression of MTERFD1 gene promoted to tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro and increased the percentage of cells in S phase. In conclusion, our data firstly indicated the MTERFD1 was an oncogene in many types of cancer.

Bone marrow is a major site of radiation injury. The extreme sensitivity of bone marrow cells to genotoxic stress largely determines the adverse side effects of radiation. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) is known to be radioprotective in extramedullary hemopoiesis, but its effect on bone marrow hemopoiesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether CpG-ODN ameliorated hemopoiesis radiation injury when administered after total-body irradiation (TBI). Mice were treated with 50 μg of CpG-ODN via intraperitoneal injection (i.p) 30 min., 24 and 48 hr after TBI. Our results show that CpG-ODN was able to mediate the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) via degradation of inhibitor NF-κB (IκB-α), and some oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) showed significant differences between the radiation control group and the radiation and administration of CpG-ODN group. White blood cell count, bone marrow cell count and bone marrow histological examination indicated that CpG-ODN minimized bone marrow damage induced by radiation. Exogenous colony-forming unit-spleen count indicated that CpG-ODN reduced primitive hemopoietic stem cell damage and reconstituted the hemopoietic system after TBI. The survival of mice was also enhanced after various levels of TBI. The calculated dose reduction factor was 1.2. Thus, we conclude that CpG-ODN may contribute to the amelioration of hemopoiesis radiation injury.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known carcinogen, however the mechanism of radiation induced thymic lymphoma is not well known. Moreover, an easy and effective method to protect mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma is still unknown. Hydrogen, or H(2), is seldom regarded as an important agent in medical usage, especially as a therapeutic gas. Here in this study, we found that H(2) protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice.

The role of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) in radio-resistance remained largely unknown. TLR2 knockout (TLR2−/−) mice received radiation of 6.5 Gy and then were studied. We found that radiation resulted in more severe mortality and morbidity rates in TLR2−/− mice. The cause of death in TLR2−/− mice may be severe and persistent bone marrow cell loss. Injection of the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 into wild type (WT) mice induced radio-resistance. Myd88−/− mice were more susceptible to radiation. In conclusion, our data indicate that, similar to TLR4, TLR2 plays a critical role in radio-resistance.