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Introducción: a escala mundial los accidentes cerebrovasculares constituyen un problema de salud con tendencia creciente. Debido al impacto que tiene el elevado costo socioeconómico de esta enfermedad sobre el sistema de salud de cualquier nación por su elevada mortalidad y por sus colosales secuelas invalidantes cobra singular importancia el establecer acciones de prevención inmediatas. Objetivo: describir el nivel de conocimientos sobre el accidente cerebrovascular y sus factores de riesgo en los adultos mayores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en pacientes del Policlínico “Marta Abreu” de enero a diciembre de 2019, la población objeto de estudio estuvo integrada por 120 pacientes dispensarizados con factor de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular, todos constituyeron la muestra estudio. Se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos de accidentes cerebrovasculares y sus factores de riesgo. Se aplicaron técnicas de la estadística descriptiva, se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas y se construyeron tablas estadísticas sencillas que describieron el comportamiento de las variables en estudio. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes de 60 a 69 años de edad, del sexo femenino (36, 30%), la hipertensión arterial entre los factores de riesgo bien documentados modificables (114, 95%) y la diabetes (54, 45%) entre los bien documentados potencialmente modificables. Conclusiones: fueron más frecuentes los adultos mayores entre los 60 y 69 años de edad, del sexo femenino y con desconocimientos sobre los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares, las complicaciones y sus factores de riesgo.

Years ago it was considered that hypertension was manifested with low incidence in childhood; However, multiple studies in a variety of ethnic and racial groups have shown an increased prevalence in this age group. It was conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study at three medical offices of "Chiqui Gómez Lubián" Polyclinic in Santa Clara city, Villa Clara Province, during the period from January 2012 to May 2014 with the aim to identify how many children there are in this health area who have prehypertension as well as the risk factors that affect them. The study population was 104 schoolchildren and the sample was composed of 94 patients, it was excluded those patients who suffered from chronic noncommunicable diseases, except those who were interesting to the investigation. Anthropometric study, measurement of blood pressure and a questionnaire developed for this purpose were used as techniques. The family medical history, inadequate eating habits and excess weight and improper physical exercise predominated in patients diagnosed with prehypertension or hypertension. Finally it was concluded that school-stricken modifiable risk factors are most affected by hypertensive disease, which shows that if the lifestyles of these patients were modified it would achieve delay their appearances, improve their outcomes and delay their complications.

The main cause of death of the person with type 2 diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular. Its prevention involves an integrated management of all risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the results of an intervention to improve the outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes debut and a history of hypertension that were treated with betablockers at the Chiqui Lubián Gomez University Polyclinic. Material and Method: prospective quasi-experimental study in an intentional sample of 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus debut and a history of hypertension who attended the multidisciplinary consultation of diabetes mellitus in the period from January to December 2011. Results: there was a prevalence of female patients -16 patients (72.7%) - and the age group between 50 and 69 years - (77.2%). The hypertension control was achieved with a change to inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (90.9%). Metabolic control, by quarter, improved significantly until reaching a 95.4% in the last one. Favorable changes in lifestyle, such as incorporating the practice of physical exercises (81.8%), were achieved. They ensure a better quality of life. With regard to body weight, at the start of the intervention there were 12 (54.5%) overweight patients and at the end they were reduced to seven (31.8%). It was possible that 100% of patients had a proper diet to control the disease, but only one patient (18.1%) stopped smoking, which is not significant. Better results could be achieved in the long term. Generally, the intervention was successful in 90.9% of patients. Conclusions: Patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of hypertension evolve favorably with a treatment of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as hypotensive and good metabolic control with lifestyle changes.