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Rituximab was first used as a treatment for B-cell malign lymphoma, and it is currently used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, an association between rheumatoid arthritis with another autoimmune disease Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a condition that can be expected. Thirty-four-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis received disease-modifying agents in various combinations for 9 years. Due to unresponsiveness to treatment, the biological agent rituximab was initiated. The patient also had euthyroided Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and nodular goiter for 15 years. At the time of the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO): 45 IU/mL (0-35), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) >3000 IU/mL (0-115) but after 4 cycles of treatment with rituximab anti-TPO: 7.38 U/mL (0-35), anti-Tg

Objective: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. There are studies suggesting that childhood traumas cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in adulthood, which predisposes patients to autoimmune diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HT and childhood trauma. Methods: In our study, we included 52 patients diagnosed with HT and 31 healthy controls and evaluated the Turkish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (which evaluates childhood traumas retrospectively) in both groups. The diagnosis of HT was confirmed using anti-thyroid peroxi-dase (anti-TPO) levels and thyroid ultrasonography. Results: The childhood emotional neglect score (10.79±3.90) was significantly higher in pa-tients with HT than in the control group (p=0.04). However, no significant difference was ob-served between the two groups regarding other components. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between anti-TPO levels and emotional neglect score (p=0.02; r=0.26). Conclusion: The significantly higher emotional neglect score in patients with HT compared with the control group and the positive correlation between childhood emotional neglect score and anti-TPO level suggest that childhood traumas may play a role in the etiology of adult HT. Further and large-scale studies are needed to elucidate all aspects of this subject.